Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 03-99 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, March 7, 2003. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: FEBRUARY 2003 Total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 308,000 in February, while the unemployment rate was about unchanged at 5.8 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Job losses were widespread, with retail trade and services posting especially large declines. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The unemployment rate was little changed in February, at 5.8 percent; the number of unemployed persons was 8.5 million. Since November 2001, the unemployment rate has ranged from 5.6 to 6.0 percent. The jobless rates for the major worker groups in February were: adult men (5.3 percent), adult women (5.0 percent), teenagers (17.1 percent), whites (5.0 percent), blacks or African Americans (10.5 percent), Asians (6.0 percent, not sea- sonally adjusted), and Hispanics or Latinos (7.7 percent). (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) In February, nearly 1.9 million persons had been unemployed for 27 weeks or more. They made up about 22 percent of all unemployed persons, compared with about 15 percent a year earlier. (See table A-9.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment in February was 137.4 million and the employment- population ratio was 62.4 percent. The civilian labor force was 145.9 million. The labor force participation rate--the proportion of the population age 16 and older who are either working or looking for work-- was 66.3 percent. (See table A-1.) The number of persons working part time for economic reasons was 4.8 million in February. These persons indicated that they would like to work full time but worked part time because their hours had been cut back or they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-5.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in February. These people wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 450,000 in February, somewhat higher than a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-13.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Jan.- Category | 2002 | 2002 | 2003 1/ | Feb. |_________________|________|_________________|change | III | IV | Dec. | Jan. | Feb. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 145,181| 145,241| 145,150| 145,838| 145,857| (2) Employment..........| 136,804| 136,657| 136,439| 137,536| 137,408| (2) Unemployment........| 8,377| 8,584| 8,711| 8,302| 8,450| (2) Not in labor force....| 72,686| 73,302| 73,591| 74,059| 74,257| (2) |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 5.8| 5.9| 6.0| 5.7| 5.8| (2) Adult men...........| 5.3| 5.5| 5.6| 5.4| 5.3| (2) Adult women.........| 5.0| 5.2| 5.2| 4.7| 5.0| (2) Teenagers...........| 16.7| 16.1| 16.4| 16.8| 17.1| (2) White 3/............| 5.1| 5.1| 5.1| 5.1| 5.0| (2) Black or African | | | | | | American 3/.......| 9.9| 10.7| 11.2| 10.3| 10.5| (2) Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | ethnicity ........| 7.5| 7.8| 7.9| 7.8| 7.7| (2) |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 130,844| 130,795| 130,670|p130,855|p130,547| p-308 Goods-producing 4/..| 23,787| 23,623| 23,551| p23,570| p23,466| p-104 Construction......| 6,544| 6,544| 6,544| p6,570| p6,522| p-48 Manufacturing.....| 16,691| 16,528| 16,454| p16,450| p16,397| p-53 Service-producing 4/| 107,057| 107,172| 107,119|p107,285|p107,081| p-204 Retail trade......| 23,308| 23,229| 23,152| p23,268| p23,176| p-92 Services..........| 41,299| 41,419| 41,469| p41,513| p41,427| p-86 Government........| 21,270| 21,357| 21,359| p21,370| p21,383| p13 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 5/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.1| 34.2| 34.1| p34.3| p34.1| p-0.2 Manufacturing.......| 40.8| 40.7| 40.9| p40.8| p40.8| p.0 Overtime..........| 4.1| 4.1| 4.2| p4.1| p4.2| p.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 5/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 147.9| 147.9| 147.7| p148.5| p147.0| p-1.5 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 5/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $14.81| $14.94| $14.98| p$14.97| p$15.08| p$0.11 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 505.14| 510.45| 510.82| p513.47| p514.23| p.76 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1 Beginning in January 2003, household data reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 2 Household data for February 2003 are not directly comparable with data for January 2003 because of slightly different weighting procedures in the 2 months. 3 Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only were included in this category. Persons who selected more than one race group are included only in the "all workers" total. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. 4 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 5 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 308,000 in February to 130.5 million, seasonally adjusted. Job losses were widespread in February, with the largest decreases in services and retail trade. Employment also fell sharply in construction and declines continued in manufacturing and in transportation and public utilities. (See table B-1.) Services employment fell by 86,000 in February; despite this decline, the industry has added more than half a million jobs since January 2002. Employment in amusement and recreation and in hotels decreased by 21,000 and 17,000, respectively, in February. Business services lost 26,000 jobs over the month, with decreases in services to buildings and in miscellaneous business services. Employment in help supply services and computer and data processing services was essentially unchanged over the month. Health services employment also was little changed in February; the industry had added an average of 21,000 jobs a month during 2002. Retail trade employment decreased by 92,000 in February. This was the third month in a row with a large swing in retail employment; eating and drinking places accounted for a large share of the change in each of these months. From a longer-term perspective, employment in eating and drinking places has been on a downward trend since July 2001. Apparel and accessory stores lost 15,000 jobs in February, while department stores gained 27,000, after seasonal adjustment. Employment in both industries generally has been trending down since mid-2001. In February, transportation and public utilities lost 41,000 jobs. Since its peak 2 years ago, this industry has lost over half a million jobs. Much of this decline occurred in air transportation and in communi- cations, where employment decreased by 12,000 and 7,000, respectively, in February. In addition, the trucking industry lost 17,000 jobs over the month. Employment in finance was little changed in February, despite continuing gains in mortgage banking. Low mortgage rates have driven employment growth in this industry. Since January 2001, mortgage bankers have increased employ- ment by 41 percent (122,000 jobs). In the goods-producing sector, construction employment dropped by 48,000 in February, following an increase of 26,000 in January. Since April 2002, construction employment has held at about 6.5 million. Employment in the manufacturing industry continued its downward trend. In February, 53,000 factory jobs were lost--about in line with the average monthly decline for the prior 6 months. Over the month, industrial machinery and electronics had the largest job losses (10,000 each), while fabricated metals employment declined by 9,000. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.2 hour in February to 34.1 hours, seasonally adjusted. This followed an increase of the same size in January. The manufacturing workweek held steady at 40.8 hours. Manufacturing overtime was up by 0.1 hour to 4.2 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 1.0 percent in February to 147.0 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 0.8 percent to 90.3 over the month. (See table B-5.) - 4 - Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 11 cents in February to $15.08, seasonally ad- justed. This followed a loss of 1 cent (as revised) in January. The average increase for the 2 months (5 cents) is in line with the average monthly gain (4 cents) for 2002. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.1 percent in February to $514.23. