Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: (202) 691-6567 USDL 99-357 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Media contact: 691-5902 Wednesday, December 15, 1999 AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY BY STATE AND INDUSTRY, 1998 The average annual pay of all workers covered by state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) programs rose 5.1 percent to $31,908 in 1998, according to preliminary data released today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. This compares with a 4.9 percent rise in 1997 and represents the fifth consecutive increase in the rate of average annual pay growth. The annual pay of private industry workers, comprising 84.6 percent of the nation's employment, grew 5.5 percent in 1998, up from the 5.2 percent increase observed in 1997. By comparison, annual pay for government workers rose 3.2 percent in 1998, down from 3.4 percent in 1997. (New Jersey data were not available for the third and fourth quarters of 1998 and therefore are not shown in this release. Totals for the United States were calculated using estimated data for New Jersey.) Pay growth for U.S. workers in 1998 was the second highest in the 1988- 98 period, falling only 0.3 percentage point short of the 5.4 percent rise that occurred in 1992. (See chart 1.) Average annual pay for workers grew 45.9 percent from 1988 to 1998, a gain of $10,036. The attached tables contain pay data for the nation, each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (Data for Puerto Rico are not included in the national averages.) Annual pay data are compiled from reports submitted by employers subject to state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) laws, covering 124.2 million full- and part-time workers. Average annual pay is computed by dividing total annual payrolls of employees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number of these employees. (See Technical Note.) Pay differences among states reflect the varying composition of employment by occupation, industry, and hours of work, as well as other factors. Pay differences among industries are similarly affected. For example, average annual pay levels in retail trade industries are reduced by the relatively large share of part-time workers. Correspondingly, pay levels in construction industries are reduced by the prevalence of part-year employment due to weather and seasonal factors. Over-the-year pay changes may reflect shifts in the composition of employment, as well as changes in the level of average pay. States Among the states, Connecticut had the highest pay level ($40,915) in 1998, followed by New York ($40,678), Massachusetts ($37,787), California ($35,349), and Illinois ($34,704). (See table 2.) The 1998 pay levels of these five highest-ranking states, accounting for 26 percent of the nation's employment, ranged from 9 to 28 percent higher than the U.S. average. Occupying the remaining top 10 pay positions for states were, in order of 1998 pay levels, Michigan, Delaware, Alaska, Maryland, and Washington. Colorado and Minnesota also had above-average pay levels. Among the jurisdictions covered in this release, the District of Columbia had the highest annual average pay level ($48,727). - 2 - Among the states with below-average annual pay, Montana posted the lowest pay ($22,644) in 1998. The next lowest pay levels were in South Dakota ($22,754), North Dakota ($22,990), Mississippi ($23,822), and Arkansas ($24,422). These five states continued to have the lowest wages in the nation, as they have for the past 11 years. The 1998 average annual pay figures for these states, which account for only 3 percent of the nation's workers, were 23 to 29 percent below the national average. Average annual pay levels for 37 states were below the U.S. average in 1998; combined, workers in these states accounted for 59 percent of the covered employment of the nation. Overall, stronger pay gains were observed in 1998 compared with the previous year. (See chart 2.) Annual pay grew by at least 5 percent in 22 states this year, whereas only 16 states reached this growth rate in 1997. On the high end of the growth scale, seven states posted pay increases of 6 percent or higher in 1998, compared with only two states in 1997. Leading the nation in pay growth for the second year in a row, Washington's average annual pay advanced 7.5 percent in 1998, exceeding the national growth rate by 2.4 percentage points. The next highest pay increase occurred in Colorado, where wages climbed 7.3 percent, followed by Georgia (6.3 percent), Virginia (6.2 percent), and Minnesota and Texas (6.1 percent each). Washington's strong performance was fueled by substantial increases in the services industry (15.9 percent) and in finance, insurance, and real estate (8.8 percent); pay growth in the services industry was one and one-half times faster than in 1997. In Colorado, the large wage gain was due to sharp increases in three industries: finance, insurance, and real estate (11.3 percent); transportation, communications, and public utilities (9.8 percent); and services (9.3 percent). In 1998, no state reported a decline in average annual pay. Alaska registered the smallest increase in pay (2.1 percent) in 1998, the same as in 1997. Alaska has reported the smallest wage increase every year since 1995. Following Alaska were West Virginia (2.2 percent), Hawaii (2.4 percent), Montana (3.2 percent), and Idaho (3.3 percent). The 1998 growth rates for West Virgina, Hawaii, and Montana were lower than their 1997 pay growth. (See table 3.) Industry Average annual pay levels for the nation varied widely by industry. (See table 4.) The highest average annual pay occurred in the mining industry--$52,021. (See chart 3.) Mining pay was 64 percent greater than the national average for private sector workers in 1998. Mining, which accounts for less than 1 percent of private sector employment, has held this top position since 1980 when BLS began publishing average annual pay levels for industries. The next highest pay level was registered in finance, insurance, and real estate ($48,597), which was 53 percent higher than average pay for all private industry workers. Once again, retail trade recorded the lowest pay ($16,794), as it has every year since 1980. In 1998, the pay level of retail workers was 47 percent below the national average for all private industry workers. Average pay in the services industry, the largest single component of the private sector, rose to $30,011 in 1998. For the fourth consecutive year, the largest over-the-year percentage pay increase in the private sector was registered in the finance, insurance, and real estate industry (8.3 percent). Wholesale trade had the next largest increase (5.9 percent), followed closely by retail trade (5.8 percent). Combined, these three industries account for 35 percent of private industry employment. The services industry had the fourth highest pay growth (5.4 percent). The smallest pay gain among the eight major private industry divisions occurred in the mining industry (4.0 percent). - 3 - The average annual pay level for the public sector, which includes federal, state, and local government establishments, was $32,931 in 1998, compared with $31,722 in the private sector. Pay differentials between the public and private sectors reflect many variables, including work activity and occupational structure. Average annual pay gains in the private sector have outpaced those of government workers for the past 4 years. (See chart 4.) Average annual pay in the public sector was 4 percent higher than private sector pay in 1998; this gap narrowed from 6 percent in 1997 and a high of 10 percent in 1994. Over the previous 5 years, pay grew 16 percent in the public sector, 6 percentage points below the 22 percent growth rate in the private sector. Over the past 10 years, average annual pay for government employees rose 43 percent, while pay for private industry workers increased 47 percent. Technical Note These data are the product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Covered Employment and Wages, or the ES-202 program. The data are derived from summaries of employment