Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 04-120 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, February 6, 2004. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JANUARY 2004 Employment rose in January, and the unemployment rate, at 5.6 percent, was little changed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 112,000, with job gains in construction and several service-providing industries. Manufacturing employ- ment continued to trend down, but the rate of job loss has moderated in recent months. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons was 8.3 million in January and the unemployment rate was 5.6 percent, seasonally adjusted. While little changed over the month, both measures were down from their recent highs in June 2003, when the unemployment rate was 6.3 percent. Unemployment rates for most major worker groups--adult men (5.1 percent), adult women (5.0 percent), teenagers (16.7 percent), whites (4.9 percent), and blacks (10.5 percent)--were little changed in January. The unemployment rate for Hispanics rose to 7.3 percent over the month, about the same rate as last fall. The unemployment rate for Asians was 5.2 percent in January, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment rose by 496,000 in January after accounting for the adjustment to population controls. (See table A and the note on page 6.) The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs--increased to 62.4 percent over the month. (See table A-1.) The civilian labor force increased by 422,000 in January, when adjustment is made for the effect of population control changes. The labor force parti- cipation rate was essentially unchanged at 66.1 percent. (See tables A and A-1.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The number of persons who were marginally attached to the labor force totaled about 1.7 million in January, about the same as a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they did not actively search for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. There were 432,000 discouraged workers ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | The establishment survey data in this release have been revised | | as a result of the annual benchmarking process and the updating of | | seasonal adjustment factors. See the note on page 5 for more infor- | | mation on the revisions. | | In addition, household survey data for January 2004 reflect updated| | population controls. See the note on page 6 for more information. | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ______________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Dec.- Category | 2003 | 2003 | 2004 | Jan. |_________________|_________________|________|change1/ | III | IV | Nov. | Dec. | Jan. | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force.....| 146,628| 146,986| 147,187| 146,878| 146,863| 422 Employment.............| 137,647| 138,369| 138,533| 138,479| 138,566| 496 Unemployment...........| 8,981| 8,616| 8,653| 8,398| 8,297| -74 Not in labor force.......| 74,885| 75,290| 75,093| 75,631| 75,298| -210 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers..............| 6.1| 5.9| 5.9| 5.7| 5.6| -0.1 Adult men..............| 5.8| 5.5| 5.6| 5.3| 5.1| -.2 Adult women............| 5.2| 5.1| 5.1| 5.1| 5.0| -.1 Teenagers..............| 17.5| 16.3| 15.7| 16.1| 16.7| .6 White..................| 5.4| 5.1| 5.2| 5.0| 4.9| -.1 Black or African | | | | | American.............| 11.0| 10.7| 10.4| 10.3| 10.5| .2 Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | ethnicity............| 7.8| 7.1| 7.4| 6.6| 7.3| .7 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA 2/ | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment.......| 129,820|p130,005| 130,027|p130,043|p130,155| p112 Goods-producing 3/.....| 21,718| p21,677| 21,686| p21,670| p21,677| p7 Construction.........| 6,738| p6,770| 6,771| p6,784| p6,808| p24 Manufacturing........| 14,410| p14,337| 14,344| p14,317| p14,306| p-11 Service-providing 3/...| 108,102|p108,328| 108,341|p108,373|p108,478| p105 Retail trade.........| 14,912| p14,917| 14,922| p14,881| p14,957| p76 Professional and | | | | | | business services..| 16,023| p16,114| 16,114| p16,159| p16,137| p-22 Education and health | | | | | | services...........| 16,594| p16,706| 16,705| p16,734| p16,756| p22 Leisure and | | | | | | hospitality........| 12,120| p12,173| 12,178| p12,193| p12,214| p21 Government...........| 21,560| p21,548| 21,544| p21,539| p21,526| p-13 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 4/ |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 33.6| p33.7| 33.8| p33.5| p33.7| p0.2 Manufacturing..........| 40.2| p40.6| 40.8| p40.6| p40.9| p.3 Overtime.............| 4.1| p4.5| 4.5| p4.6| p4.6| p.0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 4/ |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 98.2| p98.6| 99.0| p98.0| p98.8| p0.8 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 4/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| $15.41| p$15.45| $15.46| p$15.47| p$15.49| p$0.02 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| 517.67| p520.26| 522.55| p518.25| p522.01| p3.76 _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1 Changes in household data levels reflect an adjustment to remove the effect of updated population controls. See the note on page 6 for more information. 2 Establishment data have been revised to reflect March 2003 benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors. See the note on page 5 for more information. 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 4 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - in January. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 1.2 million marginally attached had not searched for work for reasons such as school or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 112,000 in January to 130.2 million, seasonally adjusted. Since August, payroll employment has grown by 366,000. Retail trade and construction added jobs in January on a seasonally adjusted basis. Manufacturing job losses continued, but at the slower pace that has prevailed in recent months. Employment in temporary help services edged lower, following 8 months of gains. (See table B-1.) Retail trade employment increased by 76,000 over the month, after seasonal adjustment. The industry had lost a total of 67,000 jobs in November and December. Weak holiday hiring in general merchandise, sporting goods, and miscellaneous stores meant that there were fewer workers to lay off in January, resulting in seasonally adjusted employment gains for the month. Building material and garden supply stores added 14,000 jobs, reflecting continued strength in the housing market, and food stores also added 14,000 jobs. Employment in construction continued to trend upward in January (24,000), and has risen by 147,000 since last March. About a third of the January increase was in heavy construction. Manufacturing employment edged down (-11,000). Small job losses continued throughout most of nondurable goods. Employment in durable goods manufactur- ing was about unchanged in January. The durable goods sector of wholesale trade continued to trend up; since October the industry has added 28,000 jobs. Employment in education and health services was up over the month. Out- patient care centers and hospitals added 6,000 and 5,000 jobs, respectively. Accounting and bookkeeping, which includes tax preparation services, lost 18,000 jobs in January (after seasonal adjustment), offsetting gains in the prior 2 months. Employment in temporary help services edged down (-21,000); this follows 8 consecutive months of gains totaling 184,000. Within the financial activities industry, employment in securities, commod- ity contracts, and investments increased by 7,000 in January. This industry has added 23,000 jobs since August. In January, employment fell by 5,000 in mining. The decline was concen- trated in nonmetallic minerals, such as stone, sand, and gravel. - 4 - Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.2 hour in January to 33.7 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek increased by 0.3 hour to 40.9 hours, and manufacturing overtime was unchanged at 4.6 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.8 percent to 98.8 in January (2002=100). The manufacturing index increased by 0.6 percent over the month to 94.1. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 2 cents over the month to $15.49, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.7 percent in January to $522.01. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 2.0 percent, and average weekly earnings increased by 1.7 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for February 2004 is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 5, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). - 5 - Revisions to Establishment Survey Data In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data have been revised to reflect comprehensive universe counts of payroll jobs, or benchmarks. These counts are derived principally from unemployment insurance tax records for March 2003. The benchmark process resulted in revisions to all unadjusted data series from April 2002 forward, the time period since the last benchmark was established. All seasonally adjusted data series beginning with January 1999 were subject to revision, in accordance with the usual practice of revis- ing 5 years of data. In addition, because of revisions to the base-year data for the indexes presented in tables B-5 and B-6 of this release, the entire historical data series for those indexes were subject to revision. Previously, the revised establishment survey data were published in June of each year; earlier receipt and tabulation of the benchmark source material made it fea- sible to accelerate the publication date to February. Table B presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis for January through December 2003. The revised data for April 2003 forward incorporate the effect of applying the rate of change measured by the sample to the new benchmark level, as well as updated net business birth/ death model adjustments and new seasonal adjustment factors. The November and December 2003 revisions also reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into the November final and December second preliminary estimates. The total nonfarm employment level for March 2003 was revised downward by 122,000 (163,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The previously published level for December 2003 was revised downward by 77,000 (81,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The February 2004 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article that discusses the benchmark and post-benchmark revisions. This issue also will provide revised estimates for all regularly published tables containing national establishment survey data on employment, hours, and earnings. LABSTAT, the BLS public database on the Internet, contains all revised historical CES data. The data can be accessed through the CES homepage (http://www.bls.gov/ces/). Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained by calling 202-691-6555 or via the Internet on the CES homepage. Table B. Revisions in total nonfarm employment, seasonally adjusted, January-December 2003 (In thousands) _______________________________________________________________________ | | | Levels | Over-the-month changes |---------------------|--------------------------------- Year and month| As | As | As | As | |previously| revised |previously| revised | Difference |published | |published | | _______________|__________|__________|__________|__________|___________ 2003 | | | | | January........| 130,356 | 130,190 | 158 | 94 | -64 February.......| 130,235 | 130,031 | -121 | -159 | -38 March..........| 130,084 | 129,921 | -151 | -110 | 41 April..........| 130,062 | 129,901 | -22 | -20 | 2 May............| 129,986 | 129,873 | -76 | -28 | 48 June...........| 129,903 | 129,859 | -83 | -14 | 69 July...........| 129,846 | 129,814 | -57 | -45 | 12 August.........| 129,881 | 129,789 | 35 | -25 | -60 September......| 129,980 | 129,856 | 99 | 67 | -32 October........| 130,080 | 129,944 | 100 | 88 | -12 November.......| 130,123 | 130,027 | 43 | 83 | 40 December(p)....| 130,124 | 130,043 | 1 | 16 | 15 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- p = preliminary. - 6 - Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey Effective with the data for January 2004, updated population controls have been used in the household survey. Population controls for the household sur- vey are developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates the controls to reflect new information and assumptions about the growth of the population. The change in population reflected in the new con- trols results primarily from adjustments to the estimates of net international migration. Official population and labor force estimates for December 2003 and earlier months will not be revised. To assess the impact of the updated population controls on trend growth, however, December 2003 estimates for selected data series (not seasonally adjusted) were recalculated using the new controls, and the differences from estimates based on the old controls are shown in table C. The adjustments decreased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population by 560,000, of the civilian labor force by 437,000, and of employ- ment by 409,000; the new population controls had a negligible impact on unem- ployment rates and other percentage estimates. More detailed information on the population adjustments and their effect on national labor force estimates are available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps04adj.pdf on the Internet and also will be published in the February 2004 issue of Employment and Earnings. Table C. Effect of the revised population controls on December 2003 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | His- | | | | | Black | | panic Category | | | | | or | | or |Total| Men |Women|White|African|Asian| Latino | | | | | Ameri-| | ethni- | | | | | can | | city ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Civilian noninstitutional | | | | | | | population ..............| -560| -165| -395| -445| -60 | -44| -583 Civilian labor force ....| -437| -163| -274| -360| -33 | -39| -446 Employed.............. | -409| -152| -258| -339| -29 | -37| -421 Unemployed.............| -27| -11| -16| -22| -4 | -2| -25 Unemployment rate....| .0| .0| .0| .0| .0 | .0| .0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Detail for men and women may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. - 7 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap- proximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System. - 8 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super- sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in- dependently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di- rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. - 9 - For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to ad- just only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 290,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -190,000 to 390,000 (100,000 +/- 290,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 4 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 270,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. - 10 - Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi- ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de- rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household and establishment survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." For the establish- ment survey data, the sampling error measures and the actual size of re- visions due to benchmark adjustments appear in tables 2-B through 2-F of Employment and Earnings. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2003 2003 2004 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 219,897 222,509 222,161 219,897 221,779 222,039 222,279 222,509 222,161 Civilian labor force............................ 145,301 146,501 146,068 145,875 146,610 146,892 147,187 146,878 146,863 Participation rate........................ 66.1 65.8 65.7 66.3 66.1 66.2 66.2 66.0 66.1 Employed...................................... 135,907 138,556 136,924 137,447 137,644 138,095 138,533 138,479 138,566 Employment-population ratio............... 61.8 62.3 61.6 62.5 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.2 62.4 Unemployed.................................... 9,395 7,945 9,144 8,428 8,966 8,797 8,653 8,398 8,297 Unemployment rate......................... 6.5 5.4 6.3 5.8 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.6 Not in labor force.............................. 74,596 76,007 76,093 74,022 75,168 75,147 75,093 75,631 75,298 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,779 4,355 4,913 4,644 4,816 4,885 4,572 4,714 4,747 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 105,767 107,123 107,072 105,767 106,744 106,879 107,003 107,123 107,072 Civilian labor force............................ 77,306 78,413 78,320 77,722 78,504 78,530 78,799 78,661 78,823 Participation rate........................ 73.1 73.2 73.1 73.5 73.5 73.5 73.6 73.4 73.6 Employed...................................... 71,716 73,901 73,096 72,958 73,488 73,643 73,915 74,085 74,343 Employment-population ratio............... 67.8 69.0 68.3 69.0 68.8 68.9 69.1 69.2 69.4 Unemployed.................................... 5,590 4,512 5,224 4,764 5,016 4,887 4,883 4,576 4,480 Unemployment rate......................... 7.2 5.8 6.7 6.1 6.4 6.2 6.2 5.8 5.7 Not in labor force.............................. 28,461 28,710 28,752 28,045 28,240 28,348 28,204 28,462 28,249 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 97,635 98,927 98,866 97,635 98,568 98,696 98,814 98,927 98,866 Civilian labor force............................ 73,896 74,984 74,965 74,014 74,905 74,942 75,188 75,044 75,171 Participation rate........................ 75.7 75.8 75.8 75.8 76.0 75.9 76.1 75.9 76.0 Employed...................................... 69,001 71,024 70,371 69,940 70,596 70,726 70,964 71,099 71,329 Employment-population ratio............... 70.7 71.8 71.2 71.6 71.6 71.7 71.8 71.9 72.1 Unemployed.................................... 4,895 3,960 4,594 4,075 4,309 4,216 4,224 3,945 3,842 Unemployment rate......................... 6.6 5.3 6.1 5.5 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.1 Not in labor force.............................. 23,739 23,943 23,901 23,620 23,663 23,754 23,626 23,882 23,694 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 114,130 115,386 115,089 114,130 115,035 115,160 115,276 115,386 115,089 Civilian labor force............................ 67,995 68,089 67,749 68,153 68,106 68,362 68,388 68,217 68,040 Participation rate........................ 59.6 59.0 58.9 59.7 59.2 59.4 59.3 59.1 59.1 Employed...................................... 64,191 64,656 63,828 64,489 64,155 64,452 64,618 64,394 64,223 Employment-population ratio............... 56.2 56.0 55.5 56.5 55.8 56.0 56.1 55.8 55.8 Unemployed.................................... 3,804 3,433 3,920 3,665 3,951 3,910 3,770 3,823 3,817 Unemployment rate......................... 5.6 5.0 5.8 5.4 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.6 Not in labor force.............................. 46,135 47,298 47,340 45,976 46,929 46,799 46,888 47,169 47,050 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 106,235 107,404 107,131 106,235 107,080 107,197 107,303 107,404 107,131 Civilian labor force............................ 64,578 64,855 64,434 64,490 64,608 64,899 64,917 64,846 64,515 Participation rate........................ 60.8 60.4 60.1 60.7 60.3 60.5 60.5 60.4 60.2 Employed...................................... 61,294 61,823 61,050 61,391 61,191 61,524 61,597 61,521 61,260 Employment-population ratio............... 57.7 57.6 57.0 57.8 57.1 57.4 57.4 57.3 57.2 Unemployed.................................... 3,284 3,031 3,385 3,100 3,417 3,375 3,320 3,326 3,255 Unemployment rate......................... 5.1 4.7 5.3 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 Not in labor force.............................. 41,657 42,550 42,697 41,745 42,472 42,299 42,387 42,558 42,617 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 16,027 16,178 16,164 16,027 16,131 16,145 16,162 16,178 16,164 Civilian labor force............................ 6,828 6,663 6,669 7,371 7,097 7,051 7,082 6,987 7,177 Participation rate........................ 42.6 41.2 41.3 46.0 44.0 43.7 43.8 43.2 44.4 Employed...................................... 5,612 5,709 5,503 6,117 5,857 5,846 5,972 5,859 5,977 Employment-population ratio............... 35.0 35.3 34.0 38.2 36.3 36.2 37.0 36.2 37.0 Unemployed.................................... 1,216 954 1,166 1,254 1,240 1,205 1,109 1,128 1,200 Unemployment rate......................... 17.8 14.3 17.5 17.0 17.5 17.1 15.7 16.1 16.7 Not in labor force.............................. 9,200 9,515 9,495 8,656 9,034 9,094 9,080 9,191 8,987 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, race, sex, and age Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2003 2003 2004 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 180,460 182,185 181,879 180,460 181,696 181,871 182,032 182,185 181,879 Civilian labor force............................ 119,712 120,453 120,099 120,117 120,411 120,736 121,041 120,751 120,723 Participation rate.......................... 66.3 66.1 66.0 66.6 66.3 66.4 66.5 66.3 66.4 Employed...................................... 112,735 114,702 113,348 113,985 114,015 114,535 114,783 114,678 114,765 Employment-population ratio................. 62.5 63.0 62.3 63.2 62.8 63.0 63.1 62.9 63.1 Unemployed.................................... 6,978 5,751 6,751 6,132 6,397 6,200 6,258 6,073 5,958 Unemployment rate........................... 5.8 4.8 5.6 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.0 4.9 Not in labor force.............................. 60,748 61,732 61,780 60,343 61,285 61,135 60,991 61,434 61,156 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 61,915 62,656 62,549 62,081 62,552 62,694 62,913 62,752 62,799 Participation rate.......................... 76.0 76.1 76.1 76.2 76.2 76.3 76.5 76.2 76.4 Employed...................................... 