Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 04-596 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, April 2, 2004. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MARCH 2004 Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 308,000 in March, and the unemployment rate was about unchanged at 5.7 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Payroll job growth was fairly widespread, as construction employment rose sharply and several major service-providing industries also added jobs. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The unemployment rate, 5.7 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, 8.4 million, were essentially unchanged in March. Both measures remained below their recent highs of June 2003. Unemployment rates for the major worker groups--adult men (5.2 percent), adult women (5.1 percent), teenagers (16.5 percent), whites (5.1 percent), blacks (10.2 percent), and Hispanics or Latinos (7.4 percent)--showed little or no change over the month. The unem- ployment rate for Asians was 4.2 percent in March, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment in March held at 138.3 million, and the employment-popula- tion ratio--the proportion of the population age 16 and over with jobs--was essentially unchanged at 62.1 percent. The civilian labor force was about unchanged over the month at 146.7 million, and the labor force participation rate remained at 65.9 percent. (See table A-1.) In March, the number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons increased to 4.7 million, about the same level as in January. These indivi- duals indicated that they would like to work full time but were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-5.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The number of persons who were marginally attached to the labor force totaled 1.6 million in March, about the same as a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they did not actively search for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. There were 514,000 discouraged workers in March, also about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 1.1 million margin- ally attached had not searched for work for reasons such as school or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 308,000 in March to 130.5 million, seasonally adjusted. The over-the-month increase in employment included gains in construction, retail trade, and health care and social assistance. The number of factory jobs was unchanged in March. Since August 2003, payroll employment has risen by 759,000. (See table B-1.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ______________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Feb.- Category | 2003 | 2004 1/| 2004 | Mar. |_________________|_________________ ________|change | IV | I | Jan. 1/| Feb. | Mar. | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force.....| 146,986| 146,661| 146,863| 146,471| 146,650| 179 Employment.............| 138,369| 138,388| 138,566| 138,301| 138,298| -3 Unemployment...........| 8,616| 8,273| 8,297| 8,170| 8,352| 182 Not in labor force.......| 75,290| 75,695| 75,298| 75,886| 75,900| 14 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers..............| 5.9| 5.6| 5.6| 5.6| 5.7| 0.1 Adult men..............| 5.5| 5.1| 5.1| 5.1| 5.2| .1 Adult women............| 5.1| 5.0| 5.0| 4.9| 5.1| .2 Teenagers..............| 16.3| 16.6| 16.7| 16.6| 16.5| -.1 White..................| 5.1| 5.0| 4.9| 4.9| 5.1| .2 Black or African | | | | | | American.............| 10.7| 10.1| 10.5| 9.8| 10.2| .4 Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | ethnicity............| 7.1| 7.4| 7.3| 7.4| 7.4| .0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment.......| 130,002|p130,327| 130,194|p130,240|p130,548| p308 Goods-producing 2/.....| 21,676| p21,706| 21,696| p21,672| p21,750| p78 Construction.........| 6,766| p6,822| 6,812| p6,791| p6,862| p71 Manufacturing........| 14,340| p14,311| 14,314| p14,310| p14,310| p0 Service-providing 2/...| 108,326|p108,621| 108,498|p108,568|p108,798| p230 Retail trade.........| 14,915| p14,971| 14,945| p14,961| p15,008| p47 Professional and | | | | | | business services..| 16,114| p16,195| 16,172| p16,185| p16,227| p42 Education and health | | | | | | services...........| 16,705| p16,773| 16,746| p16,767| p16,806| p39 Leisure and | | | | | | hospitality........| 12,172| p12,229| 12,218| p12,221| p12,249| p28 Government...........| 21,549| p21,547| 21,527| p21,542| p21,573| p31 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 33.7| p33.8| 33.8| p33.8| p33.7| p-0.1 Manufacturing..........| 40.6| p41.0| 41.0| p41.0| p40.9| p-.1 Overtime.............| 4.4| p4.6| 4.5| p4.6| p4.6| p.0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 98.7| p99.1| 99.1| p99.1| p99.0| p-0.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 3/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| $15.45| p$15.52| $15.49| p$15.52| p$15.54| p$0.02 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| 520.55| p523.95| 523.56| p524.58| p523.70| p-.88 _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1 Beginning in January 2004, household data reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 3 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Construction employment increased by 71,000 in March, following a decline in February. This industry has added 201,000 jobs over the past year. Most of the March employment gain occurred among specialty trade contractors. Retail trade added 47,000 jobs in March. This sector has added 132,000 jobs since December, after posting a net job loss in 2003. Within retail trade, employment in food stores increased by 13,000 over the month, reflect- ing the net impact of workers returning from a strike. Wholesale trade em- ployment edged up over the month. Since October, the industry has added 39,000 jobs. Employment in health care and social assistance rose by 36,000 in March. Over the year, this industry has gained 255,000 jobs. In March, employment increased in hospitals (12,000), offices of physicians (9,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (7,000). In the financial sector, employment in credit intermediation and related activities grew by 11,000 in March. Following declines in the last quarter of 2003, employment in credit intermediation expanded in the first quarter, reflecting a rise in mortgage refinancing activity. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2003, the industry had been adding jobs for about 3 years. Professional and business services added 42,000 jobs in March. Small em- ployment increases occurred in several of the component industries, including architectural and engineering services, computer systems design, and manage- ment consulting. Elsewhere in professional and business services, employment in temporary help services was about unchanged over the month. Since April 2003, however, the industry has added 212,000 jobs. Within the leisure and hospitality sector, employment in food services and drinking places increased by 27,000 over the month and by 186,000 over the year. Manufacturing employment was unchanged in March at 14.3 million. Declines in manufacturing employment began moderating late last summer. Employment in both durable and nondurable goods manufacturing was little changed in March. Employment in a number of other industries edged up in March, including transportation and warehousing (13,000), utilities (2,000), and government (31,000). Within government, the March job gain was concentrated in state and local education. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour in March to 33.7 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek also declined by 0.1 hour to 40.9 hours. Manufacturing overtime was unchanged at 4.6 hours over the month. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.1 percent in March to 99.0 (2002=100). The manufacturing index was down by 0.3 percent over the month to 94.1. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 2 cents in March to $15.54, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings fell by 0.2 percent over the month to $523.70. Over the year, average hourly earnings grew by 1.8 percent, and average weekly earn- ings increased by 1.5 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for April 2004 is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). - 4 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap- proximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. - 5 - Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. - 6 - Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super- sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in- dependently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di- rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to ad- just only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 290,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -190,000 to 390,000 (100,000 +/- 290,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 4 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 270,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. - 7 - The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi- ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de- rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household and establishment survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." For the establish- ment survey data, the sampling error measures and the actual size of re- visions due to benchmark adjustments appear in tables 2-B through 2-F of Employment and Earnings. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 220,317 222,357 222,550 220,317 222,279 222,509 222,161 222,357 222,550 Civilian labor force............................ 145,801 146,154 146,525 145,818 147,187 146,878 146,863 146,471 146,650 Participation rate........................ 66.2 65.7 65.8 66.2 66.2 66.0 66.1 65.9 65.9 Employed...................................... 136,783 137,384 137,691 137,300 138,533 138,479 138,566 138,301 138,298 Employment-population ratio............... 62.1 61.8 61.9 62.3 62.3 62.2 62.4 62.2 62.1 Unemployed.................................... 9,018 8,770 8,834 8,519 8,653 8,398 8,297 8,170 8,352 Unemployment rate......................... 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 Not in labor force.............................. 74,516 76,203 76,025 74,499 75,093 75,631 75,298 75,886 75,900 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,763 4,622 4,667 4,974 4,572 4,714 4,747 4,746 4,843 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 106,005 107,177 107,281 106,005 107,003 107,123 107,072 107,177 107,281 Civilian labor force............................ 77,533 78,014 78,283 77,731 78,799 78,661 78,823 78,337 78,542 Participation rate........................ 73.1 72.8 73.0 73.3 73.6 73.4 73.6 73.1 73.2 Employed...................................... 72,304 73,003 73,244 73,015 73,915 74,085 74,343 73,901 74,006 Employment-population ratio............... 68.2 68.1 68.3 68.9 69.1 69.2 69.4 69.0 69.0 Unemployed.................................... 5,228 5,012 5,039 4,716 4,883 4,576 4,480 4,436 4,536 Unemployment rate......................... 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 Not in labor force.............................. 28,473 29,163 28,998 28,275 28,204 28,462 28,249 28,840 28,739 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 97,869 98,966 99,065 97,869 98,814 98,927 98,866 98,966 99,065 Civilian labor force............................ 74,208 74,719 74,991 74,209 75,188 75,044 75,171 74,797 75,018 Participation rate........................ 75.8 75.5 75.7 75.8 76.1 75.9 76.0 75.6 75.7 Employed...................................... 69,679 70,318 70,586 70,213 70,964 71,099 71,329 70,969 71,128 Employment-population ratio............... 71.2 71.1 71.3 71.7 71.8 71.9 72.1 71.7 71.8 Unemployed.................................... 4,528 4,402 4,405 3,995 4,224 3,945 3,842 3,828 3,890 Unemployment rate......................... 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2 Not in labor force.............................. 23,661 24,246 24,074 23,660 23,626 23,882 23,694 24,168 24,047 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 114,312 115,180 115,269 114,312 115,276 115,386 115,089 115,180 115,269 Civilian labor force............................ 68,269 68,140 68,241 68,088 68,388 68,217 68,040 68,134 68,108 Participation rate........................ 59.7 59.2 59.2 59.6 59.3 59.1 59.1 59.2 59.1 Employed...................................... 64,479 64,381 64,447 64,285 64,618 64,394 64,223 64,400 64,292 Employment-population ratio............... 56.4 55.9 55.9 56.2 56.1 55.8 55.8 55.9 55.8 Unemployed.................................... 3,790 3,758 3,794 3,803 3,770 3,823 3,817 3,734 3,816 Unemployment rate......................... 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 Not in labor force.............................. 46,043 47,040 47,028 46,224 46,888 47,169 47,050 47,046 47,161 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 106,411 107,216 107,299 106,411 107,303 107,404 107,131 107,216 107,299 Civilian labor force............................ 64,877 64,832 65,036 64,490 64,917 64,846 64,515 64,629 64,687 Participation rate........................ 61.0 60.5 60.6 60.6 60.5 60.4 60.2 60.3 60.3 Employed...................................... 61,592 61,592 61,703 61,219 61,597 61,521 61,260 61,456 61,373 Employment-population ratio............... 57.9 57.4 57.5 57.5 57.4 57.3 57.2 57.3 57.2 Unemployed.................................... 3,285 3,240 3,333 3,271 3,320 3,326 3,255 3,172 3,314 Unemployment rate......................... 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.1 Not in labor force.............................. 41,533 42,384 42,264 41,921 42,387 42,558 42,617 42,587 42,613 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 16,038 16,175 16,186 16,038 16,162 16,178 16,164 16,175 16,186 Civilian labor force............................ 6,717 6,603 6,498 7,120 7,082 6,987 7,177 7,045 6,945 Participation rate........................ 41.9 40.8 40.1 44.4 43.8 43.2 44.4 43.6 42.9 Employed...................................... 5,512 5,475 5,402 5,868 5,972 5,859 5,977 5,875 5,797 Employment-population ratio............... 34.4 33.8 33.4 36.6 37.0 36.2 37.0 36.3 35.8 Unemployed.................................... 1,205 1,128 1,096 1,252 1,109 1,128 1,200 1,170 1,148 Unemployment rate......................... 17.9 17.1 16.9 17.6 15.7 16.1 16.7 16.6 16.5 Not in labor force.............................. 9,321 9,572 9,688 8,918 9,080 9,191 8,987 9,130 9,240 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, race, sex, and age Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 180,728 182,001 182,121 180,728 182,032 182,185 181,879 182,001 182,121 Civilian labor force............................ 120,201 120,336 120,455 120,223 121,041 120,751 120,723 120,540 120,542 Participation rate.......................... 66.5 66.1 66.1 66.5 66.5 66.3 66.4 66.2 66.2 Employed...................................... 113,630 113,834 113,921 114,057 114,783 114,678 114,765 114,602 114,433 Employment-population ratio................. 62.9 62.5 62.6 63.1 63.1 62.9 63.1 63.0 62.8 Unemployed.................................... 6,572 6,502 6,533 6,166 6,258 6,073 5,958 5,938 6,109 Unemployment rate........................... 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.1 Not in labor force.............................. 60,526 61,665 61,666 60,505 60,991 61,434 61,156 61,460 61,579 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 62,214 62,494 62,622 62,253 62,913 62,752 62,799 62,603 62,672 Participation rate.......................... 76.3 76.0 76.1 76.3 76.5 76.2 76.4 76.1 76.1 Employed...................................... 58,802 59,123 59,245 59,277 59,777 59,794 59,969 59,763 59,736 Employment-population ratio................. 72.1 71.9 72.0 72.7 72.7 72.6 73.0 72.6 72.6 Unemployed.................................... 3,412 3,371 3,377 2,976 3,136 2,957 2,830 2,840 2,936 Unemployment rate........................... 5.5 5.4 5.4 4.8 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.7 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 52,404 52,281 52,388 52,033 52,210 52,199 51,954 51,993 52,016 Participation rate.......................... 60.5 60.0 60.1 60.0 59.9 59.8 59.6 59.7 59.6 Employed...................................... 50,120 50,051 50,053 49,761 49,932 49,941 49,668 49,797 49,710 Employment-population ratio................. 57.8 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.2 57.2 57.0 57.1 57.0 Unemployed.................................... 2,284 2,230 2,335 2,272 2,279 2,258 2,286 2,197 2,306 Unemployment rate........................... 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 5,583 5,561 5,445 5,937 5,918 5,800 5,970 5,944 5,854 Participation rate.......................... 44.7 44.2 43.3 47.5 47.1 46.1 47.5 47.3 46.5 Employed...................................... 4,707 4,661 4,623 5,019 5,074 4,942 5,128 5,042 4,987 Employment-population ratio................. 37.7 37.1 36.7 40.2 40.4 39.3 40.8 40.1 39.6 Unemployed.................................... 876 900 822 918 843 857 842 902 867 Unemployment rate........................... 15.7 16.2 15.1 15.5 14.3 14.8 14.1 15.2 14.8 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,552 25,900 25,932 25,552 25,860 25,894 25,867 25,900 25,932 Civilian labor force............................ 16,288 16,274 16,531 16,359 16,524 16,365 16,602 16,404 16,595 Participation rate.......................... 63.7 62.8 63.7 64.0 63.9 63.2 64.2 63.3 64.0 Employed...................................... 14,558 14,650 14,793 14,678 14,812 14,679 14,866 14,804 14,909 Employment-population ratio................. 57.0 56.6 57.0 57.4 57.3 56.7 57.5 57.2 57.5 Unemployed.................................... 1,730 1,624 1,738 1,681 1,712 1,686 1,736 1,600 1,686 Unemployment rate........................... 10.6 10.0 10.5 10.3 10.4 10.3 10.5 9.8 10.2 Not in labor force.............................. 9,264 9,626 9,402 9,193 9,336 9,529 9,265 9,495 9,337 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,209 7,284 7,357 7,221 7,414 7,382 7,450 7,305 7,367 Participation rate.......................... 70.5 70.1 70.7 70.7 71.6 71.2 71.8 70.3 70.8 Employed...................................... 6,465 6,552 6,620 6,533 6,668 6,695 6,737 6,620 6,689 Employment-population ratio................. 63.3 63.1 63.7 63.9 64.4 64.6 65.0 63.7 64.3 Unemployed.................................... 744 732 737 689 746 687 713 684 678 Unemployment rate........................... 10.3 10.1 10.0 9.5 10.1 9.3 9.6 9.4 9.2 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,352 8,369 8,491 8,353 8,401 8,276 8,358 8,418 8,492 Participation rate.......................... 64.4 63.8 64.7 64.4 64.1 63.1 63.8 64.2 64.7 Employed...................................... 7,624 7,628 7,702 7,622 7,639 7,471 7,595 7,674 7,700 Employment-population ratio................. 58.8 58.2 58.7 58.8 58.3 56.9 58.0 58.5 58.7 Unemployed.................................... 728 740 789 731 762 805 762 745 792 Unemployment rate........................... 8.7 8.8 9.3 8.8 9.1 9.7 9.1 8.8 9.