and total pay of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) legislation and provided by State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs). The summaries are a by-product of the administration of state unemployment insurance programs that require most employers to pay quarterly taxes based on the employment and wages of workers covered by UI. Data for 1998 are preliminary and subject to revision. Effective with third-quarter 1997 processing, employment and wage totals were generated using new systems in each of the states and at the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In some cases, this transition to new systems resulted in larger differences between preliminary and final 1997 levels. Coverage Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI laws and for federal civilian workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) program are compiled from quarterly contribution reports submitted to the SESAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly contribution reports, employers who operate multiple establishments within a state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report," which provides detailed information on the location and industry of each of their establishments. Average annual employment and pay data included in this release are derived from microdata summaries of nearly 7.7 million employer reports of employment and wages submitted by states to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. These reports are based on place of employment rather than place of residence. UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to state. In 1998, UI and UCFE programs covered workers in 124.2 million jobs. The estimated 119 million workers in these jobs, (after adjustment for multiple jobholders), represented 98.4 percent of wage and salary civilian employment. Multiple jobholder estimates are produced by the Current Population Survey (CPS). Covered workers received $3.961 trillion in pay, representing 95.5 percent of the wage and salary component of personal income and 46.5 percent of the gross domestic product. Major exclusions from UI coverage during 1998 included most agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces, elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of certain small nonprofit organizations. Concepts and methodology Average annual pay was computed by dividing total annual pay of employees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number of these employees. Included in the annual payroll data are bonuses, the cash value of meals and lodging when supplied, tips and other gratuities, and, in some states, employer contributions to certain deferred compensation plans such as 401(k) plans, and stock options. Monthly employment is based on the number of workers who worked during or received pay for the pay period including the 12th of the month. With few exceptions, all employees of covered firms are reported, including production and sales workers, corporation officials, executives, supervisory personnel, and clerical workers. Workers on paid vacations and part-time workers also are included. Percent changes in average annual pay were computed using final 1997 data as the base. These final 1997 data may differ from the preliminary 1997 data previously published. Average annual pay is affected by the ratio of full-time to part-time workers as well as the number of individuals in high-paying and low-paying occupations. When comparing average annual pay levels between industries and/or states, these factors should be taken into consideration. Annual pay data only approximate annual earnings because an individual may not be employed by the same employer all year or may work for more than one employer. Also, year-to-year changes in average annual pay can result from a change in the proportion of employment in high- and low-wage jobs, as well as from changes in the level of average annual pay. In order to insure the highest possible quality of data, SESAs verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment classification codes resulting from the verification process are introduced with the data reported for the first quarter of the year. Changes resulting from improved employer reporting are also introduced in the first quarter. For these reasons, some data, especially at more detailed industry levels, may not be strictly comparable with earlier years. In 1997, effective with first-quarter data, improved Department of Defense civilian employment and wages were centrally collected from a new data source. Data in table 4 are presented separately for the private sector and for government. Government data include federal, state, and local establishments. A few covered employers provided insufficient information on the nature of their businesses to assign a specific SIC classification and therefore could not be classified by industry division. The wages for these nonclassifiable establishments, along with data for the agricultural division, are not shown separately, but are included in the averages for state and national totals. Additional statistics and other information Average annual employment and pay data by state and industry are available upon request from the Division of Occupational and Administrative Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20212, telephone 202-691-6567 (e-mail:202_info@bls.gov). BLS now issues three other reports which provide data from state UI and UCFE programs. Also published from this program is the comprehensive bulletin, Employment and Wages, which features information by detailed industry on establishments, employment, and wages for the nation and all states. Employment and Wages Annual Averages, 1998 will be available for sale in early 2000 from the BLS Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Illinois 60690. News releases on 1998 average annual pay for the nation's metropolitan areas and for 1998 employment and average annual pay for large counties are scheduled to be released soon. This news release, along with other BLS statistics and information, is available via the Internet at the BLS World Wide Web site (http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm). Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-5886; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Table 1. State(1) average annual pay for 1997 and 1998 and percent change in pay for all covered workers(2) Average annual pay Percent State change, 1997-1998(4) 1997 1998(3) UNITED STATES(5)................ $30,353 $31,908 5.1 Alabama......................... 26,139 27,035 3.4 Alaska.......................... 33,156 33,839 2.1 Arizona......................... 27,659 29,317 6.0 Arkansas........................ 23,277 24,422 4.9 California...................... 33,525 35,349 5.4 Colorado........................ 30,066 32,246 7.3 Connecticut..................... 38,941 40,915 5.1 Delaware........................ 32,188 33,996 5.6 District of Columbia............ 46,761 48,727 4.2 Florida......................... 26,673 28,143 5.5 Georgia......................... 29,037 30,873 6.3 Hawaii.......................... 28,357 29,029 2.4 Idaho........................... 24,062 24,866 3.3 Illinois........................ 33,024 34,704 5.1 Indiana......................... 27,635 29,107 5.3 Iowa............................ 24,803 26,035 5.0 Kansas.......................... 25,694 26,842 4.5 Kentucky........................ 25,577 26,689 4.3 Louisiana....................... 25,755 26,905 4.5 Maine........................... 24,899 25,875 3.9 Maryland........................ 31,763 33,306 4.9 Massachusetts................... 35,716 37,787 5.8 Michigan........................ 32,780 34,542 5.4 Minnesota....................... 30,231 32,073 6.1 Mississippi..................... 22,778 23,822 4.6 Missouri........................ 27,780 28,907 4.1 Montana......................... 21,946 22,644 3.2 Nebraska........................ 24,565 25,535 3.9 Nevada.......................... 28,672 30,201 5.3 New Hampshire................... 29,296 30,943 5.6 New Jersey...................... 37,514 (6) (6) New Mexico...................... 