58,164 59,680 59,066 59,050 59,414 59,623 59,777 59,794 59,969 Employment-population ratio................. 71.4 72.5 71.9 72.5 72.4 72.6 72.7 72.6 73.0 Unemployed.................................... 3,752 2,975 3,483 3,031 3,139 3,072 3,136 2,957 2,830 Unemployment rate........................... 6.1 4.7 5.6 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.7 4.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 52,078 52,227 52,005 51,866 51,942 52,183 52,210 52,199 51,954 Participation rate.......................... 60.2 59.8 59.7 59.9 59.6 59.9 59.9 59.8 59.6 Employed...................................... 49,783 50,186 49,599 49,692 49,580 49,892 49,932 49,941 49,668 Employment-population ratio................. 57.5 57.5 56.9 57.4 56.9 57.2 57.2 57.2 57.0 Unemployed.................................... 2,295 2,040 2,406 2,174 2,362 2,291 2,279 2,258 2,286 Unemployment rate........................... 4.4 3.9 4.6 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 5,719 5,571 5,545 6,170 5,917 5,858 5,918 5,800 5,970 Participation rate.......................... 45.8 44.3 44.1 49.4 47.2 46.7 47.1 46.1 47.5 Employed...................................... 4,788 4,835 4,683 5,243 5,020 5,020 5,074 4,942 5,128 Employment-population ratio................. 38.3 38.4 37.3 42.0 40.0 40.0 40.4 39.3 40.8 Unemployed.................................... 930 736 862 927 896 838 843 857 842 Unemployment rate........................... 16.3 13.2 15.5 15.0 15.1 14.3 14.3 14.8 14.1 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,484 25,894 25,867 25,484 25,784 25,825 25,860 25,894 25,867 Civilian labor force............................ 16,270 16,422 16,420 16,443 16,677 16,589 16,524 16,365 16,602 Participation rate.......................... 63.8 63.4 63.5 64.5 64.7 64.2 63.9 63.2 64.2 Employed...................................... 14,496 14,828 14,655 14,717 14,826 14,696 14,812 14,679 14,866 Employment-population ratio................. 56.9 57.3 56.7 57.8 57.5 56.9 57.3 56.7 57.5 Unemployed.................................... 1,774 1,594 1,765 1,727 1,851 1,893 1,712 1,686 1,736 Unemployment rate........................... 10.9 9.7 10.7 10.5 11.1 11.4 10.4 10.3 10.5 Not in labor force.............................. 9,214 9,472 9,447 9,040 9,107 9,236 9,336 9,529 9,265 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,258 7,422 7,453 7,252 7,433 7,385 7,414 7,382 7,450 Participation rate.......................... 71.3 71.6 71.9 71.2 72.0 71.4 71.6 71.2 71.8 Employed...................................... 6,419 6,718 6,662 6,498 6,619 6,611 6,668 6,695 6,737 Employment-population ratio................. 63.0 64.8 64.2 63.8 64.1 63.9 64.4 64.6 65.0 Unemployed.................................... 840 704 791 754 814 774 746 687 713 Unemployment rate........................... 11.6 9.5 10.6 10.4 11.0 10.5 10.1 9.3 9.6 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,299 8,325 8,275 8,380 8,436 8,425 8,401 8,276 8,358 Participation rate.......................... 64.2 63.4 63.2 64.8 64.5 64.4 64.1 63.1 63.8 Employed...................................... 7,575 7,595 7,522 7,656 7,664 7,596 7,639 7,471 7,595 Employment-population ratio................. 58.6 57.9 57.5 59.2 58.6 58.0 58.3 56.9 58.0 Unemployed.................................... 724 730 752 724 772 829 762 805 762 Unemployment rate........................... 8.7 8.8 9.1 8.6 9.2 9.8 9.1 9.7 9.1 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 712 675 692 812 808 779 710 707 794 Participation rate.......................... 30.1 28.1 28.8 34.3 33.8 32.5 29.6 29.4 33.1 Employed...................................... 503 514 471 563 543 489 505 514 533 Employment-population ratio................. 21.3 21.4 19.6 23.8 22.7 20.4 21.0 21.4 22.2 Unemployed.................................... 210 161 221 249 264 290 205 193 261 Unemployment rate........................... 29.4 23.8 32.0 30.6 32.7 37.3 28.9 27.3 32.9 ASIAN Civilian noninstutional population................ 8,992 9,372 9,337 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Civilian labor force............................ 6,036 6,272 6,213 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 67.1 66.9 66.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 5,698 5,938 5,892 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 63.4 63.4 63.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 338 334 321 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 5.6 5.3 5.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Not in labor force.............................. 2,956 3,101 3,124 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2003 2003 2004 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 26,994 28,116 27,619 26,994 27,808 27,913 28,016 28,116 27,619 Civilian labor force............................ 18,540 19,031 18,715 18,584 18,877 18,940 19,125 19,035 18,811 Participation rate.......................... 68.7 67.7 67.8 68.8 67.9 67.9 68.3 67.7 68.1 Employed...................................... 16,908 17,785 17,169 17,119 17,456 17,556 17,709 17,784 17,441 Employment-population ratio................. 62.6 63.3 62.2 63.4 62.8 62.9 63.2 63.3 63.2 Unemployed.................................... 1,632 1,246 1,546 1,465 1,421 1,383 1,416 1,250 1,370 Unemployment rate........................... 8.8 6.5 8.3 7.9 7.5 7.3 7.4 6.6 7.3 Not in labor force.............................. 8,454 9,085 8,904 8,410 8,931 8,974 8,891 9,082 8,807 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 10,488 11,015 10,782 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 83.8 84.2 84.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 9,703 10,381 10,001 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 77.6 79.3 77.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 785 634 782 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 7.5 5.8 7.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,110 7,126 7,033 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 59.4 57.2 57.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 6,509 6,666 6,468 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 54.4 53.5 53.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 601 459 565 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 8.4 6.4 8.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 943 890 899 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 37.5 34.6 34.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 696 738 699 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 27.6 28.7 27.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 247 152 200 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 26.2 17.1 22.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2003 2003 2004 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force...................... 12,631 12,640 12,376 12,562 12,577 12,672 12,764 12,712 12,356 Participation rate.................... 44.0 44.6 44.4 43.8 44.8 45.7 45.6 44.9 44.3 Employed................................ 11,305 11,554 11,050 11,473 11,478 11,551 11,677 11,678 11,271 Employment-population ratio........... 39.4 40.8 39.7 40.0 40.9 41.6 41.7 41.2 40.4 Unemployed.............................. 1,326 1,086 1,326 1,088 1,099 1,121 1,087 1,034 1,085 Unemployment rate..................... 10.5 8.6 10.7 8.7 8.7 8.8 8.5 8.1 8.8 High school graduates, no college (1) Civilian labor force...................... 38,224 38,170 38,013 37,798 37,967 37,887 38,241 37,958 37,662 Participation rate.................... 64.1 63.8 63.5 63.4 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.5 63.0 Employed................................ 35,895 36,131 35,837 35,845 35,932 35,807 36,179 35,868 35,829 Employment-population ratio........... 60.2 60.4 59.9 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.0 59.9 Unemployed.............................. 2,330 2,039 2,176 1,953 2,036 2,080 2,061 2,090 1,832 Unemployment rate..................... 6.1 5.3 5.7 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.5 4.9 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force...................... 34,100 34,101 33,770 34,135 33,983 33,841 33,727 33,932 33,810 Participation rate.................... 73.1 72.6 72.4 73.2 72.8 72.4 72.4 72.2 72.5 Employed................................ 32,343 32,658 32,130 32,500 32,357 32,222 32,114 32,400 32,276 Employment-population ratio........... 69.3 69.5 68.9 69.7 69.4 68.9 68.9 69.0 69.2 Unemployed.............................. 1,756 1,443 1,640 1,635 1,626 1,619 1,613 1,532 1,535 Unemployment rate..................... 5.2 4.2 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.5 Bachelor's degree and higher (2) Civilian labor force...................... 38,787 40,206 40,290 38,885 39,825 40,504 40,536 40,515 40,450 Participation rate.................... 78.8 78.4 78.1 79.0 77.6 78.0 78.7 79.0 78.4 Employed................................ 37,553 39,078 39,055 37,725 38,559 39,267 39,292 39,291 39,277 Employment-population ratio........... 76.3 76.2 75.7 76.6 75.1 75.6 76.3 76.6 76.1 Unemployed.............................. 1,234 1,128 1,235 1,160 1,265 1,237 1,244 1,224 1,173 Unemployment rate..................... 3.2 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 1 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2003 2003 2004 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries....... 2,134 2,053 1,999 2,301 2,341 2,410 2,418 2,245 2,163 Wage and salary workers................ 1,091 1,168 1,087 1,215 1,437 1,465 1,440 1,294 1,220 Self-employed workers.................. 1,014 870 900 1,062 886 938 953 919 929 Unpaid family workers.................. 29 15 13 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Nonagricultural industries............... 133,773 136,503 134,925 135,176 135,401 135,722 136,172 136,180 136,306 Wage and salary workers................ 124,501 126,984 125,433 125,687 125,860 126,183 126,466 126,661 126,664 Government........................... 19,924 19,821 19,800 19,732 19,725 19,797 19,609 19,694 19,681 Private industries................... 104,578 107,163 105,633 105,894 106,136 106,400 106,876 107,110 107,019 Private households................. 692 780 811 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other industries................... 103,886 106,383 104,822 105,192 105,351 105,662 106,129 106,382 106,204 Self-employed workers.................. 9,216 9,412 9,396 9,340 9,401 9,460 9,541 9,477 9,501 Unpaid family workers.................. 56 107 96 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2) All industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 5,135 4,833 5,270 4,572 4,896 4,800 4,880 4,788 4,714 Slack work or business conditions.... 3,566 3,327 3,459 3,019 3,185 3,030 3,226 3,205 2,996 Could only find part-time work....... 1,245 1,182 1,420 1,266 1,334 1,356 1,350 1,295 1,380 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,374 19,543 19,229 19,158 19,021 18,935 19,110 18,561 18,905 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 5,003 4,717 5,152 4,451 4,794 4,690 4,782 4,727 4,613 Slack work or business conditions.... 