Technical information: ( 202) 691-6567 USDL 02-625 http://www.bls.gov/cew/ For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, November 8, 2002 AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY IN METROPOLITAN AREAS, 2001 Average annual pay of employees in the nation's 318 metropolitan areas increased by 2.4 percent from 2000 to 2001, according to preliminary data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. The over-the-year gain was smaller than last year's gain of 6.1 percent and was the lowest increase since 1994. Annual pay in metropolitan areas averaged $37,897 in 2001, up from $37,017 in 2000. Average annual pay for the entire nation, metropolitan and nonmetropo- litan areas combined, was $36,214 in 2001, a 2.5 percent increase from 2000. (Average Annual Pay by State and Industry, 2001, was issued on September 24, 2002, in USDL 02-540.) Average annual pay data are compiled from reports submitted by employers subject to state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) laws covering 129.7 million full- and part-time jobs. Average annual pay is computed by dividing the total annual payrolls of employees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number of these employees. (See Technical Note.) Pay differences between areas reflect the varying composition of employment by occupation, industry, and hours of work, as well as other factors. Similarly, over-the-year pay changes may reflect shifts in these characteristics, as well as changes in the level of average pay. Table 1 of this release contains pay data for Metropolitan and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas within the United States and Puerto Rico; table 2 includes averages and rankings for the areas designated as Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas. (See Technical Note for definitions.) The data for the six metropolitan areas with- in Puerto Rico are not included in the averages for all metropolitan areas. Metropolitan and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas San Jose, Calif., retained its position as the metropolitan area with the highest average annual pay ($65,926), a position it has held since 1997. This area held this position despite experiencing the largest decline (-13.5 percent) in average annual pay among the 10 metropolitan areas with decreases in 2001. (See table 1.) Large declines in the information and manufacturing sectors contributed to this year's sharp decrease in San Jose. San Francisco, Calif., had the second highest average annual pay level ($59,761), followed by New York, N.Y. ($58,963), New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Waterbury-Danbury, Conn. ($52,177), and Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, N.J. ($49,830). Average pay levels in these five metropolitan areas ranged from 31 to 74 percent above the average for all metropolitan areas in the nation. Of the 318 metropolitan areas in the nation, 34 reported average annual pay levels above the national metropol- itan pay average of $37,897. Jacksonville, N.C., had the lowest average annual pay among metropolitan areas in 2001 ($21,393). The second lowest pay occurred in Brownsville- Harlingen-San Benito, Texas ($22,146), followed by McAllen-Edinburg- Mission, Texas ($22,317), Yuma, Ariz. ($22,482), and Myrtle Beach, S.C. ($24,012). While the order of rankings has differed in prior years, these five metropolitan areas have had the lowest average annual pay since 1996. (Comparisons exclude areas within Puerto Rico.) - 2 - The largest percentage increase in average annual pay from 2000 to 2001 occurred in Lafayette, La. (8.1 percent). The next largest increase occur- red in Dutchess County, N.Y. (7.4 percent). Four metropolitan areas reported 6.8 percent increases in average annual pay: Enid, Okla., Fresno, Calif., Odessa-Midland, Texas, and Pensacola, Fla. In 2001, 90 metropolitan areas experienced less than average growth in average annual pay. Of these, 6 metropolitan areas had growth of approxi- mately 1 percent and 13 metropolitan areas experienced growth of less than 1 percent; 1 metropolitan area reported no change in average annual pay. Two metropolitan areas reported declines of less than 1 percent in average annual pay, seven metropolitan areas reported declines of more than 1 percent but less than 10 percent, and one metropolitan area reported a decline of more than 10 percent. Comparison of Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas Average annual pay within the nation's nonmetropolitan areas rose by 3.3 percent in 2001, compared with 2.4 percent in metropolitan areas. This is the first time since 1994 that growth in total nonmetropolitan average annual pay outpaced that of metropolitan area average annual pay. (See Technical Note). Average annual pay in nonmetropolitan areas in 2001 was $28,190, up from $27,303 in 2000. In 2001, nonmetropolitan average annual pay was 26 percent less than metropolitan average annual pay, a difference of $9,707. This was approximately the same difference as in 2000. Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas Average annual pay for the nation's 18 Consolidated Metropolitan Sta- tistical Areas (CMSAs) rose by 1.8 percent from 2000 to 2001, from $42,641 to $43,424. (See table 2.) This was lower than the previous year's growth rate of 7.3 percent. The San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif., consolidated metropolitan area again had the highest pay level, $54,182. This CMSA has led the country in average annual pay among CMSAs since 1998. The second highest pay level was found in New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.- Conn.-Pa. ($51,121), followed by Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.-N.H. ($45,768), Washington-Baltimore, D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va. ($44,242), and Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, Wash. ($42,251). Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla., had the lowest average annual pay level ($34,304) of the consolidated metropolitan areas in the nation for the eighth consecutive year. Cleveland-Akron, Ohio, had the second lowest ($34,945), followed by Milwaukee-Racine, Wis. ($35,470), Cincinnati- Hamilton, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. ($35,561), and Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash. ($36,111). Among the consolidated metropolitan areas, the highest percentage increase in average annual pay from 2000 to 2001 was in Washington-Baltimore, D.C.- Md.-Va.