24,684 25,716 4.2 New York........................ 38,543 40,678 5.5 North Carolina.................. 26,684 28,107 5.3 North Dakota.................... 22,049 22,990 4.3 Ohio............................ 29,094 30,395 4.5 Oklahoma........................ 24,226 25,122 3.7 Oregon.......................... 28,411 29,542 4.0 Pennsylvania.................... 30,163 31,582 4.7 Puerto Rico..................... 16,949 17,902 5.6 Rhode Island.................... 28,662 30,148 5.2 South Carolina.................. 24,995 26,151 4.6 South Dakota.................... 21,648 22,754 5.1 Tennessee....................... 27,248 28,457 4.4 Texas........................... 29,699 31,512 6.1 Utah............................ 25,736 26,869 4.4 Vermont......................... 25,496 26,615 4.4 Virginia........................ 29,548 31,384 6.2 Washington...................... 30,769 33,076 7.5 West Virginia................... 24,716 25,269 2.2 Wisconsin....................... 27,337 28,542 4.4 Wyoming......................... 23,866 24,747 3.7 1 Includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 2 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 3 Data are preliminary. 4 Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar. 5 Totals for the United States were calculated using estimated data for New Jersey for the third and fourth quarters in 1998 and do not include data for Puerto Rico. 6 New Jersey data for 1998 are not available. Please see text for more information. Table 2. States(1) ranked by average annual pay for 1998, 1997 and 1998 pay levels, and percent change in pay for all covered workers(2) Average annual pay Percent State change, 1997-1998(4) 1997 1998(3) District of Columbia............ $46,761 $48,727 4.2 Connecticut..................... 38,941 40,915 5.1 New York........................ 38,543 40,678 5.5 Massachusetts................... 35,716 37,787 5.8 California...................... 33,525 35,349 5.4 Illinois........................ 33,024 34,704 5.1 Michigan........................ 32,780 34,542 5.4 Delaware........................ 32,188 33,996 5.6 Alaska.......................... 33,156 33,839 2.1 Maryland........................ 31,763 33,306 4.9 Washington...................... 30,769 33,076 7.5 Colorado........................ 30,066 32,246 7.3 Minnesota....................... 30,231 32,073 6.1 UNITED STATES(5)................ 30,353 31,908 5.1 Pennsylvania.................... 30,163 31,582 4.7 Texas........................... 29,699 31,512 6.1 Virginia........................ 29,548 31,384 6.2 New Hampshire................... 29,296 30,943 5.6 Georgia......................... 29,037 30,873 6.3 Ohio............................ 29,094 30,395 4.5 Nevada.......................... 28,672 30,201 5.3 Rhode Island.................... 28,662 30,148 5.2 Oregon.......................... 28,411 29,542 4.0 Arizona......................... 27,659 29,317 6.0 Indiana......................... 27,635 29,107 5.3 Hawaii.......................... 28,357 29,029 2.4 Missouri........................ 27,780 28,907 4.1 Wisconsin....................... 27,337 28,542 4.4 Tennessee....................... 27,248 28,457 4.4 Florida......................... 26,673 28,143 5.5 North Carolina.................. 26,684 28,107 5.3 Alabama......................... 26,139 27,035 3.4 Louisiana....................... 25,755 26,905 4.5 Utah............................ 25,736 26,869 4.4 Kansas.......................... 25,694 26,842 4.5 Kentucky........................ 25,577 26,689 4.3 Vermont......................... 25,496 26,615 4.4 South Carolina.................. 24,995 26,151 4.6 Iowa............................ 24,803 26,035 5.0 Maine........................... 24,899 25,875 3.9 New Mexico...................... 24,684 25,716 4.2 Nebraska........................ 24,565 25,535 3.9 West Virginia................... 24,716 25,269 2.2 Oklahoma........................ 24,226 25,122 3.7 Idaho........................... 24,062 24,866 3.3 Wyoming......................... 23,866 24,747 3.7 Arkansas........................ 23,277 24,422 4.9 Mississippi..................... 22,778 23,822 4.6 North Dakota.................... 22,049 22,990 4.3 South Dakota.................... 21,648 22,754 5.1 Montana......................... 21,946 22,644 3.2 Puerto Rico..................... 16,949 17,902 5.6 New Jersey...................... 37,514 (6) (6) 1 Includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 2 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 3 Data are preliminary. 4 Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar. 5 Totals for the United States were calculated using estimated data for New Jersey for the third and fourth quarters in 1998 and do not include data for Puerto Rico. 6 New Jersey data for 1998 are not available. Please see text for more information. Table 3. States(1) ranked by 1997 to 1998 growth in annual pay, 1997 and 1998 pay levels, and percent change in pay for all covered workers(2) Average annual pay Percent State change, 1997-1998(4) 1997 1998(3) Washington...................... $30,769 $33,076 7.5 Colorado........................ 30,066 32,246 7.3 Georgia......................... 29,037 30,873 6.3 Virginia........................ 29,548 31,384 6.2 Minnesota....................... 30,231 32,073 6.1 Texas........................... 29,699 31,512 6.1 Arizona......................... 27,659 29,317 6.0 Massachusetts................... 35,716 37,787 5.8 Delaware........................ 32,188 33,996 5.6 New Hampshire................... 29,296 30,943 5.6 Puerto Rico..................... 16,949 17,902 5.6 Florida......................... 26,673 28,143 5.5 New York........................ 38,543 40,678 5.5 California...................... 33,525 35,349 5.4 Michigan........................ 32,780 34,542 5.4 Indiana......................... 27,635 29,107 5.3 Nevada.......................... 28,672 30,201 5.3 North Carolina.................. 26,684 28,107 5.3 Rhode Island.................... 28,662 30,148 5.2 Connecticut..................... 38,941 40,915 5.1 Illinois........................ 33,024 34,704 5.1 South Dakota.................... 21,648 22,754 5.1 UNITED STATES(5)................ 30,353 31,908 5.1 Iowa............................ 24,803 26,035 5.0 Arkansas........................ 23,277 24,422 4.9 Maryland........................ 31,763 33,306 4.9 Pennsylvania.................... 30,163 31,582 4.7 Mississippi..................... 22,778 23,822 4.6 South Carolina.................. 24,995 26,151 4.6 Kansas.......................... 25,694 26,842 4.5 Louisiana....................... 25,755 26,905 4.5 Ohio............................ 29,094 30,395 4.5 Tennessee....................... 27,248 28,457 4.4 Utah............................ 25,736 26,869 4.4 Vermont......................... 25,496 26,615 4.4 Wisconsin....................... 27,337 28,542 4.4 Kentucky........................ 25,577 26,689 4.3 North Dakota.................... 22,049 22,990 4.3 District of Columbia............ 46,761 48,727 4.2 New Mexico...................... 24,684 25,716 4.2 Missouri........................ 27,780 28,907 4.1 Oregon.......................... 28,411 29,542 4.0 Maine........................... 24,899 25,875 3.9 Nebraska........................ 24,565 25,535 3.9 Oklahoma........................ 24,226 25,122 3.7 Wyoming......................... 23,866 24,747 3.7 Alabama......................... 26,139 27,035 3.4 Idaho........................... 24,062 24,866 3.3 Montana......................... 21,946 22,644 3.2 Hawaii.......................... 28,357 29,029 2.4 West Virginia................... 24,716 25,269 2.2 Alaska.......................... 33,156 33,839 2.1 New Jersey...................... 37,514 (6) (6) 1 Includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 2 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 3 Data are preliminary. 4 Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar. 5 Totals for the United States were calculated using estimated data for New Jersey for the third and fourth quarters in 1998 and do not include data for Puerto Rico. 6 New Jersey data for 1998 are not available. Please see text for more information. Table 4. State(1) and industry average annual pay for 1997 and 1998 and percent change in pay for all covered workers(2) Average annual pay Percent State change, 1997-1998(4) 1997 1998(3) United States(5) Private(6) Total................................................... 