3,494 3,248 3,382 2,952 3,127 2,964 3,153 3,144 2,911 Could only find part-time work....... 1,224 1,178 1,416 1,239 1,335 1,349 1,353 1,279 1,399 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,005 19,246 18,910 18,710 18,633 18,628 18,752 18,367 18,636 1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2003 2003 2004 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 135,907 138,556 136,924 137,447 137,644 138,095 138,533 138,479 138,566 16 to 19 years.................................. 5,612 5,709 5,503 6,117 5,857 5,846 5,972 5,859 5,977 16 to 17 years................................ 2,138 2,175 2,117 2,428 2,253 2,227 2,361 2,292 2,367 18 to 19 years................................ 3,473 3,534 3,386 3,713 3,593 3,607 3,592 3,562 3,605 20 years and over............................... 130,295 132,847 131,421 131,330 131,787 132,250 132,561 132,620 132,589 20 to 24 years................................ 13,200 13,426 13,349 13,508 13,396 13,437 13,371 13,413 13,609 25 years and over............................. 117,095 119,421 118,072 117,845 118,437 118,785 119,106 119,168 118,930 25 to 54 years.............................. 96,361 97,613 96,455 96,961 97,150 97,233 97,422 97,436 97,161 25 to 34 years............................ 30,025 30,384 29,976 30,356 30,288 30,296 30,389 30,340 30,326 35 to 44 years............................ 34,955 34,861 34,310 35,096 34,880 34,829 34,909 34,819 34,506 45 to 54 years............................ 31,382 32,368 32,168 31,508 31,982 32,107 32,125 32,277 32,328 55 years and over........................... 20,734 21,808 21,617 20,884 21,287 21,552 21,683 21,732 21,769 Men, 16 years and over............................ 71,716 73,901 73,096 72,958 73,488 73,643 73,915 74,085 74,343 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,715 2,877 2,724 3,018 2,893 2,917 2,951 2,986 3,014 16 to 17 years................................ 1,002 1,072 975 1,192 1,071 1,101 1,189 1,153 1,157 18 to 19 years................................ 1,713 1,805 1,750 1,845 1,802 1,796 1,779 1,817 1,862 20 years and over............................... 69,001 71,024 70,371 69,940 70,596 70,726 70,964 71,099 71,329 20 to 24 years................................ 6,936 6,993 7,018 7,148 7,020 7,038 7,050 7,048 7,198 25 years and over............................. 62,066 64,031 63,353 62,867 63,512 63,670 63,876 64,061 64,167 25 to 54 years.............................. 51,073 52,386 51,716 51,736 52,137 52,168 52,293 52,441 52,416 25 to 34 years............................ 16,284 16,748 16,515 16,540 16,657 16,660 16,747 16,740 16,773 35 to 44 years............................ 18,624 18,825 18,493 18,816 18,866 18,828 18,844 18,857 18,712 45 to 54 years............................ 16,165 16,813 16,709 16,380 16,614 16,681 16,702 16,843 16,931 55 years and over........................... 10,993 11,645 11,637 11,131 11,375 11,501 11,583 11,620 11,751 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 64,191 64,656 63,828 64,489 64,155 64,452 64,618 64,394 64,223 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,897 2,833 2,779 3,098 2,964 2,928 3,021 2,873 2,963 16 to 17 years................................ 1,137 1,103 1,142 1,236 1,183 1,126 1,172 1,139 1,210 18 to 19 years................................ 1,760 1,729 1,637 1,867 1,791 1,812 1,813 1,745 1,743 20 years and over............................... 61,294 61,823 61,050 61,391 61,191 61,524 61,597 61,521 61,260 20 to 24 years................................ 6,264 6,434 6,331 6,359 6,376 6,398 6,321 6,365 6,411 25 years and over............................. 55,030 55,390 54,719 54,978 54,925 55,116 55,230 55,107 54,763 25 to 54 years.............................. 45,289 45,227 44,738 45,225 45,013 45,065 45,130 44,996 44,745 25 to 34 years............................ 13,741 13,636 13,462 13,816 13,631 13,637 13,642 13,599 13,554 35 to 44 years............................ 16,331 16,036 15,817 16,280 16,015 16,001 16,065 15,962 15,794 45 to 54 years............................ 15,216 15,554 15,460 15,128 15,367 15,427 15,423 15,434 15,397 55 years and over........................... 9,741 10,163 9,981 9,753 9,912 10,051 10,100 10,112 10,018 Married men, spouse present....................... 43,964 45,562 45,122 44,328 44,566 44,684 45,152 45,431 45,490 Married women, spouse present..................... 34,706 35,217 34,729 34,477 34,612 34,993 35,076 35,034 34,585 Women who maintain families....................... 8,577 8,501 8,479 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Full-time workers (2)............................. 111,077 113,942 112,171 112,777 113,321 113,677 114,024 114,597 113,976 Part-time workers (3)............................. 24,830 24,614 24,753 24,392 24,446 24,460 24,569 24,023 24,306 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1) (in thousands) Characteristic Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2003 2003 2004 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 8,428 8,398 8,297 5.8 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.6 16 to 19 years.................................. 1,254 1,128 1,200 17.0 17.5 17.1 15.7 16.1 16.7 16 to 17 years................................ 542 515 527 18.3 19.3 20.2 17.5 18.3 18.2 18 to 19 years................................ 713 613 672 16.1 16.2 15.2 14.7 14.7 15.7 20 years and over............................... 7,174 7,271 7,097 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.1 20 to 24 years................................ 1,413 1,431 1,475 9.5 10.6 10.1 10.4 9.6 9.8 25 years and over............................. 5,733 5,853 5,623 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.5 25 to 54 years.............................. 4,885 5,033 4,811 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.7 25 to 34 years............................ 1,917 1,932 1,835 5.9 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.0 5.7 35 to 44 years............................ 1,685 1,755 1,630 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.5 45 to 54 years............................ 1,283 1,346 1,346 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 55 years and over........................... 887 883 827 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7 Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,764 4,576 4,480 6.1 6.4 6.2 6.2 5.8 5.7 16 to 19 years.................................. 689 631 638 18.6 19.6 18.7 18.3 17.4 17.5 16 to 17 years................................ 288 261 277 19.5 22.1 20.4 18.3 18.4 19.3 18 to 19 years................................ 402 369 360 17.9 18.2 17.9 18.1 16.9 16.2 20 years and over............................... 4,075 3,945 3,842 5.5 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.1 20 to 24 years................................ 785 816 847 9.9 11.7 10.8 11.2 10.4 10.5 25 years and over............................. 3,274 3,170 2,995 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.5 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,764 2,683 2,557 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.7 25 to 34 years............................ 1,077 1,051 987 6.1 6.5 6.5 6.3 5.9 5.6 35 to 44 years............................ 945 916 865 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.4 45 to 54 years............................ 743 716 706 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.0 55 years and over........................... 510 487 438 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.6 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 3,665 3,823 3,817 5.4 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.6 16 to 19 years.................................. 565 497 562 15.4 15.2 15.4 13.0 14.7 15.9 16 to 17 years................................ 254 254 249 17.1 16.5 20.1 16.6 18.2 17.1 18 to 19 years................................ 311 243 312 14.3 14.1 12.5 11.1 12.2 15.2 20 years and over............................... 3,100 3,326 3,255 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 20 to 24 years................................ 628 615 628 9.0 9.5 9.3 9.6 8.8 8.9 25 years and over............................. 2,459 2,683 2,628 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,121 2,350 2,254 4.5 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.8 25 to 34 years............................ 840 882 848 5.7 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.9 35 to 44 years............................ 741 839 766 4.4 4.8 5.2 4.9 5.0 4.6 45 to 54 years............................ 540 630 640 3.4 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.0 55 years and over (2)....................... 413 367 423 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.5 4.1 Married men, spouse present....................... 1,666 1,564 1,566 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.3 Married women, spouse present..................... 1,188 1,410 1,338 3.3 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 Women who maintain families (2)................... 746 779 764 8.0 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.4 8.3 Full-time workers (3)............................. 7,076 7,019 6,886 5.9 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.8 5.7 Part-time workers (4)............................. 1,377 1,354 1,397 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.1 5.3 5.4 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2003 2003 2004 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 5,641 4,629 5,195 4,631 4,947 4,877 4,719 4,618 4,382 On temporary layoff............................. 1,698 1,137 1,580 1,094 1,110 1,097 1,055 1,060 1,028 Not on temporary layoff......................... 3,943 3,492 3,614 3,536 3,837 3,780 3,664 3,558 3,353 Permanent job losers.......................... 2,884 2,681 2,727 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 1,059 811 887 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 841 715 822 825 836 789 931 783 804 Reentrants........................................ 2,392 2,065 2,536 2,374 2,436 2,518 2,440 2,366 2,509 New entrants...................................... 521 536 591 605 684 653 619 694 681 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 60.0 58.3 56.8 54.9 55.6 55.2 54.2 54.6 52.3 On temporary layoff............................ 18.1 14.3 17.3 13.0 12.5 12.4 12.1 12.5 12.3 Not on temporary layoff........................ 42.0 44.0 39.5 41.9 43.1 42.8 42.1 42.0 40.0 Job leavers...................................... 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.8 9.4 8.9 10.7 9.3 9.6 Reentrants....................................... 25.5 26.0 27.7 28.1 27.4 28.5 28.0 28.0 30.0 New entrants..................................... 5.5 6.8 6.5 7.2 7.7 7.4 7.1 8.2 8.1 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 3.9 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 Job leavers...................................... .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .5 Reentrants....................................... 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 New entrants..................