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 3.2 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 2.9 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for March 2002 is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). ------------------------------------------------------------------- | March 2002 National Benchmarks | | | | In accordance with standard practice, BLS will release the March| | 2002 nonfarm payroll employment benchmark revisions with the May | | data on June 6, 2003. With this release, BLS will convert the | | nonfarm payroll survey data from the 1987 Standard Industrial | | Classification (SIC) system to the 2002 North American Industry | | Classification System (NAICS), and will implement several other | | methodological changes, including completion of the final phase | | of the survey's sample redesign. All of the current and histori- | | cal nonfarm payroll employment series will be revised to incorpo- | | rate these changes. The net effect of benchmarking and the other | | changes will be a downward adjustment to the currently published | | over-the-year change for March 2001 to March 2002 of 313,000 or | | 0.2 percent, not seasonally adjusted. Additional information on | | the upcoming changes to the nonfarm payroll survey data is provid-| | ed on page 5. | ------------------------------------------------------------------- - 5 - Upcoming Changes to National Nonfarm Payroll Data Series NAICS conversion. The nonfarm payroll series, produced from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, will be converted from the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) basis to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) basis with the June 6, 2003, release of May 2003 estimates. The NAICS conversion involves major definitional changes to many of the currently published SIC-based series. After the conversion to NAICS, SIC-based series will no longer be produced or published. Historical time series will be reconstructed as part of the NAICS conversion process. All published series will have a NAICS-based history extending back to at least January 1990. For total nonfarm and other high-level aggregates, NAICS history will begin in January 1939, the current starting date for these series. For more detailed series, the starting date will vary depending on the scope of the definitional changes between SIC and NAICS. The NAICS- based reconstruction effort will cover all CES published data types: all employees, women workers, production workers, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and derivative series (for example, indexes of aggregate weekly hours). Completion of the CES sample redesign. June 6, 2003, also will mark the completion of the CES sample redesign phase-in. The redesign converts the CES from a quota-based sample to a probability-based sample. In June 2003, the services industries will be converted to the new sample design; all other private sector industries have already been converted. The final stage of sample redesign phase-in may result in level shifts for average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, production worker, and women worker series. New levels for these series are being recomputed from the NAICS-based probability sample. Concurrent seasonal adjustment. Also beginning in June 2003, the CES program will convert to concurrent seasonal adjustment, which uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the current month, in developing seasonal factors. Currently, the CES program projects seasonal factors twice a year. With the introduction of concurrent seasonal adjustment, BLS will no longer publish seasonal factors for CES national estimates. Change to federal government series. Beginning in June 2003, the CES series for federal government employment will be revised slightly in scope and definition due to a change in source data and estimation methods. The current national series is an end-of-month federal em- ployee count produced by the Office of Personnel Management, and it excludes some workers, mostly employees who work in Department of Defense-owned establishments such as military base commissaries. The CES national series will include these workers starting in June. Also, federal government employment will be estimated from a sample of federal establishments, will be benchmarked annually to counts from unemployment insurance tax records, and will reflect employee counts as of the pay period including the 12th of the month, consistent with other CES industry series. The historical time series for federal government employment will be revised to reflect these changes. Further information on upcoming changes to CES data series is avail- able through the BLS public database on the Internet, via the CES homepage at http://www.bls.gov/ces/, or by calling 202-691-6555. - 6 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2002, the sample included over 300,000 establishments employing about 37 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 7 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 8 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 290,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -190,000 to 390,000 (100,000 +/- 290,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 4 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 270,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 9 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 216,663 219,897 220,114 216,663 218,340 218,548 218,741 219,897 220,114 Civilian labor force............................ 144,266 145,301 145,693 144,510 145,393 145,180 145,150 145,838 145,857 Participation rate........................ 66.6 66.1 66.2 66.7 66.6 66.4 66.4 66.3 66.3 Employed...................................... 135,443 135,907 136,433 136,450 136,988 136,542 136,439 137,536 137,408 Employment-population ratio............... 62.5 61.8 62.0 63.0 62.7 62.5 62.4 62.5 62.4 Unemployed.................................... 8,823 9,395 9,260 8,060 8,405 8,637 8,711 8,302 8,450 Unemployment rate......................... 6.1 6.5 6.4 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.8 Not in labor force.............................. 72,397 74,596 74,421 72,153 72,947 73,369 73,591 74,059 74,257 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,491 4,779 4,495 4,455 4,542 4,727 4,546 4,676 4,462 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 104,114 105,767 105,895 104,114 104,985 105,094 105,195 105,767 105,895 Civilian labor force............................ 76,846 77,306 77,658 77,175 77,727 77,618 77,492 77,693 77,927 Participation rate........................ 73.8 73.1 73.3 74.1 74.0 73.9 73.7 73.5 73.6 Employed...................................... 71,792 71,716 72,237 72,821 73,151 72,773 72,690 72,994 73,249 Employment-population ratio............... 69.0 67.8 68.2 69.9 69.7 69.2 69.1 69.0 69.2 Unemployed.................................... 5,055 5,590 5,421 4,355 4,575 4,845 4,801 4,699 4,678 Unemployment rate......................... 6.6 7.2 7.0 5.6 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.0 Not in labor force.............................. 27,267 28,461 28,237 26,938 27,258 27,476 27,703 28,074 27,968 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 95,929 97,635 97,762 95,929 96,860 97,022 97,139 97,635 97,762 Civilian labor force............................ 73,186 73,896 74,206 73,269 73,883 73,770 73,744 73,993 74,254 Participation rate........................ 76.3 75.7 75.9 76.4 76.3 76.0 75.9 75.8 76.0 Employed...................................... 68,822 69,001 69,518 69,591 69,921 69,617 69,600 69,967 70,293 Employment-population ratio............... 71.7 70.7 71.1 72.5 72.2 71.8 71.6 71.7 71.9 Unemployed.................................... 4,364 4,895 4,688 3,678 3,962 4,153 4,145 4,026 3,962 Unemployment rate......................... 6.0 6.6 6.3 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.3 Not in labor force.............................. 22,744 23,739 23,556 22,660 22,977 23,252 23,394 23,642 23,508 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 112,549 114,130 114,219 112,549 113,355 113,455 113,546 114,130 114,219 Civilian labor force............................ 67,420 67,995 68,036 67,334 67,667 67,562 67,658 68,144 67,930 Participation rate........................ 59.9 59.6 59.6 59.8 59.7 59.5 59.6 59.7 59.5 Employed...................................... 63,652 64,191 64,196 63,629 63,837 63,769 63,749 64,542 64,159 Employment-population ratio............... 56.6 56.2 56.2 56.5 56.3 56.2 56.1 56.6 56.2 Unemployed.................................... 3,768 3,804 3,839 3,706 3,829 3,792 3,909 3,603 3,772 Unemployment rate......................... 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.6 Not in labor force.............................. 45,130 46,135 46,184 45,215 45,689 45,893 45,888 45,985 46,289 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 104,668 106,235 106,322 104,668 105,509 105,594 105,678 106,235 106,322 Civilian labor force............................ 63,897 64,578 64,622 63,603 63,975 63,921 64,036 64,479 64,310 Participation rate........................ 61.0 60.8 60.8 60.8 60.6 60.5 60.6 60.7 60.5 Employed...................................... 60,636 61,294 61,278 60,441 60,668 60,697 60,676 61,443 61,073 Employment-population ratio............... 57.9 57.7 57.6 57.7 57.5 57.5 57.4 57.8 57.4 Unemployed.................................... 3,261 3,284 3,344 3,163 3,308 3,224 3,360 3,035 3,237 Unemployment rate......................... 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.7 5.0 Not in labor force.............................. 40,771 41,657 41,701 41,065 41,533 41,673 41,642 41,757 42,013 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 16,065 16,027 16,030 16,065 15,971 15,933 15,925 16,027 16,030 Civilian labor force............................ 7,184 6,828 6,866 7,637 7,535 7,489 7,369 7,366 7,293 Participation rate........................ 44.7 42.6 42.8 47.5 47.2 47.0 46.3 46.0 45.5 Employed...................................... 5,986 5,612 5,637 6,418 6,400 6,228 6,164 6,125 6,042 Employment-population ratio............... 37.3 35.0 35.2 40.0 40.1 39.1 38.7 38.2 37.7 Unemployed.................................... 1,198 1,216 1,229 1,219 1,135 1,261 1,206 1,241 1,251 Unemployment rate......................... 16.7 17.8 17.9 16.0 15.1 16.8 16.4 16.8 17.1 Not in labor force.............................. 