30,064 $31,722 5.5 Mining.................................................. 49,998 52,021 4.0 Construction............................................ 31,744 33,346 5.0 Manufacturing........................................... 38,306 40,040 4.5 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 37,658 39,301 4.4 Wholesale trade......................................... 39,449 41,759 5.9 Retail trade............................................ 15,878 16,794 5.8 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 44,884 48,597 8.3 Services................................................ 28,466 30,011 5.4 Government................................................ 31,916 32,931 3.2 Alabama Private(6) Total................................................... 25,601 26,499 3.5 Mining.................................................. 47,869 47,640 -0.5 Construction............................................ 25,820 26,793 3.8 Manufacturing........................................... 30,204 31,299 3.6 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 35,177 36,099 2.6 Wholesale trade......................................... 32,573 34,079 4.6 Retail trade............................................ 14,267 14,731 3.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 33,081 34,665 4.8 Services................................................ 25,118 26,048 3.7 Government................................................ 28,605 29,510 3.2 Alaska Private(6) Total................................................... 31,050 32,033 3.2 Mining.................................................. 80,243 79,611 -0.8 Construction............................................ 45,725 45,744 0.0 Manufacturing........................................... 29,809 31,235 4.8 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 40,752 41,277 1.3 Wholesale trade......................................... 34,588 36,402 5.2 Retail trade............................................ 18,420 19,051 3.4 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 32,631 34,041 4.3 Services................................................ 25,835 26,801 3.7 Government................................................ 39,180 39,114 -0.2 Arizona Private(6) Total................................................... 27,150 28,850 6.3 Mining.................................................. 45,720 45,850 0.3 Construction............................................ 27,884 29,380 5.4 Manufacturing........................................... 39,888 42,771 7.2 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 34,136 35,782 4.8 Wholesale trade......................................... 36,672 39,892 8.8 Retail trade............................................ 16,729 17,638 5.4 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 34,075 37,446 9.9 Services................................................ 25,307 26,711 5.5 Government................................................ 30,631 32,098 4.8 Arkansas Private(6) Total................................................... 22,853 24,086 5.4 Mining.................................................. 32,072 34,083 6.3 Construction............................................ 24,133 25,388 5.2 Manufacturing........................................... 26,019 27,206 4.6 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 31,114 32,705 5.1 Wholesale trade......................................... 29,725 31,264 5.2 Retail trade............................................ 14,611 15,849 8.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 29,831 32,021 7.3 Services................................................ 21,528 22,451 4.3 Government................................................ 25,531 26,215 2.7 California Private(6) Total................................................... 33,010 $34,841 5.5 Mining.................................................. 58,362 61,089 4.7 Construction............................................ 34,514 36,081 4.5 Manufacturing........................................... 42,512 44,720 5.2 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 40,227 41,391 2.9 Wholesale trade......................................... 40,886 43,532 6.5 Retail trade............................................ 18,073 19,326 6.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 47,028 51,895 10.3 Services................................................ 33,384 34,668 3.8 Government................................................ 36,341 38,228 5.2 Colorado Private(6) Total................................................... 29,773 32,210 8.2 Mining.................................................. 58,173 58,883 1.2 Construction............................................ 31,099 33,411 7.4 Manufacturing........................................... 38,698 41,074 6.1 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 42,033 46,149 9.8 Wholesale trade......................................... 40,332 43,224 7.2 Retail trade............................................ 16,360 17,193 5.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 38,035 42,336 11.3 Services................................................ 28,790 31,480 9.3 Government................................................ 31,688 32,456 2.4 Connecticut Private(6) Total................................................... 39,012 41,086 5.3 Mining.................................................. 49,546 51,577 4.1 Construction............................................ 39,950 41,139 3.0 Manufacturing........................................... 50,784 53,320 5.0 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 42,990 46,894 9.1 Wholesale trade......................................... 53,819 55,970 4.0 Retail trade............................................ 18,499 19,497 5.4 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 65,290 69,910 7.1 Services................................................ 34,004 35,438 4.2 Government................................................ 38,439 39,698 3.3 Delaware Private(6) Total................................................... 32,154 34,020 5.8 Mining.................................................. 33,202 33,477 0.8 Construction............................................ 32,723 33,543 2.5 Manufacturing........................................... 52,805 54,365 3.0 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 35,864 37,642 5.0 Wholesale trade......................................... 38,249 40,363 5.5 Retail trade............................................ 15,667 16,602 6.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 39,283 42,921 9.3 Services................................................ 27,473 29,526 7.5 Government................................................ 32,415 33,841 4.4 District of Columbia Private(6) Total................................................... 42,699 45,245 6.0 Mining.................................................. (7) (7) (7) Construction............................................ 36,836 38,950 5.7 Manufacturing........................................... 56,596 60,749 7.3 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 63,435 62,955 -0.8 Wholesale trade......................................... 56,201 57,886 3.0 Retail trade............................................ 17,132 17,928 4.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 62,953 70,096 11.3 Services................................................ 42,917 45,341 5.6 Government................................................ 53,256 54,661 2.6 Florida Private(6) Total................................................... 26,092 $27,585 5.7 Mining.................................................. 38,947 41,093 5.5 Construction............................................ 27,254 28,939 6.2 Manufacturing........................................... 33,491 35,331 5.5 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 33,910 35,245 3.9 Wholesale trade......................................... 