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 727 621 683 785 710 707 794 682 737 Participation rate.......................... 30.7 25.8 28.3 33.2 29.6 29.4 33.1 28.3 30.6 Employed...................................... 470 470 471 523 505 514 533 510 521 Employment-population ratio................. 19.8 19.5 19.6 22.1 21.0 21.4 22.2 21.2 21.6 Unemployed.................................... 257 151 212 261 205 193 261 171 217 Unemployment rate........................... 35.4 24.3 31.0 33.3 28.9 27.3 32.9 25.1 29.4 ASIAN Civilian noninstutional population................ 9,081 9,334 9,395 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Civilian labor force............................ 6,063 6,190 6,235 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 66.8 66.3 66.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 5,672 5,900 5,971 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 62.5 63.2 63.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 391 290 264 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 6.5 4.7 4.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Not in labor force.............................. 3,018 3,144 3,160 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 27,191 27,705 27,791 27,191 28,016 28,116 27,619 27,705 27,791 Civilian labor force............................ 18,665 18,682 19,053 18,604 19,125 19,035 18,811 18,693 19,010 Participation rate.......................... 68.6 67.4 68.6 68.4 68.3 67.7 68.1 67.5 68.4 Employed...................................... 17,123 17,170 17,534 17,173 17,709 17,784 17,441 17,303 17,596 Employment-population ratio................. 63.0 62.0 63.1 63.2 63.2 63.3 63.2 62.5 63.3 Unemployed.................................... 1,542 1,512 1,519 1,431 1,416 1,250 1,370 1,389 1,414 Unemployment rate........................... 8.3 8.1 8.0 7.7 7.4 6.6 7.3 7.4 7.4 Not in labor force.............................. 8,527 9,023 8,738 8,587 8,891 9,082 8,807 9,012 8,781 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 10,625 10,709 10,857 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 84.2 83.2 84.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 9,868 9,917 10,125 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 78.2 77.0 78.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 757 792 732 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 7.1 7.4 6.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,120 7,036 7,261 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 59.1 57.5 59.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 6,501 6,547 6,689 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 53.9 53.5 54.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 619 490 572 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 8.7 7.0 7.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 920 937 935 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 36.5 36.3 36.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 754 707 720 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 29.9 27.4 27.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 166 230 215 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 18.0 24.5 23.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force...................... 12,874 12,191 12,397 12,841 12,764 12,712 12,356 12,526 12,390 Participation rate.................... 45.0 44.1 45.1 44.9 45.6 44.9 44.3 45.4 45.1 Employed................................ 11,608 10,965 11,155 11,735 11,677 11,678 11,271 11,455 11,302 Employment-population ratio........... 40.6 39.7 40.6 41.0 41.7 41.2 40.4 41.5 41.1 Unemployed.............................. 1,266 1,227 1,242 1,106 1,087 1,034 1,085 1,071 1,088 Unemployment rate..................... 9.8 10.1 10.0 8.6 8.5 8.1 8.8 8.5 8.8 High school graduates, no college (1) Civilian labor force...................... 37,911 37,985 37,778 37,786 38,241 37,958 37,662 37,898 37,749 Participation rate.................... 64.0 63.4 63.3 63.8 63.6 63.5 63.0 63.3 63.2 Employed................................ 35,625 35,802 35,576 35,718 36,179 35,868 35,829 35,998 35,765 Employment-population ratio........... 60.1 59.8 59.6 60.3 60.2 60.0 59.9 60.1 59.9 Unemployed.............................. 2,287 2,182 2,202 2,068 2,061 2,090 1,832 1,900 1,984 Unemployment rate..................... 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.5 5.4 5.5 4.9 5.0 5.3 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force...................... 34,103 34,357 34,475 34,060 33,727 33,932 33,810 34,026 34,354 Participation rate.................... 73.5 72.8 73.0 73.4 72.4 72.2 72.5 72.1 72.8 Employed................................ 32,399 32,792 32,794 32,427 32,114 32,400 32,276 32,536 32,726 Employment-population ratio........... 69.8 69.5 69.5 69.9 68.9 69.0 69.2 68.9 69.3 Unemployed.............................. 1,703 1,565 1,681 1,633 1,613 1,532 1,535 1,489 1,628 Unemployment rate..................... 5.0 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.7 Bachelor's degree and higher (2) Civilian labor force...................... 39,603 40,148 40,535 39,467 40,536 40,515 40,450 39,917 40,371 Participation rate.................... 78.7 78.2 78.2 78.5 78.7 79.0 78.4 77.7 77.9 Employed................................ 38,443 38,984 39,414 38,256 39,292 39,291 39,277 38,748 39,197 Employment-population ratio........... 76.4 75.9 76.1 76.1 76.3 76.6 76.1 75.5 75.6 Unemployed.............................. 1,160 1,165 1,120 1,211 1,244 1,224 1,173 1,169 1,174 Unemployment rate..................... 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 1 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries....... 2,108 1,956 2,025 2,235 2,418 2,245 2,163 2,190 2,161 Wage and salary workers................ 1,149 1,067 1,125 1,259 1,440 1,294 1,220 1,246 1,234 Self-employed workers.................. 928 872 880 936 953 919 929 912 896 Unpaid family workers.................. 30 17 20 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Nonagricultural industries............... 134,676 135,428 135,666 135,054 136,172 136,180 136,306 136,166 136,122 Wage and salary workers................ 125,588 126,122 126,595 125,783 126,466 126,661 126,664 126,572 126,811 Government........................... 19,573 19,791 20,137 19,390 19,609 19,694 19,681 19,497 19,936 Private industries................... 106,015 106,331 106,458 106,383 106,876 107,110 107,019 107,008 106,833 Private households................. 676 791 767 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other industries................... 105,339 105,540 105,691 105,690 106,129 106,382 106,204 106,173 106,035 Self-employed workers.................. 8,985 9,196 8,955 9,201 9,541 9,477 9,501 9,498 9,210 Unpaid family workers.................. 102 111 116 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2) All industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,784 4,764 4,868 4,662 4,880 4,788 4,714 4,437 4,733 Slack work or business conditions.... 3,263 3,098 3,163 3,100 3,226 3,205 2,996 2,865 3,011 Could only find part-time work....... 1,203 1,429 1,430 1,213 1,350 1,295 1,380 1,347 1,427 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,555 19,653 19,616 18,928 19,110 18,561 18,905 18,900 19,006 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,672 4,655 4,750 4,550 4,782 4,727 4,613 4,328 4,622 Slack work or business conditions.... 3,199 3,032 3,081 3,028 3,153 3,144 2,911 2,778 2,927 Could only find part-time work....... 1,200 1,421 1,423 1,193 1,353 1,279 1,399 1,340 1,414 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,158 19,327 19,276 18,580 18,752 18,367 18,636 18,691 18,693 1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 136,783 137,384 137,691 137,300 138,533 138,479 138,566 138,301 138,298 16 to 19 years.................................. 5,512 5,475 5,402 5,868 5,972 5,859 5,977 5,875 5,797 16 to 17 years................................ 2,053 2,079 1,944 2,298 2,361 2,292 2,367 2,330 2,191 18 to 19 years................................ 3,459 3,395 3,459 3,588 3,592 3,562 3,605 3,573 3,590 20 years and over............................... 131,272 131,909 132,289 131,432 132,561 132,620 132,589 132,426 132,501 20 to 24 years................................ 13,197 13,366 13,350 13,456 13,371 13,413 13,609 13,582 13,602 25 years and over............................. 118,075 118,543 118,939 117,949 119,106 119,168 118,930 118,869 118,832 25 to 54 years.............................. 97,030 96,644 96,855 97,019 97,422 97,436 97,161 96,982 96,871 25 to 34 years............................ 30,314 29,972 30,163 30,416 30,389 30,340 30,326 30,178 30,260 35 to 44 years............................ 34,952 34,403 34,460 34,910 34,909 34,819 34,506 34,486 34,425 45 to 54 years............................ 31,764 32,269 32,232 31,693 32,125 32,277 32,328 32,319 32,186 55 years and over........................... 21,044 21,899 22,084 20,930 21,683 21,732 21,769 21,886 21,961 Men, 16 years and over............................ 72,304 73,003 73,244 73,015 73,915 74,085 74,343 73,901 74,006 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,625 2,685 2,658 2,801 2,951 2,986 3,014 2,931 2,878 16 to 17 years................................ 944 957 871 1,068 1,189 1,153 1,157 1,105 999 18 to 19 years................................ 1,681 1,728 1,787 1,749 1,779 1,817 1,862 1,850 1,858 20 years and over............................... 69,679 70,318 70,586 70,213 70,964 71,099 71,329 70,969 71,128 20 to 24 years................................ 6,970 7,007 7,027 7,165 7,050 7,048 7,198 7,155 7,202 25 years and over............................. 62,709 63,311 63,559 63,033 63,876 64,061 64,167 63,903 63,879 25 to 54 years.............................. 51,548 51,681 51,795 51,856 52,293 52,441 52,416 52,179 52,107 25 to 34 years............................ 