-W.Va., at 5.0 percent. The next largest increases were in Houston- Galveston-Brazoria, Texas (4.4 percent), and Sacramento-Yolo, Calif. (4.1 per- cent). Three consolidated metropolitan areas reported increases in average annual pay of 3.0 percent: Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla., Milwaukee-Racine, Wis., and Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. - 3 - San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif., was the only consolidated metropo- litan area that reported a decline in average annual pay in 2001, falling by 4.2 percent. This was attributed to the decline in average annual pay for the San Jose, Calif., MSA. The smallest percentage increases occurred in Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich. (0.5 percent), Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, Wash. (0.6 percent), Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash. (0.7 percent), Denver-Boulder- Greeley, Colo. (1.6 percent), and Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.-N.H. (1.7 percent). Change in Industry Classification Systems Beginning with the release of data for 2001, publications presenting data from the Covered Employment and Wages program use the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry. NAICS is the product of a cooperative effort on the part of the statistical agencies of the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Due to differences in NAICS and SIC structures, industry data for 2001 are not comparable to the SIC-based data for earlier years. NAICS uses a production-oriented approach to categorize economic units. Units with similar production processes are classified in the same industry. NAICS focuses on how products and services are created, as opposed to the SIC focus on what is produced. This approach yields significantly different industry groupings than those produced by the SIC approach. Data users will be able to work with new NAICS industrial groupings that better reflect the workings of the U.S. economy. For example, a new industry sector called Information brings together units which turn information into a commodity with units which distribute that commodity. Information's major components are publishing, broadcasting, telecommuni- cations, information services, and data processing. Under the SIC system, these units were spread across the manufacturing, communications, business services, and amusement services groups. Another new sector of interest is Professional and technical services. This sector is comprised of establish- ments engaged in activities where human capital is the major input. Users interested in more information about NAICS can access the Bureau of Labor Statistics Web page at http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm and the U.S. Census Bureau Web site at http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html. The NAICS 2002 manual is available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Web page at http://www.ntis.gov. ---------------------------------------------------------------- | Average annual pay for 2001 and other data from the Covered | | Employment and Wages (CEW) program is available on the BLS Web | | site at http//: www.bls.gov/cew/. | --------------------------------------------------------------- - 4 - Technical Note These data are the product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Covered Employment and Wages, or the ES-202 program. The data are de- rived from summaries of employment and total pay of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) legislation and provided by State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs). The summaries are a byproduct of the admini- stration of state unemployment insurance programs that require most employers to pay quarterly taxes based on the employment and wages of workers covered by UI. Data for 2001 are preliminary and subject to revision. The 2000 data used to calculate the 2000-01 changes for individual metropolitan areas and consolidated metropolitan areas presented in this release were adjusted for changes in county classification to make them comparable to data for 2001. As a result, the adjusted 2000 data differ to some extent from the data avail- able from the BLS Web site. Coverage Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI laws and for federal civilian workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) program are compiled from quarterly contribution reports submitted to the SESAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly contribution reports, employers who operate multiple establishments within a state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report," which provides detailed information on the location and industry of each of their establishments. Average annual pay data included in this release are derived from microdata summaries of 8.0 million employer reports of employment and wages submitted by states to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. These reports are based on place of employment rather than place of residence. UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to state. In 2001, UI and UCFE programs covered workers in 129.7 million jobs. The estimated 124.8 million workers in these jobs (after adjust- ment for multiple jobholders) represented 99.7 percent of wage and salary civilian employment. Multiple jobholder estimates are produced by the Current Population Survey. Covered workers received $4.695 trillion in pay, representing 94.8 percent of the wage and salary component of person- al income and 46.6 percent of the gross domestic product. About 83 percent of all covered workers were employed in metropolitan areas. Total wages of workers in metropolitan areas comprised approximately 87 percent of all covered wages in the United States. Major exclusions from UI coverage during 2001, are self-employed workers, most agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces, elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of certain small non- profit organizations. - 5 - Concepts and methodology Average annual pay was computed by dividing total annual pay of em- ployees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number of these em- ployees. In addition to salaries, average annual pay data include bonuses, the cash value of meals and lodging when supplied, tips and other gratuities, and, in some states, employer contributions to certain deferred compensation plans, such as 401(k) plans and stock options. Monthly employment is based on the number of workers who worked during or received pay for the pay period including the 12th of the month. With few