TEXT Table 1. Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation under current and replaced Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry Table 3. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under Table 6. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining Table 7. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry Table 10. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry Table 11. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components Table 12. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components Table 13. Cost changes: Percent distribution of workers in Table 14. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 Table 15. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements Technical Information: USDL: 95-139 Janice Devine (202) 606-6276 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EDT William Davis (202) 606-6277 Tuesday, April 25, 1995 Media Contact: (202) 606-5902 MAJOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING SETTLEMENTS IN PRIVATE INDUSTRY, FIRST QUARTER 1995 Major collective bargaining settlements reached in private industry during the first quarter of 1995 called for changes in wage rates and compensation over the contract term that were lower, on average, than were specified in the agreements they replaced, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This relationship has existed for 10 consecutive quarters, with the exception of the fourth quarter of 1993 when changes in compensation rates were the same for current and replaced contracts. The Bureau's series on wage changes in major collective bargaining agreements covers bargaining units of 1,000 or more workers, while the data on compensation changes relate to bargaining units of 5,000 or more workers. Wage rate changes under settlements Settlements in the first quarter of 1995 specified wage rate changes averaging an increase of 1.9 percent in both the first year of the agreements and annually over the contract term. (See tables 1 and 2.) Corresponding changes in agreements they replaced, which were primarily negotiated in 1991 or 1992, were increases of 3.6 percent and 3.0 percent. Lump-sum payments and cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) are not included in specified wage rate changes. During the quarter, 48 settlements, covering 168,000 workers, were concluded. Settlements in food stores, machinery manufacturing, transportation equipment manufacturing, construction, and health services accounted for nearly three-fifths of the workers. During the first quarter of 1995, cash lump-sum payment provisions were newly negotiated in 8 agreements for 13,000 workers, maintained in 13 agreements for 58,000 workers, and discontinued in 1 agreement for 3,000 workers. As of March 31, 1995, such provisions covered 42 percent of the 5.4 million workers under all major collective bargaining contracts in private industry. Lump-sum coverage had been as high as 44 percent in 1989 and dropped to a low of 36 percent at the end of 1992. Two settlements for 4,300 workers reached in the first quarter of 1995 discontinued COLA clauses, while 10 settlements for 31,000 workers retained them. No settlement added a COLA clause. As of March 31, 1995, COLA provisions covered 23 percent of the 5.4 million workers under major collective bargaining contracts, compared with 24 percent at the end of 1994. Coverage has been steadily declining from the 40 percent level that existed in the late 1980s. - 2 - Workers under first-quarter settlements accounted for 11 percent of the 1.5 million workers under the 406 settlements reached in the 12 months ended March 31, 1995. (See table 3.) Settlements during this 4-quarter period, on average, specified a lower wage rate change over their term than the contracts being replaced--an annual increase of 2.3 percent compared with 2.9 percent. (See the chart.) This has been the pattern for the last 10 4-quarter periods. Over their term, agreements reached during the 4-quarter period ended March 31, 1995, specified wage rate increases for 90 percent of the workers, no wage change for 7 percent, and a net decrease for 3 percent. (See table 4.) These contracts had the longest average duration--38.5 months--since the Bureau of Labor Statistics began publishing this measure in 1972. (See table 7.) Thirty-six percent of the workers under settlements reached during the 4-quarter period ended March 31, 1995, had either a cash lump-sum payment provision or a COLA clause or both. Their wage changes averaged an increase of 2.2 percent annually over the contract term compared with 2.3 percent for workers in settlements with neither provision. Lump-sum payments are not part of the ongoing rate structure and, therefore, are excluded from the rate data. Such payments, however, are included in measures of compensation cost changes discussed in the next section. Potential wage changes from COLA clauses depend on future price changes and, therefore, are excluded from both rate and cost data. See the Explanatory Note. Lump-sum payment and COLA provisions typically are negotiated more frequently for manufacturing than for nonmanufacturing workers. Among the settlements reached during the year ended March 31, 1995, cash lump-sum payment and COLA provisions covered 70 percent of workers in manufacturing compared with 21 percent in nonmanufacturing. For all manufacturing settlements, the wage rate change averaged an annual increase of 2.1 percent over the contract term. Those with cash lump-sum and/or COLA provisions called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 2.1 percent annually over the life of the agreement compared with 2.2 percent in those with neither provision. Nonmanufacturing settlements reached in the year ended March 31, 1995, called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 2.3 percent annually over their life. Those with lump-sum and/or COLA provisions had annual wage changes averaging an increase of 2.4 percent over the contract term compared with 2.3 percent in settlements with neither provision. Compensation cost changes under settlements The Bureau's data on negotiated changes in employers' costs for employee compensation relate to settlements covering 5,000 or more workers. Compensation cost changes include specified (guaranteed) cash and benefit lump-sum payments and reflect both the size and timing of compensation rate changes. (Lump-sum payments and the timing of compensation changes are not taken into account in the rate measure.) See the Explanatory Note for a more detailed description of the cost series. - 3 - Settlements for 5,000 or more workers accounted for 52 percent of the 168,000 workers covered by all major settlements negotiated in the first quarter of 1995. These settlements provided total compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.1 percent annually over the life of the contract compared with 1.9 percent in the contracts being replaced. (See table 11.) During the quarter, annual cost changes over the contract term averaged 1.1 percent for wages alone and 1.2 percent for cash payments (wages and cash lump-sum payments) to workers. Annual cost changes for benefits averaged 0.9 percent. For the 12 months ended March 31, 1995, settlements covering 5,000 or more workers accounted for 53 percent (802,000) of the workers under all major settlements. They provided total compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.4 percent annually over the contract term. The corresponding change in the agreements they replaced was an increase of 2.1 percent. Over the contract term, settlements reached in the 12 months ended March 31, 1995, specified annual changes averaging increases of 1.3 percent for both wages alone and for cash payments (including wages and cash lump-sum payments) and 1.6 percent for benefit costs. Thirty percent of the workers under settlements for 5,000 or more workers reached in the 4-quarter period ended March 31, 1995, had contingent pay provisions that could provide compensation increases beyond those specified in the settlement. COLA provisions, discussed earlier, and lump-sum provisions