36,792 38,690 5.2 Retail trade............................................ 16,294 17,143 5.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 37,867 40,680 7.4 Services................................................ 25,697 27,148 5.6 Government................................................ 30,106 31,534 4.7 Georgia Private(6) Total................................................... 29,205 31,141 6.6 Mining.................................................. 40,634 43,254 6.4 Construction............................................ 28,935 30,651 5.9 Manufacturing........................................... 32,232 34,107 5.8 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 41,865 43,821 4.7 Wholesale trade......................................... 42,077 45,408 7.9 Retail trade............................................ 15,538 16,547 6.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 41,554 45,425 9.3 Services................................................ 28,630 30,271 5.7 Government................................................ 28,152 29,433 4.6 Hawaii Private(6) Total................................................... 26,979 27,662 2.5 Mining.................................................. 50,176 51,198 2.0 Construction............................................ 42,312 43,554 2.9 Manufacturing........................................... 30,619 31,440 2.7 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 35,897 36,709 2.3 Wholesale trade......................................... 32,571 33,335 2.3 Retail trade............................................ 17,091 17,328 1.4 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 34,459 36,145 4.9 Services................................................ 26,991 27,679 2.5 Government................................................ 33,848 34,428 1.7 Idaho Private(6) Total................................................... 23,747 24,555 3.4 Mining.................................................. (7) (7) (7) Construction............................................ 26,581 27,177 2.2 Manufacturing........................................... 33,421 34,219 2.4 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 28,989 30,089 3.8 Wholesale trade......................................... 26,939 28,269 4.9 Retail trade............................................ 14,258 14,964 5.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 28,750 30,717 6.8 Services................................................ 22,946 23,625 3.0 Government................................................ 25,475 26,271 3.1 Illinois Private(6) Total................................................... 32,972 34,738 5.4 Mining.................................................. 45,813 47,300 3.2 Construction............................................ 39,767 41,806 5.1 Manufacturing........................................... 41,195 42,425 3.0 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 39,759 41,510 4.4 Wholesale trade......................................... 43,312 45,696 5.5 Retail trade............................................ 16,426 17,391 5.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 48,754 53,217 9.2 Services................................................ 29,901 31,609 5.7 Government................................................ 33,355 34,483 3.4 Indiana Private(6) Total................................................... $27,583 $29,139 5.6 Mining.................................................. 44,125 45,904 4.0 Construction............................................ 31,437 33,381 6.2 Manufacturing........................................... 38,095 40,140 5.4 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 32,892 34,433 4.7 Wholesale trade......................................... 34,799 36,826 5.8 Retail trade............................................ 13,983 14,703 5.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 32,451 35,678 9.9 Services................................................ 23,512 24,777 5.4 Government................................................ 27,979 28,892 3.3 Iowa Private(6) Total................................................... 24,353 25,629 5.2 Mining.................................................. 32,494 34,589 6.4 Construction............................................ 28,968 30,656 5.8 Manufacturing........................................... 33,501 34,476 2.9 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 30,273 31,993 5.7 Wholesale trade......................................... 31,159 32,677 4.9 Retail trade............................................ 12,868 13,634 6.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 33,238 36,098 8.6 Services................................................ 20,886 22,069 5.7 Government................................................ 27,212 28,263 3.9 Kansas Private(6) Total................................................... 25,810 27,021 4.7 Mining.................................................. 31,866 33,382 4.8 Construction............................................ 27,894 29,057 4.2 Manufacturing........................................... 34,311 35,422 3.2 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 34,280 36,066 5.2 Wholesale trade......................................... 35,236 37,530 6.5 Retail trade............................................ 14,099 14,738 4.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 32,127 34,294 6.7 Services................................................ 23,246 24,563 5.7 Government................................................ 25,168 25,997 3.3 Kentucky Private(6) Total................................................... 25,361 26,598 4.9 Mining.................................................. 41,133 42,021 2.2 Construction............................................ 26,808 28,215 5.2 Manufacturing........................................... 33,488 34,655 3.5 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 33,690 35,694 5.9 Wholesale trade......................................... 32,005 33,912 6.0 Retail trade............................................ 13,811 14,647 6.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 31,915 33,924 6.3 Services................................................ 22,878 24,030 5.0 Government................................................ 26,692 27,163 1.8 Louisiana Private(6) Total................................................... 25,928 27,103 4.5 Mining.................................................. 47,966 48,698 1.5 Construction............................................ 27,974 30,071 7.5 Manufacturing........................................... 36,836 38,475 4.4 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 34,055 35,263 3.5 Wholesale trade......................................... 31,869 33,559 5.3 Retail trade............................................ 13,629 14,285 4.8 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 30,873 33,208 7.6 Services................................................ 23,569 24,401 3.5 Government................................................ 25,019 26,053 4.1 Maine Private(6) Total................................................... 24,383 $25,448 4.4 Mining.................................................. 22,630 21,859 -3.4 Construction............................................ 27,075 28,577 5.5 Manufacturing........................................... 32,305 33,226 2.9 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 30,262 31,849 5.2 Wholesale trade......................................... 31,749 32,821 3.4 Retail trade............................................ 14,728 15,598 5.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 34,384 37,158 8.1 Services................................................ 22,873 23,830 4.2 Government................................................ 27,552 28,089 1.9 Maryland Private(6) Total................................................... 30,471 32,081 5.3 Mining.................................................. 37,405 42,415 13.4 Construction............................................ 32,731 34,773 6.2 Manufacturing........................................... 