exceptions, all employees of co- vered firms are reported, including production and sales workers, corporation officials, executives, supervisory personnel, and clerical workers. Workers on paid vacation and part-time workers are also included. Percent changes in average annual pay were computed using preliminary North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)-based 2000 data as the base. These preliminary NAICS-based 2000 data will differ from the SIC-based 2000 data previously pub- lished. Average annual pay is affected by the ratio of full-time to part-time workers as well as the number of individuals in high-paying and low-paying occupations. When comparing average annual pay levels among metropolitan areas, these factors should be taken into consideration. Annual pay data only approximate annual earnings because an individual may not be employed by the same employer all year or may work for more than one employer. Also, year-to-year changes in average annual pay can result from a change in the proportion of employment in high- and low-wage jobs, as well as from changes in the level of average annual pay. In order to insure the highest possible quality of data, SESAs verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry, location, and own- ership classifications of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment classification codes resulting from the verification process are introduced with the data reported for the first quarter of the year. Changes resulting from improved employer reporting also are intro- duced in the first quarter. For these reasons, some data, especially at more detailed geographic levels, may not be strictly comparable with earlier years. The combined metropolitan area totals and the consolidated metropoli- tan areas totals provided in tables 1 and 2, respectively, have not been adjusted for changes in county classifications or changes in Metropolitan Statistical Area or Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area definitions. Individual metropolitan areas and consolidated metropolitan areas, however, have been adjusted for county reclassifications. Historical metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area data presented in this release have not been ad- justed for changes in noneconomic county reclassifications or changes in metropolitan area definitions. Metropolitan area redefinitions can cause substantial changes in employment and wage data between years. For example, in 1993, widespread metropolitan area definitions which incorporated the 1990 Census were introduced, resulting in a sharp decline in employment and wages in nonmetropolitan areas. The all metropolitan area totals increased corre- spondingly due to these redefinitions. Changes in metropolitan area defini- tions have a larger impact on over-the-year changes for the all nonmetropo- litan area totals than the all metropolitan areas. This is because the non- metropolitan area total is significantly smaller in size than the all metro- politan area component and is more sensitive to changes in definitions. - 6 - The comparison of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area pay growth in this release reflects recalculations of historical average annual pay. As a result, pay growth figures in some years differ from earlier releases. Previously, average annual pay calculations for the all metropolitan area total and the nonmetropolitan area total may have included adjustments for changes in Metropolitan Statistical Area definitions and/or county reclassifications. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines metropolitan areas for use in federal statistical activities and updates these definitions, as needed, each summer. Data in this release use metropolitan area criteria established by OMB in definitions issued June 30, 1999, (OMB Bulletin No. 99-04). These definitions reflect information obtained from the 1990 Decennial Census and the 1998 U.S. Census Bureau population estimate. Metropolitan Statistical Area definitions are typically redefined on a yearly basis. A complete list of metropolitan area definitions is avail- able from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Document Sales, 5205 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22161, telephone 1-800-553-6847. Generally speaking, a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is a free- standing urban area that meets a specified size criteria. Primary Metro- politan Statistical Areas (PMSAs) are freestanding areas within very large MSAs. Once an area is identified as a PMSA, the term MSA no longer is used to describe the area. The large metropolitan area that is the sum of the PMSAs is called a Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA). The set of areas known as MSAs, PMSAs, and CMSAs are collectively designated and referred to as metropolitan areas. Nonmetropolitan areas include counties which do not fall within defined metropolitan areas. Covered employment and wage data include establishments classified as foreign locations, out-of-state locations, and unknown locations in nonmetropolitan areas. Current metropolitan area definitions are based on standards published in the Federal Register on March 30, 1990, (55 FR12154-12160). Under the 1990 standards, an area qualifies for recognition as an MSA in one of two ways: (1) if it includes a city of at least 50,000 population, or (2) if it includes a U.S. Census Bureau-defined urbanized area (of at least 50,000 population) and has a total metropolitan population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New England). In addition to the county(ies) containing the main city or urbanized area, an MSA may include additional counties that have strong economic and social ties to the central county(ies) and meet other specified requirements of metropolitan character. The ties are determined chiefly by census data on commuting to work. An MSA may con- tain more than one city of 50,000 population and may cross state lines. An area that meets these requirements for recognition as an MSA but also has a total population of one million or more may be recognized as a CMSA if: (1) separate component areas can be identified within the entire area by meet- ing specified statistical criteria, and (2) local opinion indicates there is support for the component areas. If recognized, the component areas are designated PMSAs, and the entire area becomes a CMSA. If no PMSAs are recog- nized, the entire area is an MSA. - 7 - OMB defines metropolitan areas in terms of entire counties, except in the six New England states where they