8,882 9,200 9,164 8,428 8,436 8,444 8,555 8,661 8,736 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, race, sex, and age Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 WHITE (2) Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 179,178 180,460 180,599 179,178 180,306 180,450 180,580 180,460 180,599 Civilian labor force............................ 119,925 119,712 120,128 120,020 120,479 120,345 120,093 120,084 120,166 Participation rate.......................... 66.9 66.3 66.5 67.0 66.8 66.7 66.5 66.5 66.5 Employed...................................... 113,307 112,735 113,376 114,092 114,294 114,128 113,910 113,995 114,135 Employment-population ratio................. 63.2 62.5 62.8 63.7 63.4 63.2 63.1 63.2 63.2 Unemployed.................................... 6,618 6,978 6,752 5,928 6,184 6,218 6,184 6,089 6,031 Unemployment rate........................... 5.5 5.8 5.6 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 Not in labor force.............................. 59,252 60,748 60,470 59,157 59,828 60,104 60,487 60,376 60,432 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 61,862 61,915 62,210 61,914 62,243 62,229 62,112 62,003 62,235 Participation rate.......................... 76.8 76.0 76.3 76.8 76.6 76.6 76.3 76.2 76.4 Employed...................................... 58,475 58,164 58,652 59,164 59,246 59,127 59,053 58,994 59,342 Employment-population ratio................. 72.6 71.4 72.0 73.4 73.0 72.7 72.6 72.5 72.8 Unemployed.................................... 3,388 3,752 3,558 2,750 2,997 3,102 3,059 3,009 2,893 Unemployment rate........................... 5.5 6.1 5.7 4.4 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.6 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 52,080 52,078 52,210 51,719 51,909 51,785 51,752 51,909 51,840 Participation rate.......................... 60.6 60.2 60.3 60.1 60.0 59.8 59.7 60.0 59.9 Employed...................................... 49,745 49,783 49,944 49,449 49,601 49,586 49,488 49,768 49,645 Employment-population ratio................. 57.9 57.5 57.7 57.5 57.3 57.3 57.1 57.5 57.3 Unemployed.................................... 2,336 2,295 2,265 2,269 2,308 2,199 2,264 2,141 2,194 Unemployment rate........................... 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.2 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 5,983 5,719 5,709 6,388 6,328 6,332 6,230 6,172 6,091 Participation rate.......................... 47.5 45.8 45.7 50.7 50.2 50.3 49.4 49.4 48.8 Employed...................................... 5,088 4,788 4,780 5,479 5,448 5,415 5,369 5,232 5,147 Employment-population ratio................. 40.4 38.3 38.3 43.5 43.3 43.0 42.6 41.9 41.2 Unemployed.................................... 895 930 929 909 880 917 861 940 944 Unemployment rate........................... 15.0 16.3 16.3 14.2 13.9 14.5 13.8 15.2 15.5 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN (2) Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,414 25,484 25,519 25,414 25,717 25,751 25,784 25,484 25,519 Civilian labor force............................ 16,358 16,270 16,294 16,473 16,682 16,540 16,706 16,374 16,395 Participation rate.......................... 64.4 63.8 63.8 64.8 64.9 64.2 64.8 64.3 64.2 Employed...................................... 14,689 14,496 14,491 14,876 15,027 14,754 14,827 14,684 14,669 Employment-population ratio................. 57.8 56.9 56.8 58.5 58.4 57.3 57.5 57.6 57.5 Unemployed.................................... 1,669 1,774 1,803 1,597 1,656 1,786 1,879 1,690 1,726 Unemployment rate........................... 10.2 10.9 11.1 9.7 9.9 10.8 11.2 10.3 10.5 Not in labor force.............................. 9,056 9,214 9,225 8,940 9,034 9,211 9,078 9,110 9,124 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,276 7,258 7,298 7,283 7,413 7,250 7,311 7,233 7,296 Participation rate.......................... 71.9 71.3 71.5 72.0 72.2 70.5 71.0 71.0 71.5 Employed...................................... 6,571 6,419 6,479 6,653 6,682 6,480 6,543 6,489 6,560 Employment-population ratio................. 64.9 63.0 63.5 65.8 65.1 63.0 63.6 63.7 64.3 Unemployed.................................... 705 840 818 630 731 770 768 744 736 Unemployment rate........................... 9.7 11.6 11.2 8.7 9.9 10.6 10.5 10.3 10.1 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,254 8,299 8,260 8,289 8,390 8,442 8,540 8,327 8,296 Participation rate.......................... 64.0 64.2 63.8 64.3 64.4 64.7 65.4 64.4 64.1 Employed...................................... 7,533 7,575 7,502 7,580 7,676 7,685 7,712 7,629 7,548 Employment-population ratio................. 58.4 58.6 57.9 58.8 58.9 58.9 59.0 59.0 58.3 Unemployed.................................... 721 724 758 709 715 757 827 698 748 Unemployment rate........................... 8.7 8.7 9.2 8.6 8.5 9.0 9.7 8.4 9.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 828 712 736 901 879 849 855 813 803 Participation rate.......................... 34.4 30.1 31.1 37.4 36.3 35.0 35.2 34.4 33.9 Employed...................................... 585 503 510 643 669 590 571 566 560 Employment-population ratio................. 24.3 21.3 21.6 26.7 27.6 24.3 23.5 23.9 23.7 Unemployed.................................... 243 210 226 258 210 259 284 247 242 Unemployment rate........................... 29.3 29.4 30.7 28.7 23.9 30.5 33.2 30.4 30.2 ASIAN (2) Civilian noninstutional population................ 9,619 8,992 9,036 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Civilian labor force............................ 6,424 6,036 6,006 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Participation rate.......................... 66.8 67.1 66.5 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Employed...................................... 6,066 5,698 5,645 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Employment-population ratio................. 63.1 63.4 62.5 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Unemployed.................................... 358 338 361 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Unemployment rate........................... 5.6 5.6 6.0 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Not in labor force.............................. 3,195 2,956 3,031 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. 3 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,574 26,994 27,095 25,574 26,272 26,355 26,436 26,994 27,095 Civilian labor force............................ 17,743 18,540 18,638 17,773 18,049 18,169 18,134 18,614 18,658 Participation rate.......................... 69.4 68.7 68.8 69.5 68.7 68.9 68.6 69.0 68.9 Employed...................................... 16,390 16,908 17,083 16,522 16,637 16,755 16,708 17,155 17,223 Employment-population ratio................. 64.1 62.6 63.0 64.6 63.3 63.6 63.2 63.5 63.6 Unemployed.................................... 1,353 1,632 1,555 1,251 1,412 1,414 1,425 1,459 1,436 Unemployment rate........................... 7.6 8.8 8.3 7.0 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.7 Not in labor force.............................. 7,831 8,454 8,456 7,801 8,223 8,186 8,303 8,380 8,436 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 9,831 10,488 10,629 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 83.9 83.8 84.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 9,172 9,703 9,854 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 78.2 77.6 78.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 659 785 775 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 6.7 7.5 7.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 6,853 7,110 7,068 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 60.4 59.4 58.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 6,328 6,509 6,491 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 55.8 54.4 54.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 526 601 577 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 7.7 8.4 8.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 1,060 943 941 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 42.3 37.5 37.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 891 696 738 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 35.6 27.6 29.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 169 247 203 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 15.9 26.2 21.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force...................... 12,346 12,631 12,299 12,703 12,461 12,541 12,607 12,542 12,638 Participation rate.................... 43.6 44.0 43.7 44.9 44.9 44.9 44.6 43.7 44.9 Employed................................ 11,157 11,305 11,028 11,654 11,375 11,417 11,470 11,471 11,522 Employment-population ratio........... 39.4 39.4 39.2 41.2 40.9 40.9 40.6 40.0 40.9 Unemployed.............................. 1,189 1,326 1,271 1,049 1,086 1,124 1,136 1,071 1,116 Unemployment rate..................... 9.6 10.5 10.3 8.3 8.7 9.0 9.0 8.5 8.8 High school graduates, no college (1) Civilian labor force...................... 37,899 38,224 37,886 37,834 37,966 37,967 37,797 37,856 37,816 Participation rate.................... 64.7 64.1 63.8 64.5 64.0 63.5 63.6 63.5 63.7 Employed................................ 35,621 35,895 35,525 35,863 36,090 35,963 35,775 35,923 35,779 Employment-population ratio........... 60.8 60.2 59.8 61.2 60.9 60.2 60.2 60.2 60.2 Unemployed.............................. 