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .5 .5 1 Data not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2003 2003 2004 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................. 3,269 2,298 3,031 2,795 2,749 2,733 2,622 2,627 2,612 5 to 14 weeks..................................... 2,806 2,439 2,591 2,573 2,736 2,585 2,556 2,450 2,394 15 weeks and over................................. 3,320 3,208 3,522 3,175 3,511 3,478 3,484 3,403 3,365 15 to 26 weeks................................. 1,492 1,343 1,535 1,444 1,438 1,460 1,448 1,513 1,467 27 weeks and over.............................. 1,828 1,865 1,988 1,731 2,073 2,018 2,036 1,890 1,898 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................. 17.8 20.0 19.0 18.5 19.6 19.4 20.0 19.6 19.8 Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.3 10.6 10.4 9.7 10.1 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.7 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks............................... 34.8 28.9 33.2 32.7 30.6 31.1 30.3 31.0 31.2 5 to 14 weeks................................... 29.9 30.7 28.3 30.1 30.4 29.4 29.5 28.9 28.6 15 weeks and over............................... 35.3 40.4 38.5 37.2 39.0 39.5 40.2 40.1 40.2 15 to 26 weeks................................ 15.9 16.9 16.8 16.9 16.0 16.6 16.7 17.8 17.5 27 weeks and over............................. 19.5 23.5 21.7 20.3 23.0 22.9 23.5 22.3 22.7 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 2003 2004 2003 2004 2003 2004 Total, 16 years and over (1)................................ 135,907 136,924 9,395 9,144 6.5 6.3 Management, professional, and related occupations................ 47,715 48,216 1,603 1,473 3.2 3.0 Management, business, and financial operations occupations..... 19,746 19,883 673 553 3.3 2.7 Professional and related occupations........................... 27,969 28,333 929 920 3.2 3.1 Service occupations.............................................. 21,593 21,314 1,730 1,842 7.4 8.0 Sales and office occupations..................................... 35,375 35,254 2,073 2,174 5.5 5.8 Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,974 16,233 992 1,099 5.8 6.3 Office and administrative support occupations.................. 19,401 19,021 1,080 1,075 5.3 5.4 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations..... 13,402 13,975 1,674 1,383 11.1 9.0 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 889 888 145 182 14.0 17.0 Construction and extraction occupations........................ 7,505 8,019 1,216 935 13.9 10.4 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.............. 5,009 5,068 313 267 5.9 5.0 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations...... 17,821 18,165 1,767 1,637 9.0 8.3 Production occupations......................................... 9,726 9,723 915 807 8.6 7.7 Transportation and material moving occupations................. 8,095 8,442 852 830 9.5 8.9 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment persons rates Industry (in thousands) Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 2003 2004 2003 2004 Total, 16 years and over (1)............... 9,395 9,144 6.5 6.3 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers... 7,820 7,556 7.0 6.7 Mining.......................................... 54 31 9.0 5.8 Construction.................................... 1,196 994 14.0 11.3 Manufacturing................................... 1,302 1,110 7.2 6.4 Durable goods................................. 896 695 7.8 6.4 Nondurable goods.............................. 406 414 6.1 6.3 Wholesale and retail trade...................... 1,342 1,389 6.7 6.5 Transportation and utilities.................... 331 243 6.3 4.6 Information..................................... 243 236 6.7 7.0 Financial activities............................ 327 403 3.6 4.3 Professional and business services.............. 1,112 1,070 8.9 8.7 Education and health services................... 559 662 3.2 3.7 Leisure and hospitality......................... 1,049 1,097 9.3 10.0 Other services.................................. 304 322 5.3 5.3 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers........................................ 159 184 13.2 15.1 Government workers................................ 571 511 2.8 2.5 Self employed and unpaid family workers........... 324 302 3.0 2.8 1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2003 2003 2004 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................. 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.................... 3.9 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)....................... 6.5 5.4 6.3 5.8 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.6 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers..... 6.8 5.7 6.5 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.0 5.9 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.................................................. 7.5 6.4 7.3 6.8 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.7 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers......................................... 11.0 9.6 10.9 9.9 10.4 10.2 10.1 9.9 9.9 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 2003 2004 2003 2004 2003 2004 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 74,596 76,093 28,461 28,752 46,135 47,340 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,779 4,913 2,209 2,108 2,570 2,805 Searched for work and available to work now (1)................ 1,598 1,670 808 786 790 884 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects (2)................... 449 432 243 248 205 184 Reasons other than discouragement (3)................ 1,149 1,238 564 537 584 701 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders (4)..................................... 7,180 7,123 3,519 3,632 3,662 3,491 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.7 5.5 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 3,844 3,722 2,153 2,073 1,692 1,649 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,600 1,681 417 563 1,182 1,117 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 231 227 155 144 76 83 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,465 1,447 772 823 693 624 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. from: 2003 2003 2003p 2004p 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003p 2004p Dec. 2003- Jan. 2004 Total nonfarm......... 128,248 131,071 130,878 128,254 130,190 129,856 129,944 130,027 130,043 130,155 112 Total private........... 106,706 109,109 108,974 106,812 108,572 108,317 108,384 108,483 108,504 108,629 125 Goods-producing............. 21,596 21,830 21,608 21,168 22,122 21,697 21,674 21,686 21,670 21,677 7 Natural resources and mining.... 559 579 569 549 572 568 569 571 569 563 -6 Logging...................... 68.4 70.8 66.6 63.4 70.2 67.4 67.9 67.6 65.8 65.3 -.5 Mining......................... 490.6 507.9 502.4 485.9 502.2 500.8 501.5 503.4 502.7 497.6 -5.1 Oil and gas extraction........ 120.6 123.8 123.4 122.1 120.8 123.6 124.1 123.9 123.4 122.5 -.9 Mining, except oil and gas(1). 195.0 205.0 200.4 190.5 202.9 201.6 202.1 202.4 202.0 198.4 -3.6 Coal mining.................. 70.9 70.1 70.4 69.4 70.9 69.2 69.6 69.5 69.6 69.5 -.1 Support activities for mining. 175.0 179.1 178.6 173.3 178.5 175.6 175.3 177.1 177.3 176.7 -.6 Construction.................... 6,293 6,877 6,703 6,403 6,712 6,754 6,754 6,771 6,784 6,808 24 Construction of buildings..... 1,514.4 1,599.1 1,585.0 1,538.0 1,576.9 1,577.7 1,579.4 1,583.9 1,588.7 1,595.8 7.1 Heavy and civil engineering construction................. 802.9 942.7 886.8 823.7 917.6 915.2 910.8 918.8 923.5 932.4 8.9 Specialty trade contractors... 3,975.5 4,335.0 4,231.2 4,041.6 4,217.6 4,260.9 4,263.7 4,268.6 4,271.4 4,279.3 7.9 Manufacturing................... 14,744 14,374 14,336 14,216 14,838 14,375 14,351 14,344 14,317 14,306 -11 Production workers........... 10,385 10,089 10,055 9,944 10,465 10,077 10,058 10,048 10,038 10,020 -18 Durable goods.................. 9,132 8,890 8,881 8,826 9,180 8,867 8,854 8,874 8,865 8,868 3 Production workers........... 6,284 6,107 6,094 6,039 6,328 6,077 6,066 6,089 6,078 6,076 -2 Wood products................. 533.2 538.0 533.6 526.3 542.9 531.8 533.4 536.3 535.7 535.9 .2 Nonmetallic mineral products.. 481.2 494.5 484.1 472.9 501.2 488.0 486.6 489.7 488.2 491.6 3.4 Primary metals................ 495.2 464.0 465.5 462.5 495.3 466.3 463.4 464.1 464.3 462.0 -2.3 Fabricated metal products..... 1,506.8 1,470.4 1,475.3 1,473.4 1,508.9 1,461.1 1,461.3 1,468.1 1,472.4 1,475.3 2.9 Machinery..................... 1,183.3 1,142.0 1,143.1 1,137.1 1,184.5 1,139.4 1,137.0 1,142.5 1,139.8 1,136.4 -3.4 Computer and electronic products(1).................. 1,409.4 1,334.8 1,335.1 1,331.6 1,411.1 1,339.2 1,332.8 1,334.4 1,331.8 1,332.7 .9 Computer and peripheral equipment................... 234.7 219.0 217.7 218.3 236.1 221.9 219.3 219.1 217.5 219.5 2.0 Communications equipment..... 163.1 153.9 154.0 155.7 163.4 154.1 153.9 154.4 153.9 156.4 2.5 Semiconductors and electronic components.................. 479.9 450.6 452.5 450.0 480.4 453.3 449.4 451.2 451.2 450.0 -1.2 Electronic instruments....... 440.2 425.6 425.4 423.5 439.3 425.2 425.1 425.2 424.7 422.3 -2.4 Electrical equipment and appliances................... 474.7 449.4 451.1 448.5 475.8 452.1 450.8 450.9 450.1 448.8 -1.3 Transportation equipment...... 1,794.2 1,771.9 1,772.5 1,761.6 1,799.9 1,765.6 1,765.5 1,766.5 1,763.0 1,765.8 2.8 Furniture and related products 581.4 569.2 569.7 567.4 584.4 568.0 568.2 568.9 569.4 571.1 1.7 Miscellaneous manufacturing... 672.2 655.4 651.1 644.7 675.9 655.9 655.2 652.7 650.2 648.4 -1.8 Nondurable goods............... 5,612 5,484 5,455 5,390 5,658 5,508 5,497 5,470 5,452 5,438 -14 Production workers........... 4,101 3,982 3,961 3,905 4,137 4,000 3,992 3,959 3,960 3,944 -16 Food manufacturing............ 1,503.5 1,523.5 1,511.5 1,475.5 1,517.4 1,526.0 1,528.2 1,508.3 1,504.6 1,496.1 -8.5 Beverages and tobacco products 198.8 197.6 195.7 192.1 203.4 200.2 201.0 198.3 197.7 197.2 -.5 Textile mills................. 277.6 244.4 240.0 239.0 278.7 250.2 247.0 245.1 241.3 239.8 -1.5 Textile product mills......... 184.2 174.3 174.2 174.8 188.0 173.7 172.6 175.2 175.0 175.8 .8 Apparel....................... 328.9 299.2 293.8 288.4 336.2 299.8 299.7 297.7 295.7 294.2 -1.5 Leather and allied products... 47.1 43.9 43.9 43.4 47.6 44.2 43.7 44.1 44.0 43.7 -.3 Paper and paper products...... 529.0 513.8 511.6 507.6 530.3 513.8 513.3 511.7 510.0 509.0 -1.0 Printing and related support activities................... 682.3 674.2 672.5 665.9 686.3 676.2 673.3 673.1 670.2 669.5 -.7 Petroleum and coal products... 113.5 112.5 110.0 109.5 117.9 112.9 112.6 112.0 111.6 114.0 2.4 Chemicals..................... 919.2 895.0 896.8 891.9 921.0 902.7 899.1 897.6 896.2 893.6 -2.6 Plastics and rubber products.. 828.1 805.8 805.1 801.6 831.5 808.4 806.3 806.5 805.6 804.8 -.8 Service-providing........... 106,652 109,241 109,270 107,086 108,068 108,159 108,270 108,341 108,373 108,478 105 Private service-providing.. 