are defined in terms of cities and towns. New England data in this news release, however, are based on a county concept defined by OMB as New England County Metropolitan Areas (NECMAs) because county-level data are the most detailed available from the Covered Employment and Wages program. NECMAs are county-based alternatives to the city- and town-based metropolitan areas in New England. The NECMA for an MSA or CMSA includes: (1) the county containing the first-named city in that MSA/CMSA title (this county may include the first-named cities of other MSAs/CMSAs), and (2) each additional county having at least half its population in the MSA(s)/CMSA(s) whose first-named cities are in the county identified in step 1. The NECMAs are officially defined areas that are meant to be used by statistical programs that can not, or choose not to, use the regular metropolitan area definitions in New England. However, the NECMA definitions do not include official definitions that correspond to the CMSA concept. Therefore, there are no explicit definitions that correspond to the Boston CMSA or the New York CMSA. Table 2 of this news release includes data for the New York CMSA that includes the New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury-Waterbury, Conn. NECMA. Table 2 also includes the Boston-Brockton-Nashua, Mass.-N.H. NECMA, as that area serves as a NECMA for the Boston, Mass.-N.H. PMSA and the Boston- Worchester-Lawrence, Mass.-N.H.-Me.-Conn. CMSA. Additional statistics and other information The 2001 news release for average annual pay by state and industry was issued on September 24, 2002, (USDL 02-540), and employment and average annual pay for large counties will be issued in late November 2002. An annual bulletin, Employment and Wages, features comprehensive information by detailed industry on establishments, employment, and wages for the nation and all states. Employment and Wages Annual Averages, 2001 will be available for sale in late 2002 from the BLS Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Illinois 60690. Average annual employment and pay data by state and county are avail- able upon request from the Division of Administrative Statistics and Labor Turnover, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20212, telephone 202-691-6567 (e-mail: CEWInfo@bls.gov). Also available from BLS is a news release of first quarter 2002 employment and wage data at the national industry subsector level (USDL 02-591, October 16, 2002). First quarter 2002 data at the state total level will be available on the BLS Web site on November 22. Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Table 1. Average annual pay for 2000 and 2001 for all covered workers(1) by metropolitan area Average annual pay(3) Ranking of areas by Metropolitan area(2) level of Percent average 2000(4) 2001 change, annual pay 2000-01 for 2001 Metropolitan areas(5)............................... $37,017 $37,897 2.4 - Abilene, TX........................................... 24,486 25,136 2.7 302 Akron, OH............................................. 32,204 32,920 2.2 94 Albany, GA............................................ 27,719 28,881 4.2 203 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY........................... 33,822 35,359 4.5 60 Albuquerque, NM....................................... 30,409 31,658 4.1 123 Alexandria, LA........................................ 24,953 26,290 5.4 275 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA........................ 33,054 33,568 1.6 82 Altoona, PA........................................... 26,311 26,871 2.1 264 Amarillo, TX.......................................... 26,395 27,421 3.9 253 Anchorage, AK......................................... 36,659 37,826 3.2 35 Ann Arbor, MI......................................... 37,455 37,546 0.2 38 Anniston, AL.......................................... 25,270 26,488 4.8 272 Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI........................... 31,789 32,661 2.7 99 Asheville, NC......................................... 27,519 28,524 3.7 213 Athens, GA............................................ 27,651 28,955 4.7 200 Atlanta, GA........................................... 39,734 40,535 2.0 25 Atlantic-Cape May, NJ................................. 29,957 31,184 4.1 139 Auburn-Opelika, AL.................................... 24,811 25,748 3.8 288 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................................. 29,700 30,595 3.0 156 Austin-San Marcos, TX................................. 40,998 40,826 -0.4 24 Bakersfield, CA....................................... 28,585 30,120 5.4 167 Baltimore, MD......................................... 35,577 37,493 5.4 39 Bangor, ME............................................ 26,774 27,850 4.0 238 Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA............................... 29,706 31,020 4.4 144 Baton Rouge, LA....................................... 29,292 30,297 3.4 165 Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX.............................. 30,708 31,792 3.5 118 Bellingham, WA........................................ 26,292 27,771 5.6 242 Benton Harbor, MI..................................... 30,915 31,167 0.8 140 Bergen-Passaic, NJ.................................... 43,879 44,667 1.8 13 Billings, MT.......................................... 26,763 27,893 4.2 235 Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, MS........................ 27,640 28,343 2.5 219 Binghamton, NY........................................ 30,263 31,207 3.1 138 Birmingham, AL........................................ 33,283 34,518 3.7 70 Bismarck, ND.......................................... 25,819 27,113 5.0 259 Bloomington, IN....................................... 27,397 28,009 2.2 230 Bloomington-Normal, IL................................ 34,254 35,106 2.5 62 Boise City, ID........................................ 32,466 31,615 -2.6 124 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA-NH...... 45,021 45,768 1.7 10 Boulder-Longmont, CO.................................. 45,564 44,313 -2.7 14 Brazoria, TX.......................................... 34,367 35,655 3.7 55 Bremerton, WA......................................... 30,560 31,518 3.1 128 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX.................. 21,553 22,146 2.8 316 Bryan-College Station, TX............................. 24,615 25,755 4.6 287 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............................. 