that call for a payment only if company profits exceed a specified amount are examples. Potential payments under these provisions are excluded from the series. Annual compensation cost changes over the contract term averaged an increase of 2.1 percent in settlements with contingent pay provisions and 1.1 percent in those without such provisions. (See table 12.) Wage rate changes under all major contracts In addition to data just presented on changes in rates and costs under settlements, the Bureau compiled information on wage rate changes during the first quarter of 1995 under all major contracts. (See table 14.) Wage rate changes averaged an increase of 0.3 percent--agreements reached prior to the first quarter of 1995 contributed 0.2 percent, and settlements reached during the quarter and COLAs contributed the remainder. Approximately 5.4 million workers were covered by these contracts. About 1.2 million workers had their wages increased, another 4.2 million workers were under major contracts in which wage rates remained the same during the first quarter, and 2,600 workers had wage cuts. - 4 - Wage rate increases during the first quarter of 1995 stemmed from one or more of the following: 1) Settlements reached in the first quarter that provided increases in the quarter averaging 3.1 percent for 88,000 workers; 2) contracts negotiated earlier that specified increases in the quarter averaging 2.6 percent for 509,000 workers; and 3) COLA provisions that yielded average increases of 0.3 percent for 652,000 workers. (About 127,000 additional workers had COLA reviews that did not produce a wage change, largely because movement in the BLS Consumer Price Index was insufficient to trigger one. COLA reviews during the first quarter of 1995 generated average wage rate changes that amounted to 60 percent of the CPI movement during the review period.) Second-quarter 1995 activity During April-June 1995, 614,000 workers are under 169 major agreements scheduled to expire or reopen for wage negotiations. Just under 70 percent of these workers are in the construction, telephone communications, and electrical products manufacturing industries. In addition, there are 462,000 workers under 70 agreements that expired or were reopened, but had not been renegotiated or ratified prior to March 31, 1995. Seventy-two percent of these workers are in the railroad, food store, and airline industries. In the second quarter, 1 million workers are scheduled for wage increases averaging 2.8 percent under provisions of agreements negotiated prior to 1995, and about 25,000 are slated for increases averaging 2.5 percent under agreements reached during the first 3 months of 1995. Another 4,100 workers will have their wages cut. COLA reviews are scheduled for 860,000 workers during the quarter. EXPLANATORY NOTE ABOUT THE DATA This release covers major collective bargaining units--those with 1,000 or more workers--in private nonfarm industries. It is limited to production and related workers in manufacturing and nonsupervisory workers in nonmanufacturing. About 7.1 percent of the employed production and nonsupervisory workers in private industry (excluding households) are covered by a major bargaining agreement. Wage and compensation changes under settlements The series on major collective bargaining settlements estimates how much wage and compensation rates and compensation costs will change from existing levels as a result of new collective bargaining agreements reached during specified reference periods. Compensation rates include: Straight-time pay for time worked; premium pay for overtime, weekend, holiday, and shift work; paid leave; life, health, and sickness and accident insurance; pension and other retirement plans; severance pay; and legally required benefits. Compensation rates exclude lump-sum payments because they are not part of the ongoing rate structure. Compensation costs include: The items covered by compensation rates plus specified cash and benefit lump-sum payments, which are excluded from rate data. - 5 - Wage and compensation rate changes: The rate change for a settlement is the percent difference between the average rate just prior to the start of a new agreement and the average rate that would exist at the end of the first 365 days of the new agreement (first year measure) or at its expiration date (over-the-life measure). (The over-the-life measure is expressed as an annual average change.) The average rate change for all settlements is calculated by first multiplying the rate change for each settlement by the number of workers under the settlement. Next, the resulting products are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number of workers under all settlements. The result is the average change for all settlements. Compensation cost changes: The compensation cost change for a settlement is the percent difference between the average cost of compensation per work hour (including the hourly cost of lump-sum payments made during the term of the expiring agreement) just prior to the start of a new agreement and the average cost of compensation per work hour under the settlement. The average cost of compensation under the settlement is calculated in two steps, as follows: 1) Each hourly compensation rate (excluding lump-sum payments) is multiplied by the number of hours it is to be paid during the agreement; the products are summed; and the total is divided by the number of work hours over the agreement term. The result is the cost per work hour of compensation excluding specified lump-sum payments. 2) The cost per work hour of specified lump-sum payments is computed by dividing the total amount of any cash and benefit lump sums by the total number of work hours over the agreement term. The sum of the results of steps 1 and 2 is the estimated average cost of compensation per work hour over the term of the new agreement. The percent difference between this amount and the average cost at the end of the expiring agreement is the average cost change under the settlement. The average cost change under all settlements is calculated by multiplying the percent change in cost under each settlement by the number of workers under the settlement. The results are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number of workers under all settlements. The following example illustrates one of the major differences between the compensation rate series and the compensation cost series. Two agreements (A and B) expire. At expiration, compensation under each agreement is $10 an hour. The agreements are replaced by new settlements that run for 1 year. The settlement replacing agreement A immediately increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour. The settlement replacing agreement B leaves compensation unchanged for the first 6 months and then increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour. The rate series measures the size of each settlement by calculating the difference between compensation at the expiration of the old agreement and compensation at the expiration of the new agreement and computing the percent change. Thus, it measures each settlement as providing a 5-percent ($.50/$10) compensation rate increase over the 1 year term. - 6 - The cost series measures the size of each settlement by comparing employer costs for compensation under the settlement with what they were under the expiring agreement just before it was renegotiated as follows: When each agreement expired, an employee who worked 2,000 hours over the year would cost the employer $20,000 (2,000 hours at $10). Under the settlement replacing agreement A (with the immediate increase), the employer would pay for 2,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $21,000 for the year, a 5-percent increase over the $20,000. Under the settlement replacing agreement B (with the delayed increase), the employer would pay for 1,000 hours at $10 an hour and for 1,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $20,500 for the year, a 2.5-percent increase over the $20,000. Thus, the cost series reflects the influence of timing of changes during the agreement