85,110 87,279 87,366 85,644 86,450 86,620 86,710 86,797 86,834 86,952 118 Trade, transportation, and utilities...................... 25,198 25,687 25,881 25,150 25,375 25,252 25,272 25,261 25,218 25,319 101 Wholesale trade................ 5,581.8 5,599.7 5,605.2 5,567.3 5,627.3 5,585.1 5,581.6 5,592.7 5,600.4 5,611.1 10.7 Durable goods................. 2,951.9 2,945.4 2,951.3 2,942.2 2,969.2 2,932.1 2,932.0 2,943.9 2,949.5 2,959.5 10.0 Nondurable goods.............. 1,988.4 1,993.0 1,991.3 1,966.9 2,012.8 1,995.9 1,992.4 1,989.2 1,990.4 1,989.6 -.8 Electronic markets and agents and brokers.................. 641.5 661.3 662.6 658.2 645.3 657.1 657.2 659.6 660.5 662.0 1.5 Retail trade...................14,854.7 15,299.0 15,492.2 14,869.0 14,946.4 14,926.8 14,948.1 14,921.7 14,880.8 14,956.5 75.7 Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)................... 1,856.1 1,896.6 1,887.0 1,873.6 1,879.2 1,889.8 1,889.7 1,892.9 1,893.7 1,896.8 3.1 Automobile dealers........... 1,244.1 1,260.9 1,256.8 1,251.9 1,252.5 1,259.7 1,259.6 1,258.9 1,259.0 1,260.6 1.6 Furniture and home furnishings stores....................... 545.4 559.1 569.0 547.0 545.0 539.7 540.2 544.8 547.9 546.0 -1.9 Electronics and appliance stores....................... 529.2 527.6 540.8 519.3 521.2 506.7 506.5 512.8 514.2 509.6 -4.6 Building material and garden supply stores................ 1,127.6 1,200.4 1,193.7 1,170.5 1,182.3 1,203.4 1,204.0 1,210.0 1,210.5 1,224.0 13.5 Food and beverage stores...... 2,844.6 2,851.3 2,855.4 2,816.0 2,856.2 2,829.4 2,838.7 2,821.4 2,809.8 2,823.7 13.9 Health and personal care stores....................... 937.6 959.3 967.9 956.8 936.0 943.1 948.3 951.6 952.7 954.9 2.2 Gasoline stations............. 877.6 874.9 872.0 866.2 885.2 877.9 873.8 875.2 870.7 873.3 2.6 Clothing and clothing accessories stores........... 1,311.8 1,352.7 1,410.2 1,305.9 1,301.4 1,295.6 1,302.6 1,297.1 1,298.4 1,296.6 -1.8 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores............. 661.7 673.2 706.6 653.2 652.6 642.8 642.0 641.3 636.4 642.9 6.5 General merchandise stores(1). 2,798.9 3,012.7 3,080.2 2,823.9 2,811.1 2,839.9 2,842.9 2,826.4 2,803.2 2,840.2 37.0 Department stores............ 1,651.5 1,754.9 1,798.7 1,627.3 1,644.6 1,623.7 1,623.5 1,612.6 1,612.4 1,618.7 6.3 Miscellaneous store retailers. 929.9 946.5 958.9 915.6 944.1 931.7 933.5 930.9 921.1 929.4 8.3 Nonstore retailers............ 434.3 444.7 450.5 421.0 432.1 426.8 425.9 417.3 422.2 419.1 -3.1 Transportation and warehousing. 4,176.6 4,209.8 4,204.5 4,136.5 4,214.8 4,160.8 4,162.9 4,168.0 4,157.8 4,172.3 14.5 Air transportation............ 556.9 512.6 513.1 508.0 562.0 511.8 506.1 511.5 511.8 510.6 -1.2 Rail transportation........... 213.8 216.6 216.5 214.0 215.1 215.6 215.2 215.5 215.4 215.2 -.2 Water transportation.......... 51.1 49.6 49.0 48.5 53.2 51.5 52.2 50.9 50.6 50.7 .1 Truck transportation.......... 1,298.0 1,347.0 1,342.7 1,310.5 1,328.6 1,328.7 1,329.3 1,335.7 1,337.3 1,339.8 2.5 Transit and ground passenger transportation............... 386.4 398.5 399.1 392.3 378.3 380.7 389.2 385.7 385.9 384.9 -1.0 Pipeline transportation....... 41.1 38.9 38.4 37.5 41.0 39.3 39.0 38.7 38.2 37.5 -.7 Scenic and sightseeing transportation............... 19.5 25.2 25.4 24.6 23.0 28.9 29.0 28.7 30.0 30.5 .5 Support activities for transportation............... 517.8 513.2 514.1 506.4 522.2 515.4 514.3 512.4 511.3 511.3 .0 Couriers and messengers....... 571.6 574.1 581.3 572.4 567.8 566.5 565.0 564.7 560.9 566.7 5.8 Warehousing and storage....... 520.4 534.1 524.9 522.3 523.6 522.4 523.6 524.2 516.4 525.1 8.7 Utilities...................... 584.6 578.3 578.7 576.7 586.6 578.9 579.2 578.9 579.1 578.8 -.3 Information..................... 3,249 3,177 3,190 3,156 3,258 3,175 3,166 3,172 3,175 3,165 -10 Publishing industries, except Internet..................... 937.3 921.2 923.2 910.4 938.1 919.3 918.0 918.4 917.7 911.8 -5.9 Motion picture and sound recording industries......... 378.6 382.9 392.6 382.1 381.0 375.4 373.4 382.7 385.3 383.4 -1.9 Broadcasting, except Internet. 327.7 328.5 331.0 327.8 328.6 327.6 326.0 327.0 328.6 328.6 .0 Internet publishing and broadcasting................. 29.8 30.4 30.2 30.6 30.0 30.1 29.9 30.4 30.4 30.8 .4 Telecommunications............ 1,115.5 1,061.7 1,060.9 1,060.4 1,118.7 1,069.4 1,065.2 1,062.2 1,062.9 1,063.6 .7 ISPs, search portals, and data processing................... 412.2 404.0 403.4 397.6 413.3 405.4 404.8 402.6 401.6 399.1 -2.5 Other information services.... 48.0 48.2 48.3 47.1 48.3 48.0 48.3 48.2 48.3 47.4 -.9 Financial activities............ 7,866 7,972 7,974 7,929 7,915 8,004 7,990 7,985 7,980 7,982 2 Finance and insurance.......... 5,870.1 5,919.8 5,915.9 5,902.6 5,879.2 5,945.6 5,930.2 5,922.7 5,914.7 5,916.0 1.3 Monetary authorities - central bank......................... 23.1 22.5 22.3 22.2 23.1 22.6 22.5 22.5 22.3 22.2 -.1 Credit intermediation and related activities(1)........ 2,746.1 2,787.8 2,784.8 2,779.3 2,747.3 2,808.1 2,801.0 2,790.3 2,783.1 2,783.7 .6 Depository credit intermediation(1)........... 1,742.1 1,754.0 1,755.1 1,758.3 1,741.3 1,757.9 1,760.1 1,758.1 1,756.0 1,758.3 2.3 Commercial banking.......... 1,279.4 1,277.6 1,276.8 1,277.8 1,278.7 1,283.6 1,284.4 1,280.5 1,277.3 1,277.0 -.3 Securities, commodity contracts, investments....... 768.7 768.1 772.1 780.0 770.5 761.7 762.0 769.1 774.4 781.8 7.4 Insurance carriers and related activities................... 2,249.1 2,261.8 2,255.9 2,241.8 2,254.9 2,271.9 2,264.7 2,261.2 2,254.1 2,248.7 -5.4 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles........... 83.1 79.6 80.8 79.3 83.4 81.3 80.0 79.6 80.8 79.6 -1.2 Real estate and rental and leasing....................... 1,995.7 2,052.2 2,057.8 2,026.6 2,036.0 2,057.9 2,060.2 2,062.7 2,065.4 2,066.2 .8 Real estate................... 1,341.4 1,387.8 1,394.2 1,375.5 1,369.1 1,388.8 1,390.6 1,394.5 1,398.0 1,401.8 3.8 Rental and leasing services... 628.3 634.9 633.8 622.1 640.5 639.8 639.9 639.0 637.6 634.8 -2.8 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets............ 26.0 29.5 29.8 29.0 26.4 29.3 29.7 29.2 29.8 29.6 -.2 Professional and business services....................... 15,568 16,232 16,142 15,787 15,902 16,051 16,070 16,114 16,159 16,137 -22 Professional and technical services(1)................... 6,653.6 6,618.1 6,656.6 6,693.3 6,613.2 6,606.3 6,624.1 6,647.9 6,670.5 6,651.5 -19.0 Legal services............... 1,122.8 1,145.5 1,143.0 1,132.9 1,129.9 1,136.6 1,140.4 1,142.9 1,141.7 1,140.9 -.8 Accounting and bookkeeping services.................... 913.8 753.8 792.8 899.6 821.4 802.5 801.5 810.6 821.8 803.7 -18.1 Architectural and engineering services.................... 1,207.8 1,234.6 1,233.5 1,217.5 1,224.0 1,230.1 1,230.9 1,233.9 1,236.8 1,234.3 -2.5 Computer systems design and related services............ 1,116.7 1,107.1 1,108.1 1,105.1 1,115.5 1,103.3 1,107.0 1,105.7 1,105.1 1,104.5 -.6 Management and technical consulting services......... 732.0 764.3 770.0 756.7 740.9 749.3 755.6 760.6 764.3 766.1 1.8 Management of companies and enterprises................... 1,665.0 1,681.9 1,681.7 1,658.2 1,681.1 1,671.7 1,669.1 1,671.6 1,670.3 1,674.5 4.2 Administrative and waste services...................... 7,249.6 7,932.1 7,803.2 7,435.5 7,607.6 7,773.1 7,776.3 7,794.5 7,818.5 7,811.1 -7.4 Administrative and support services(1).................. 6,934.9 7,611.3 7,481.6 7,120.6 7,286.0 7,451.6 7,456.0 7,473.7 7,495.9 7,489.2 -6.7 Employment services(1)....... 3,072.3 3,538.8 3,489.5 3,234.5 3,276.7 3,389.1 3,402.0 3,427.6 3,452.3 3,448.4 -3.9 Temporary help services..... 2,042.6 2,394.6 2,371.4 2,168.5 2,189.3 2,287.2 2,291.7 2,319.4 2,342.7 2,321.3 -21.4 Business support services.... 744.1 756.4 756.8 732.8 746.2 753.2 753.5 746.7 744.4 736.4 -8.0 Services to buildings and dwellings................... 1,483.8 1,650.7 1,576.5 1,508.1 1,613.1 1,645.2 1,639.6 1,639.4 1,641.5 1,642.7 1.2 Waste management and remediation services......... 314.7 320.8 321.6 314.9 321.6 321.5 320.3 320.8 322.6 321.9 -.7 Education and health services... 16,325 16,912 16,885 16,648 16,432 16,622 16,678 16,705 16,734 16,756 22 Educational services........... 2,592.6 2,906.3 2,859.9 2,668.5 2,670.8 2,689.1 2,707.7 2,723.1 2,734.0 2,741.7 7.7 Health care and social assistance....................13,732.0 14,005.8 14,024.8 13,979.0 13,761.1 13,933.3 13,970.0 13,981.5 14,000.1 14,014.3 14.2 Ambulatory health care services(1).................. 4,701.3 4,827.0 4,839.1 4,823.0 4,714.9 4,792.8 4,812.8 4,818.7 4,828.4 4,839.1 10.7 Offices of physicians........ 1,980.3 2,026.3 2,036.8 2,026.3 1,983.3 2,008.2 2,018.5 2,023.3 2,030.2 2,030.2 .0 Outpatient care centers...... 419.9 426.5 424.5 429.2 421.1 422.9 423.3 426.4 423.2 429.6 6.4 Home health care services.... 704.8 738.6 743.0 735.7 707.8 732.8 737.7 735.7 740.1 739.1 -1.0 Hospitals..................... 4,210.1 4,280.9 4,284.6 4,280.4 4,217.3 4,264.4 4,268.9 4,278.1 4,282.6 4,287.7 5.1 Nursing and residential care facilities(1)................ 2,765.5 2,796.4 2,801.0 2,783.9 2,770.4 2,789.3 2,794.2 2,792.8 2,796.1 2,790.8 -5.3 Nursing care facilities...... 1,578.5 1,586.8 1,585.2 1,574.8 1,580.2 1,583.1 1,585.2 1,584.1 1,581.6 1,578.0 -3.6 Social assistance(1).......... 2,055.1 2,101.5 2,100.1 2,091.7 2,058.5 2,086.8 2,094.1 2,091.9 2,093.0 2,096.7 3.7 Child day care services...... 758.6 779.2 777.1 769.8 751.4 765.8 771.6 766.3 766.2 764.3 -1.9 Leisure and hospitality......... 11,568 11,925 11,929 11,655 12,171 12,126 12,147 12,178 12,193 12,214 21 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................... 1,624.9 1,650.1 1,656.3 1,602.4 1,843.8 1,794.4 1,796.9 1,799.4 1,798.7 1,803.7 5.0 Performing arts and spectator sports....................... 339.5 356.0 356.7 338.7 375.4 372.0 369.6 371.7 372.4 372.9 .5 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks.............. 106.8 111.1 109.0 103.9 115.4 113.4 114.2 113.3 112.5 112.5 .0 Amusements, gambling, and recreation................... 1,178.6 1,183.0 1,190.6 1,159.8 1,353.0 1,309.0 1,313.1 1,314.4 1,313.8 1,318.3 4.5 Accommodations and food services...................... 9,942.9 10,275.3 10,272.9 10,052.5 10,327.5 10,331.7 10,350.4 10,378.9 10,393.8 10,409.9 16.1 Accommodations................ 1,709.4 1,694.1 1,689.1 1,660.1 1,809.3 1,739.1 1,733.7 1,751.7 1,758.5 1,747.1 -11.4 Food services and drinking places....................... 8,233.5 8,581.2 8,583.8 8,392.4 8,518.2 8,592.6 8,616.7 8,627.2 8,635.3 8,662.8 27.5 Other services.................. 5,336 5,374 5,365 5,319 5,397 5,390 5,387 5,382 5,375 5,379 4 Repair and maintenance........ 1,225.5 1,231.9 1,227.5 1,225.9 1,236.1 1,240.4 1,237.6 1,234.4 1,231.7 1,236.3 4.6 Personal and laundry services. 1,247.1 1,256.5 1,247.5 1,234.1 1,262.5 1,252.7 1,254.6 1,254.1 1,248.2 1,249.7 1.5 Membership associations and organizations................ 2,863.8 2,885.2 2,890.2 2,859.2 2,898.1 2,896.5 2,895.2 2,893.9 2,895.3 2,893.1 -2.2 Government...................... 21,542 21,962 21,904 21,442 21,618 21,539 21,560 21,544 21,539 21,526 -13 Federal........................ 2,767 2,712 2,741 2,704 2,785 2,747 2,736 2,723 2,722 2,723 1 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service...................... 