31,434 32,049 2.0 112 Burlington, VT........................................ 33,105 34,341 3.7 72 Canton-Massillon, OH.................................. 28,358 29,019 2.3 197 Casper, WY............................................ 29,183 28,248 -3.2 223 Cedar Rapids, IA...................................... 34,097 34,672 1.7 67 Champaign-Urbana, IL.................................. 29,183 30,491 4.5 161 Charleston-North Charleston, SC....................... 27,650 28,888 4.5 202 Charleston, WV........................................ 30,116 31,513 4.6 129 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC................... 36,103 37,277 3.3 40 Charlottesville, VA................................... 30,979 32,418 4.6 103 Chattanooga, TN-GA.................................... 29,333 29,962 2.1 169 Cheyenne, WY.......................................... 25,923 27,539 6.2 250 Chicago, IL........................................... 41,527 42,646 2.7 18 Chico-Paradise, CA.................................... 25,152 26,490 5.3 270 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN.................................. 35,052 36,042 2.8 47 Clarksville-Hopkinsville, TN-KY....................... 24,967 25,562 2.4 292 Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH........................... 34,670 35,513 2.4 56 Colorado Springs, CO.................................. 33,039 34,381 4.1 71 Columbia, MO.......................................... 27,363 28,490 4.1 214 Columbia, SC.......................................... 29,027 29,903 3.0 173 Columbus, GA-AL....................................... 26,980 28,406 5.3 216 Columbus, OH.......................................... 33,918 35,027 3.3 63 Corpus Christi, TX.................................... 28,182 29,358 4.2 186 Corvallis, OR......................................... 35,355 35,499 0.4 58 Cumberland, MD-WV..................................... 24,532 25,504 4.0 295 Dallas, TX............................................ 42,095 42,692 1.4 17 Danville, VA.......................................... 25,168 25,449 1.1 297 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL................... 30,496 31,291 2.6 134 Dayton-Springfield, OH................................ 33,180 33,620 1.3 80 Daytona Beach, FL..................................... 24,927 25,980 4.2 282 Decatur, AL........................................... 29,441 30,882 4.9 146 Decatur, IL........................................... 32,643 33,337 2.1 87 Denver, CO............................................ 41,401 42,348 2.3 20 Des Moines, IA........................................ 33,082 34,303 3.7 74 Detroit, MI........................................... 42,321 42,613 0.7 19 Dothan, AL............................................ 27,258 28,041 2.9 229 Dover, DE............................................. 27,055 27,751 2.6 244 Dubuque, IA........................................... 27,330 28,403 3.9 217 Duluth-Superior, MN-WI................................ 28,254 29,409 4.1 184 Dutchess County, NY................................... 36,065 38,744 7.4 30 Eau Claire, WI........................................ 26,624 27,679 4.0 247 El Paso, TX........................................... 25,070 25,836 3.1 286 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................................... 30,349 30,797 1.5 151 Elmira, NY............................................ 27,658 28,668 3.7 210 Enid, OK.............................................. 23,253 24,836 6.8 304 Erie, PA.............................................. 28,368 29,290 3.3 190 Eugene-Springfield, OR................................ 27,877 28,976 3.9 198 Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY........................... 29,932 31,045 3.7 143 Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN................................. 27,031 27,890 3.2 236 Fayetteville, NC...................................... 26,112 26,993 3.4 262 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR.................... 28,957 29,909 3.3 172 Flagstaff, AZ-UT...................................... 24,648 25,838 4.8 285 Flint, MI............................................. 36,327 36,030 -0.8 48 Florence, AL.......................................... 25,133 25,648 2.0 290 Florence, SC.......................................... 27,521 28,797 4.6 207 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............................. 32,394 33,249 2.6 90 Fort Lauderdale, FL................................... 33,234 33,964 2.2 77 Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL............................. 28,148 29,397 4.4 185 Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, FL........................ 26,994 27,722 2.7 246 Fort Smith, AR-OK..................................... 25,935 26,744 3.1 266 Fort Walton Beach, FL................................. 25,253 26,148 3.5 278 Fort Wayne, IN........................................ 30,863 31,395 1.7 133 Fort Worth-Arlington, TX.............................. 34,588 36,382 5.2 44 Fresno, CA............................................ 25,916 27,666 6.8 248 Gadsden, AL........................................... 25,267 25,728 1.8 289 Gainesville, FL....................................... 26,155 26,915 2.9 263 Galveston-Texas City, TX.............................. 29,522 31,067 5.2 142 Gary, IN.............................................. 31,505 31,948 1.4 114 Glens Falls, NY....................................... 27,422 27,813 1.4 239 Goldsboro, NC......................................... 24,551 25,393 3.4 299 Grand Forks, ND-MN.................................... 24,273 24,955 2.8 303 Grand Junction, CO.................................... 26,226 27,422 4.6 252 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..................... 32,983 33,437 1.4 83 Great Falls, MT....................................... 23,877 24,211 1.4 310 Greeley, CO........................................... 29,276 30,064 2.7 168 Green Bay, WI......................................... 31,538 32,500 3.1 101 Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point, NC............. 30,919 31,733 2.6 120 Greenville, NC........................................ 27,716 28,291 2.1 221 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC................... 29,762 30,941 4.0 145 Hagerstown, MD........................................ 28,414 29,022 2.1 196 Hamilton-Middletown, OH............................... 31,502 32,325 2.6 106 Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA....................... 32,345 33,408 3.3 84 Hartford, CT.......................................... 42,421 43,882 3.4 15 Hattiesburg, MS....................................... 24,301 25,145 3.5 301 Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......................... 