term which the rate series does not reflect. For a more detailed description of the compensation cost series and how it compares with the compensation rate series, see Alvin Bauman, "A New Measure of Compensation Cost Adjustments," Monthly Labor Review, August 1990, pp. 11-18. Data on changes under settlements exclude potential increases or decreases that may result from COLA clauses that are based on future changes in the CPI unknown at the time of settlement. The data do, however, include "guaranteed" COLA payments (those specified when the agreement was reached and specified to be implemented later) because they are not tied to subsequent price movements. Similarly, data on cost changes exclude contingent lump-sum payments (such as those tied to future profit levels or productivity increases) but include lump-sum payments guaranteed by the settlement. Estimates of changes are based on the assumption that conditions existing at the time of settlement (e.g., composition of the labor force or methods of funding pensions) will remain constant over the life of the agreement. Wage rate changes under all contracts The series on all major collective bargaining contracts estimates average wage rate changes during the reference period under settlements reached during the calendar year as well as under major agreements reached earlier and remaining in force during the period. The average change under all contracts in force during a period is computed by multiplying the percent change under each contract by the number of workers covered, adding the products, and dividing the sum by the total number of workers under all contracts. The average rate change reflects net rate increases, decreases, and zero changes during the reference period. Rate increases and decreases stem from settlements in the calendar year that call for increases or decreases during the period, from agreements reached earlier with increases or decreases deferred to the period, and from COLA clauses. (Although wage increases and decreases from COLA clauses are not incorporated into base wage rates under all agreements, they are included in the wage rate change measure for all contracts.) - 7 - Wage changes under COLA clauses are based on changes in the Consumer Price Index for a review period designated in the agreement. Data for the first quarter of 1995 are preliminary and may be revised if additional information is obtained. Final data will be available in the Spring of 1996. Historical information is available from the Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212-0001. Data on major public sector collective bargaining settlements are developed separately and issued semi-annually. Data for the first half of 1995 are scheduled to be released in August 1995. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, TDD phone: 202-606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-2577. Major private industry collective bargaining settlements data for the second quarter of 1995 and for the year ended June 30, 1995 will be released on July 25, 1995, at 10:00 AM (EDT). BLS Collective Bargaining Data Now Available on the INTERNET LABSTAT, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' public database, provides time series data for many surveys, as well as numerous news releases. Time series data are composed of individual databases (in flat file format) corresponding to each of the surveys. News release files contain both the text and tables (in plain text format) that were included in the official release. Internet users can choose from several methods to access LABSTAT. Anonymous FTP access to LABSTAT is available at stats.bls.gov; Gopher access is at hopi.bls.gov; and World Wide Web access is at http://stats.bls.gov/blshome.html. Collective bargaining related time series data include both negotiated wage and benefit changes (private industry and State & local government), and work stoppages. Current news releases are available for major collective bargaining settlements (private industry and State & local government), bargaining activity in 1995, work stoppages, and union membership. If you have questions or comments regarding the LABSTAT system on the Internet, address e-mail to labstat.helpdesk@bls.gov. Non-Internet users can use the limited dial-in service through the DOL bulletin board to access BLS data; the telephone number is (202) 606-7060 . Table 1. Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation under current and replaced private industry collective bargaining settlements, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods (in percent) __________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 _____________________________________________________ Measure | | | | | | | | | | | | | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(2) __________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Quarterly averages | _____________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | Wage-rate changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | First-year change(3) | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 2.5| 2.5| 1.1| 2.8| 3.0| 2.0| 1.0| 2.2| 1.9 Replaced settlements............| 4.4| 4.0| 3.6| 3.4| 5.4| 2.8| 2.5| 3.3| 3.6 Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | term(4) | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 2.7| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0| 2.4| 2.4| 1.9| 2.5| 1.9 Replaced settlements............| 3.8| 3.5| 3.0| 2.2| 3.7| 3.0| 2.8| 2.9| 3.0 Compensation-rate changes in | | | | | | | | | settlements | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | First-year change(3) | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 3.1| 3.2| 1.0| 3.8| 3.0| 3.4| (5) | 1.5| 1.4 Replaced settlements............| 4.6| 5.0| 4.2| 3.8| 5.9| 3.8| 3.4| 4.9| 3.8 Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | term(4) | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 3.2| 2.6| 1.4| 2.5| 2.6| 2.9| 1.4| 2.1| 1.6 Replaced settlements............| 3.9| 3.9| 2.8| 2.5| 4.1| 3.6| 3.0| 4.0| 2.9 Compensation-cost changes in | | | | | | | | | settlements | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | term(4) | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 1.9| 1.8| 0.9| 1.8| 2.0| 1.9| 0.8| 1.2| 1.1 Replaced settlements............| 3.0| 2.9| 2.4| 2.0| 3.6| 2.2| 1.9| 2.6| 1.9 _____________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended | _____________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | Wage-rate changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | First-year change(3) | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 2.6| 2.5| 2.0| 2.3| 2.4| 2.2| 2.3| 2.0| 1.8 Replaced settlements............| 3.6| 3.9| 4.1| 3.7| 3.8| 3.5| 3.2| 3.2| 2.9 Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | term(4) | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 2.9| 2.7| 2.3| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3 Replaced settlements............| 3.3| 3.4| 3.5| 2.9| 2.9| 2.8| 2.7| 3.0| 2.9 Compensation-rate changes in | | | | | | | | | settlements | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | First-year change(3) | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 3.0| 2.9| 2.1| 3.0| 3.0| 3.1| 3.1| 2.3| 2.1 Replaced settlements............| 4.1| 4.6| 4.8| 4.2| 4.3| 4.1| 3.9| 4.2| 3.9 Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | term(4) | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 3.1| 2.9| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.4| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3 Replaced settlements............| 3.4| 3.5| 3.6| 2.9| 2.9| 2.9| 3.0| 3.5| 3.4 Compensation-cost changes in | | | | | | | | | settlements | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | term(4) | | | | | | | | | Current settlements.............| 2.0| 1.9| 1.4| 1.6| 1.6| 1.6| 1.7| 1.6| 1.4 Replaced settlements............| 2.9| 3.0| 3.2| 2.3| 2.4| 2.3| 2.2| 2.4| 2.1 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. All rate measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Preliminary. 3 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. 