1,946.3 1,914.6 1,923.3 1,912.4 1,965.0 1,942.1 1,932.9 1,924.9 1,930.5 1,930.3 -.2 U.S. Postal Service........... 820.4 797.7 817.4 791.9 819.8 804.8 803.3 798.1 791.1 792.3 1.2 State government............... 4,950 5,168 5,120 4,926 5,021 5,019 5,031 5,023 5,017 5,002 -15 State government education.... 2,193.4 2,442.2 2,395.5 2,203.0 2,248.9 2,278.8 2,290.4 2,282.5 2,278.1 2,264.3 -13.8 State government, excluding education.................... 2,756.2 2,726.2 2,724.8 2,723.0 2,772.0 2,740.4 2,740.4 2,740.0 2,738.9 2,737.6 -1.3 Local government............... 13,825 14,082 14,043 13,812 13,812 13,773 13,793 13,798 13,800 13,801 1 Local government education.... 7,819.7 8,025.8 8,001.6 7,799.9 7,701.5 7,673.9 7,687.0 7,684.5 7,686.4 7,684.5 -1.9 Local government, excluding education.................... 6,005.6 6,056.4 6,041.5 6,012.1 6,110.6 6,099.3 6,105.9 6,113.1 6,113.2 6,116.3 3.1 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2003 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. from: 2003 2003 2003p 2004p 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003p 2004p Dec. 2003- Jan. 2004 Total private......................... 33.4 34.0 33.6 33.2 33.8 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.5 33.7 0.2 Goods-producing........................... 39.5 40.3 40.1 39.8 39.8 39.8 39.9 40.1 39.9 40.1 .2 Natural resources and mining.................. 42.4 44.2 43.6 43.3 43.4 43.6 43.7 43.9 43.7 44.2 .5 Construction.................................. 37.8 38.3 37.4 37.6 38.7 38.4 38.4 38.5 38.1 38.4 .3 Manufacturing................................. 40.1 41.2 41.3 40.7 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.8 40.6 40.9 .3 Overtime hours............................. 4.0 4.7 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.6 .0 Durable goods................................ 40.5 41.6 41.9 41.2 40.7 40.8 40.9 41.3 41.1 41.4 .3 Overtime hours............................. 4.1 4.8 5.2 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.9 .1 Wood products............................... 39.2 41.5 41.0 40.1 40.1 40.4 40.6 41.2 40.9 40.9 .0 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 41.0 42.6 42.0 41.5 42.1 41.9 42.1 42.4 42.4 42.4 .0 Primary metals.............................. 42.4 42.9 43.5 43.2 42.3 42.2 42.3 42.7 42.7 43.0 .3 Fabricated metal products................... 40.5 41.3 41.6 41.0 40.7 40.7 40.8 40.9 40.7 41.0 .3 Machinery................................... 40.4 41.4 41.8 41.4 40.4 41.0 40.9 41.1 40.9 41.4 .5 Computer and electronic products............ 39.7 41.3 41.3 40.4 40.0 40.6 40.7 40.7 40.4 40.7 .3 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 40.1 41.4 42.1 41.3 40.4 40.6 40.9 40.8 40.9 41.5 .6 Transportation equipment.................... 42.2 43.1 43.7 42.9 42.3 42.0 41.9 42.7 42.7 42.8 .1 Furniture and related products.............. 38.2 40.0 40.6 39.5 38.6 39.1 39.1 39.9 39.9 39.8 -.1 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 38.5 39.2 39.2 39.0 38.9 38.3 38.3 38.9 38.5 39.2 .7 Nondurable goods............................. 39.5 40.6 40.4 39.8 39.7 39.8 39.9 40.1 39.8 40.1 .3 Overtime hours............................. 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 .0 Food manufacturing.......................... 38.7 39.9 39.6 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.3 39.2 39.0 39.5 .5 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 38.2 40.3 38.5 38.9 39.2 39.1 38.8 39.9 38.7 39.8 1.1 Textile mills............................... 39.0 40.2 40.3 40.1 39.0 39.0 39.1 40.0 39.8 39.9 .1 Textile product mills....................... 38.8 40.2 40.3 38.9 39.0 40.7 40.4 40.0 39.5 39.3 -.2 Apparel..................................... 35.7 36.7 36.0 35.1 36.1 35.1 35.8 36.2 35.7 35.5 -.2 Leather and allied products................. 38.8 39.2 40.6 39.2 39.4 38.4 38.9 39.3 40.2 39.7 -.5 Paper and paper products.................... 41.5 42.3 43.0 42.1 41.5 41.2 41.5 41.9 42.1 42.1 .0 Printing and related support activities..... 37.9 39.0 38.7 38.0 38.5 38.2 38.5 38.4 38.2 38.4 .2 Petroleum and coal products................. 44.1 45.8 44.2 43.7 43.5 44.2 44.9 45.6 44.2 43.4 -.8 Chemicals................................... 42.1 43.1 42.8 42.4 42.2 42.2 42.0 42.7 42.3 42.5 .2 Plastics and rubber products................ 40.1 41.1 41.3 40.6 40.3 40.5 40.6 40.7 40.5 40.7 .2 Private service-providing................ 32.0 32.6 32.2 31.9 32.5 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.2 32.3 .1 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 32.9 33.7 33.5 32.9 33.5 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.4 33.6 .2 Wholesale trade.............................. 37.2 38.5 37.7 37.5 37.6 37.8 38.0 38.0 37.8 37.9 .1 Retail trade................................. 30.1 30.7 30.9 30.1 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.7 30.9 .2 Transportation and warehousing............... 36.3 37.5 36.9 36.2 36.9 36.9 37.1 37.0 36.6 36.8 .2 Utilities.................................... 41.1 41.9 40.5 40.5 41.0 40.4 41.0 41.4 40.6 40.5 -.1 Information................................... 35.7 36.8 36.0 35.8 35.9 36.1 36.1 36.3 36.1 36.1 .0 Financial activities.......................... 35.2 36.1 35.2 35.3 35.6 35.4 35.5 35.5 35.2 35.7 .5 Professional and business services............ 33.8 34.3 33.7 33.5 34.3 33.9 34.0 34.1 33.8 34.0 .2 Education and health services................. 32.4 32.7 32.3 32.2 32.5 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.3 32.3 .0 Leisure and hospitality....................... 24.9 25.6 25.1 24.7 25.9 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.5 25.6 .1 Other services................................ 31.7 31.4 31.1 31.0 31.8 31.2 31.3 31.2 31.1 31.1 .0 1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2003 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2003 2003 2003p 2004p 2003 2003 2003p 2004p Total private........................... $15.26 $15.52 $15.50 $15.56 $509.68 $527.68 $520.80 $516.59 Seasonally adjusted.................... 15.18 15.46 15.47 15.49 513.08 522.55 518.25 522.01 Goods-producing............................. 16.56 16.98 17.05 16.94 654.12 684.29 683.71 674.21 Natural resources and mining.................... 17.41 17.75 18.24 18.10 738.18 784.55 795.26 783.73 Construction.................................... 18.69 19.08 19.13 19.03 706.48 730.76 715.46 715.53 Manufacturing................................... 15.61 15.92 16.06 15.97 625.96 655.90 663.28 649.98 Durable goods.................................. 16.35 16.64 16.78 16.64 662.18 692.22 703.08 685.57 Wood products................................. 12.52 12.95 12.92 12.88 490.78 537.43 529.72 516.49 Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 15.62 15.99 16.02 16.03 640.42 681.17 672.84 665.25 Primary metals................................ 18.07 18.32 18.42 18.43 766.17 785.93 801.27 796.18 Fabricated metal products..................... 14.96 15.06 15.23 15.24 605.88 621.98 633.57 624.84 Machinery..................................... 16.10 16.49 16.62 16.35 650.44 682.69 694.72 676.89 Computer and electronic products.............. 16.33 16.78 16.83 16.86 648.30 693.01 695.08 681.14 Electrical equipment and appliances........... 14.09 14.54 14.65 14.39 565.01 601.96 616.77 594.31 Transportation equipment...................... 21.22 21.48 21.74 21.31 895.48 925.79 950.04 914.20 Furniture and related products................ 12.92 13.08 13.10 12.96 493.54 523.20 531.86 511.92 Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 13.12 13.53 13.62 13.66 505.12 530.38 533.90 532.74 Nondurable goods............................... 14.46 14.80 14.90 14.89 571.17 600.88 601.96 592.62 Food manufacturing............................ 12.73 12.91 12.97 12.89 492.65 515.11 513.61 504.00 Beverages and tobacco products................ 17.82 18.64 18.82 19.20 680.72 751.19 724.57 746.88 Textile mills................................. 11.99 12.08 12.22 12.15 467.61 485.62 492.47 487.22 Textile product mills......................... 11.10 11.35 11.38 11.42 430.68 456.27 458.61 444.24 Apparel....................................... 9.30 9.71 9.84 9.76 332.01 356.36 354.24 342.58 Leather and allied products................... 11.50 11.87 11.91 11.97 446.20 465.30 483.55 469.22 Paper and paper products...................... 17.11 17.58 17.61 17.63 710.07 743.63 757.23 742.22 Printing and related support activities....... 15.26 15.48 15.54 15.56 578.35 603.72 601.40 591.28 Petroleum and coal products................... 23.53 24.00 24.21 23.88 1037.67 1099.20 1070.08 1043.56 Chemicals..................................... 18.28 18.77 18.79 18.85 769.59 808.99 804.21 799.24 Plastics and rubber products.................. 13.92 14.27 14.47 14.38 558.19 586.50 597.61 583.83 Private service-providing.................. 14.90 15.13 15.09 15.19 476.80 493.24 485.90 484.56 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.24 14.44 14.34 14.48 468.50 486.63 480.39 476.39 Wholesale trade................................ 17.21 17.56 17.49 17.57 640.21 676.06 659.37 658.88 Retail trade................................... 11.87 11.92 11.90 11.99 357.29 365.94 367.71 360.90 Transportation and warehousing................. 15.99 16.40 16.37 16.36 580.44 615.00 604.05 592.23 Utilities...................................... 24.07 25.50 25.36 25.34 989.28 1068.45 1027.08 1026.27 Information..................................... 20.72 21.28 21.10 21.12 739.70 783.10 759.60 756.10 Financial activities............................ 16.71 17.42 17.28 17.35 588.19 628.86 608.26 612.46 Professional and business services.............. 17.13 17.41 17.31 17.45 578.99 597.16 583.35 584.58 Education and health services................... 15.60 15.79 15.86 15.89 505.44 516.33 512.28 511.66 Leisure and hospitality......................... 8.76 8.83 8.95 8.93 218.12 226.05 224.65 220.57 Other services.................................. 13.99 13.85 13.91 13.91 443.48 434.89 432.60 431.21 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2003 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. change from: 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003p 2004p Dec. 2003- Jan. 2004 Total private: Current dollars........................ $15.18 $15.41 $15.43 $15.46 $15.47 $15.49 0.1 Constant (1982) dollars(2)............. 8.26 8.25 8.28 8.32 8.31 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............................. 16.62 16.91 16.90 16.94 16.99 17.01 .1 Natural resources and mining.................... 17.36 17.66 17.72 17.79 18.19 18.02 -.9 Construction.................................... 18.78 19.05 19.06 19.06 19.07 19.12 .3 Manufacturing................................... 15.58 15.84 15.83 15.89 15.94 15.94 .0 Excluding overtime(4)........................ 14.79 15.06 15.03 15.06 15.09 15.09 .0 Durable goods.................................. 16.32 16.57 16.54 16.58 16.65 16.62 -.2 Nondurable goods............................... 14.43 14.70 14.72 14.79 14.82 14.86 .3 Private service-providing.................. 14.79 15.01 15.03 15.06 15.06 15.08 .1 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.20 14.38 14.41 14.44 14.44 14.44 .0 Wholesale trade................................ 