39,713 41,664 4.9 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 38,194 40,195 5.2 Wholesale trade......................................... 41,352 43,890 6.1 Retail trade............................................ 17,055 17,967 5.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 42,851 45,460 6.1 Services................................................ 30,964 32,362 4.5 Government................................................ 37,512 38,756 3.3 Massachusetts Private(6) Total................................................... 35,668 37,902 6.3 Mining.................................................. 38,419 41,217 7.3 Construction............................................ 39,556 41,863 5.8 Manufacturing........................................... 45,296 47,603 5.1 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 38,447 40,214 4.6 Wholesale trade......................................... 48,100 51,845 7.8 Retail trade............................................ 17,516 18,580 6.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 55,001 59,989 9.1 Services................................................ 34,517 36,600 6.0 Government................................................ 36,050 36,998 2.6 Michigan Private(6) Total................................................... 32,588 34,615 6.2 Mining.................................................. 41,649 42,562 2.2 Construction............................................ 35,488 38,148 7.5 Manufacturing........................................... 48,638 51,320 5.5 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 39,451 40,898 3.7 Wholesale trade......................................... 43,527 45,698 5.0 Retail trade............................................ 15,080 16,125 6.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 36,475 40,397 10.8 Services................................................ 27,640 29,479 6.7 Government................................................ 33,999 34,079 0.2 Minnesota Private(6) Total................................................... 30,095 32,010 6.4 Mining.................................................. 46,228 (7) (7) Construction............................................ 36,963 39,012 5.5 Manufacturing........................................... 39,239 40,949 4.4 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 37,359 39,379 5.4 Wholesale trade......................................... 41,758 44,174 5.8 Retail trade............................................ 15,260 16,659 9.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 42,962 46,634 8.5 Services................................................ 26,618 28,440 6.8 Government................................................ 31,087 32,479 4.5 Mississippi Private(6) Total................................................... 22,464 $23,553 4.8 Mining.................................................. (7) 36,794 (7) Construction............................................ 24,373 26,576 9.0 Manufacturing........................................... 25,592 26,720 4.4 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 32,323 32,961 2.0 Wholesale trade......................................... 29,636 31,461 6.2 Retail trade............................................ 13,336 14,003 5.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 28,155 30,162 7.1 Services................................................ 21,858 22,783 4.2 Government................................................ 24,106 24,965 3.6 Missouri Private(6) Total................................................... 27,779 28,993 4.4 Mining.................................................. 38,282 43,683 14.1 Construction............................................ 32,551 33,579 3.2 Manufacturing........................................... 36,608 37,215 1.7 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 35,333 36,952 4.6 Wholesale trade......................................... 36,244 37,953 4.7 Retail trade............................................ 14,702 15,434 5.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 35,635 38,365 7.7 Services................................................ 25,525 26,885 5.3 Government................................................ 27,783 28,416 2.3 Montana Private(6) Total................................................... 20,923 21,683 3.6 Mining.................................................. 44,165 43,750 -0.9 Construction............................................ 27,058 27,959 3.3 Manufacturing........................................... 28,064 31,217 11.2 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 29,663 30,105 1.5 Wholesale trade......................................... 27,349 28,014 2.4 Retail trade............................................ 12,924 13,405 3.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 27,091 28,899 6.7 Services................................................ 19,753 20,128 1.9 Government................................................ 26,128 26,652 2.0 Nebraska Private(6) Total................................................... 24,168 25,151 4.1 Mining.................................................. 29,300 31,027 5.9 Construction............................................ 27,654 29,214 5.6 Manufacturing........................................... 30,325 31,009 2.3 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 35,318 33,834 -4.2 Wholesale trade......................................... 29,137 30,754 5.5 Retail trade............................................ 13,188 13,799 4.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 31,525 33,118 5.1 Services................................................ 23,223 24,588 5.9 Government................................................ 26,447 27,420 3.7 Nevada Private(6) Total................................................... 27,854 29,376 5.5 Mining.................................................. 49,912 52,823 5.8 Construction............................................ 35,487 37,183 4.8 Manufacturing........................................... 33,064 34,978 5.8 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 32,507 33,477 3.0 Wholesale trade......................................... 36,393 38,378 5.5 Retail trade............................................ 18,191 19,089 4.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 34,027 37,081 9.0 Services................................................ 26,664 28,221 5.8 Government................................................ 34,823 36,328 4.3 New Hampshire Private(6) Total................................................... 29,338 $31,141 6.1 Mining.................................................. 34,149 36,197 6.0 Construction............................................ 32,467 35,071 8.0 Manufacturing........................................... 38,815 40,478 4.3 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 35,500 37,068 4.4 Wholesale trade......................................... 44,577 47,092 5.6 Retail trade............................................ 16,457 17,540 6.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 38,709 42,346 9.4 Services................................................ 27,073 28,809 6.4 Government................................................ 29,008 29,587 2.0 New Jersey(8) Private(6) Total................................................... 37,015 (8) (8) Mining.................................................. 49,992 (8) (8) Construction............................................ 40,098 (8) (8) Manufacturing........................................... 46,861 (8) (8) Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 45,070 (8) (8) Wholesale trade......................................... 48,100 (8) (8) Retail trade............................................ 18,910 (8) (8) Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 53,529 (8) (8) Services................................................ 34,501 (8) (8) Government................................................ 40,401 (8) (8) New Mexico Private(6) Total................................................... 23,622 24,697 4.6 Mining.................................................. 