5 Less than 0 and greater than -0.05 percent. Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, first quarter of 1995 (preliminary) (in percent) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Annual | Number of | Measure | First-year | change over| workers | Number of | change(2) |the contract| (000's) | settlements | | term(3) | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Wage changes in settlements | | | | covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 1.9 | 1.9 | 168 | 48 With COLA clauses......................| 0.4 | 0.6 | 31 | 10 Without COLA clauses...................| 2.2 | 2.2 | 136 | 38 With lump-sum provisions...............| 0.8 | 0.8 | 71 | 21 Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.7 | 2.7 | 96 | 27 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 0.7 | 0.8 | 74 | 23 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.8 | 2.8 | 94 | 25 Manufacturing............................| 0.6 | 0.8 | 67 | 20 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 0.5 | 0.7 | 61 | 16 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 1.8 | 1.6 | 6 | 4 Nonmanufacturing.........................| 2.7 | 2.7 | 101 | 28 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 1.3 | 1.4 | 13 | 7 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.9 | 2.9 | 88 | 21 Goods-producing..........................| 1.0 | 1.2 | 79 | 24 Service-producing........................| 2.7 | 2.6 | 88 | 24 | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 1.4 | 1.6 | 88 | 9 Manufacturing............................| -0.5 | (4) | 36 | 4 Nonmanufacturing.........................| 2.7 | 2.7 | 52 | 5 Goods-producing..........................| -0.1 | 0.5 | 43 | 5 Service-producing........................| 2.8 | 2.7 | 45 | 4 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. 4 More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 3. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, four quarters ended with the first quarter of 1995 (preliminary) (in percent) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Annual | Number of | Measure | First-year | change over| workers | Number of | change(2) |the contract| (000's) | settlements | | term(3) | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Wage changes in settlements | | | | covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 1.8 | 2.3 | 1,502 | 406 With COLA clauses......................| 2.5 | 2.4 | 326 | 66 Without COLA clauses...................| 1.6 | 2.2 | 1,176 | 340 With lump-sum provisions...............| 1.8 | 1.9 | 347 | 95 Without lump-sum provisions............| 1.8 | 2.4 | 1,155 | 311 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.3 | 2.2 | 538 | 130 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 1.5 | 2.3 | 965 | 276 Manufacturing............................| 2.2 | 2.1 | 457 | 137 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.2 | 2.1 | 318 | 79 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.2 | 2.2 | 139 | 58 Nonmanufacturing.........................| 1.6 | 2.3 | 1,046 | 269 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.4 | 2.4 | 220 | 51 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 1.4 | 2.3 | 826 | 218 Construction.............................| 1.5 | 2.4 | 335 | 110 All industries excluding construction....| 1.9 | 2.2 | 1,167 | 296 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 1.7 | 2.3 | 710 | 159 Goods-producing..........................| 1.9 | 2.2 | 794 | 248 Service-producing........................| 1.7 | 2.3 | 709 | 158 | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 2.1 | 2.3 | 802 | 58 With COLA clauses......................| 4.6 | 3.1 | 217 | 12 Without COLA clauses...................| 1.1 | 2.0 | 585 | 46 With lump-sum provisions...............| 2.4 | 2.1 | 158 | 13 Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.0 | 2.3 | 644 | 45 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 4.0 | 2.9 | 296 | 20 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 1.0 | 2.0 | 507 | 38 Manufacturing............................| 2.8 | 2.3 | 226 | 18 Nonmanufacturing.........................| 1.8 | 2.3 | 576 | 40 Construction.............................| 0.4 | 1.7 | 145 | 13 All industries excluding construction....| 2.4 | 2.4 | 657 | 45 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 2.3 | 2.5 | 431 | 27 Goods-producing..........................| 1.8 | 2.0 | 371 | 31 Service-producing........................| 2.3 | 2.5 | 431 | 27 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change(1) in wages, four quarters ended with the first quarter of 1995 (preliminary) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | All | Manu- | Nonmanu- | industries | facturing | facturing ____________________________________________ Measure | | | First-year change(2) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Number of workers (in thousands).......................| 1,502 | 457 | 1,046 | | | | | | Percent of workers | | | All settlements......................................| 100 | 100 | 100 | | | No wage change....................................| 24 | 30 | 22 Decreases(3)......................................| 3 | 1 | 5 Increases.........................................| 72 | 69 | 74 Under 3 percent................................| 36 | 20 | 43 3 and under 4 percent..........................| 20 | 24 | 19 4 and under 5 percent..........................| 12 | 23 | 8 5 percent and over ............................| 3 | 2 | 4 | | | | | | Changes (in percent): | | | Mean change..........................................| 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.6 Median change........................................| 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.3 | | | Mean increase........................................| 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.8 Median increase......................................| 2.9 | 3.7 | 2.7 ____________________________________________ | | Annual change over the contract term(4) ____________________________________________ | | | Number of workers (in thousands).......................| 1,502 | 457 | 1,046 | | | | | | Percent of workers | | | All settlements......................................| 100 | 100 | 100 | | | No wage change....................................| 7 | 15 | 3 Decreases(3)......................................| 3 | 1 | 4 Increases.........................................| 90 | 84 | 93 Under 2 percent................................| 29 | 27 | 30 2 and under 3 percent..........................| 30 | 28 | 32 3 and under 4 percent..........................| 25 | 26 | 24 4 percent and over.............................| 6 | 3 | 7 | | | | | | Changes (in percent): | | | Mean change..........................................| 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.3 Median change........................................| 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | | | Mean increase........................................| 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 Median increase......................................| 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.5 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more by change(1) in compensation, four quarters ended with the first quarter of 1995 (preliminary) __________________________________________________________________ | Measure |First-year change(2) __________________________________________________________________ | | Total number of workers (in thousands).......| 802 | Percent of workers | | All settlements............................| 100 | No change...............................| 10 Decreases(3)............................| 13 Increases...............................| 77 Under 2 percent......................| 12 2 and under 3 percent................| 17 3 and under 4 percent................| 17 4 percent and over...................| 31 | Changes (in percent): | Mean change................................| 2.1 Median change..............................| 2.7 | Mean increase..............................| 3.6 Median increase............................