16,474 16,382 16,522 16,650 16,747 16,740 16,773 16,608 16,693 35 to 44 years............................ 18,627 18,529 18,529 18,723 18,844 18,857 18,712 18,683 18,632 45 to 54 years............................ 16,447 16,770 16,743 16,483 16,702 16,843 16,931 16,889 16,781 55 years and over........................... 11,161 11,630 11,764 11,176 11,583 11,620 11,751 11,724 11,772 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 64,479 64,381 64,447 64,285 64,618 64,394 64,223 64,400 64,292 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,887 2,790 2,744 3,066 3,021 2,873 2,963 2,944 2,919 16 to 17 years................................ 1,109 1,122 1,073 1,231 1,172 1,139 1,210 1,225 1,192 18 to 19 years................................ 1,778 1,667 1,671 1,839 1,813 1,745 1,743 1,723 1,732 20 years and over............................... 61,592 61,592 61,703 61,219 61,597 61,521 61,260 61,456 61,373 20 to 24 years................................ 6,226 6,360 6,322 6,290 6,321 6,365 6,411 6,427 6,400 25 years and over............................. 55,366 55,232 55,380 54,916 55,230 55,107 54,763 54,966 54,953 25 to 54 years.............................. 45,482 44,963 45,061 45,163 45,130 44,996 44,745 44,803 44,764 25 to 34 years............................ 13,840 13,591 13,641 13,766 13,642 13,599 13,554 13,570 13,566 35 to 44 years............................ 16,325 15,873 15,931 16,188 16,065 15,962 15,794 15,803 15,793 45 to 54 years............................ 15,318 15,499 15,488 15,209 15,423 15,434 15,397 15,430 15,405 55 years and over........................... 9,884 10,269 10,320 9,753 10,100 10,112 10,018 10,162 10,189 Married men, spouse present....................... 44,146 44,843 44,793 44,381 45,152 45,431 45,490 45,128 45,043 Married women, spouse present..................... 34,891 34,681 34,533 34,527 35,076 35,034 34,585 34,502 34,256 Women who maintain families....................... 8,511 8,666 8,768 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Full-time workers (2)............................. 111,936 112,692 112,756 113,091 114,024 114,597 113,976 114,037 113,951 Part-time workers (3)............................. 24,847 24,692 24,935 24,144 24,569 24,023 24,306 24,081 24,273 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1) (in thousands) Characteristic Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 8,519 8,170 8,352 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 16 to 19 years.................................. 1,252 1,170 1,148 17.6 15.7 16.1 16.7 16.6 16.5 16 to 17 years................................ 476 497 529 17.2 17.5 18.3 18.2 17.6 19.4 18 to 19 years................................ 758 663 608 17.4 14.7 14.7 15.7 15.7 14.5 20 years and over............................... 7,266 7,000 7,204 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.2 20 to 24 years................................ 1,335 1,421 1,437 9.0 10.4 9.6 9.8 9.5 9.6 25 years and over............................. 5,909 5,595 5,758 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 5,097 4,732 4,953 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.9 25 to 34 years............................ 1,876 1,802 1,895 5.8 6.2 6.0 5.7 5.6 5.9 35 to 44 years............................ 1,762 1,631 1,712 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.7 45 to 54 years............................ 1,459 1,299 1,346 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0 55 years and over........................... 857 859 859 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,716 4,436 4,536 6.1 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 16 to 19 years.................................. 720 609 646 20.5 18.3 17.4 17.5 17.2 18.3 16 to 17 years................................ 243 266 287 18.5 18.3 18.4 19.3 19.4 22.3 18 to 19 years................................ 457 344 349 20.7 18.1 16.9 16.2 15.7 15.8 20 years and over............................... 3,995 3,828 3,890 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2 20 to 24 years................................ 703 794 809 8.9 11.2 10.4 10.5 10.0 10.1 25 years and over............................. 3,287 3,045 3,100 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,782 2,598 2,632 5.1 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.8 25 to 34 years............................ 1,017 1,060 1,048 5.8 6.3 5.9 5.6 6.0 5.9 35 to 44 years............................ 963 880 904 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.6 45 to 54 years............................ 803 658 680 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.9 55 years and over........................... 505 448 468 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.8 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 3,803 3,734 3,816 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 16 to 19 years.................................. 532 561 502 14.8 13.0 14.7 15.9 16.0 14.7 16 to 17 years................................ 233 231 242 15.9 16.6 18.2 17.1 15.9 16.9 18 to 19 years................................ 301 319 259 14.1 11.1 12.2 15.2 15.6 13.0 20 years and over............................... 3,271 3,172 3,314 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.1 20 to 24 years................................ 632 627 628 9.1 9.6 8.8 8.9 8.9 8.9 25 years and over............................. 2,622 2,550 2,658 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,315 2,134 2,321 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.9 25 to 34 years............................ 860 742 847 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.9 5.2 5.9 35 to 44 years............................ 799 751 808 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.9 45 to 54 years............................ 657 641 666 4.1 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 55 years and over (2)....................... 339 415 372 3.3 3.5 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.5 Married men, spouse present....................... 1,743 1,579 1,509 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 Married women, spouse present..................... 1,328 1,290 1,311 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.7 Women who maintain families (2)................... 782 766 800 8.4 8.3 8.4 8.3 8.1 8.4 Full-time workers (3)............................. 7,123 6,816 6,961 5.9 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.8 Part-time workers (4)............................. 1,398 1,308 1,376 5.5 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.4 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 5,150 4,888 4,920 4,774 4,719 4,618 4,382 4,323 4,607 On temporary layoff............................. 1,402 1,450 1,266 1,151 1,055 1,060 1,028 1,064 1,040 Not on temporary layoff......................... 3,749 3,438 3,654 3,623 3,664 3,558 3,353 3,258 3,567 Permanent job losers.......................... 2,837 2,629 2,784 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 912 809 870 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 828 841 866 802 931 783 804 827 836 Reentrants........................................ 2,478 2,491 2,491 2,410 2,440 2,366 2,509 2,424 2,424 New entrants...................................... 561 550 556 620 619 694 681 676 627 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 57.1 55.7 55.7 55.5 54.2 54.6 52.3 52.4 54.2 On temporary layoff............................ 15.5 16.5 14.3 13.4 12.1 12.5 12.3 12.9 12.2 Not on temporary layoff........................ 41.6 39.2 41.4 42.1 42.1 42.0 40.0 39.5 42.0 Job leavers...................................... 9.2 9.6 9.8 9.3 10.7 9.3 9.6 10.0 9.8 Reentrants....................................... 27.5 28.4 28.2 28.0 28.0 28.0 30.0 29.4 28.5 New entrants..................................... 6.2 6.3 6.3 7.2 7.1 8.2 8.1 8.2 7.4 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 Reentrants....................................... 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 New entrants..................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .4 1 Data not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................. 2,595 2,318 2,413 2,788 2,622 2,627 2,612 2,468 2,589 5 to 14 weeks..................................... 2,825 2,912 2,666 2,531 2,556 2,450 2,394 2,412 2,414 15 weeks and over................................. 3,598 3,540 3,754 3,168 3,484 3,403 3,365 3,274 3,320 15 to 26 weeks................................. 1,703 1,605 1,683 1,340 1,448 1,513 1,467 1,403 1,332 27 weeks and over.............................. 1,896 1,935 2,071 1,829 2,036 1,890 1,898 1,871 1,988 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................. 18.9 20.3 20.8 18.1 20.0 19.6 19.8 20.3 20.1 Median duration, in weeks......................... 11.2 10.9 11.8 9.7 10.4 10.4 10.7 10.3 10.3 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks............................... 28.8 26.4 27.3 32.8 30.3 31.0 31.2 30.3 31.1 5 to 14 weeks................................... 31.3 33.2 30.2 29.8 29.5 28.9 28.6 29.6 29.0 15 weeks and over............................... 39.9 40.4 42.5 37.3 40.2 40.1 40.2 40.2 39.9 15 to 26 weeks................................ 18.9 18.3 19.1 15.8 16.7 17.8 17.5 17.2 16.0 27 weeks and over............................. 21.0 22.1 23.4 21.5 23.5 22.3 22.7 22.9 23.9 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. 2003 2004 2003 2004 2003 2004 Total, 16 years and over (1)................................ 136,783 137,691 9,018 8,834 6.2 6.0 Management, professional, and related occupations................ 48,383 48,810 1,458 1,340 2.9 2.7 Management, business, and financial operations occupations..... 