2,278 2,330 2,361 1,970 1,876 2,004 2,021 1,933 2,037 Unemployment rate..................... 6.0 6.1 6.2 5.2 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.4 Less than a bachelor's degree (2) Civilian labor force...................... 33,658 34,100 34,519 33,433 33,884 33,890 33,831 34,186 34,335 Participation rate.................... 73.2 73.1 73.6 72.7 72.8 72.7 72.4 73.3 73.2 Employed................................ 32,139 32,343 32,799 32,022 32,299 32,260 32,154 32,556 32,730 Employment-population ratio........... 69.9 69.3 70.0 69.7 69.4 69.2 68.8 69.8 69.8 Unemployed.............................. 1,519 1,756 1,719 1,411 1,585 1,630 1,677 1,630 1,605 Unemployment rate..................... 4.5 5.2 5.0 4.2 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.7 Bachelor's degree and higher (3) Civilian labor force...................... 38,557 38,787 39,370 38,256 38,622 38,476 38,652 38,778 39,046 Participation rate.................... 79.6 78.8 78.8 78.9 78.5 79.0 79.2 78.8 78.2 Employed................................ 37,452 37,553 38,201 37,167 37,458 37,344 37,530 37,626 37,892 Employment-population ratio........... 77.3 76.3 76.5 76.7 76.1 76.6 76.9 76.4 75.9 Unemployed.............................. 1,105 1,234 1,169 1,090 1,165 1,132 1,121 1,152 1,154 Unemployment rate..................... 2.9 3.2 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 1 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. 3 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries....... 2,133 2,134 1,983 2,349 2,483 2,314 2,342 2,314 2,178 Wage and salary workers................ 1,133 1,091 1,038 1,282 1,394 1,219 1,260 1,195 1,174 Self-employed workers.................. 988 1,014 924 1,022 1,040 1,060 1,038 1,071 953 Unpaid family workers.................. 12 29 21 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Nonagricultural industries............... 133,311 133,773 134,451 134,161 134,537 134,206 134,080 135,142 135,317 Wage and salary workers................ 124,774 124,501 125,402 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Government........................... 19,909 19,924 19,850 19,476 19,692 19,647 19,551 19,868 19,418 Private industries................... 104,864 104,578 105,552 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Private households................. 751 692 639 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other industries................... 104,114 103,886 104,913 104,966 104,947 104,365 104,673 105,192 105,773 Self-employed workers.................. 8,437 9,216 8,959 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unpaid family workers.................. 100 56 90 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (3) All industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,514 5,135 5,061 4,289 4,343 4,329 4,273 4,643 4,807 Slack work or business conditions.... 3,039 3,566 3,396 2,818 2,888 2,855 2,893 3,027 3,152 Could only find part-time work....... 1,169 1,245 1,328 1,122 1,133 1,159 1,110 1,297 1,275 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,529 19,374 19,360 18,582 18,685 18,727 18,555 19,314 18,421 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,394 5,003 4,931 4,166 4,274 4,272 4,219 4,496 4,675 Slack work or business conditions.... 2,961 3,494 3,317 2,730 2,857 2,816 2,854 2,947 3,062 Could only find part-time work....... 1,159 1,224 1,309 1,114 1,122 1,158 1,097 1,267 1,257 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,115 19,005 19,032 18,181 18,347 18,361 18,197 18,984 18,134 1 Data not available. 2 Data not currently available due to an editing error when reconstructing revised series. 3 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 135,443 135,907 136,433 136,450 136,988 136,542 136,439 137,536 137,408 16 to 19 years.................................. 5,986 5,612 5,637 6,418 6,400 6,228 6,164 6,125 6,042 16 to 17 years................................ 2,126 2,138 2,103 2,375 2,347 2,256 2,258 2,446 2,352 18 to 19 years................................ 3,860 3,473 3,533 4,067 4,045 3,960 3,921 3,694 3,722 20 years and over............................... 129,458 130,295 130,796 130,031 130,589 130,314 130,275 131,410 131,365 20 to 24 years................................ 13,088 13,200 13,243 13,351 13,303 13,387 13,372 13,568 13,510 25 years and over............................. 116,369 117,095 117,553 116,751 117,271 116,856 116,892 117,876 117,932 25 to 54 years.............................. 96,863 96,361 96,644 97,173 96,840 96,356 96,491 96,957 96,942 25 to 34 years............................ 30,062 30,025 30,317 30,306 30,323 29,961 30,139 30,369 30,563 35 to 44 years............................ 35,603 34,955 34,769 35,651 35,005 34,973 34,942 35,125 34,803 45 to 54 years............................ 31,197 31,382 31,558 31,215 31,512 31,422 31,411 31,463 31,577 55 years and over........................... 19,506 20,734 20,909 19,578 20,430 20,499 20,400 20,918 20,990 Men, 16 years and over............................ 71,792 71,716 72,237 72,821 73,151 72,773 72,690 72,994 73,249 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,970 2,715 2,719 3,230 3,230 3,156 3,091 3,027 2,956 16 to 17 years................................ 984 1,002 1,016 1,118 1,142 1,113 1,102 1,203 1,157 18 to 19 years................................ 1,986 1,713 1,702 2,124 2,081 2,040 1,986 1,838 1,820 20 years and over............................... 68,822 69,001 69,518 69,591 69,921 69,617 69,600 69,967 70,293 20 to 24 years................................ 6,703 6,936 7,003 6,902 6,975 7,014 7,024 7,183 7,215 25 years and over............................. 62,119 62,066 62,515 62,749 62,938 62,562 62,579 62,814 63,151 25 to 54 years.............................. 51,638 51,073 51,411 52,154 51,873 51,569 51,566 51,687 51,925 25 to 34 years............................ 16,377 16,284 16,489 16,615 16,569 16,384 16,445 16,528 16,730 35 to 44 years............................ 18,966 18,624 18,584 19,120 18,804 18,748 18,749 18,824 18,729 45 to 54 years............................ 16,295 16,165 16,338 16,419 16,500 16,437 16,371 16,334 16,466 55 years and over........................... 10,481 10,993 11,104 10,595 11,065 10,993 11,013 11,127 11,227 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 63,652 64,191 64,196 63,629 63,837 63,769 63,749 64,542 64,159 16 to 19 years.................................. 3,016 2,897 2,918 3,188 3,169 3,072 3,073 3,098 3,086 16 to 17 years................................ 1,143 1,137 1,087 1,257 1,204 1,143 1,156 1,243 1,195 18 to 19 years................................ 1,873 1,760 1,831 1,943 1,964 1,921 1,935 1,856 1,902 20 years and over............................... 60,636 61,294 61,278 60,441 60,668 60,697 60,676 61,443 61,073 20 to 24 years................................ 6,386 6,264 6,240 6,449 6,328 6,373 6,348 6,385 6,295 25 years and over............................. 54,250 55,030 55,038 54,002 54,332 54,293 54,313 55,062 54,781 25 to 54 years.............................. 45,225 45,289 45,233 45,019 44,967 44,787 44,926 45,270 45,018 25 to 34 years............................ 13,685 13,741 13,828 13,691 13,754 13,577 13,693 13,841 13,834 35 to 44 years............................ 16,637 16,331 16,185 16,532 16,201 16,225 16,193 16,301 16,073 45 to 54 years............................ 14,902 15,216 15,220 14,796 15,012 14,985 15,039 15,129 15,111 55 years and over........................... 9,025 9,741 9,805 8,984 9,365 9,506 9,387 9,792 9,763 Married men, spouse present....................... 43,818 43,964 44,199 44,210 44,245 44,093 44,005 44,401 44,587 Married women, spouse present..................... 34,430 34,706 34,782 34,291 34,322 34,264 34,189 34,525 34,620 Women who maintain families....................... 8,478 8,577 8,461 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Full-time workers (2)............................. 111,164 111,077 111,856 112,804 113,458 112,828 112,856 112,823 113,442 Part-time workers (3)............................. 24,280 24,830 24,577 23,558 23,635 23,765 23,629 24,400 23,830 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1) (in thousands) Characteristic Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 8,060 8,302 8,450 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.8 16 to 19 years.................................. 1,219 1,241 1,251 16.0 15.1 16.8 16.4 16.8 17.1 16 to 17 years................................ 488 546 514 17.1 16.2 19.4 17.6 18.3 17.9 18 to 19 years................................ 698 697 702 14.7 14.3 15.3 15.5 15.9 15.9 20 years and over............................... 6,841 7,061 7,199 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.2 20 to 24 years................................ 1,401 1,392 1,390 9.5 10.1 9.8 9.7 9.3 9.3 25 years and over............................. 5,463 5,675 5,828 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.7 25 to 54 years.............................. 4,700 4,833 5,011 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.9 25 to 34 years............................ 1,817 1,921 1,809 5.7 5.8 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.6 35 to 44 years............................ 1,630 1,657 1,905 4.4 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.5 5.2 45 to 54 years............................ 1,253 1,256 1,296 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.9 55 years and over........................... 759 890 822 3.7 3.9 3.7 4.2 4.1 3.8 Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,355 4,699 4,678 5.6 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.0 16 to 19 years.................................. 