| 3.4 | ____________________ | | Annual change over |the contract term(4) ____________________ | | Total number of workers (in thousands).......| 802 | Percent of workers | | All settlements............................| 100 | No change...............................| 1 Decreases(3)............................| 8 Increases...............................| 92 Under 2 percent......................| 25 2 and under 3 percent................| 28 3 and under 4 percent................| 25 4 percent and over...................| 14 | Changes (in percent): | Mean change................................| 2.3 Median change..............................| 2.5 | Mean increase..............................| 2.6 Median increase............................| 2.6 __________________________________________________________________ 1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 6. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change(1) in compensation and wages, four quarters ended with the first quarter of 1995 (preliminary) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | First-year change(2) _______________________________________ Measure | | Compensation | Wages alone ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Total number of workers (in thousands)......................| 335 | 335 | | Percent of workers | | | | All settlements...........................................| 100 | 100 | | No change..............................................| 29 | 39 Decreases(3)...........................................| 2 | 2 Increases..............................................| 68 | 58 Under 2 percent.....................................| 18 | 11 2 and under 3 percent...............................| 26 | 28 3 and under 4 percent...............................| 14 | 11 4 and under 5 percent...............................| 7 | 4 5 percent and over..................................| 4 | 4 | | Changes (in percent): | | Mean change...............................................| 1.7 | 1.5 Median change.............................................| 2.0 | 1.9 | | Mean increase.............................................| 2.8 | 2.8 Median increase...........................................| 2.6 | 2.6 | | _______________________________________ | |Annual change over the contract term(4) _______________________________________ | | | Compensation | Wages alone _______________________________________ | | | | Total number of workers (in thousands)......................| 335 | 335 | | Percent of workers | | | | All settlements...........................................| 100 | 100 | | No change..............................................| 2 | 6 Decreases(3)...........................................| 2 | 2 Increases..............................................| 96 | 92 Under 2 percent.....................................| 37 | 33 2 and under 3 percent...............................| 30 | 23 3 and under 4 percent...............................| 19 | 25 4 and under 5 percent...............................| 6 | 7 5 percent and over..................................| 4 | 4 | | Changes (in percent): | | Mean change...............................................| 2.3 | 2.4 Median change.............................................| 2.3 | 2.4 | | Mean increase.............................................| 2.5 | 2.7 Median increase...........................................| 2.4 | 2.6 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 7. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of contract, four quarters ended with the first quarter of 1995 (preliminary) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Contract duration ____________________________________________________________________________ Measure | | | More than| | More than| | | All | 12 months| 12 and | 24 months| 24 and | 36 months| More than | contracts| or less | less than| | less than| | 36 months | | | 24 months| | 36 months| | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Number of settlements...................| 406 | 30 | 10 | 32 | 57 | 140 | 137 | | | | | | | Number of workers (in thousands)........| 1,502 | 79 | 15 | 86 | 186 | 519 | 617 | | | | | | | Average contract duration (months)......| 38.5 | 11.3 | 16.1 | 24.0 | 32.8 | 36.0 | 48.4 | | | | | | | Percent change in wages:(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Annualized over the contract term.....| 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 2.1 | | | | | | | Occurring in: | | | | | | | First contract year(2)..............| 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 1.4 Second contract year(3).............| 2.5 | NA | 0.3 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.3 Third contract year(4)..............| 2.4 | NA | NA | NA | 1.2 | 2.6 | 2.6 Fourth contract year(5).............| 1.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.5 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Data are not annualized. 3 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 12 months. Data are not annualized. 4 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 24 months. Data are not annualized. 5 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 36 months. Data are not annualized. NOTE: "NA" indicates not applicable. Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by region,(2) during 4-quarter periods (in percent) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Four quarters ended _______________________________________________________________________ Measure | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 _______________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(3) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | First-year wage change(4) | | | | | | | | Interregional.................................| 2.6 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.9 New England...................................| 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.1 Middle Atlantic...............................| 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.3 East North Central............................| 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.6 West North Central............................| 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.0 South Atlantic................................| 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.2 East South Central............................| 4.4 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 1.7 West South Central............................| 0.2 | 0.1 | -0.5 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.0 Mountain......................................| 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.4 Pacific.......................................| 2.2 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.4 Annual wage change over the contract term(5) | | | | | | | | Interregional.................................| 2.9 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.8 New England...................................| 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 Middle Atlantic...............................| 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.8 East North Central............................| 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 West North Central............................| 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 South Atlantic................................| 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.4 East South Central............................| 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.1 West South Central............................| 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 Mountain......................................| 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.4 Pacific.......................................