20,263 20,228 643 550 3.1 2.6 Professional and related occupations........................... 28,120 28,582 815 791 2.8 2.7 Service occupations.............................................. 21,719 22,102 1,850 1,770 7.9 7.4 Sales and office occupations..................................... 35,397 35,018 2,000 2,215 5.3 5.9 Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,811 15,711 961 1,034 5.7 6.2 Office and administrative support occupations.................. 19,586 19,307 1,039 1,181 5.0 5.8 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations..... 13,419 13,908 1,441 1,469 9.7 9.6 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 959 858 155 187 13.9 17.9 Construction and extraction occupations........................ 7,472 7,979 988 1,003 11.7 11.2 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.............. 4,988 5,071 298 279 5.6 5.2 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations...... 17,865 17,853 1,675 1,464 8.6 7.6 Production occupations......................................... 9,556 9,484 852 750 8.2 7.3 Transportation and material moving occupations................. 8,310 8,369 824 714 9.0 7.9 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment persons rates Industry (in thousands) Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. 2003 2004 2003 2004 Total, 16 years and over (1)............... 9,018 8,834 6.2 6.0 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers... 7,490 7,334 6.6 6.4 Mining.......................................... 46 22 8.2 4.4 Construction.................................... 987 1,011 11.8 11.3 Manufacturing................................... 1,222 1,083 6.8 6.3 Durable goods................................. 743 676 6.7 6.4 Nondurable goods.............................. 479 408 7.0 6.1 Wholesale and retail trade...................... 1,179 1,386 5.9 6.8 Transportation and utilities.................... 319 284 5.9 5.4 Information..................................... 267 216 7.4 6.3 Financial activities............................ 357 343 4.0 3.7 Professional and business services.............. 1,190 999 9.1 7.9 Education and health services................... 518 584 2.9 3.2 Leisure and hospitality......................... 1,035 1,039 8.9 9.0 Other services.................................. 370 366 6.1 5.9 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers........................................ 161 153 12.9 12.7 Government workers................................ 526 530 2.6 2.6 Self employed and unpaid family workers........... 279 260 2.7 2.5 1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................. 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.................... 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)....................... 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers..... 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.0 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.................................................. 7.2 7.1 7.1 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers......................................... 10.4 10.3 10.4 10.0 10.1 9.9 9.9 9.6 9.9 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. 2003 2004 2003 2004 2003 2004 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 74,516 76,025 28,473 28,998 46,043 47,028 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,763 4,667 2,224 2,145 2,539 2,522 Searched for work and available to work now (1)................ 1,577 1,643 831 879 745 764 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects (2)................... 474 514 313 336 160 177 Reasons other than discouragement (3)................ 1,103 1,130 518 543 585 587 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders (4)..................................... 7,385 7,377 3,771 3,702 3,613 3,675 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.7 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 3,954 3,921 2,214 2,182 1,740 1,739 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,691 1,710 523 560 1,168 1,151 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 321 318 207 195 114 123 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,379 1,399 798 751 581 648 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. from: 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004p 2004p Feb. 2004- Mar. 2004p Total nonfarm......... 129,148 128,190 128,794 129,801 129,921 130,027 130,035 130,194 130,240 130,548 308 Total private........... 107,131 106,767 106,968 107,816 108,305 108,483 108,491 108,667 108,698 108,975 277 Goods-producing............. 21,529 21,168 21,126 21,335 21,949 21,686 21,668 21,696 21,672 21,750 78 Natural resources and mining.... 556 556 556 563 571 571 570 570 571 578 7 Logging...................... 64.2 62.9 62.1 62.0 69.2 67.6 65.9 65.1 64.2 66.7 2.5 Mining......................... 491.5 492.9 494.0 501.2 501.6 503.4 504.3 505.1 506.5 510.8 4.3 Oil and gas extraction........ 119.8 126.8 128.5 128.4 121.2 123.9 124.6 126.9 128.4 129.2 .8 Mining, except oil and gas(1). 196.4 191.7 191.1 196.3 201.9 202.4 202.0 200.0 199.8 201.8 2.0 Coal mining.................. 70.5 69.2 69.4 70.0 70.7 69.5 69.8 69.6 69.9 70.2 .3 Support activities for mining. 175.3 174.4 174.4 176.5 178.5 177.1 177.7 178.2 178.3 179.8 1.5 Construction.................... 6,319 6,399 6,356 6,516 6,661 6,771 6,774 6,812 6,791 6,862 71 Construction of buildings..... 1,510.6 1,535.2 1,524.0 1,550.5 1,571.4 1,583.9 1,585.1 1,593.3 1,591.4 1,610.0 18.6 Heavy and civil engineering construction................. 811.6 816.6 806.8 840.4 898.1 918.8 920.7 928.0 923.9 925.9 2.0 Specialty trade contractors... 3,997.0 4,046.9 4,025.0 4,124.7 4,191.3 4,268.6 4,268.4 4,290.2 4,276.0 4,325.9 49.9 Manufacturing................... 14,654 14,213 14,214 14,256 14,717 14,344 14,324 14,314 14,310 14,310 0 Production workers........... 10,303 9,952 9,953 9,991 10,346 10,048 10,044 10,035 10,027 10,024 -3 Durable goods.................. 9,066 8,818 8,835 8,864 9,092 8,874 8,868 8,869 8,877 8,882 5 Production workers........... 6,232 6,040 6,049 6,074 6,244 6,089 6,079 6,081 6,081 6,080 -1 Wood products................. 528.5 526.0 528.9 529.9 537.4 536.3 536.6 536.3 538.5 538.5 .0 Nonmetallic mineral products.. 485.9 475.7 471.0 480.5 497.1 489.7 487.5 492.7 488.6 490.0 1.4 Primary metals................ 488.8 462.2 460.8 461.0 489.3 464.1 464.6 462.2 461.5 460.7 -.8 Fabricated metal products..... 1,492.0 1,469.2 1,473.3 1,475.6 1,494.5 1,468.1 1,471.2 1,471.8 1,475.9 1,476.7 .8 Machinery..................... 1,171.1 1,137.3 1,140.3 1,143.8 1,169.3 1,142.5 1,140.4 1,138.7 1,139.5 1,141.6 2.1 Computer and electronic products(1).................. 1,387.0 1,331.2 1,331.6 1,333.9 1,388.6 1,334.4 1,332.2 1,333.2 1,332.9 1,334.2 1.3 Computer and peripheral equipment................... 231.4 218.2 218.2 219.0 231.3 219.1 217.8 219.4 219.1 218.9 -.2 Communications equipment..... 160.2 154.8 155.2 154.7 160.6 154.4 153.0 154.8 155.0 155.0 .0 Semiconductors and electronic components.................. 472.0 449.3 450.9 451.5 472.2 451.2 451.3 450.2 451.1 451.2 .1 Electronic instruments....... 434.2 424.4 422.0 423.3 434.9 425.2 425.3 423.7 422.1 423.5 1.4 Electrical equipment and appliances................... 469.6 449.0 448.6 448.3 469.3 450.9 451.2 449.8 448.9 447.0 -1.9 Transportation equipment...... 1,792.1 1,753.4 1,762.4 1,765.7 1,793.6 1,766.5 1,762.7 1,760.6 1,765.8 1,765.2 -.6 Furniture and related products 580.6 567.0 567.8 573.6 581.9 568.9 569.3 571.3 572.1 575.5 3.4 Miscellaneous manufacturing... 670.1 646.9 650.3 652.0 670.9 652.7 651.9 652.0 653.3 652.4 -.9 Nondurable goods............... 5,588 5,395 5,379 5,392 5,625 5,470 5,456 5,445 5,433 5,428 -5 Production workers........... 4,071 3,912 3,904 3,917 4,102 3,959 3,965 3,954 3,946 3,944 -2 Food manufacturing............ 1,493.2 1,480.1 1,472.1 1,470.9 1,517.3 1,508.3 1,506.3 1,500.7 1,499.6 1,498.4 -1.2 Beverages and tobacco products 197.5 193.5 190.2 190.5 202.2 198.3 198.3 197.7 195.9 195.6 -.3 Textile mills................. 274.6 237.5 235.1 238.0 274.2 245.1 241.0 239.2 237.1 237.2 .1 Textile product mills......... 186.3 174.3 173.4 177.7 187.2 175.2 174.3 176.9 175.7 177.2 1.5 Apparel....................... 326.9 289.9 293.5 293.6 326.8 297.7 297.7 296.1 296.4 292.8 -3.6 Leather and allied products... 46.7 43.8 44.3 46.1 46.8 44.1 44.3 44.6 45.0 45.7 .7 Paper and paper products...... 522.1 508.4 505.2 504.9 525.0 511.7 510.3 509.8 507.8 507.7 -.1 Printing and related support activities................... 684.6 665.2 661.1 659.8 685.7 673.1 670.1 667.6 664.3 660.7 -3.6 Petroleum and coal products... 114.4 110.7 109.5 110.9 116.8 112.0 112.4 114.3 113.0 113.0 .0 Chemicals..................... 916.1 890.3 893.6 895.6 916.2 897.6 895.9 893.7 894.6 894.8 .2 Plastics and rubber products.. 825.6 801.2 801.4 803.8 826.9 806.5 805.8 804.8 803.5 804.5 1.0 Service-providing........... 107,619 107,022 107,668 108,466 107,972 108,341 108,367 108,498 108,568 108,798 230 Private service-providing.. 85,602 85,599 85,842 86,481 86,356 86,797 86,823 86,971 87,026 87,225 199 Trade, transportation, and utilities...................... 24,994 25,132 24,951 25,084 25,328 25,261 25,211 25,312 25,325 25,398 73 Wholesale trade................ 5,598.2 5,568.8 5,568.9 5,596.0 5,628.3 5,592.7 5,598.4 5,611.4 5,610.1 5,621.0 10.9 Durable goods................. 2,948.5 2,940.0 2,937.3 2,950.3 2,961.2 2,943.9 2,945.8 2,954.9 2,952.7 2,961.1 8.4 Nondurable goods.............. 1,997.6 1,970.0 1,971.3 1,980.9 2,013.0 1,989.2 1,991.8 1,993.7 1,993.6 1,993.4 -.2 Electronic markets and agents and brokers.................. 