17.19 17.44 17.47 17.47 17.48 17.54 .3 Retail trade................................... 11.83 11.94 11.95 11.97 11.97 11.96 -.1 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.01 16.31 16.32 16.35 16.36 16.38 .1 Utilities...................................... 24.05 24.96 25.17 25.36 25.24 25.34 .4 Information..................................... 20.64 21.21 21.21 21.10 20.98 21.08 .5 Financial activities............................ 16.71 17.27 17.29 17.30 17.32 17.37 .3 Professional and business services.............. 16.98 17.19 17.25 17.29 17.27 17.31 .2 Education and health services................... 15.53 15.70 15.73 15.77 15.80 15.82 .1 Leisure and hospitality......................... 8.72 8.78 8.78 8.82 8.85 8.88 .3 Other services.................................. 13.94 13.81 13.80 13.81 13.82 13.82 .0 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.1 percent from Nov. 2003 to Dec. 2003, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2003 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. change from: 2003 2003 2003p 2004p 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003p 2004p Dec. 2003- Jan. 2004 Total private......................... 96.2 100.3 98.9 95.4 99.3 98.3 98.7 99.0 98.0 98.8 0.8 Goods-producing........................... 93.7 97.1 95.2 92.0 97.5 95.0 95.1 95.6 95.1 95.6 .5 Natural resources and mining.................. 92.2 99.8 96.8 93.0 97.3 96.2 97.3 97.7 96.8 97.9 1.1 Construction.................................. 89.5 100.6 94.9 89.9 99.5 98.6 98.4 99.0 98.2 99.4 1.2 Manufacturing................................. 95.6 95.4 95.3 92.9 96.8 93.4 93.5 94.1 93.5 94.1 .6 Durable goods................................ 95.6 95.5 95.9 93.5 96.8 93.2 93.2 94.5 93.9 94.5 .6 Wood products............................... 94.2 100.7 98.8 95.1 98.2 96.3 97.3 99.7 98.9 98.8 -.1 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 88.9 95.6 91.7 88.5 96.0 92.3 92.6 93.6 93.5 95.1 1.7 Primary metals.............................. 97.2 91.9 93.6 92.3 97.0 90.7 90.3 91.5 91.7 91.8 .1 Fabricated metal products................... 97.1 96.3 97.4 95.7 97.7 94.1 94.3 95.1 94.9 95.8 .9 Machinery................................... 95.7 94.8 95.5 93.9 95.6 93.2 92.8 94.2 93.0 93.7 .8 Computer and electronic products............ 94.6 92.4 91.9 89.0 95.4 91.2 90.7 90.8 89.6 89.6 .0 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 94.6 91.4 93.2 90.5 95.7 90.0 90.1 90.3 90.3 91.1 .9 Transportation equipment.................... 97.6 98.4 99.8 97.2 98.4 95.3 95.2 97.0 96.9 97.4 .5 Furniture and related products.............. 93.3 94.9 96.2 93.1 94.7 92.6 92.6 94.5 94.4 94.3 -.1 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 95.9 93.8 93.3 91.5 97.7 91.7 91.3 92.7 91.5 92.7 1.3 Nondurable goods............................. 95.4 95.2 94.2 91.5 96.7 93.8 93.8 93.5 92.8 93.1 .3 Food manufacturing.......................... 96.4 100.3 98.7 95.0 98.6 98.8 98.9 96.5 96.8 97.4 .6 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 87.9 87.4 84.3 83.8 92.9 87.1 87.3 88.1 85.9 88.4 2.9 Textile mills............................... 92.0 82.7 81.2 80.6 92.2 81.9 81.0 82.3 80.7 80.5 -.2 Textile product mills....................... 93.5 92.3 93.2 90.3 95.5 93.2 92.2 92.6 91.7 92.3 .7 Apparel..................................... 87.9 80.6 76.6 73.6 90.9 76.7 78.1 78.9 76.9 76.0 -1.2 Leather and allied products................. 96.0 89.2 91.8 87.6 98.8 88.9 88.5 90.0 91.5 89.6 -2.1 Paper and paper products.................... 95.5 93.3 94.3 91.4 95.6 91.0 91.4 91.9 92.0 91.5 -.5 Printing and related support activities..... 94.5 95.8 95.2 91.7 96.9 94.4 94.7 94.2 93.5 93.6 .1 Petroleum and coal products................. 96.8 101.5 95.1 94.2 100.0 97.0 98.4 100.1 96.6 97.9 1.3 Chemicals................................... 99.2 99.5 99.3 97.7 99.5 98.3 97.6 98.9 98.3 98.0 -.3 Plastics and rubber products................ 96.3 95.4 95.8 93.6 97.2 94.6 94.7 94.7 94.1 94.2 .1 Private service-providing................ 96.7 101.0 99.9 96.7 100.0 99.4 99.5 99.8 99.1 99.6 .5 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 96.3 100.9 101.1 95.9 98.8 98.4 98.7 98.6 97.7 98.7 1.0 Wholesale trade.............................. 96.1 99.3 97.2 95.7 98.0 97.5 97.7 97.9 97.4 97.6 .2 Retail trade................................. 95.9 101.2 103.3 95.9 99.1 99.1 99.3 99.0 97.9 99.1 1.2 Transportation and warehousing............... 97.2 101.5 99.8 96.0 99.8 98.7 99.1 98.8 97.4 98.5 1.1 Utilities.................................... 98.4 99.9 96.4 96.1 98.6 96.5 98.0 98.8 96.7 96.5 -.2 Information................................... 96.3 98.9 97.4 95.8 96.8 96.8 96.8 97.7 97.1 96.6 -.5 Financial activities.......................... 99.2 102.8 100.1 99.7 101.0 101.5 101.6 101.3 100.3 101.5 1.2 Professional and business services............ 95.2 100.8 98.4 95.2 99.2 98.5 99.0 99.4 98.7 99.2 .5 Education and health services................. 100.4 104.3 102.8 100.9 101.4 101.4 101.6 102.0 101.8 101.9 .1 Leisure and hospitality....................... 92.2 97.9 96.0 92.1 101.1 99.4 100.0 100.5 99.8 100.5 .7 Other services................................ 97.7 96.7 95.7 94.3 99.2 96.5 96.7 96.3 95.8 95.8 .0 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. Data have been revised to reflect March 2003 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. In addition, because of revisions to the base-year data, the entire historical data series for each of the indexes is subject to revision. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. change from: 2003 2003 2003p 2004p 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003p 2004p Dec. 2003- Jan. 2004 Total private......................... 98.2 104.1 102.6 99.3 100.9 101.4 101.9 102.4 101.5 102.3 0.8 Goods-producing........................... 95.0 100.9 99.4 95.4 99.2 98.4 98.4 99.2 99.0 99.6 .6 Natural resources and mining.................. 93.3 103.1 102.7 97.9 98.3 98.8 100.3 101.1 102.4 102.6 .2 Construction.................................. 90.3 103.6 98.1 92.4 100.9 101.4 101.3 101.9 101.1 102.7 1.6 Manufacturing................................. 97.6 99.3 100.1 97.0 98.6 96.8 96.8 97.8 97.5 98.0 .5 Durable goods................................ 97.6 99.2 100.5 97.1 98.6 96.4 96.3 97.8 97.6 98.1 .5 Nondurable goods............................. 97.5 99.6 99.2 96.3 98.6 97.4 97.6 97.7 97.2 97.8 .6 Private service-providing................ 99.0 105.0 103.6 100.9 101.6 102.5 102.7 103.2 102.5 103.1 .6 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 97.9 103.9 103.4 99.1 100.1 100.9 101.5 101.5 100.6 101.7 1.1 Wholesale trade.............................. 97.5 102.7 100.2 99.1 99.2 100.1 100.6 100.7 100.3 100.8 .5 Retail trade................................. 97.6 103.4 105.4 98.6 100.5 101.4 101.7 101.5 100.4 101.6 1.2 Transportation and warehousing............... 98.6 105.6 103.7 99.7 101.3 102.1 102.6 102.5 101.1 102.4 1.3 Utilities.................................... 98.9 106.3 102.0 101.6 99.0 100.5 103.0 104.6 101.9 102.1 .2 Information................................... 98.8 104.2 101.7 100.2 98.9 101.6 101.6 102.1 100.8 100.8 .0 Financial activities.......................... 102.5 110.7 106.9 106.9 104.4 108.4 108.6 108.3 107.4 109.0 1.5 Professional and business services............ 97.1 104.4 101.4 98.8 100.2 100.7 101.6 102.2 101.4 102.1 .7 Education and health services................. 103.0 108.2 107.2 105.3 103.6 104.6 105.1 105.7 105.7 105.9 .2 Leisure and hospitality....................... 94.1 100.8 100.2 95.9 102.8 101.7 102.3 103.4 103.0 104.1 1.1 Other services................................ 99.6 97.6 97.0 95.6 100.7 97.1 97.3 96.9 96.5 96.4 -.1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. Data have been revised to reflect March 2003 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. In addition, because of revisions to the base-year data, the entire historical data series for each of the indexes is subject to revision. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2000 .............. 61.9 62.9 63.3 59.5 46.9 61.7 63.1 52.5 51.1 53.4 56.8 53.8 2001 .............. 52.2 47.8 50.4 34.4 41.4 39.2 37.1 38.8 38.3 32.4 36.7 34.9 2002 .............. 40.1 35.1 41.0 41.5 41.7 47.8 44.1 44.1 42.8 39.0 38.7 34.5 2003 .............. 41.2 35.1 38.1 41.4 42.8 40.1 40.5 39.7 49.3 46.0 51.1 p48.4 2004 .............. p47.7 Over 3-month span: 2000 .............. 69.2 66.2 67.8 68.3 60.1 58.1 56.3 61.5 56.5 53.2 52.9 56.8 2001 .............. 52.7 50.4 50.4 43.5 38.8 34.9 36.2 37.9 34.7 35.3 30.8 32.0 2002 .............. 34.0 37.4 35.1 36.2 36.7 39.4 39.9 40.8 38.7 37.1 34.4 34.7 2003 .............. 36.5 32.6 36.3 35.1 40.5 42.6 37.4 35.4 40.1 45.5 50.5 p50.0 2004 .............. p50.2 Over 6-month span: 2000 .............. 67.3 69.1 72.5 72.5 67.4 67.8 66.7 60.8 59.0 55.0 59.7 54.0 2001 .............. 51.8 50.0 51.8 47.3 43.5 41.5 38.1 35.4 32.2 33.1 31.5 31.1 2002 .............. 29.5 30.0 31.1 31.1 31.7 37.1 37.2 39.0 34.7 36.5 35.3 33.3 2003 .............. 33.6 31.1 31.7 31.7 33.5 37.8 36.2 36.5 40.5 39.4 42.6 p42.8 2004 .............. p50.5 Over 12-month span: 2000 .............. 70.9 69.2 73.2 71.0 69.8 71.0 70.0 70.3 70.3 65.6 63.8 62.1 2001 .............. 59.5 59.5 53.4 49.3 48.6 45.0 43.3 43.9 39.9 37.8 37.1 34.9 2002 .............. 33.6 31.7 30.2 30.4 30.2 29.1 32.0 31.3 30.0 29.5 32.9 34.7 2003 .............. 34.5 31.5 32.9 33.5 36.2 34.4 34.7 33.1 37.6 37.4 33.1 p35.6 2004 .............. p39.2 Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2000 .............. 48.2 58.3 50.0 50.0 41.1 57.1 60.7 28.6 25.0 35.1 39.9 41.1 2001 .............. 22.6 22.0 21.4 16.1 15.5 23.2 13.7 14.3 19.0 17.9 14.9 10.1 2002 .............. 21.4 18.5 23.8 35.1 29.8 32.7 40.5 28.0 31.0 11.9 15.5 17.9 2003 .............. 26.2 15.5 22.6 13.7 26.2 25.0 28.0 26.2 27.4 28.6 51.2 p37.5 2004 .............. p38.1 Over 3-month span: 2000 .............. 53.6 53.6 56.0 54.8 44.0 44.0 51.2 47.6 32.7 25.0 23.2 38.7 2001 .............. 35.7 21.4 16.1 14.3 13.1 13.7 11.9 8.9 8.3 13.1 8.9 10.1 2002 .............. 9.5 10.1 11.3 17.9 17.3 19.0 28.0 22.0 23.8 15.5 6.5 4.8 2003 .............. 13.7 13.1 16.7 10.1 13.1 14.9 16.1 16.1 16.1 24.4 27.4 p36.3 2004 .............. p38.7 Over 6-month span: 2000 .............. 44.0 52.4 55.4 57.7 47.6 51.8 56.0 45.2 39.3 34.5 32.1 27.4 2001 .............. 22.0 23.8 22.0 20.8 14.3 13.7 14.3 10.1 10.7 5.4 7.1 4.8 2002 .............. 6.5 8.9 7.7 8.3 7.7 14.3 14.9 10.7 12.5 10.1 8.9 8.9 2003 .............. 11.3 9.5 6.0 7.1 8.9 13.1 8.9 13.1 13.1 16.7 19.0 p18.5 2004 .............. p26.2 Over 12-month span: 2000 .............. 41.7 39.3 47.0 50.0 46.4 52.4 51.8 49.4 46.4 40.5 35.1 33.3 2001 .............. 29.8 32.1 20.8 19.0 13.1 12.5 10.7 11.9 11.9 10.1 8.3 6.0 2002 .............. 7.1 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.1 3.6 4.8 6.0 4.8 7.1 4.8 8.3 2003 .............. 10.7 6.0 6.5 5.4 8.3 9.5 9.5 9.5 10.7 11.9 9.5 p11.3 2004 .............. p9.5 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. Data have been revised to reflect March 2003 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.