676 673 716 17.3 16.0 18.0 17.5 18.2 19.5 16 to 17 years................................ 285 287 273 20.3 17.2 21.2 18.5 19.3 19.1 18 to 19 years................................ 385 392 436 15.3 15.2 16.1 16.7 17.6 19.3 20 years and over............................... 3,678 4,026 3,962 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.3 20 to 24 years................................ 779 775 731 10.1 10.4 10.2 10.2 9.7 9.2 25 years and over............................. 2,911 3,256 3,238 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,465 2,748 2,749 4.5 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.0 25 to 34 years............................ 938 1,091 969 5.3 5.8 6.3 6.1 6.2 5.5 35 to 44 years............................ 841 932 997 4.2 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.7 5.1 45 to 54 years............................ 686 725 784 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.5 55 years and over........................... 446 507 488 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.2 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 3,706 3,603 3,772 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.6 16 to 19 years.................................. 543 567 534 14.6 14.1 15.6 15.2 15.5 14.8 16 to 17 years................................ 203 259 241 13.9 15.2 17.4 16.6 17.3 16.8 18 to 19 years................................ 313 304 266 13.9 13.3 14.4 14.2 14.1 12.3 20 years and over............................... 3,163 3,035 3,237 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.7 5.0 20 to 24 years................................ 622 617 658 8.8 9.8 9.4 9.3 8.8 9.5 25 years and over............................. 2,551 2,420 2,590 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.2 4.5 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,235 2,085 2,261 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.8 25 to 34 years............................ 879 830 840 6.0 5.7 5.9 6.3 5.7 5.7 35 to 44 years............................ 789 725 908 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.3 5.3 45 to 54 years............................ 567 531 513 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.3 55 years and over (2)....................... 313 413 337 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.8 4.1 3.3 Married men, spouse present....................... 1,564 1,622 1,667 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 Married women, spouse present..................... 1,342 1,176 1,282 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.6 Women who maintain families (2)................... 771 746 837 8.3 7.7 8.0 7.9 8.0 9.0 Full-time workers (3)............................. 6,877 6,940 7,075 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.1 5.8 5.9 Part-time workers (4)............................. 1,232 1,380 1,396 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.5 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 5,105 5,641 5,487 4,425 4,828 4,833 4,863 4,583 4,756 On temporary layoff............................. 1,535 1,698 1,543 1,133 1,098 1,069 1,110 1,080 1,142 Not on temporary layoff......................... 3,570 3,943 3,944 3,293 3,729 3,764 3,753 3,503 3,614 Permanent job losers.......................... 2,718 2,884 2,950 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 852 1,059 994 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 901 841 792 880 850 834 862 825 772 Reentrants........................................ 2,396 2,392 2,499 2,294 2,386 2,394 2,462 2,331 2,395 New entrants...................................... 420 521 482 499 494 586 534 616 579 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 57.9 60.0 59.3 54.6 56.4 55.9 55.8 54.9 55.9 On temporary layoff............................ 17.4 18.1 16.7 14.0 12.8 12.4 12.7 12.9 13.4 Not on temporary layoff........................ 40.5 42.0 42.6 40.7 43.6 43.5 43.0 41.9 42.5 Job leavers...................................... 10.2 9.0 8.6 10.9 9.9 9.6 9.9 9.9 9.1 Reentrants....................................... 27.2 25.5 27.0 28.3 27.9 27.7 28.2 27.9 28.2 New entrants..................................... 4.8 5.5 5.2 6.2 5.8 6.8 6.1 7.4 6.8 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3 Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 Reentrants....................................... 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 New entrants..................................... .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 1 Data not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................. 2,863 3,269 2,679 2,932 2,797 2,912 2,860 2,772 2,749 5 to 14 weeks..................................... 3,107 2,806 3,132 2,540 2,515 2,532 2,547 2,577 2,565 15 weeks and over................................. 2,852 3,320 3,450 2,609 3,099 3,143 3,296 3,140 3,155 15 to 26 weeks................................. 1,602 1,492 1,507 1,403 1,374 1,317 1,392 1,457 1,281 27 weeks and over.............................. 1,250 1,828 1,943 1,206 1,724 1,826 1,904 1,683 1,874 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................. 15.0 17.8 18.6 15.0 17.6 17.9 18.4 18.4 18.6 Median duration, in weeks......................... 8.9 9.3 10.2 8.2 9.6 9.4 9.6 9.8 9.4 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks............................... 32.5 34.8 28.9 36.3 33.2 33.9 32.9 32.6 32.5 5 to 14 weeks................................... 35.2 29.9 33.8 31.4 29.9 29.5 29.3 30.4 30.3 15 weeks and over............................... 32.3 35.3 37.3 32.3 36.8 36.6 37.9 37.0 37.3 15 to 26 weeks................................ 18.2 15.9 16.3 17.4 16.3 15.3 16.0 17.2 15.1 27 weeks and over............................. 14.2 19.5 21.0 14.9 20.5 21.3 21.9 19.8 22.1 NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 2002 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 Total, 16 years and over (1)................................ 135,443 136,433 8,823 9,260 6.1 6.4 Management, professional, and related occupations................ 47,333 48,348 1,384 1,534 2.8 3.1 Management, business, and financial operations occupations..... 19,903 20,058 539 603 2.6 2.9 Professional and related occupations........................... 27,430 28,290 846 930 3.0 3.2 Service occupations.............................................. 21,034 21,173 1,648 1,800 7.3 7.8 Sales and office occupations..................................... 35,339 35,577 2,242 2,087 6.0 5.5 Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,386 15,614 1,046 1,046 6.4 6.3 Office and administrative support occupations.................. 19,953 19,963 1,196 1,041 5.7 5.0 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations..... 12,976 13,335 1,412 1,653 9.8 11.0 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 895 878 190 172 17.5 16.4 Construction and extraction occupations........................ 7,538 7,391 1,001 1,169 11.7 13.7 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.............. 4,542 5,067 221 312 4.6 5.8 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations...... 18,761 18,001 1,685 1,681 8.2 8.5 Production occupations......................................... 10,276 9,654 882 860 7.9 8.2 Transportation and material moving occupations................. 8,485 8,347 803 821 8.6 9.0 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Occupations reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census occupation classification system derived from the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment persons rates Industry (in thousands) Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 2002 (1) 2003 2002 2003 Total, 16 years and over (2)............... 8,823 9,260 6.1 6.4 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers... 7,457 7,820 6.6 6.9 Mining.......................................... 35 41 7.5 7.1 Construction.................................... 1,060 1,173 12.2 14.0 Manufacturing................................... 1,296 1,229 7.0 6.7 Durable goods................................. 882 791 7.6 6.9 Nondurable goods.............................. 414 438 6.0 6.5 Wholesale and retail trade...................... 1,264 1,238 6.6 6.1 Transportation and utilities.................... 331 316 5.7 5.8 Information..................................... 277 321 7.7 8.6 Financial activities............................ 318 310 3.5 3.4 Professional and business services.............. 973 1,140 7.7 8.9 Education and health services................... 590 576 3.5 3.2 Leisure and hospitality......................... 973 1,145 8.7 10.0 Other services.................................. 339 331 5.6 5.7 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers........................................ 187 172 14.8 14.7 Government workers................................ 508 483 2.5 2.4 Self employed and unpaid family workers........... 250 304 2.6 3.0 1 Industry detail will not sum to total because of minor changes in the industry classification system between 2002 and 2003. 2 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 2.0 2.3 2.4 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 6.1 6.5 6.4 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.8 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 6.4 6.8 6.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers................................................. 7.1 7.5 7.