652.1 658.8 660.3 664.8 654.1 659.6 660.8 662.8 663.8 666.5 2.7 Retail trade...................14,648.1 14,842.1 14,672.4 14,754.0 14,911.6 14,921.7 14,876.0 14,944.8 14,960.9 15,008.0 47.1 Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)................... 1,861.1 1,870.2 1,877.7 1,894.4 1,874.3 1,892.9 1,893.7 1,895.4 1,900.7 1,907.5 6.8 Automobile dealers........... 1,246.4 1,251.7 1,257.0 1,263.7 1,249.4 1,258.9 1,259.5 1,261.3 1,264.3 1,267.3 3.0 Furniture and home furnishings stores....................... 540.2 548.0 540.5 542.2 543.5 544.8 547.2 546.4 544.7 545.6 .9 Electronics and appliance stores....................... 510.9 517.5 508.0 507.8 513.2 512.8 511.9 509.3 507.4 509.4 2.0 Building material and garden supply stores................ 1,143.2 1,167.6 1,164.8 1,200.4 1,173.7 1,210.0 1,209.5 1,221.4 1,226.8 1,231.9 5.1 Food and beverage stores...... 2,818.0 2,813.6 2,804.8 2,814.5 2,854.0 2,821.4 2,813.9 2,826.3 2,833.1 2,845.9 12.8 Health and personal care stores....................... 930.8 956.2 950.9 949.9 937.3 951.6 952.6 954.1 954.9 956.4 1.5 Gasoline stations............. 871.3 868.2 860.5 861.6 881.7 875.2 871.1 875.1 872.1 871.7 -.4 Clothing and clothing accessories stores........... 1,260.7 1,312.2 1,274.3 1,281.5 1,296.8 1,297.1 1,301.0 1,304.3 1,310.7 1,316.5 5.8 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores............. 634.9 644.4 623.2 617.3 651.2 641.3 633.2 635.9 635.3 632.7 -2.6 General merchandise stores(1). 2,733.7 2,804.2 2,728.9 2,752.5 2,815.8 2,826.4 2,793.4 2,822.7 2,823.2 2,834.0 10.8 Department stores............ 1,575.4 1,604.8 1,544.7 1,555.8 1,628.8 1,612.6 1,601.3 1,603.4 1,600.7 1,608.0 7.3 Miscellaneous store retailers. 918.2 915.2 915.6 910.9 939.2 930.9 924.4 929.6 926.6 930.4 3.8 Nonstore retailers............ 425.1 424.8 423.2 421.0 430.9 417.3 424.1 424.3 425.4 426.0 .6 Transportation and warehousing. 4,165.8 4,143.3 4,132.8 4,154.4 4,204.3 4,168.0 4,157.0 4,175.9 4,174.6 4,187.8 13.2 Air transportation............ 545.2 505.9 506.9 511.9 550.5 511.5 512.9 510.2 511.8 514.4 2.6 Rail transportation........... 213.2 214.0 213.8 214.5 214.7 215.5 215.5 215.4 215.7 215.9 .2 Water transportation.......... 52.0 48.8 46.5 47.6 53.4 50.9 50.0 50.6 48.8 49.0 .2 Truck transportation.......... 1,303.5 1,315.4 1,312.0 1,318.2 1,329.0 1,335.7 1,338.7 1,343.6 1,342.3 1,342.9 .6 Transit and ground passenger transportation............... 390.9 389.8 389.7 392.5 376.4 385.7 385.0 382.3 380.4 379.1 -1.3 Pipeline transportation....... 40.8 38.3 37.9 37.7 41.0 38.7 38.8 38.3 38.1 37.9 -.2 Scenic and sightseeing transportation............... 21.5 23.7 24.3 25.6 26.5 28.7 29.4 28.7 30.8 31.7 .9 Support activities for transportation............... 513.8 509.3 511.6 512.5 518.5 512.4 511.6 514.1 514.4 516.8 2.4 Couriers and messengers....... 565.5 572.1 565.2 565.2 570.8 564.7 559.0 566.9 567.6 568.3 .7 Warehousing and storage....... 519.4 526.0 524.9 528.7 523.5 524.2 516.1 525.8 524.7 531.8 7.1 Utilities...................... 581.4 578.2 576.9 579.7 583.4 578.9 579.3 580.2 579.8 581.4 1.6 Information..................... 3,214 3,151 3,155 3,158 3,221 3,172 3,175 3,163 3,168 3,167 -1 Publishing industries, except Internet..................... 935.0 912.1 912.9 914.1 935.9 918.4 917.4 914.0 914.8 915.5 .7 Motion picture and sound recording industries......... 367.0 377.2 377.6 376.0 371.3 382.7 385.2 379.7 382.8 381.1 -1.7 Broadcasting, except Internet. 326.3 328.4 330.7 332.8 327.0 327.0 329.5 329.7 331.8 333.1 1.3 Internet publishing and broadcasting................. 30.0 30.4 31.7 31.8 30.1 30.4 30.4 30.8 31.8 31.8 .0 Telecommunications............ 1,097.0 1,059.0 1,055.3 1,053.1 1,098.6 1,062.2 1,061.2 1,061.3 1,057.4 1,055.4 -2.0 ISPs, search portals, and data processing................... 410.3 396.8 400.1 402.5 409.6 402.6 402.6 400.1 402.1 402.6 .5 Other information services.... 48.3 47.3 47.1 47.9 48.1 48.2 48.2 47.8 47.5 47.9 .4 Financial activities............ 7,910 7,926 7,938 7,956 7,945 7,985 7,981 7,981 7,989 7,995 6 Finance and insurance.......... 5,895.4 5,899.8 5,910.9 5,921.6 5,902.9 5,922.7 5,916.5 5,917.1 5,925.2 5,931.8 6.6 Monetary authorities - central bank......................... 22.8 22.4 22.3 22.3 22.9 22.5 22.5 22.4 22.4 22.4 .0 Credit intermediation and related activities(1)........ 2,758.3 2,777.4 2,778.5 2,790.4 2,763.5 2,790.3 2,783.3 2,785.3 2,788.7 2,799.2 10.5 Depository credit intermediation(1)........... 1,741.4 1,758.2 1,758.5 1,759.6 1,745.0 1,758.1 1,757.1 1,758.7 1,763.4 1,763.6 .2 Commercial banking.......... 1,275.5 1,279.5 1,278.6 1,278.8 1,279.1 1,280.5 1,278.9 1,280.4 1,282.5 1,282.7 .2 Securities, commodity contracts, investments....... 761.0 771.9 776.6 777.4 764.6 769.1 771.9 773.8 778.0 780.1 2.1 Insurance carriers and related activities................... 2,270.0 2,248.8 2,253.7 2,251.7 2,268.5 2,261.2 2,258.1 2,255.8 2,256.4 2,250.4 -6.0 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles........... 83.3 79.3 79.8 79.8 83.4 79.6 80.7 79.8 79.7 79.7 .0 Real estate and rental and leasing....................... 2,014.2 2,025.8 2,027.2 2,034.5 2,041.7 2,062.7 2,064.0 2,063.6 2,064.1 2,063.0 -1.1 Real estate................... 1,360.7 1,372.2 1,376.9 1,384.3 1,376.8 1,394.5 1,395.7 1,397.7 1,399.3 1,400.3 1.0 Rental and leasing services... 627.1 624.4 620.3 620.6 637.9 639.0 638.3 636.0 634.4 632.3 -2.1 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets............ 26.4 29.2 30.0 29.6 27.0 29.2 30.0 29.9 30.4 30.4 .0 Professional and business services....................... 15,700 15,802 15,897 16,039 15,871 16,114 16,159 16,172 16,185 16,227 42 Professional and technical services(1)................... 6,697.1 6,680.5 6,732.7 6,757.1 6,626.1 6,647.9 6,669.3 6,657.9 6,662.0 6,689.2 27.2 Legal services............... 1,130.9 1,131.0 1,132.4 1,131.6 1,136.1 1,142.9 1,140.5 1,138.7 1,138.6 1,137.4 -1.2 Accounting and bookkeeping services.................... 935.2 900.4 944.1 928.2 827.7 810.6 826.6 815.2 812.6 819.0 6.4 Architectural and engineering services.................... 1,212.1 1,216.2 1,215.6 1,226.9 1,228.7 1,233.9 1,235.2 1,236.0 1,238.8 1,244.0 5.2 Computer systems design and related services............ 1,112.9 1,103.4 1,102.4 1,109.0 1,110.3 1,105.7 1,105.7 1,104.6 1,104.0 1,108.9 4.9 Management and technical consulting services......... 739.1 754.8 761.9 770.3 742.8 760.6 764.0 765.4 769.0 774.5 5.5 Management of companies and enterprises................... 1,667.9 1,661.3 1,658.6 1,659.9 1,679.2 1,671.6 1,670.2 1,675.1 1,672.6 1,670.3 -2.3 Administrative and waste services...................... 7,335.4 7,460.6 7,505.7 7,622.0 7,565.8 7,794.5 7,819.2 7,838.5 7,850.7 7,867.2 16.5 Administrative and support services(1).................. 7,022.1 7,147.6 7,191.0 7,304.9 7,246.3 7,473.7 7,496.3 7,517.5 7,528.3 7,544.2 15.9 Employment services(1)....... 3,114.7 3,258.1 3,311.0 3,363.6 3,240.2 3,427.6 3,461.3 3,473.8 3,496.1 3,496.6 .5 Temporary help services..... 2,069.1 2,185.7 2,231.2 2,269.4 2,163.7 2,319.4 2,355.3 2,344.3 2,372.9 2,371.1 -1.8 Business support services.... 749.5 732.0 738.0 745.9 745.7 746.7 745.1 739.0 738.8 742.7 3.9 Services to buildings and dwellings................... 1,513.9 1,502.3 1,491.2 1,540.7 1,607.0 1,639.4 1,635.9 1,637.1 1,631.5 1,639.6 8.1 Waste management and remediation services......... 313.3 313.0 314.7 317.1 319.5 320.8 322.9 321.0 322.4 323.0 .6 Education and health services... 16,632 16,635 16,865 16,948 16,488 16,705 16,731 16,746 16,767 16,806 39 Educational services........... 2,817.1 2,653.3 2,863.6 2,879.9 2,672.1 2,723.1 2,728.0 2,729.3 2,731.7 2,735.5 3.8 Health care and social assistance....................13,814.7 13,982.0 14,001.7 14,068.2 13,815.9 13,981.5 14,003.2 14,017.1 14,034.9 14,070.4 35.5 Ambulatory health care services(1).................. 4,730.8 4,824.6 4,834.4 4,856.7 4,739.2 4,818.7 4,831.0 4,840.3 4,853.8 4,865.4 11.6 Offices of physicians........ 1,987.1 2,028.7 2,028.9 2,038.9 1,990.7 2,023.3 2,030.0 2,032.3 2,033.9 2,042.4 8.5 Outpatient care centers...... 423.4 427.0 430.9 430.5 422.9 426.4 425.0 427.8 430.8 429.6 -1.2 Home health care services.... 711.6 737.2 731.8 739.8 714.0 735.7 739.9 740.2 740.4 742.8 2.4 Hospitals..................... 4,229.4 4,281.6 4,276.9 4,292.3 4,233.4 4,278.1 4,283.9 4,287.8 4,284.6 4,296.2 11.6 Nursing and residential care facilities(1)................ 2,771.5 2,785.1 2,778.8 2,793.6 2,774.7 2,792.8 2,793.0 2,792.1 2,791.2 2,798.6 7.4 Nursing care facilities...... 1,578.9 1,576.9 1,572.2 1,580.0 1,580.4 1,584.1 1,581.7 1,580.3 1,578.8 1,582.8 4.0 Social assistance(1).......... 2,083.0 2,090.7 2,111.6 2,125.6 2,068.6 2,091.9 2,095.3 2,096.9 2,105.3 2,110.2 4.9 Child day care services...... 771.1 770.7 783.9 788.9 756.4 766.3 770.0 766.3 772.1 773.1 1.0 Leisure and hospitality......... 11,769 11,634 11,701 11,925 12,107 12,178 12,192 12,218 12,221 12,249 28 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................... 1,665.2 1,596.3 1,608.9 1,660.5 1,807.8 1,799.4 1,795.2 1,801.4 1,799.5 1,800.7 1.2 Performing arts and spectator sports....................... 358.7 335.4 344.5 349.6 377.0 371.7 368.8 369.4 369.3 367.2 -2.1 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks.............. 109.2 105.2 104.5 108.1 114.8 113.3 113.1 113.4 113.2 113.5 .3 Amusements, gambling, and recreation................... 1,197.3 1,155.7 1,159.9 1,202.8 1,316.0 1,314.4 1,313.3 1,318.6 1,317.0 1,320.0 3.0 Accommodations and food services......................10,103.6 10,037.5 10,091.9 10,264.4 10,299.6 10,378.9 10,396.3 10,416.5 10,421.0 10,448.1 27.1 Accommodations................ 