26,845 27,343 1.9 255 Honolulu, HI.......................................... 31,874 32,527 2.0 100 Houma, LA............................................. 28,363 (6) (6) (6) Houston, TX........................................... 40,996 42,782 4.4 16 Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH.......................... 26,421 27,462 3.9 251 Huntsville, AL........................................ 35,659 36,709 2.9 43 Indianapolis, IN...................................... 34,906 35,985 3.1 49 Iowa City, IA......................................... 30,206 31,667 4.8 122 Jackson, MI........................................... 31,735 32,459 2.3 102 Jackson, MS........................................... 29,220 29,804 2.0 176 Jackson, TN........................................... 28,671 29,420 2.6 182 Jacksonville, FL...................................... 31,469 32,402 3.0 104 Jacksonville, NC...................................... 21,057 21,393 1.6 317 Jamestown, NY......................................... 25,418 25,920 2.0 284 Janesville-Beloit, WI................................. 31,141 31,479 1.1 132 Jersey City, NJ....................................... 47,429 47,621 0.4 7 Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA................. 27,253 28,539 4.7 212 Johnstown, PA......................................... 24,348 25,571 5.0 291 Jonesboro, AR......................................... 25,106 25,340 0.9 300 Joplin, MO............................................ 25,023 26,006 3.9 280 Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, MI............................ 32,059 32,923 2.7 93 Kankakee, IL.......................................... 28,490 29,106 2.2 193 Kansas City, MO-KS.................................... 34,989 35,795 2.3 53 Kenosha, WI........................................... 31,373 31,584 0.7 125 Killeen-Temple, TX.................................... 24,909 26,192 5.2 276 Knoxville, TN......................................... 29,516 30,411 3.0 162 Kokomo, IN............................................ 40,281 39,599 -1.7 29 La Crosse, WI-MN...................................... 26,832 27,777 3.5 241 Lafayette, LA......................................... 27,459 29,690 8.1 178 Lafayette, IN......................................... 30,546 31,481 3.1 131 Lake Charles, LA...................................... 28,226 29,750 5.4 177 Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL............................. 27,881 28,803 3.3 206 Lancaster, PA......................................... 30,809 31,486 2.2 130 Lansing-East Lansing, MI.............................. 33,892 34,749 2.5 66 Laredo, TX............................................ 23,563 24,128 2.4 312 Las Cruces, NM........................................ 23,602 24,299 3.0 309 Las Vegas, NV-AZ...................................... 31,647 32,240 1.9 110 Lawrence, KS.......................................... 24,975 25,938 3.9 283 Lawton, OK............................................ 23,844 24,825 4.1 305 Lewiston-Auburn, ME................................... 26,193 27,092 3.4 261 Lexington, KY......................................... 30,389 31,575 3.9 126 Lima, OH.............................................. 28,817 29,644 2.9 180 Lincoln, NE........................................... 28,511 29,353 3.0 187 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR..................... 29,646 30,853 4.1 147 Longview-Marshall, TX................................. 26,700 27,967 4.7 231 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA............................ 39,671 40,907 3.1 22 Louisville, KY-IN..................................... 31,782 33,052 4.0 91 Lubbock, TX........................................... 26,297 26,581 1.1 268 Lynchburg, VA......................................... 27,674 28,857 4.3 204 Macon, GA............................................. 29,521 30,572 3.6 157 Madison, WI........................................... 32,817 34,107 3.9 76 Mansfield, OH......................................... 28,192 28,809 2.2 205 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX.......................... 21,695 22,317 2.9 315 Medford-Ashland, OR................................... 26,568 27,219 2.5 258 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..................... 32,101 32,786 2.1 97 Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................................... 33,254 34,575 4.0 68 Merced, CA............................................ 24,842 25,452 2.5 296 Miami, FL............................................. 33,333 34,531 3.6 69 Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ...................... 48,987 49,830 1.7 5 Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI................................ 34,605 35,670 3.1 54 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........................... 39,521 40,866 3.4 23 Missoula, MT.......................................... 25,292 26,180 3.5 277 Mobile, AL............................................ 27,293 28,120 3.0 226 Modesto, CA........................................... 28,221 29,523 4.6 181 Monmouth-Ocean, NJ.................................... 36,404 37,037 1.7 42 Monroe, LA............................................ 25,731 26,565 3.2 269 Montgomery, AL........................................ 28,148 29,124 3.5 191 Muncie, IN............................................ 28,069 28,376 1.1 218 Myrtle Beach, SC...................................... 22,883 24,012 4.9 313 Naples, FL............................................ 29,962 30,842 2.9 148 Nashville, TN......................................... 33,259 33,909 2.0 79 Nassau-Suffolk, NY.................................... 38,958 39,649 1.8 28 New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Waterbury-Danbury, CT... 50,596 52,177 3.1 4 New London-Norwich, CT................................ 36,757 38,201 3.9 33 New Orleans, LA....................................... 29,861 31,102 4.2 141 New York, NY.......................................... 57,213 58,963 3.1 3 Newark, NJ............................................ 48,656 47,713 -1.9 6 Newburgh, NY-PA....................................... 28,949 29,833 3.1 175 Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC............ 28,292 29,870 5.6 174 Oakland, CA........................................... 44,207 45,944 3.9 9 Ocala, FL............................................. 24,953 25,993 4.2 281 