| 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Regions and the States they comprise (including the District of Columbia) are the following: New England--Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont; Middle Atlantic--New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania; East North Central--Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin; West North Central--Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota; South Atlantic--Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia; East South Central--Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi; West South Central--Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas; Mountain--Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming; Pacific--Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington. 3 Preliminary. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, by year and quarter (in percent) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Annual | Quarterly averages | averages | ___________________________________________________________ Measure | | | | | | | | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 _______________________________________________ | 1993| 1994| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(2) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000| | | | | | | | | | workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | First year(3) | | | | | | | | | | All industries........................| 2.3| 2.0| 2.5| 1.1| 2.8| 3.0| 2.0| 1.0| 2.2| 1.9 With COLA clauses....................| 2.8| 2.7| 1.2| (4) | (4) | (4) | 3.2| (4) | 1.8| 0.4 Without COLA clauses.................| 2.1| 1.8| 2.7| (4) | (4) | (4) | 1.6| (4) | 2.3| 2.2 With lump sums.......................| 2.6| 2.2| 1.4| (4) | (4) | 2.5| 2.8| 1.0| 2.5| 0.8 Without lump sums....................| 2.0| 1.9| 2.9| (4) | (4) | 3.2| 1.9| 0.9| 2.2| 2.7 With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.6| 2.5| 1.5| 2.5| 2.9| 2.5| 3.0| 1.8| 2.1| 0.7 With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 2.0| 1.6| 2.9| 0.2| 2.7| 3.2| 1.4| 0.4| 2.2| 2.8 Manufacturing.........................| 2.7| 2.4| 1.7| (4) | (4) | 1.5| 3.0| 1.9| 2.7| 0.6 With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.7| 2.4| 1.1| (4) | (4) | 1.0| 3.0| 2.0| 2.8| 0.5 With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 2.9| 2.2| 2.6| (4) | (4) | 2.2| 2.8| 1.8| 2.6| 1.8 Nonmanufacturing......................| 2.1| 1.8| 2.8| (4) | (4) | 3.5| 1.7| 0.1| 2.1| 2.7 With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.4| 2.6| 2.0| (4) | (4) | 3.6| 3.0| 1.4| 1.8| 1.3 With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 1.8| 1.6| 3.0| (4) | (4) | 3.4| 1.3| -0.3| 2.2| 2.9 Construction..........................| 2.1| 1.8| 2.3| 1.7| (4) | (4) | 1.0| 2.2| (4) | (4) All industries excluding construction.| 2.4| 2.0| 2.7| 1.0| (4) | (4) | 2.6| 0.6| (4) | (4) Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | | construction.......................| 2.0| 1.8| 3.4| (4) | (4) | (4) | 2.3| -1.5| (4) | (4) Goods-producing.......................| 2.6| 2.1| 2.1| (4) | (4) | 3.1| 1.9| 2.0| 2.7| 1.0 Service-producing.....................| 2.0| 1.8| 3.4| (4) | (4) | 2.9| 2.3| -1.6| 2.1| 2.7 Annual average over the contract term(5) | | | | | | | | | | All industries.........................| 2.1| 2.3| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0| 2.4| 2.4| 1.9| 2.5| 1.9 With COLA clauses.....................| 1.4| 2.5| 0.9| (4) | (4) | (4) | 2.7| (4) | 2.3| 0.6 Without COLA clauses..................| 2.5| 2.3| 2.7| (4) | (4) | (4) | 2.3| (4) | 2.6| 2.2 With lump sums........................| 1.9| 2.0| 1.4| (4) | (4) | 1.7| 2.4| 1.7| 2.2| 0.8 Without lump sums.....................| 2.5| 2.4| 2.8| (4) | (4) | 2.8| 2.4| 1.9| 2.6| 2.7 With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 1.9| 2.3| 1.5| 1.5| 1.9| 1.7| 2.6| 2.1| 2.2| 0.8 With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.5| 2.3| 2.9| 1.8| 2.2| 2.8| 2.3| 1.7| 2.6| 2.8 Manufacturing..........................| 1.5| 2.3| 1.3| (4) | (4) | 1.8| 2.5| 2.0| 2.5| 0.8 With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 1.3| 2.3| 0.6| (4) | (4) | 1.3| 2.6| 2.1| 2.7| 0.7 With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.5| 2.2| 2.4| (4) | (4) | 2.5| 2.5| 2.0| 2.4| 1.6 Nonmanufacturing.......................| 2.5| 2.3| 2.8| (4) | (4) | 2.7| 2.4| 1.7| 2.5| 2.7 With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 2.6| 2.4| 2.4| (4) | (4) | 2.0| 2.7| 2.1| 2.0| 1.4 With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.5| 2.3| 2.9| (4) | (4) | 2.9| 2.3| 1.6| 2.7| 2.9 Construction...........................| 2.6| 2.5| 2.7| 2.1| (4) | (4) | 2.3| 2.5| (4) | (4) All industries excluding construction..| 2.1| 2.3| 2.4| 1.6| (4) | (4) | 2.5| 1.7| (4) | (4) Nonmanufacturing excluding construction| 2.5| 2.2| 3.1| (4) | (4) | (4) | 2.5| 1.1| (4) | (4) Goods-producing........................| 1.9| 2.4| 2.2| (4) | (4) | 2.8| 2.4| 2.2| 2.6| 1.2 Service-producing......................| 2.6| 2.2| 3.1| (4) | (4) | 2.2| 2.5| 1.1| 2.5| 2.6 | | | | | | | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | | First year(3).........................| 3.0| 2.3| 3.2| 1.0| 3.8| 3.0| 3.4| (6) | 1.5| 1.4 With COLA clauses....................| 3.2| 5.0| 1.7| (4) | (4) | - | 5.8| (4) | (4) | (4) Without COLA clauses.................| 2.9| 1.5| 3.4| (4) | (4) | 3.0| 2.1| (4) | (4) | (4) Annual average over the contract | | | | | | | | | | term(5)..............................| 2.4| 2.4| 2.6| 1.4| 2.5| 2.6| 2.9| 1.4| 2.1| 1.6 With COLA clauses....................| 1.7| 3.4| 0.6| (4) | (4) | - | 3.8| (4) | (4) | (4) Without COLA clauses.................| 2.8| 2.1| 2.9| (4) | (4) | 2.6| 2.4| (4) | (4) | (4) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Preliminary. 3 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 4 Data do not meet publication standards. 5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. 6 Less than 0 and greater than -0.05 percent. - There were no settlements in this cell. Table 10. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements during 4-quarter periods (in percent) ________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Four quarters ended _____________________________________________________ | | | Measure | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 _____________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(2) ________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000| | | | | | | | | workers or more: | | | | | | | | | First year(3) | | | | | | | | | All industries........................| 2.6| 2.5| 2.0| 2.3| 2.4| 2.2| 2.3| 2.0| 1.8 With COLA clauses....................| 2.8| 2.7| 2.5| 2.8| 2.7| 3.0| 2.9| 2.7| 2.5 Without COLA clauses.................| 2.6| 2.5| 1.8| 2.1| 2.3| 1.9| 2.0| 1.8| 1.6 With lump sums.......................| 2.7| 2.6| 2.3| 2.6| 2.6| 2.8| 2.6| 2.2| 1.8 Without lump sums....................| 2.6| 2.5| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1| 1.7| 1.9| 1.9| 1.8 With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.7| 2.6| 2.3| 2.6| 2.6| 2.8| 2.7| 2.5| 2.3 With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 2.6| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0| 2.1| 1.5| 1.6| 1.6| 1.5 Manufacturing.........................| 2.9| 2.8| 2.5| 2.7| 2.5| 2.7| 2.6| 2.4| 2.2 With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.7| 2.4| 2.7| 2.7| 2.4| 2.2 With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 2.9| 2.6| 2.6| 2.2| 2.2| 2.2 Nonmanufacturing......................| 2.6| 2.5| 1.7| 2.1| 2.3| 2.0| 2.0| 1.8| 1.6 With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.8| 2.7| 2.3| 2.4| 2.8| 2.9| 2.8| 2.6| 2.4 With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 2.4| 2.4| 1.5| 1.8| 2.0| 1.3| 1.4| 1.6| 1.4 Construction..........................| 1.9| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1| 2.4| 1.7| 1.8| 1.8| 1.5 All industries excluding construction.| 2.8| 2.7| 1.9| 2.4| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.0| 1.9 Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | construction.......................| 2.8| 2.7| 1.5| 2.0| 2.3| 2.1| 2.1| 1.8| 1.7 Goods-producing.......................| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.6| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 2.1| 1.9 Service-producing.....................| 2.8| 2.7| 1.5| 2.0| 2.2| 2.0| 2.0| 1.8| 1.7 Annual average over the contract term(4) | | | | | | | | | All industries.........................