1,725.0 1,659.5 1,671.1 1,692.5 1,786.7 1,751.7 1,763.0 1,752.1 1,749.4 1,749.2 -.2 Food services and drinking places....................... 8,378.6 8,378.0 8,420.8 8,571.9 8,512.9 8,627.2 8,633.3 8,664.4 8,671.6 8,698.9 27.3 Other services.................. 5,383 5,319 5,335 5,371 5,396 5,382 5,374 5,379 5,371 5,383 12 Repair and maintenance........ 1,233.4 1,223.3 1,223.9 1,235.0 1,233.3 1,234.4 1,228.5 1,233.5 1,229.7 1,234.9 5.2 Personal and laundry services. 1,253.7 1,234.5 1,231.6 1,247.2 1,262.2 1,254.1 1,250.2 1,251.2 1,247.7 1,255.7 8.0 Membership associations and organizations................ 2,896.1 2,861.4 2,879.2 2,888.9 2,900.2 2,893.9 2,895.7 2,894.5 2,893.8 2,892.8 -1.0 Government...................... 22,017 21,423 21,826 21,985 21,616 21,544 21,544 21,527 21,542 21,573 31 Federal........................ 2,774 2,694 2,699 2,700 2,789 2,723 2,720 2,715 2,714 2,713 -1 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service...................... 1,961.3 1,901.9 1,909.3 1,912.6 1,972.7 1,924.9 1,928.9 1,921.5 1,922.3 1,923.0 .7 U.S. Postal Service........... 813.1 791.9 789.2 787.0 816.5 798.1 791.4 793.1 792.0 790.2 -1.8 State government............... 5,164 4,925 5,117 5,167 5,024 5,023 5,027 5,007 5,018 5,028 10 State government education.... 2,404.8 2,201.4 2,392.5 2,433.0 2,258.7 2,282.5 2,285.7 2,268.0 2,279.7 2,289.2 9.5 State government, excluding education.................... 2,758.8 2,723.5 2,724.6 2,733.8 2,765.1 2,740.0 2,740.9 2,738.9 2,738.3 2,739.0 .7 Local government............... 14,079 13,804 14,010 14,118 13,803 13,798 13,797 13,805 13,810 13,832 22 Local government education.... 8,055.2 7,798.1 7,995.6 8,081.1 7,696.8 7,684.5 7,687.1 7,692.2 7,698.0 7,713.5 15.5 Local government, excluding education.................... 6,023.6 6,006.2 6,014.5 6,037.1 6,106.2 6,113.1 6,109.7 6,112.7 6,112.3 6,118.8 6.5 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. from: 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004p 2004p Feb. 2004- Mar. 2004p Total private......................... 33.7 33.3 33.8 33.5 33.8 33.8 33.6 33.8 33.8 33.7 -0.1 Goods-producing........................... 39.7 39.8 39.8 40.1 39.9 40.1 39.9 40.2 40.3 40.2 -.1 Natural resources and mining.................. 43.7 43.6 43.4 43.8 44.2 43.9 43.6 44.5 44.0 44.1 .1 Construction.................................. 38.2 37.5 37.2 38.4 38.7 38.5 38.1 38.5 38.5 38.6 .1 Manufacturing................................. 40.3 40.7 40.8 40.8 40.4 40.8 40.6 41.0 41.0 40.9 -.1 Overtime hours............................. 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 .0 Durable goods................................ 40.6 41.3 41.3 41.4 40.6 41.3 41.2 41.5 41.5 41.4 -.1 Overtime hours............................. 4.0 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.1 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 .0 Wood products............................... 39.8 40.1 40.4 40.4 40.1 41.2 41.0 40.9 41.1 40.8 -.3 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 42.0 41.4 41.6 42.6 42.6 42.4 42.3 42.5 42.6 42.9 .3 Primary metals.............................. 42.6 43.3 42.9 43.2 42.5 42.7 42.7 43.1 43.0 43.0 .0 Fabricated metal products................... 40.4 41.2 41.0 41.0 40.5 40.9 40.8 41.2 41.1 41.1 .0 Machinery................................... 40.7 41.7 42.1 41.9 40.5 41.1 41.1 41.8 42.0 41.7 -.3 Computer and electronic products............ 40.4 40.5 41.1 40.8 40.3 40.7 40.4 40.8 41.3 40.7 -.6 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 40.5 41.0 40.8 40.7 40.5 40.8 40.7 41.1 40.9 40.8 -.1 Transportation equipment.................... 41.6 42.8 42.9 43.0 41.5 42.7 42.7 42.8 42.9 42.8 -.1 Furniture and related products.............. 38.2 39.4 39.1 39.7 38.3 39.9 39.7 39.7 39.5 39.8 .3 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 38.5 38.9 38.8 38.8 38.4 38.9 38.5 39.0 38.8 38.7 -.1 Nondurable goods............................. 39.9 39.9 40.0 39.9 40.0 40.1 39.9 40.2 40.3 40.1 -.2 Overtime hours............................. 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 -.1 Food manufacturing.......................... 39.1 39.1 38.8 38.6 39.6 39.2 39.1 39.5 39.4 39.2 -.2 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 38.8 38.6 39.6 39.0 39.4 39.9 39.1 39.6 40.5 39.5 -1.0 Textile mills............................... 39.7 40.1 40.2 40.6 39.4 40.0 39.7 40.0 40.2 40.2 .0 Textile product mills....................... 39.2 39.1 39.5 38.8 39.1 40.0 39.8 39.4 40.0 38.8 -1.2 Apparel..................................... 36.0 35.3 36.0 36.4 35.8 36.2 35.8 35.7 36.1 36.1 .0 Leather and allied products................. 39.9 39.5 39.5 39.9 39.7 39.3 40.3 39.8 39.5 39.6 .1 Paper and paper products.................... 41.6 41.9 41.7 41.7 41.8 41.9 41.8 41.9 42.0 41.9 -.1 Printing and related support activities..... 38.6 38.2 38.4 38.6 38.4 38.4 38.2 38.6 38.6 38.5 -.1 Petroleum and coal products................. 45.9 44.3 44.1 43.0 45.8 45.6 44.2 43.8 44.0 43.1 -.9 Chemicals................................... 42.6 42.7 43.4 43.3 42.7 42.7 42.5 42.9 43.3 43.2 -.1 Plastics and rubber products................ 40.1 40.6 40.6 40.7 40.2 40.7 40.4 40.8 40.8 40.8 .0 Private service-providing................ 32.4 31.9 32.5 32.1 32.4 32.4 32.2 32.4 32.4 32.3 -.1 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.4 32.9 33.5 33.2 33.6 33.6 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.5 -.1 Wholesale trade.............................. 37.8 37.4 38.0 37.6 37.8 38.0 37.8 37.9 37.9 37.9 .0 Retail trade................................. 30.6 30.2 30.6 30.4 30.9 30.9 30.8 31.0 30.9 30.8 -.1 Transportation and warehousing............... 36.6 36.3 37.0 36.6 36.7 37.0 36.7 36.9 37.2 36.9 -.3 Utilities.................................... 41.1 40.7 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.4 40.8 40.8 41.1 41.5 .4 Information................................... 36.2 36.0 36.6 35.8 36.3 36.3 36.2 36.2 36.4 36.2 -.2 Financial activities.......................... 36.0 35.3 36.1 35.3 35.6 35.5 35.3 35.7 35.6 35.6 .0 Professional and business services............ 34.5 33.6 34.4 33.9 34.3 34.1 33.8 34.1 34.2 34.0 -.2 Education and health services................. 32.3 32.3 32.6 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 .0 Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.7 24.9 25.8 25.4 25.6 25.7 25.6 25.7 25.7 25.7 .0 Other services................................ 31.5 30.9 31.2 30.9 31.6 31.2 31.0 31.1 31.1 31.1 .0 1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2004 2004p 2004p Total private........................... $15.31 $15.56 $15.60 $15.55 $515.95 $518.15 $527.28 $520.93 Seasonally adjusted.................... 15.27 15.49 15.52 15.54 516.13 523.56 524.58 523.70 Goods-producing............................. 16.60 16.94 16.96 17.01 659.02 674.21 675.01 682.10 Natural resources and mining.................... 17.50 18.00 18.05 18.15 764.75 784.80 783.37 794.97 Construction.................................... 18.74 19.01 19.09 19.08 715.87 712.88 710.15 732.67 Manufacturing................................... 15.62 15.98 16.00 16.00 629.49 650.39 652.80 652.80 Durable goods.................................. 16.34 16.66 16.69 16.69 663.40 688.06 689.30 690.97 Wood products................................. 12.52 12.90 12.91 12.91 498.30 517.29 521.56 521.56 Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 15.53 16.03 16.00 16.06 652.26 663.64 665.60 684.16 Primary metals................................ 17.88 18.39 18.35 18.17 761.69 796.29 787.22 784.94 Fabricated metal products..................... 14.97 15.20 15.18 15.24 604.79 626.24 622.38 624.84 Machinery..................................... 16.17 16.53 16.52 16.48 658.12 689.30 695.49 690.51 Computer and electronic products.............. 16.57 16.81 16.94 17.00 669.43 680.81 696.23 693.60 Electrical equipment and appliances........... 14.27 14.50 14.61 14.72 577.94 594.50 596.09 599.10 Transportation equipment...................... 21.07 21.38 21.41 21.35 876.51 915.06 918.49 918.05 Furniture and related products................ 12.92 12.95 12.92 12.98 493.54 510.23 505.17 515.31 Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 13.22 13.68 13.75 13.80 508.97 532.15 533.50 535.44 Nondurable goods............................... 14.51 14.89 14.88 14.90 578.95 594.11 595.20 594.51 Food manufacturing............................ 12.74 12.91 12.88 12.92 498.13 504.78 499.74 498.71 Beverages and tobacco products................ 17.85 18.88 18.54 19.14 692.58 728.77 734.18 746.46 Textile mills................................. 11.92 12.11 12.14 12.11 473.22 485.61 488.03 491.67 Textile product mills......................... 10.96 11.45 11.40 11.34 429.63 447.70 450.30 439.99 Apparel....................................... 9.44 9.74 9.58 9.59 339.84 343.82 344.88 349.08 Leather and allied products................... 11.59 11.94 11.76 11.66 462.44 471.63 464.52 465.23 Paper and paper products...................... 17.09 17.63 17.55 17.57 710.94 738.70 731.84 732.67 Printing and related support activities....... 15.32 15.53 15.57 15.60 591.35 593.25 597.89 602.16 Petroleum and coal products................... 24.09 24.13 24.32 24.21 1105.73 1068.96 1072.51 1041.03 Chemicals..................................... 18.33 18.83 18.87 18.80 780.86 804.04 818.96 814.04 Plastics and rubber products.................. 14.01 14.43 14.46 14.50 561.80 585.86 587.08 590.15 Private service-providing.................. 14.96 15.19 15.24 15.16 484.70 484.56 495.30 486.64 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.34 14.50 14.58 14.51 478.96 477.05 488.43 481.73 Wholesale trade................................ 17.32 17.56 17.59 17.47 654.70 656.74 668.42 656.87 Retail trade................................... 