41,520 41,888 0.9 Construction............................................ 24,335 25,372 4.3 Manufacturing........................................... 32,364 34,092 5.3 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 31,622 33,024 4.4 Wholesale trade......................................... 29,612 31,148 5.2 Retail trade............................................ 14,429 15,113 4.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 28,276 30,442 7.7 Services................................................ 24,535 25,721 4.8 Government................................................ 28,482 29,411 3.3 New York Private(6) Total................................................... 38,678 41,111 6.3 Mining.................................................. 49,046 46,911 -4.4 Construction............................................ 37,965 40,138 5.7 Manufacturing........................................... 43,802 46,402 5.9 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 42,553 44,942 5.6 Wholesale trade......................................... 46,431 49,023 5.6 Retail trade............................................ 17,653 18,654 5.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 83,194 90,472 8.7 Services................................................ 32,855 34,687 5.6 Government................................................ 37,876 38,532 1.7 North Carolina Private(6) Total................................................... 26,509 27,953 5.4 Mining.................................................. 39,343 41,684 6.0 Construction............................................ 26,647 28,307 6.2 Manufacturing........................................... 31,141 32,378 4.0 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 36,183 38,003 5.0 Wholesale trade......................................... 36,056 37,869 5.0 Retail trade............................................ 15,030 15,970 6.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 38,179 41,650 9.1 Services................................................ 24,815 26,266 5.8 Government................................................ 27,646 28,944 4.7 North Dakota Private(6) Total................................................... 21,586 $22,570 4.6 Mining.................................................. 38,920 40,801 4.8 Construction............................................ 27,299 28,816 5.6 Manufacturing........................................... 27,415 29,086 6.1 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 31,268 33,092 5.8 Wholesale trade......................................... 28,327 29,867 5.4 Retail trade............................................ 12,431 12,851 3.4 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 26,881 28,131 4.7 Services................................................ 20,072 20,769 3.5 Government................................................ 24,149 24,929 3.2 Ohio Private(6) Total................................................... 28,763 30,130 4.8 Mining.................................................. 40,218 42,292 5.2 Construction............................................ 32,164 33,782 5.0 Manufacturing........................................... 40,371 41,649 3.2 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 34,776 36,284 4.3 Wholesale trade......................................... 38,431 40,548 5.5 Retail trade............................................ 14,719 15,648 6.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 35,433 38,283 8.0 Services................................................ 25,253 26,499 4.9 Government................................................ 31,216 32,113 2.9 Oklahoma Private(6) Total................................................... 23,920 24,871 4.0 Mining.................................................. 43,465 44,245 1.8 Construction............................................ 24,275 25,446 4.8 Manufacturing........................................... 31,362 32,673 4.2 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 33,667 35,004 4.0 Wholesale trade......................................... 30,146 31,737 5.3 Retail trade............................................ 13,466 14,049 4.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 28,875 29,990 3.9 Services................................................ 21,877 22,715 3.8 Government................................................ 25,470 26,173 2.8 Oregon Private(6) Total................................................... 27,866 29,046 4.2 Mining.................................................. 34,782 36,171 4.0 Construction............................................ 34,806 35,274 1.3 Manufacturing........................................... 37,079 38,750 4.5 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 34,752 35,714 2.8 Wholesale trade......................................... 38,835 39,855 2.6 Retail trade............................................ 16,516 17,459 5.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 34,882 36,963 6.0 Services................................................ 24,699 25,911 4.9 Government................................................ 31,524 32,363 2.7 Pennsylvania Private(6) Total................................................... 29,651 31,109 4.9 Mining.................................................. 42,169 43,956 4.2 Construction............................................ 33,404 34,826 4.3 Manufacturing........................................... 38,258 39,679 3.7 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 37,355 38,772 3.8 Wholesale trade......................................... 38,066 40,295 5.9 Retail trade............................................ 15,183 15,879 4.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 39,997 43,734 9.3 Services................................................ 28,111 29,483 4.9 Government................................................ 33,610 34,853 3.7 Puerto Rico Private(6) Total................................................... 16,269 $17,146 5.4 Mining.................................................. 16,311 15,976 -2.1 Construction............................................ 13,767 14,268 3.6 Manufacturing........................................... 21,036 22,475 6.8 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 19,948 21,296 6.8 Wholesale trade......................................... 23,246 24,619 5.9 Retail trade............................................ 11,003 11,524 4.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 22,823 23,696 3.8 Services................................................ 14,554 15,509 6.6 Government................................................ 18,538 19,724 6.4 Rhode Island Private(6) Total................................................... 27,482 28,977 5.4 Mining.................................................. 31,680 32,587 2.9 Construction............................................ 33,050 34,925 5.7 Manufacturing........................................... 33,362 34,676 3.9 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 33,695 35,211 4.5 Wholesale trade......................................... 37,688 39,483 4.8 Retail trade............................................ 15,445 16,391 6.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 37,961 41,790 10.1 Services................................................ 26,654 27,917 4.7 Government................................................ 36,062 37,633 4.4 South Carolina Private(6) Total................................................... 24,615 25,825 4.9 Mining.................................................. 36,014 37,749 4.8 Construction............................................ 26,621 27,598 3.7 Manufacturing........................................... 31,904 33,114 3.8 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 31,874 33,431 4.9 Wholesale trade......................................... 32,835 34,507 5.1 Retail trade............................................ 14,224 15,103 6.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 30,553 32,608 6.7 Services................................................ 22,698 24,001 5.7 Government................................................ 