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 10.1 11.0 10.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Data not available. NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised populationcontrols used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 2002 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 72,397 74,421 27,267 28,237 45,130 46,184 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,491 4,495 1,984 1,948 2,507 2,547 Searched for work and available to work now (1)................ 1,423 1,590 728 819 695 770 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects (2)................... 375 450 226 269 149 181 Reasons other than discouragement (3)................ 1,048 1,139 502 550 546 589 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders (4)..................................... 7,463 7,620 3,726 3,808 3,738 3,812 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.5 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.9 5.9 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,111 4,122 2,281 2,292 1,830 1,830 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,636 1,720 492 518 1,144 1,202 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 259 220 169 141 90 79 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,401 1,523 758 836 644 687 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2002 2003p 2003p 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003p 2003p Total......................... 129,310 131,473 128,789 129,104 130,706 130,898 130,817 130,670 130,855 130,547 Total private.................... 107,826 109,770 107,506 107,409 109,544 109,549 109,453 109,311 109,485 109,164 Goods-producing......................... 23,473 23,474 23,020 22,893 24,041 23,688 23,631 23,551 23,570 23,466 Mining................................ 551 551 538 535 564 552 551 553 550 547 Metal mining........................ 31.4 31.9 31.2 31.1 32 32 32 32 32 32 Coal mining......................... 81.2 78.5 76.7 76.2 82 78 78 78 76 76 Oil and gas extraction.............. 334.9 334.4 331.3 329.5 339 331 332 335 335 334 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 103.4 105.8 98.4 97.7 111 111 109 108 107 105 Construction.......................... 6,130 6,449 6,131 6,065 6,597 6,544 6,543 6,544 6,570 6,522 General building contractors........ 1,386.5 1,467.6 1,404.5 1,393.5 1,458 1,475 1,480 1,476 1,470 1,464 Heavy construction, except building. 788.6 844.0 769.7 759.8 914 893 885 880 896 877 Special trade contractors........... 3,954.7 4,137.6 3,956.7 3,911.2 4,225 4,176 4,178 4,188 4,204 4,181 Manufacturing......................... 16,792 16,474 16,351 16,293 16,880 16,592 16,537 16,454 16,450 16,397 Production workers................ 11,235 11,038 10,947 10,901 11,305 11,134 11,088 11,030 11,043 10,985 Durable goods........................ 9,986 9,714 9,638 9,598 10,023 9,800 9,757 9,699 9,695 9,653 Production workers................ 6,626 6,455 6,398 6,364 6,653 6,522 6,487 6,445 6,455 6,406 Lumber and wood products............ 755.1 757.0 746.4 741.6 771 764 761 758 761 756 Furniture and fixtures.............. 491.8 477.9 474.1 471.0 491 488 486 480 478 473 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 535.2 550.1 535.7 535.2 551 557 556 553 556 552 Primary metal industries............ 602.5 580.5 579.1 575.2 601 582 582 579 581 577 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 188.4 186.4 184.5 183.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,424.3 1,395.5 1,384.1 1,374.8 1,425 1,409 1,400 1,391 1,388 1,379 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 1,856.7 1,780.5 1,773.0 1,764.2 1,855 1,797 1,790 1,781 1,775 1,765 Computer and office equipment..... 315.4 291.1 289.6 286.4 315 295 293 291 290 287 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,461.3 1,364.3 1,355.5 1,344.2 1,459 1,381 1,368 1,360 1,354 1,344 Electronic components and accessories.................... 577.1 533.0 528.4 525.1 571 544 536 532 528 525 Transportation equipment............ 1,675.7 1,647.9 1,632.9 1,636.7 1,682 1,659 1,648 1,638 1,640 1,648 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 911.7 910.4 899.9 906.2 913 914 909 900 911 908 Aircraft and parts................ 425.4 393.7 388.7 386.0 427 396 392 392 389 388 Instruments and related products.... 813.9 789.4 791.5 790.1 816 793 792 790 793 792 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 369.2 371.1 365.4 364.8 372 370 374 369 369 367 Nondurable goods..................... 6,806 6,760 6,713 6,695 6,857 6,792 6,780 6,755 6,755 6,744 Production workers................ 4,609 4,583 4,549 4,537 4,652 4,612 4,601 4,585 4,588 4,579 Food and kindred products........... 1,656.4 1,683.2 1,673.7 1,662.6 1,686 1,690 1,687 1,689 1,695 1,692 Tobacco products.................... 33.9 37.5 35.4 34.2 33 37 36 36 34 34 Textile mill products............... 438.3 421.8 417.7 414.3 441 426 422 422 419 417 Apparel and other textile products.. 526.9 504.5 497.7 497.6 531 510 509 507 504 503 Paper and allied products........... 617.3 609.7 604.9 602.6 621 614 613 607 606 604 Printing and publishing............. 1,425.0 1,403.8 1,395.1 1,396.1 1,428 1,401 1,400 1,393 1,396 1,398 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,009.5 1,005.7 1,001.0 999.2 1,011 1,006 1,007 1,007 1,005 1,001 Petroleum and coal products......... 121.6 123.7 120.5 121.3 126 125 126 125 125 125 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 921.3 916.5 914.2 915.9 924 926 925 916 917 918 Leather and leather products........ 56.0 53.3 52.9 51.6 56 57 55 53 54 52 Service-producing....................... 105,837 107,999 105,769 106,211 106,665 107,210 107,186 107,119 107,285 107,081 Transportation and public utilities... 6,772 6,734 6,617 6,573 6,837 6,727 6,721 6,686 6,684 6,643 Transportation...................... 4,287 4,321 4,239 4,208 4,341 4,300 4,300 4,273 4,297 4,268 Railroad transportation........... 232.0 225.2 222.3 222.8 234 225 225 225 224 224 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 488.7 482.5 473.8 476.8 479 471 467 466 464 467 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,791.1 1,826.5 1,787.2 1,770.8 1,826 1,826 1,829 1,827 1,825 1,808 Water transportation.............. 175.4 184.4 177.7 178.2 187 189 192 191 191 190 Transportation by air............. 1,157.7 1,167.3 1,147.6 1,128.0 1,171 1,156 1,151 1,127 1,156 1,144 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 15.1 15.3 15.4 15.7 15 15 15 15 15 16 Transportation services........... 426.8 420.0 415.3 415.2 429 418 421 422 422 419 Communications and public utilities. 2,485 2,413 2,378 2,365 2,496 2,427 2,421 2,413 2,387 2,375 Communications.................... 1,645.6 1,576.0 1,547.5 1,540.9 1,652 1,585 1,583 1,576 1,553 1,546 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 839.7 837.1 830.8 824.5 844 842 838 837 834 829 Wholesale trade....................... 6,639 6,646 6,588 6,584 6,689 6,657 6,643 6,637 6,638 6,637 Durable goods....................... 3,905 3,883 3,856 3,852 3,924 3,893 3,885 3,880 3,877 3,876 Nondurable goods.................... 2,734 2,763 2,732 2,732 2,765 2,764 2,758 2,757 2,761 2,761 Retail trade.......................... 22,804 23,796 22,837 22,630 23,331 23,289 23,247 23,152 23,268 23,176 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 989.2 1,061.1 1,022.4 1,018.4 1,048 1,071 1,078 1,077 1,084 1,081 General merchandise stores.......... 2,794.2 3,120.7 2,829.8 2,762.7 2,892 2,851 2,828 2,821 2,831 2,859 Department stores................. 2,463.8 2,745.9 2,488.4 2,429.2 2,550 2,506 2,491 2,488 2,499 2,526 Food stores......................... 3,368.1 3,433.0 3,364.4 3,331.8 3,402 3,386 3,382 3,365 3,372 3,363 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,399.2 2,411.3 2,388.0 2,384.8 2,430 2,438 2,430 2,420 2,415 2,413 New and used car dealers.......... 1,128.5 1,119.8 1,112.3 1,112.1 1,134 1,131 1,128 1,123 1,118 1,117 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,131.3 1,272.8 1,171.5 1,118.1 1,172 1,174 1,172 1,174 1,173 1,158 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,135.9 1,226.2 1,175.6 1,153.4 1,143 1,156 1,165 1,175 1,165 1,156 Eating and drinking places.......... 7,932.4 8,018.9 7,798.4 7,811.8 8,161 8,140 8,129 8,063 8,145 8,060 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,053.7 3,252.3 3,086.5 3,048.9 3,083 3,073 3,063 3,057 3,083 3,086 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,698 7,811 7,773 7,773 7,745 7,803 7,807 7,816 7,812 7,815 Finance............................. 3,806 3,868 3,860 3,863 3,812 3,853 3,854 3,861 3,864 3,868 Depository institutions........... 2,067.7 2,080.7 2,078.4 2,074.2 2,072 2,080 2,082 2,079 2,078 2,078 Commercial banks................ 1,442.2 1,450.0 1,448.0 1,444.4 1,446 1,452 1,451 1,449 1,448 1,448 Savings institutions............ 262.7 261.5 261.4 261.5 263 263 261 261 260 261 Nondepository institutions........ 755.3 814.3 817.7 825.3 754 797 801 809 816 822 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 358.2 409.1 413.6 421.1 359 396 400 408 414 422 Security and commodity brokers.... 722.1 707.6 706.3 705.7 726 713 709 709 711 711 Holding and other investment offices........................ 260.8 265.0 257.5 258.1 260 263 262 264 259 257 Insurance........................... 2,371 2,376 2,374 2,373 2,376 2,371 2,373 2,375 2,379 2,377 Insurance carriers................ 