Odessa-Midland, TX.................................... 29,286 31,281 6.8 135 Oklahoma City, OK..................................... 28,292 28,920 2.2 201 Olympia, WA........................................... 31,737 32,766 3.2 98 Omaha, NE-IA.......................................... 31,287 31,846 1.8 117 Orange County, CA..................................... 39,243 40,280 2.6 26 Orlando, FL........................................... 30,178 31,275 3.6 136 Owensboro, KY......................................... 25,914 27,300 5.3 257 Panama City, FL....................................... 25,041 26,431 5.6 273 Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH........................... 27,344 27,937 2.2 233 Pensacola, FL......................................... 26,264 28,062 6.8 228 Peoria-Pekin, IL...................................... 32,067 33,290 3.8 89 Philadelphia, PA-NJ................................... 39,226 40,222 2.5 27 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................................... 34,925 35,507 1.7 57 Pine Bluff, AR........................................ 26,399 27,554 4.4 249 Pittsburgh, PA........................................ 33,811 35,021 3.6 65 Pittsfield, MA........................................ 31,134 31,560 1.4 127 Pocatello, ID......................................... 24,023 24,620 2.5 307 Portland, ME.......................................... 30,752 32,327 5.1 105 Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA............................. 37,077 37,268 0.5 41 Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, RI...................... 32,421 33,390 3.0 85 Provo-Orem, UT........................................ 27,890 28,275 1.4 222 Pueblo, CO............................................ 25,492 27,098 6.3 260 Punta Gorda, FL....................................... 24,743 25,400 2.7 298 Racine, WI............................................ 32,536 33,314 2.4 88 Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC........................ 37,829 38,681 2.3 31 Rapid City, SD........................................ 24,341 25,508 4.8 294 Reading, PA........................................... 32,007 32,810 2.5 95 Redding, CA........................................... 26,969 28,094 4.2 227 Reno, NV.............................................. 32,749 34,230 4.5 75 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......................... 31,545 33,374 5.8 86 Richmond-Petersburg, VA............................... 34,481 35,872 4.0 52 Riverside-San Bernardino, CA.......................... 29,552 30,527 3.3 159 Roanoke, VA........................................... 29,247 30,333 3.7 164 Rochester, MN......................................... 36,106 37,753 4.6 37 Rochester, NY......................................... 33,183 34,334 3.5 73 Rockford, IL.......................................... 31,934 32,097 0.5 111 Rocky Mount, NC....................................... 27,725 28,772 3.8 209 Sacramento, CA........................................ 36,595 38,022 3.9 34 Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI.......................... 35,329 35,470 0.4 59 St. Cloud, MN......................................... 27,408 28,247 3.1 224 St. Joseph, MO........................................ 27,176 27,726 2.0 245 St. Louis, MO-IL...................................... 34,909 35,932 2.9 51 Salem, OR............................................. 27,696 28,331 2.3 220 Salinas, CA........................................... 29,973 31,743 5.9 119 Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT.............................. 30,970 31,955 3.2 113 San Angelo, TX........................................ 25,376 26,147 3.0 279 San Antonio, TX....................................... 29,549 30,638 3.7 155 San Diego, CA......................................... 37,546 38,424 2.3 32 San Francisco, CA..................................... 59,288 59,761 0.8 2 San Jose, CA.......................................... 76,252 65,926 -13.5 1 San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, CA............ 28,107 29,076 3.4 194 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA.................. 32,568 33,609 3.2 81 Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA............................ 35,825 35,023 -2.2 64 Santa Fe, NM.......................................... 29,065 30,670 5.5 154 Santa Rosa, CA........................................ 35,742 36,150 1.1 45 Sarasota-Bradenton, FL................................ 27,155 27,957 3.0 232 Savannah, GA.......................................... 29,267 30,152 3.0 166 Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA.................. 27,762 28,639 3.2 211 Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA.......................... 45,344 45,326 0.0 12 Sharon, PA............................................ 26,060 26,735 2.6 267 Sheboygan, WI......................................... 30,552 30,840 0.9 149 Sherman-Denison, TX................................... 29,681 30,397 2.4 163 Shreveport-Bossier City, LA........................... 27,133 27,895 2.8 234 Sioux City, IA-NE..................................... 26,201 26,755 2.1 265 Sioux Falls, SD....................................... 27,965 28,961 3.6 199 South Bend, IN........................................ 29,657 30,773 3.8 152 Spokane, WA........................................... 29,768 29,323 -1.5 188 Springfield, IL....................................... 34,563 36,068 4.4 46 Springfield, MO....................................... 26,315 27,344 3.9 254 Springfield, MA....................................... 31,621 32,802 3.7 96 State College, PA..................................... 29,067 29,939 3.0 170 Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV........................... 28,453 28,484 0.1 215 Stockton-Lodi, CA..................................... 29,264 30,816 5.3 150 Sumter, SC............................................ 23,591 24,461 3.7 308 Syracuse, NY.......................................... 31,384 32,277 2.8 108 Tacoma, WA............................................ 29,869 31,255 4.6 137 Tallahassee, FL....................................... 28,681 29,688 3.5 179 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL................... 30,817 31,674 2.8 121 Terre Haute, IN....................................... 26,860 27,328 1.7 256 Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR........................... 25,981 26,489 2.0 271 Toledo, OH............................................ 31,613 32,300 2.2 107 Topeka, KS............................................ 29,375 30,503 3.8 160 Trenton, NJ........................................... 44,657 45,746 2.4 11 Tucson, AZ............................................ 29,194 30,696 5.1 153 Tulsa, OK............................................. 30,400 31,913 5.0 116 Tuscaloosa, AL........................................ 29,064 29,921 2.9 171 Tyler, TX............................................. 29,509 30,540 3.5 158 Utica-Rome, NY........................................ 26,726 27,760 3.9 243 Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA............................ 32,156 33,946 5.6 78 Ventura, CA........................................... 37,090 37,795 1.9 36 Victoria, TX.......................................... 27,612 29,069 5.3 195 Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ...................... 