26,855 27,751 3.3 South Dakota Private(6) Total................................................... 21,083 22,280 5.7 Mining.................................................. 39,785 41,315 3.8 Construction............................................ 24,835 25,793 3.9 Manufacturing........................................... 26,489 29,081 9.8 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 27,802 28,799 3.6 Wholesale trade......................................... 26,771 28,144 5.1 Retail trade............................................ 12,522 13,057 4.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 26,320 28,012 6.4 Services................................................ 19,986 20,931 4.7 Government................................................ 24,469 25,146 2.8 Tennessee Private(6) Total................................................... 27,104 28,370 4.7 Mining.................................................. 43,638 46,574 6.7 Construction............................................ 29,260 30,416 4.0 Manufacturing........................................... 32,298 33,321 3.2 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 34,047 35,057 3.0 Wholesale trade......................................... 35,249 36,942 4.8 Retail trade............................................ 15,702 16,594 5.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 36,195 39,368 8.8 Services................................................ 25,810 27,094 5.0 Government................................................ 28,110 28,981 3.1 Texas Private(6) Total................................................... 30,110 $32,090 6.6 Mining.................................................. 60,668 64,660 6.6 Construction............................................ 29,875 31,511 5.5 Manufacturing........................................... 38,539 41,472 7.6 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 38,973 40,995 5.2 Wholesale trade......................................... 40,608 44,100 8.6 Retail trade............................................ 16,002 16,999 6.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 39,011 41,924 7.5 Services................................................ 28,086 29,692 5.7 Government................................................ 27,712 28,653 3.4 Utah Private(6) Total................................................... 25,314 26,487 4.6 Mining.................................................. 45,555 46,264 1.6 Construction............................................ 26,414 27,201 3.0 Manufacturing........................................... 31,514 32,491 3.1 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 33,960 34,624 2.0 Wholesale trade......................................... 33,360 35,775 7.2 Retail trade............................................ 15,130 15,781 4.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 31,779 34,487 8.5 Services................................................ 24,166 25,555 5.7 Government................................................ 27,828 28,779 3.4 Vermont Private(6) Total................................................... 25,012 26,202 4.8 Mining.................................................. 30,123 31,551 4.7 Construction............................................ 26,379 27,880 5.7 Manufacturing........................................... 34,526 35,925 4.1 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 31,610 33,890 7.2 Wholesale trade......................................... 31,656 32,998 4.2 Retail trade............................................ 14,539 15,189 4.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 33,834 35,852 6.0 Services................................................ 23,125 24,175 4.5 Government................................................ 28,053 28,828 2.8 Virginia Private(6) Total................................................... 28,848 30,917 7.2 Mining.................................................. 40,172 41,553 3.4 Construction............................................ 28,301 29,491 4.2 Manufacturing........................................... 33,484 34,815 4.0 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 39,592 43,797 10.6 Wholesale trade......................................... 40,562 43,008 6.0 Retail trade............................................ 15,374 16,308 6.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 38,900 42,391 9.0 Services................................................ 30,155 32,671 8.3 Government................................................ 32,706 33,525 2.5 Washington Private(6) Total................................................... 30,337 32,914 8.5 Mining.................................................. 44,219 42,952 -2.9 Construction............................................ 32,601 33,670 3.3 Manufacturing........................................... 40,722 42,268 3.8 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 38,601 40,315 4.4 Wholesale trade......................................... 36,682 39,033 6.4 Retail trade............................................ 16,808 17,913 6.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 37,418 40,721 8.8 Services................................................ 30,999 35,913 15.9 Government................................................ 32,830 33,865 3.2 West Virginia Private(6) Total................................................... 24,290 $24,915 2.6 Mining.................................................. 46,973 46,962 0.0 Construction............................................ 26,461 27,212 2.8 Manufacturing........................................... 33,975 34,792 2.4 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 33,672 35,163 4.4 Wholesale trade......................................... 30,268 31,072 2.7 Retail trade............................................ 12,839 13,463 4.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 25,497 26,715 4.8 Services................................................ 21,688 22,254 2.6 Government................................................ 26,466 26,726 1.0 Wisconsin Private(6) Total................................................... 26,880 28,128 4.6 Mining.................................................. 37,265 39,088 4.9 Construction............................................ 33,571 35,543 5.9 Manufacturing........................................... 35,506 36,408 2.5 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 31,292 32,833 4.9 Wholesale trade......................................... 34,595 36,501 5.5 Retail trade............................................ 13,492 14,320 6.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 34,250 36,335 6.1 Services................................................ 23,539 24,861 5.6 Government................................................ 30,349 31,281 3.1 Wyoming Private(6) Total................................................... 23,379 24,254 3.7 Mining.................................................. 47,059 47,674 1.3 Construction............................................ 25,522 26,853 5.2 Manufacturing........................................... 30,796 32,211 4.6 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 33,310 34,453 3.4 Wholesale trade......................................... 29,158 30,363 4.1 Retail trade............................................ 12,896 13,784 6.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 28,958 29,375 1.4 Services................................................ 18,709 19,408 3.7 Government................................................ 25,373 26,304 3.7 1 Includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 2 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 3 Data are preliminary. 4 Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar. 5 Totals for the United States were calculated using estimated data for New Jersey for the third and fourth quarters in 1998 and do not include data for Puerto Rico. 6 Includes data for industries in addition to those shown separately. 7 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. 8 New Jersey data for 1998 are not available. Please see text for more information.