1,589.6 1,576.7 1,580.6 1,580.2 1,593 1,578 1,578 1,578 1,583 1,583 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 781.0 798.8 793.2 792.9 783 793 795 797 796 794 Real estate......................... 1,521 1,567 1,539 1,537 1,557 1,579 1,580 1,580 1,569 1,570 Services2............................. 40,440 41,309 40,671 40,956 40,901 41,385 41,404 41,469 41,513 41,427 Agricultural services............... 739.7 816.1 761.8 759.4 868 874 880 880 884 884 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,713.6 1,722.6 1,698.6 1,703.4 1,811 1,791 1,792 1,807 1,813 1,796 Personal services................... 1,357.8 1,279.0 1,329.3 1,346.2 1,282 1,288 1,283 1,292 1,279 1,273 Business services................... 9,029.7 9,353.1 9,083.1 9,075.5 9,207 9,324 9,309 9,311 9,298 9,272 Services to buildings............. 1,005.6 1,038.9 1,025.7 1,020.5 1,018 1,041 1,045 1,044 1,040 1,034 Personnel supply services......... 2,918.0 3,199.4 2,984.1 2,988.3 3,070 3,178 3,152 3,175 3,181 3,172 Help supply services............ 2,615.3 2,883.5 2,679.8 2,684.8 2,758 2,865 2,838 2,866 2,876 2,879 Computer and data processing services....................... 2,212.3 2,191.7 2,189.7 2,187.8 2,208 2,196 2,195 2,187 2,186 2,185 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,258.1 1,261.0 1,262.9 1,259.1 1,262 1,262 1,263 1,268 1,274 1,262 Miscellaneous repair services....... 375.1 375.9 374.4 371.2 379 378 378 376 378 375 Motion pictures..................... 571.4 584.8 578.0 571.8 574 591 590 583 581 575 Amusement and recreation services... 1,448.1 1,483.0 1,437.9 1,443.1 1,649 1,640 1,630 1,653 1,663 1,642 Health services..................... 10548.8 10803.2 10779.1 10786.0 10,575 10,755 10,777 10,787 10,806 10,811 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 2,035.1 2,096.6 2,085.3 2,087.7 2,041 2,085 2,088 2,092 2,089 2,093 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,869.8 1,906.8 1,900.8 1,899.6 1,875 1,899 1,905 1,904 1,906 1,905 Hospitals......................... 4,178.7 4,273.8 4,271.2 4,277.2 4,184 4,256 4,267 4,269 4,276 4,283 Home health care services......... 638.3 659.3 657.1 658.6 642 655 656 657 659 663 Legal services...................... 1,048.0 1,082.8 1,081.5 1,083.8 1,054 1,077 1,079 1,081 1,086 1,091 Educational services................ 2,623.3 2,710.7 2,507.2 2,726.4 2,485 2,560 2,574 2,582 2,591 2,584 Social services..................... 3,156.9 3,223.1 3,208.0 3,222.3 3,155 3,201 3,208 3,209 3,222 3,219 Child day care services........... 735.2 739.4 738.0 740.5 722 730 728 725 729 728 Residential care.................. 894.1 914.4 909.0 912.4 899 909 912 915 912 916 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 100.0 103.3 97.3 97.3 109 107 107 106 107 107 Membership organizations............ 2,451.5 2,466.0 2,438.6 2,451.9 2,471 2,480 2,478 2,476 2,473 2,472 Engineering and management services. 3,626.9 3,656.1 3,645.3 3,671.3 3,629 3,666 3,667 3,669 3,670 3,676 Engineering and architectural services....................... 1,030.0 1,021.4 1,010.6 1,006.5 1,044 1,027 1,028 1,028 1,020 1,019 Management and public relations... 1,185.7 1,232.7 1,227.2 1,230.0 1,193 1,226 1,228 1,232 1,238 1,238 Services, nec....................... 47.1 44.9 43.9 43.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 21,484 21,703 21,283 21,695 21,162 21,349 21,364 21,359 21,370 21,383 Federal............................. 2,596 2,652 2,641 2,648 2,608 2,649 2,661 2,664 2,665 2,661 Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,767.3 1,840.7 1,839.1 1,848.6 1,777 1,840 1,853 1,856 1,855 1,859 State............................... 5,035 5,049 4,864 5,063 4,937 4,955 4,961 4,953 4,933 4,959 Education......................... 2,248.6 2,284.6 2,098.9 2,291.1 2,130 2,160 2,165 2,166 2,146 2,168 Other State government............ 2,785.9 2,763.9 2,764.8 2,771.8 2,807 2,795 2,796 2,787 2,787 2,791 Local............................... 13,853 14,002 13,778 13,984 13,617 13,745 13,742 13,742 13,772 13,763 Education......................... 8,107.9 8,170.5 7,986.9 8,186.9 7,746 7,829 7,820 7,813 7,842 7,836 Other local government............ 5,744.6 5,831.9 5,791.5 5,796.8 5,871 5,916 5,922 5,929 5,930 5,927 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2002 2003p 2003p 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003p 2003p Total private.................... 33.9 34.4 33.7 34.0 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.1 34.3 34.1 Goods-producing......................... 39.9 40.4 39.8 39.3 40.4 40.1 39.9 40.2 40.5 39.8 Mining................................ 42.9 42.3 41.9 42.1 43.4 42.7 43.1 42.1 42.7 42.8 Construction.......................... 38.5 37.8 38.1 36.6 39.4 38.4 38.2 38.4 39.5 37.4 Manufacturing......................... 40.3 41.5 40.5 40.4 40.7 40.7 40.6 40.9 40.8 40.8 Overtime hours.................... 3.7 4.5 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.2 Durable goods........................ 40.8 41.9 41.0 40.8 41.1 41.2 41.0 41.3 41.4 41.2 Overtime hours.................... 3.7 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.2 Lumber and wood products............ 40.0 41.1 40.1 40.3 40.9 41.0 40.6 41.2 41.1 41.0 Furniture and fixtures.............. 39.8 41.3 39.7 39.4 40.3 39.6 39.5 40.7 40.2 39.7 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 42.6 42.7 42.2 41.9 44.1 43.4 42.9 43.1 43.6 43.1 Primary metal industries............ 43.5 45.4 44.3 44.3 43.8 44.7 44.3 44.7 44.3 44.7 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 44.4 46.3 44.7 44.5 44.8 46.2 45.4 46.5 44.8 44.9 Fabricated metal products........... 41.2 42.2 41.3 41.0 41.6 41.6 41.3 41.2 41.6 41.4 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 40.3 41.3 40.7 40.9 40.1 40.5 40.3 40.6 40.8 41.0 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 38.7 39.9 38.6 38.7 38.9 38.3 38.7 39.0 38.6 38.9 Transportation equipment............ 41.9 43.4 42.6 41.6 42.3 42.6 42.2 42.5 43.0 42.0 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 43.3 45.3 44.4 43.1 43.7 44.4 44.0 44.4 45.2 43.5 Instruments and related products.... 40.5 41.6 40.6 40.7 40.4 40.7 40.6 40.9 40.8 40.7 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 38.1 39.2 38.3 37.9 38.4 38.9 38.5 38.8 39.0 38.1 Nondurable goods..................... 39.7 40.9 39.9 39.8 40.2 40.1 40.1 40.4 40.1 40.2 Overtime hours.................... 3.7 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.1 Food and kindred products........... 40.0 41.9 40.4 39.9 41.0 40.8 41.0 41.4 40.8 40.7 Tobacco products.................... 40.6 40.1 40.2 39.8 41.4 40.4 39.6 39.5 40.7 41.0 Textile mill products............... 40.5 41.6 40.4 40.4 40.9 40.9 40.9 41.2 40.5 40.7 Apparel and other textile products.. 36.6 37.1 36.2 36.6 36.7 36.6 36.6 36.7 36.6 36.7 Paper and allied products........... 41.1 42.5 42.0 41.7 41.5 41.3 41.5 41.8 42.0 42.3 Printing and publishing............. 37.1 38.3 37.4 37.4 37.4 37.4 37.1 37.7 37.8 37.8 Chemicals and allied products....... 41.7 42.6 41.7 42.3 41.9 42.2 42.2 42.1 41.7 42.5 Petroleum and coal products......... 41.8 41.4 42.1 43.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 40.8 41.5 40.3 40.2 40.9 40.9 40.7 40.8 40.5 40.4 Leather and leather products........ 36.8 37.1 36.6 36.5 37.2 36.3 37.0 37.1 37.0 36.7 Service-producing....................... 32.5 33.1 32.3 32.9 32.7 32.8 32.9 32.8 32.9 32.8 Transportation and public utilities... 37.9 38.8 37.8 38.2 38.1 38.4 38.5 38.3 38.3 38.3 Wholesale trade....................... 38.0 38.9 38.0 38.7 38.3 38.6 38.5 38.5 38.4 38.6 Retail trade.......................... 28.6 29.5 28.4 28.9 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.2 29.3 29.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.1 36.7 36.0 36.9 36.2 36.0 36.2 36.0 36.3 36.2 Services.............................. 32.5 32.8 32.3 32.8 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.6 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2002 2003p 2003p 2002 2002 2003p 2003p Total private.................... $14.66 $15.04 $15.06 $15.16 $496.97 $517.38 $507.52 $515.44 Seasonally adjusted............. 14.61 14.98 14.97 15.08 499.66 510.82 513.47 514.23 Goods-producing......................... 16.18 16.67 16.57 16.55 645.58 673.47 659.49 650.42 Mining................................ 17.76 17.85 18.02 18.24 761.90 755.06 755.04 767.90 Construction.......................... 18.62 19.23 19.01 18.99 716.87 726.89 724.28 695.03 Manufacturing......................... 15.16 15.58 15.55 15.56 610.95 646.57 629.78 628.62 Durable goods........................ 15.63 16.09 16.06 16.05 637.70 674.17 658.46 654.84 Lumber and wood products............ 12.39 12.66 12.62 12.68 495.60 520.33 506.06 511.00 Furniture and fixtures.............. 12.59 12.83 12.78 12.82 501.08 529.88 507.37 505.11 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 15.17 15.75 15.76 15.70 646.24 672.53 665.07 657.83 Primary metal industries............ 17.15 17.64 17.70 17.60 746.03 800.86 784.11 779.68 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 20.63 21.09 21.34 21.28 915.97 976.47 953.90 946.96 Fabricated metal products........... 14.51 14.98 14.97 14.97 597.81 632.16 618.26 613.77 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 16.33 16.66 16.66 16.69 658.10 688.06 678.06 682.62 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 14.90 15.19 15.12 15.22 576.63 606.08 583.63 589.01 Transportation equipment............ 19.69 20.55 20.39 20.26 825.01 891.87 868.61 842.82 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 20.05 21.40 21.10 20.87 868.17 969.42 936.84 899.50 Instruments and related products.... 