| 2.9| 2.7| 2.3| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3 With COLA clauses.....................| 2.6| 2.5| 2.1| 1.4| 1.0| 1.5| 1.7| 2.5| 2.4 Without COLA clauses..................| 3.0| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.2 With lump sums........................| 2.9| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.9| 2.0| 2.0| 1.9 Without lump sums.....................| 2.9| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5| 2.3| 2.3| 2.4| 2.4 With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 2.8| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1| 2.3| 2.2 With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 3.0| 2.8| 2.5| 2.5| 2.5| 2.2| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3 Manufacturing..........................| 2.8| 2.6| 2.1| 1.5| 1.3| 1.5| 1.7| 2.3| 2.1 With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 2.4| 2.2| 1.8| 1.3| 1.0| 1.4| 1.5| 2.3| 2.1 With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.5| 2.3| 2.3| 2.0| 2.2| 2.2 Nonmanufacturing.......................| 2.9| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5| 2.6| 2.4| 2.5| 2.3| 2.3 With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 3.0| 2.9| 2.5| 2.6| 2.7| 2.7| 2.7| 2.4| 2.4 With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.9| 2.7| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.3 Construction...........................| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 2.6| 2.7| 2.5| 2.6| 2.5| 2.4 All industries excluding construction..| 3.0| 2.9| 2.3| 2.1| 2.0| 2.0| 2.1| 2.3| 2.2 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction| 3.1| 3.0| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 2.2| 2.3 Goods-producing........................| 2.6| 2.5| 2.3| 1.9| 1.8| 1.8| 1.9| 2.4| 2.2 Service-producing......................| 3.1| 3.0| 2.4| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 2.5| 2.2| 2.3 | | | | | | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | First year(3).........................| 3.0| 2.9| 2.1| 3.0| 3.0| 3.1| 3.1| 2.3| 2.1 With COLA clauses....................| 4.2| 4.2| 3.0| 3.2| (5) | 3.7| 4.0| 5.0| 4.6 Without COLA clauses.................| 2.6| 2.4| 1.5| 2.9| (5) | 2.8| 2.6| 1.5| 1.1 Annual average over the contract | | | | | | | | | term(4).............................| 3.1| 2.9| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.4| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3 With COLA clauses....................| 3.3| 3.3| 2.5| 1.7| (5) | 1.9| 2.1| 3.4| 3.1 Without COLA clauses.................| 3.0| 2.8| 2.3| 2.8| (5) | 2.7| 2.6| 2.1| 2.0 ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Preliminary. 3 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the contract term. 5 Data do not meet publication standards. Table 11. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components annualized over the life of the contract(2) in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods (in percent) ______________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 _____________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | Item | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(3) _____________________________________________________ | | Quarterly averages ______________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | Compensation ..................| 1.9| 1.8| 0.9| 1.8| 2.0| 1.9| 0.8| 1.2| 1.1 Cash payments (4)..............| 1.4| 1.7| 0.8| 1.4| 1.9| 1.4| 0.9| 1.5| 1.2 Wages..........................| 1.6| 1.7| 0.7| 1.4| 1.7| 1.4| 0.9| 1.5| 1.1 Benefits.......................| 2.7| 1.8| 1.1| 2.4| 2.1| 2.7| 0.5| 0.6| 0.9 _____________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended _____________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.0| 1.9| 1.4| 1.6| 1.6| 1.6| 1.7| 1.6| 1.4 Cash payments(4)...............| 1.8| 1.7| 1.2| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.4| 1.4| 1.3 Wages..........................| 1.9| 1.8| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.4| 1.3| 1.3 Benefits.......................| 2.5| 2.3| 1.7| 2.1| 2.0| 2.2| 2.2| 1.8| 1.6 With contingent pay provisions(5) | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.1| 2.0| 1.4| 1.5| 1.4| 1.7| 1.9| 2.2| 2.1 Cash payments(4)...............| 1.9| 1.7| 1.2| 1.2| 1.2| 1.3| 1.4| 1.8| 1.7 Wages..........................| 2.0| 1.9| 1.4| 1.4| 1.3| 1.4| 1.6| 1.7| 1.6 Benefits.......................| 2.5| 2.5| 1.8| 2.0| 1.8| 2.3| 2.5| 3.0| 2.8 Without contingent pay | | | | | | | | | provisions(5) | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.0| 1.9| 1.4| 1.7| 1.8| 1.6| 1.5| 1.3| 1.1 Cash payments(4)...............| 1.8| 1.7| 1.3| 1.4| 1.6| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.1 Wages..........................| 1.8| 1.7| 1.2| 1.3| 1.4| 1.1| 1.1| 1.2| 1.1 Benefits.......................| 2.5| 2.3| 1.6| 2.1| 2.2| 2.1| 1.8| 1.3| 1.1 Manufacturing | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.1| 1.8| 1.1| 1.2| 1.1| 1.3| 1.5| 1.9| 1.7 Cash payments(4)...............| 1.6| 1.3| 1.0| 0.8| 0.7| 0.9| 1.0| 1.7| 1.6 Wages..........................| 2.0| 1.7| 1.2| 1.1| 0.9| 1.1| 1.2| 1.6| 1.4 Benefits.......................| 3.3| 2.7| 1.4| 1.6| 1.5| 1.9| 2.1| 2.3| 2.0 Nonmanufacturing | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.0| 2.0| 1.5| 1.9| 2.0| 1.8| 1.8| 1.4| 1.3 Cash payments(4)...............| 1.9| 1.8| 1.3| 1.6| 1.8| 1.5| 1.6| 1.3| 1.2 Wages..........................| 1.8| 1.8| 1.3| 1.5| 1.6| 1.4| 1.5| 1.3| 1.2 Benefits.......................| 2.4| 2.2| 1.8| 2.4| 2.3| 2.4| 2.2| 1.6| 1.5 Goods-producing | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 1.9| 1.9| 1.6| 1.4| 1.4| 1.4| 1.4| 1.6| 1.4 Cash payments(4)...............| 1.5| 1.6| 1.4| 1.1| 1.2| 1.1| 1.2| 1.5| 1.3 Wages..........................| 1.8| 1.8| 1.5| 1.2| 1.2| 1.1| 1.2| 1.4| 1.2 Benefits.......................| 2.9| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.8| 1.8| 1.6| 1.5 Service-producing | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.1| 2.0| 1.2| 1.8| 1.8| 2.0| 2.0| 1.5| 1.5 Cash payments(4)...............| 1.9| 1.8| 1.1| 1.5| 1.6| 1.6| 1.6| 1.3| 1.3 Wages..........................| 1.9| 1.8| 1.0| 1.5| 1.5| 1.5| 1.6| 1.3| 1.3 Benefits.......................| 2.4| 2.2| 1.3| 2.3| 2.2| 2.7| 2.6| 1.9| 1.8 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and no change. Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. 3 Preliminary. 4 Cash payments include wages and lump-sum payments. 5 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump-sum payment clauses. Data exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions. Table 12. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components annualized over the life of the contract(2) in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, four quarters ended with the first quarter of 1995 (preliminary) (in percent) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Cash | | | Number of Measure | Compen-| | Wages | Benefits | workers | sation |payments(-| | | (000's) | | 3) | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All industries..........................| 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 802 | | | | | With contingent pay provisions(4)....| 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 242 Without contingent pay provisions(4).| 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 560 | | | | | Manufacturing...........................| 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 226 | | | | | Nonmanufacturing........................| 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 576 | | | | | Goods-producing.........................| 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 371 | | | | | Service-producing.......................| 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 431 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. 3 Cash payments include wages and lump sum payments. 