31,717 32,260 1.7 109 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........................ 23,743 24,706 4.1 306 Waco, TX.............................................. 27,034 28,242 4.5 225 Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV............................... 45,374 47,584 4.9 8 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA.............................. 27,850 29,113 4.5 192 Wausau, WI............................................ 28,869 29,417 1.9 183 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL........................ 35,233 35,962 2.1 50 Wheeling, WV-OH....................................... 25,162 26,294 4.5 274 Wichita, KS........................................... 31,731 32,979 3.9 92 Wichita Falls, TX..................................... 24,589 25,557 3.9 293 Williamsport, PA...................................... 26,906 27,874 3.6 237 Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD.............................. 39,670 42,190 6.4 21 Wilmington, NC........................................ 28,092 29,296 4.3 189 Yakima, WA............................................ 23,244 24,188 4.1 311 Yolo, CA.............................................. 33,451 35,318 5.6 61 York, PA.............................................. 30,926 31,937 3.3 115 Youngstown-Warren, OH................................. 28,479 28,783 1.1 208 Yuba City, CA......................................... 26,180 27,805 6.2 240 Yuma, AZ.............................................. 21,492 22,482 4.6 314 Aguadilla, PR......................................... 17,397 18,060 3.8 320 Arecibo, PR........................................... 15,720 16,582 5.5 323 Caguas, PR............................................ 17,790 18,651 4.8 319 Mayaguez, PR.......................................... 16,063 17,122 6.6 322 Ponce, PR............................................. 16,565 17,406 5.1 321 San Juan-Bayamon, PR.................................. 20,028 20,943 4.6 318 1 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 2 Includes data for Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSA) as defined by OMB Bulletin No. 99-04. In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) definitions were used. See Technical Note. 3 Data are preliminary. Each year's total is based on the MSA definition for the specific year. Annual changes include differences resulting from changes in MSA definitions. 4 Annual pay levels for individual metropolitan areas have been adjusted to reflect noneconomic county reclassifications where applicable. The total for all metropolitan areas combined, however, has not been adjusted for these reclassifications. See Technical Note. 5 Totals do not include the six MSAs within Puerto Rico. 6 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. Table 2. Average annual pay for 2000 and 2001 for all covered workers(1) by Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area Average annual pay(3) Ranking of areas by Consolidated Metropolitan level of Statistical Area(2) Percent average 2000(4) 2001 change, annual pay 2000-01 for 2001 Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas(5)........ $42,641 $43,424 1.8 - Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA-NH........ 45,021 45,768 1.7 3 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.......................... 40,708 41,778 2.6 8 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN........................... 34,595 35,561 2.8 15 Cleveland-Akron, OH..................................... 34,130 34,945 2.4 17 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................................... 39,987 40,915 2.3 10 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.............................. 41,328 41,985 1.6 7 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI............................. 41,396 41,619 0.5 9 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria,TX........................... 40,312 42,084 4.4 6 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA................. 37,973 39,072 2.9 12 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............................... 33,293 34,304 3.0 18 Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................................... 34,426 35,470 3.0 16 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA... 50,073 51,121 2.1 2 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD...... 38,540 39,701 3.0 11 Portland-Salem, OR-WA................................... 35,855 36,111 0.7 14 Sacramento-Yolo, CA..................................... 36,262 37,737 4.1 13 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA...................... 56,546 54,182 -4.2 1 Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA............................ 41,993 42,251 0.6 5 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV....................... 42,135 44,242 5.0 4 San Juan-Caguas-Arecibo, PR............................. 19,623 20,535 4.6 19 1 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 2 Includes data for Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSA) as defined by OMB Bulletin No. 99-04. In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) definitions were used. See Technical Note. 3 Data are preliminary. Each year's total is based on the CMSA definition for the specific year. Annual changes include differences resulting from changes in CMSA definitions. 4 Annual pay levels for individual consolidated metropolitan areas have been adjusted to reflect noneconomic county reclassifications where applicable. The total for all consolidated metropolitan areas combined, however, has not been adjusted for these reclassifications. See Technical Note. 5 Totals do not include the San Juan-Caguas-Arecibo CMSA within Puerto Rico.