15.10 15.53 15.48 15.46 611.55 646.05 628.49 629.22 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 12.42 12.54 12.56 12.55 473.20 491.57 481.05 475.65 Nondurable goods..................... 14.47 14.84 14.81 14.87 574.46 606.96 590.92 591.83 Food and kindred products........... 13.08 13.40 13.31 13.29 523.20 561.46 537.72 530.27 Tobacco products.................... 21.71 20.70 21.05 21.25 881.43 830.07 846.21 845.75 Textile mill products............... 11.64 11.84 11.91 11.88 471.42 492.54 481.16 479.95 Apparel and other textile products.. 9.77 10.11 10.08 10.05 357.58 375.08 364.90 367.83 Paper and allied products........... 17.17 17.83 17.71 17.77 705.69 757.78 743.82 741.01 Printing and publishing............. 15.06 15.45 15.34 15.46 558.73 591.74 573.72 578.20 Chemicals and allied products....... 18.95 19.44 19.45 19.50 790.22 828.14 811.07 824.85 Petroleum and coal products......... 22.45 22.75 22.58 23.17 938.41 941.85 950.62 1007.90 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 13.65 13.97 14.01 14.04 556.92 579.76 564.60 564.41 Leather and leather products........ 10.35 10.51 10.41 10.38 380.88 389.92 381.01 378.87 Service-producing....................... 14.24 14.60 14.64 14.79 462.80 483.26 472.87 486.59 Transportation and public utilities... 17.12 17.48 17.48 17.69 648.85 678.22 660.74 675.76 Wholesale trade....................... 16.21 16.48 16.40 16.54 615.98 641.07 623.20 640.10 Retail trade.......................... 9.95 10.18 10.23 10.26 284.57 300.31 290.53 296.51 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 16.13 16.82 16.77 16.93 582.29 617.29 603.72 624.72 Services.............................. 15.17 15.68 15.63 15.81 493.03 514.30 504.85 518.57 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. change Industry 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003p 2003p from: Jan. 2003- Feb. 2003 Total private: Current dollars.............. $14.61 $14.90 $14.94 $14.98 $14.97 $15.08 0.7 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.18 8.14 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 16.28 16.54 16.54 16.61 16.63 16.66 .2 Mining...................... 17.66 17.83 17.89 17.78 17.89 18.20 1.7 Construction................ 18.68 19.00 19.00 19.14 19.02 19.11 .5 Manufacturing............... 15.17 15.44 15.44 15.48 15.53 15.58 .3 Excluding overtime4....... 14.46 14.70 14.71 14.72 14.79 14.84 .3 Service-producing............. 14.13 14.44 14.50 14.53 14.51 14.65 1.0 Transportation and public utilities................ 17.11 17.38 17.51 17.45 17.42 17.64 1.3 Wholesale trade............. 16.19 16.31 16.32 16.37 16.36 16.51 .9 Retail trade................ 9.92 10.12 10.14 10.18 10.15 10.22 .7 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 16.08 16.57 16.71 16.73 16.76 16.76 .0 Services.................... 15.04 15.40 15.46 15.49 15.49 15.65 1.0 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.5 percent from December 2002 to January 2003, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 2002 2002 2003p 2003p 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003p 2003p Total private.................... 144.2 149.5 142.9 144.1 148.1 148.1 147.9 147.7 148.5 147.0 Goods-producing......................... 101.4 103.3 99.3 97.3 106.1 103.7 103.0 103.3 104.1 101.7 Mining................................ 52.3 51.3 49.4 49.6 54.6 52.3 52.3 51.3 51.8 52.3 Construction.......................... 162.4 168.9 159.7 151.1 182.3 175.2 174.4 175.4 180.2 168.6 Manufacturing......................... 91.4 92.4 89.4 88.8 92.8 91.5 90.8 91.0 91.0 90.3 Durable goods........................ 94.2 94.4 91.5 90.5 95.4 93.7 92.7 92.8 93.2 92.0 Lumber and wood products............ 128.1 132.7 127.6 127.0 134.1 133.8 131.8 133.5 133.6 132.5 Furniture and fixtures.............. 120.5 122.1 116.2 114.1 121.9 119.2 118.9 120.9 118.5 115.8 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 107.1 109.7 105.1 104.6 114.6 113.9 112.3 112.0 113.3 111.5 Primary metal industries............ 75.9 76.9 74.6 74.1 76.4 75.7 75.1 75.4 74.7 74.9 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 57.2 59.9 57.2 56.4 57.9 59.3 57.9 59.3 57.5 57.6 Fabricated metal products........... 107.9 108.7 105.3 103.8 109.0 108.3 106.5 105.7 106.4 105.1 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 83.2 81.6 80.1 79.9 82.6 81.0 80.2 80.1 80.3 80.1 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 82.7 78.7 75.6 74.7 82.5 76.5 76.4 76.5 75.6 75.1 Transportation equipment............ 105.0 107.0 104.3 102.1 106.2 105.5 103.7 104.0 106.8 103.7 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 141.3 147.4 142.7 139.5 142.8 144.6 142.3 142.5 147.7 141.1 Instruments and related products.... 68.9 67.9 66.5 66.4 68.7 67.0 66.7 66.6 67.0 66.5 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 87.7 91.0 87.3 86.3 89.3 90.8 90.6 89.8 90.3 87.5 Nondurable goods..................... 87.5 89.6 86.6 86.3 89.3 88.4 88.2 88.5 87.9 88.1 Food and kindred products........... 109.7 117.1 112.3 110.4 114.8 114.2 114.9 116.3 115.3 114.6 Tobacco products.................... 50.5 56.0 53.2 50.5 51.3 54.0 52.9 50.9 50.4 50.8 Textile mill products............... 60.6 60.4 58.1 57.3 62.0 59.8 59.5 59.9 58.9 58.3 Apparel and other textile products.. 43.4 42.0 40.7 41.2 43.7 42.2 42.1 41.9 41.7 41.8 Paper and allied products........... 93.9 95.5 93.3 92.6 95.5 93.6 94.1 93.5 93.6 94.2 Printing and publishing............. 106.3 108.3 104.3 104.7 107.4 105.7 104.3 105.4 105.8 106.2 Chemicals and allied products....... 94.1 95.5 93.4 94.4 94.2 94.8 94.7 94.6 93.7 94.8 Petroleum and coal products......... 68.8 69.5 68.9 71.6 71.8 72.0 71.2 70.5 70.8 75.1 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 131.9 133.1 128.9 128.9 132.6 132.8 131.6 131.0 130.1 130.1 Leather and leather products........ 23.4 23.0 22.4 21.5 23.4 24.5 23.9 23.4 22.7 21.4 Service-producing....................... 163.4 170.2 162.5 165.1 167.0 168.0 168.0 167.6 168.4 167.4 Transportation and public utilities... 130.3 132.7 126.9 127.0 132.7 130.9 131.1 130.0 129.7 128.9 Wholesale trade....................... 123.7 127.1 122.6 124.8 125.6 126.3 125.6 125.6 125.0 125.7 Retail trade.......................... 141.1 152.7 140.0 141.1 146.8 147.0 146.9 146.3 147.6 146.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 139.2 144.4 141.0 144.4 140.8 141.6 142.8 141.9 143.2 142.7 Services.............................. 207.7 213.9 207.3 211.6 211.1 213.9 213.8 213.6 214.7 213.5 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 347 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1999.............. 55.3 58.6 53.6 58.4 55.5 57.8 57.1 54.8 57.1 57.2 60.4 58.1 2000.............. 55.9 57.5 57.9 51.2 50.1 55.8 57.8 51.4 52.4 52.4 53.2 52.7 2001.............. 49.4 45.7 50.3 42.4 47.3 43.2 44.5 42.5 42.4 40.5 39.3 44.1 2002.............. 47.3 41.4 49.7 47.8 50.9 49.4 48.6 48.8 49.3 48.3 45.8 44.4 2003.............. p49.6 p41.1 Over 3-month span: 1999.............. 59.2 57.6 59.5 55.2 60.2 57.2 59.4 59.2 59.7 58.9 61.2 60.7 2000.............. 60.4 61.4 58.4 53.2 52.4 55.5 56.6 56.2 51.2 51.0 53.2 51.6 2001.............. 45.5 46.1 40.8 43.4 37.8 43.2 39.3 38.0 35.3 33.7 36.3 38.9 2002.............. 40.1 43.2 42.5 46.5 48.0 50.1 47.1 45.1 47.3 45.1 43.1 p45.0 2003.............. p40.3 Over 6-month span: 1999.............. 60.2 58.9 58.5 59.7 57.2 60.8 61.2 62.5 62.7 61.8 61.2 62.8 2000.............. 61.1 59.4 58.1 57.9 54.2 52.4 52.9 54.2 52.4 48.7 45.7 46.5 2001.............. 44.7 42.7 39.5 40.1 40.8 35.6 37.0 32.4 34.3 33.1 34.1 35.6 2002.............. 37.0 41.6 43.4 44.4 46.5 46.0 46.5 43.1 40.8 p43.9 p39.2 2003.............. Over 12-month span: 1999.............. 61.2 60.1 58.2 61.0 60.7 61.5 62.2 61.1 63.8 62.2 59.7 60.5 2000.............. 61.4 59.9 58.8 56.2 55.3 53.6 53.0 51.0 47.7 45.2 44.5 42.9 2001.............. 41.5 41.5 38.9 37.5 37.3 36.2 34.1 33.6 34.4 33.9 33.3 34.0 2002.............. 35.2 36.0 37.3 38.3 40.5 39.9 p40.9 p38.0 2003.............. Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1999.............. 47.4 41.2 42.6 46.0 46.3 43.4 50.0 42.6 46.0 45.6 51.5 49.3 2000.............. 44.9 52.2 49.3 46.0 49.3 50.7 57.4 36.8 39.0 42.3 47.1 40.8 2001.............. 34.9 26.8 38.2 29.0 28.3 30.5 34.9 25.7 31.6 31.3 25.0 30.9 2002.............. 35.3 37.9 40.4 47.4 47.1 40.4 48.9 41.9 40.1 40.4 40.1 37.1 2003.............. p46.7 p39.0 Over 3-month span: 1999.............. 39.3 39.3 39.7 40.1 41.2 43.8 44.1 46.3 42.3 44.1 47.8 45.2 2000.............. 48.2 48.9 48.9 44.5 46.7 52.2 46.0 38.6 29.0 34.2 39.0 36.0 2001.............. 21.3 21.3 18.4 23.5 19.9 23.2 17.3 19.1 16.2 18.0 18.4 18.0 2002.............. 24.6 30.1 37.1 38.6 40.1 41.2 38.6 34.6 32.4 32.0 28.3 p32.0 2003.............. p29.0 Over 6-month span: 1999.............. 36.4 36.0 37.5 40.4 37.5 42.3 43.0 44.5 48.2 43.0 44.5 47.4 2000.............. 47.8 45.2 44.5 50.0 41.9 37.9 36.0 35.3 32.4 26.1 21.3 21.7 2001.............. 20.2 16.9 14.0 16.2 16.5 13.2 14.7 11.8 14.0 13.2 17.6 16.5 2002.............. 19.9 26.8 29.8 38.2 36.4 34.2 31.6 26.8 24.6 p26.8 p24.3 2003.............. Over 12-month span: 1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 44.5 43.4 44.5 2000.............. 49.3 44.1 39.3 36.8 35.3 34.2 33.8 28.7 22.1 19.1 17.6 14.0 2001.............. 13.6 13.6 13.6 15.4 12.1 11.0 11.0 11.0 12.9 12.9 14.0 13.6 2002.............. 18.0 18.0 20.2 20.2 24.6 22.1 p25.0 p22.1 2003.............. 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.