4 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump sum payment clauses. Data exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 13. Cost changes: Percent distribution of workers in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, by average (mean) changes(1) in compensation costs annualized over the life of the contract,(2) four quarters ended with the first quarter of 1995 (preliminary) _______________________________________________________________ | Measure | All | industries _______________________________________________________________ | | | Total number of workers (in thousands)............| 802 | | Percent of workers | | All settlements.................................| 100 | No change....................................| 0 Decreases(3).................................| 6 Increases....................................| 94 | Under 1 percent...........................| 25 1 and under 2 percent.....................| 44 2 percent and over........................| 25 | | Changes (in percent): | Mean change (percent)...........................| 1.4 Median change...................................| 1.7 | Mean increase (percent)......................| 1.7 Median increase..............................| 1.8 _______________________________________________________________ 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual (compound) rate over the life of the contract. 3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 14. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 workers or more, by year and quarter (in percent) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | |Annual averages| Quarterly averages _______________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Item | | | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 _______________________________________________________________ | 1993 | 1994 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(1) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate change (2)...............| 3.0 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements......................| 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | (3) Prior settlements.....................| 1.9 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 COLA provisions.......................| 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | (3) | (3) | (3) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | (3) | | | | | | | | | | Industry | | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing............................| 3.3 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.4 Nonmanufacturing......................| 2.8 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.3 Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | | construction..............................| 2.8 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 Construction..........................| 2.7 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 Transportation and public utilities...| 3.0 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.2 Wholesale and retail trade............| 2.3 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.5 Services..............................| 3.4 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.6 Goods-producing.......................| 3.1 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.3 Service-producing.....................| 2.8 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate increase(4)..............| 3.5 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | | | | | | | | | | Source:(5) | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements......................| 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 Prior settlements.....................| 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.6 COLA provisions.......................| 1.3 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | | | | | | | | | | Number of workers receiving wage increases | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands)(6).........................|4,795.1|4,644.6|2,116.4|1,715.0|1,603.9|1,335.1|2,023.7|2,061.5|1,569.3|1,231.4 | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements......................|1,671.7|1,083.3| 358.9| 359.5| 883.9| 149.0| 432.9| 317.5| 292.8| 88.1 Prior settlements.....................|2,999.2|3,037.1|1,121.2|1,163.0| 377.0| 558.2| 941.0|1,133.7| 646.9| 508.8 COLA provisions.......................| 872.2| 760.8| 661.8| 273.4| 720.5| 689.5| 655.8| 628.9| 695.0| 652.5 | | | | | | | | | | Number of workers not receiving a wage | | | | | | | | | | increase (in thousands)...................| 681.0| 777.3|3,359.7|3,761.2|3,872.2|4,086.8|3,398.2|3,360.4|3,852.6|4,194.0 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Preliminary. 2 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, settlements reached in a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 3 More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent. 4 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was a wage rate increase. 5 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was a wage rate increase. 6 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers received wage changes from more than one source. Table 15. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 workers or more during 4-quarter periods (in percent) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended _______________________________________________________________________ | | | Item | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 _______________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(1) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate change (2).....| 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | | Current settlements..........| 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 Prior settlements............| 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 COLA provisions..............| 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | | | | | | | | | Industry | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing................| 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.4 Nonmanufacturing.............| 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | construction................| 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 Construction.................| 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 Transportation and public | | | | | | | | | utilities...................| 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.8 Wholesale and retail trade...| 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 Services.....................| 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 Goods-producing..............| 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.5 Service-producing............| 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate increase(3)....| 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source:(4) | | | | | | | | | Current settlements..........| 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 Prior settlements............| 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 COLA provisions..............| 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.8 | | | | | | | | | Number of workers receiving wage | | | | | | | | | increases (in thousands)(5)......|4,630.8|4,528.5|4,468.8|4,795.1|4,696.5|4,598.6|4,512.5|4,644.6|4,611.7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | | Current settlements..........|1,347.8|1,405.0|1,229.8|1,671.7|1,651.8|1,748.1|1,689.4|1,083.3|1,076.1 Prior settlements............|2,706.0|2,785.0|2,965.9|2,999.2|2,989.1|2,888.2|2,965.4|3,037.1|3,018.5 COLA provisions..............|1,067.4|1,064.2| 921.2| 872.2| 839.2| 843.2| 786.2| 760.8| 746.6 | | | | | | | | | Number of workers not receiving a| | | | | | | | | wage increase (in thousands).....| 888.7| 991.0|1,050.7| 681.0| 779.6| 877.5| 963.7| 777.3| 810.3 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Preliminary. 2 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, agreements reached in a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 3 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was an increase. 4 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was an increase.? 5 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers received wage changes from more than one source.