11.90 11.98 12.04 11.99 364.14 361.80 368.42 364.50 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.19 16.46 16.59 16.52 592.55 597.50 613.83 604.63 Utilities...................................... 24.47 25.38 25.32 25.33 1005.72 1032.97 1043.18 1046.13 Information..................................... 20.78 21.21 21.32 21.16 752.24 763.56 780.31 757.53 Financial activities............................ 16.91 17.34 17.46 17.42 608.76 612.10 630.31 614.93 Professional and business services.............. 17.34 17.38 17.47 17.30 598.23 583.97 600.97 586.47 Education and health services................... 15.54 15.94 15.95 15.93 501.94 514.86 519.97 512.95 Leisure and hospitality......................... 8.75 8.89 8.92 8.88 224.88 221.36 230.14 225.55 Other services.................................. 13.85 13.89 13.89 13.85 436.28 429.20 433.37 427.97 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. change from: 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004p 2004p Feb. 2004- Mar. 2004p Total private: Current dollars........................ $15.27 $15.46 $15.45 $15.49 $15.52 $15.54 0.1 Constant (1982) dollars(2)............. 8.21 8.32 8.30 8.27 8.27 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............................. 16.68 16.94 16.97 17.00 17.06 17.09 .2 Natural resources and mining.................... 17.45 17.79 17.91 17.95 18.02 18.08 .3 Construction.................................... 18.83 19.06 19.04 19.11 19.20 19.19 -.1 Manufacturing................................... 15.63 15.89 15.93 15.94 15.98 16.01 .2 Excluding overtime(4)........................ 14.88 15.06 15.09 15.11 15.13 15.16 .2 Durable goods.................................. 16.35 16.58 16.64 16.63 16.68 16.70 .1 Nondurable goods............................... 14.53 14.79 14.81 14.85 14.88 14.92 .3 Private service-providing.................. 14.88 15.06 15.05 15.08 15.11 15.13 .1 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.28 14.44 14.41 14.45 14.48 14.48 .0 Wholesale trade................................ 17.26 17.47 17.46 17.53 17.53 17.54 .1 Retail trade................................... 11.85 11.97 11.95 11.95 11.97 11.95 -.2 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.20 16.35 16.33 16.46 16.51 16.52 .1 Utilities...................................... 24.45 25.36 25.13 25.32 25.38 25.37 .0 Information..................................... 20.82 21.10 20.99 21.15 21.26 21.23 -.1 Financial activities............................ 16.82 17.30 17.30 17.35 17.32 17.44 .7 Professional and business services.............. 17.17 17.29 17.25 17.24 17.25 17.28 .2 Education and health services................... 15.56 15.77 15.81 15.87 15.91 15.95 .3 Leisure and hospitality......................... 8.74 8.82 8.84 8.85 8.86 8.87 .1 Other services.................................. 13.89 13.81 13.80 13.84 13.85 13.88 .2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .0 percent from Jan. 2004 to Feb. 2004, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. change from: 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004p 2004p Feb. 2004- Mar. 2004p Total private......................... 97.4 95.7 97.3 97.3 98.9 99.0 98.4 99.1 99.1 99.0 -0.1 Goods-producing........................... 93.7 92.1 91.8 93.7 96.6 95.6 95.2 96.0 96.2 96.2 .0 Natural resources and mining.................. 94.5 94.1 93.4 96.4 98.4 97.7 97.1 99.1 97.7 99.8 2.1 Construction.................................. 90.7 89.7 88.1 93.9 98.5 99.0 98.2 99.7 99.6 100.7 1.1 Manufacturing................................. 95.3 93.0 93.2 93.6 95.9 94.1 93.6 94.4 94.4 94.1 -.3 Durable goods................................ 95.1 93.7 93.9 94.5 95.3 94.5 94.1 94.8 94.8 94.6 -.2 Wood products............................... 94.6 94.8 96.3 96.2 96.9 99.7 99.2 98.7 99.7 98.8 -.9 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 91.9 89.1 88.4 92.9 95.8 93.6 93.6 95.5 94.7 95.7 1.1 Primary metals.............................. 96.4 92.6 91.4 92.1 96.3 91.5 91.7 92.1 91.8 91.6 -.2 Fabricated metal products................... 95.8 95.9 95.9 96.0 96.1 95.1 95.0 96.1 96.3 96.3 .0 Machinery................................... 95.6 94.6 96.1 95.9 94.6 94.2 93.5 94.9 95.4 94.8 -.6 Computer and electronic products............ 94.6 89.5 90.3 89.4 94.3 90.8 89.4 90.2 90.8 89.2 -1.8 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 94.5 90.3 89.2 89.5 94.2 90.3 90.0 90.6 89.7 89.3 -.4 Transportation equipment.................... 95.8 96.7 97.4 98.0 95.4 97.0 96.8 97.3 97.5 97.3 -.2 Furniture and related products.............. 92.7 93.1 92.3 94.7 93.2 94.5 94.1 94.4 94.0 95.1 1.2 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 95.5 91.3 91.6 92.0 95.3 92.7 91.6 92.4 92.1 91.7 -.4 Nondurable goods............................. 95.7 91.9 92.0 92.0 96.6 93.5 93.2 93.6 93.7 93.1 -.6 Food manufacturing.......................... 96.2 95.3 94.0 93.6 99.3 96.5 97.1 97.7 97.3 96.9 -.4 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 88.1 84.4 86.7 84.6 92.3 88.1 87.4 88.8 90.8 88.1 -3.0 Textile mills............................... 92.1 80.1 78.9 80.9 91.3 82.3 80.4 80.3 79.8 79.9 .1 Textile product mills....................... 95.0 90.7 90.8 91.7 95.2 92.6 91.9 92.4 93.0 91.5 -1.6 Apparel..................................... 87.4 74.4 76.8 77.9 86.9 78.9 77.6 77.2 78.1 76.9 -1.5 Leather and allied products................. 97.4 88.8 90.7 95.0 96.9 90.0 92.2 91.4 91.7 93.3 1.7 Paper and paper products.................... 93.9 90.9 89.9 90.1 95.0 91.9 91.5 91.3 91.1 91.2 .1 Printing and related support activities..... 96.8 92.6 92.8 93.0 96.6 94.2 93.6 94.2 93.8 93.0 -.9 Petroleum and coal products................. 101.1 96.3 95.3 95.4 103.2 100.1 97.8 99.0 98.8 97.3 -1.5 Chemicals................................... 100.5 98.1 100.4 100.5 100.4 98.9 98.6 99.0 100.1 100.0 -.1 Plastics and rubber products................ 95.9 93.7 93.8 94.2 96.1 94.7 94.0 94.6 94.6 94.5 -.1 Private service-providing................ 98.4 96.7 98.7 98.3 99.3 99.8 99.1 99.9 100.0 99.8 -.2 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 96.8 95.9 96.8 96.4 98.9 98.6 98.0 98.7 98.7 98.7 .0 Wholesale trade.............................. 97.8 95.7 97.1 96.5 98.4 97.9 97.4 97.7 97.7 97.8 .1 Retail trade................................. 96.0 96.1 96.1 95.9 99.0 99.0 98.3 99.4 99.2 99.2 .0 Transportation and warehousing............... 97.5 96.3 98.0 97.4 98.8 98.8 97.6 98.8 99.6 99.1 -.5 Utilities.................................... 98.0 96.8 97.8 98.3 99.1 98.8 97.2 97.4 98.0 99.2 1.2 Information................................... 97.4 96.4 98.2 96.6 97.4 97.7 97.5 97.1 97.9 97.5 -.4 Financial activities.......................... 102.0 99.8 102.0 100.0 101.3 101.3 100.7 101.7 101.4 101.4 .0 Professional and business services............ 98.0 95.7 98.7 98.3 98.6 99.4 98.7 99.7 100.2 99.8 -.4 Education and health services................. 101.6 101.1 103.4 102.6 100.6 102.0 102.1 102.1 102.1 102.3 .2 Leisure and hospitality....................... 97.0 92.7 96.6 97.0 99.4 100.5 100.2 100.8 100.8 101.0 .2 Other services................................ 97.5 94.0 95.1 94.9 98.2 96.3 95.4 95.8 95.6 95.9 .3 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. change from: 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004p 2004p Feb. 2004- Mar. 2004p Total private......................... 99.7 99.6 101.5 101.2 101.0 102.4 101.7 102.7 102.9 103.0 0.1 Goods-producing........................... 95.3 95.5 95.3 97.6 98.7 99.2 98.9 99.9 100.4 100.7 .3 Natural resources and mining.................. 96.2 98.5 98.1 101.7 99.9 101.1 101.1 103.4 102.4 105.0 2.5 Construction.................................. 91.8 92.1 90.8 96.7 100.1 101.9 100.9 102.9 103.3 104.3 1.0 Manufacturing................................. 97.3 97.2 97.5 97.9 98.1 97.8 97.5 98.4 98.6 98.5 -.1 Durable goods................................ 97.0 97.5 97.8 98.4 97.2 97.8 97.8 98.4 98.7 98.6 -.1 Nondurable goods............................. 98.1 96.7 96.7 96.9 99.2 97.7 97.5 98.2 98.5 98.2 -.3 Private service-providing................ 101.1 100.9 103.4 102.4 101.5 103.2 102.5 103.5 103.8 103.8 .0 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 99.0 99.2 100.7 99.8 100.7 101.5 100.7 101.7 102.0 102.0 .0 Wholesale trade.............................. 99.8 98.9 100.6 99.3 100.0 100.7 100.2 100.9 100.9 101.0 .1 Retail trade................................. 97.9 98.7 99.1 98.6 100.5 101.5 100.7 101.8 101.7 101.6 -.1 Transportation and warehousing............... 100.2 100.6 103.1 102.1 101.5 102.5 101.1 103.2 104.3 103.9 -.4 Utilities.................................... 100.1 102.5 103.3 103.9 101.1 104.6 101.9 102.9 103.8 105.0 1.2 Information................................... 100.2 101.2 103.7 101.2 100.4 102.1 101.3 101.6 103.0 102.5 -.5 Financial activities.......................... 106.6 107.0 110.1 107.7 105.4 108.3 107.7 109.1 108.6 109.3 .6 Professional and business services............ 101.1 99.0 102.6 101.2 100.7 102.2 101.3 102.3 102.8 102.6 -.2 Education and health services................. 103.8 106.0 108.4 107.4 102.9 105.7 106.1 106.5 106.8 107.2 .4 Leisure and hospitality....................... 98.9 96.0 100.5 100.4 101.3 103.4 103.3 104.0 104.1 104.4 .3 Other services................................ 98.4 95.2 96.3 95.7 99.3 96.9 96.0 96.6 96.5 96.9 .4 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2000 .............. 61.9 62.9 63.3 59.5 46.9 61.7 63.1 52.5 51.1 53.4 56.8 53.8 2001 .............. 52.2 47.8 50.4 34.4 41.4 39.2 37.1 38.8 38.3 32.4 36.7 34.9 2002 .............. 40.1 35.1 41.0 41.5 41.7 47.8 44.1 44.1 42.8 39.0 38.7 34.5 2003 .............. 41.2 35.1 38.1 41.4 42.8 40.1 40.5 39.7 49.3 46.0 51.1 49.1 2004 .............. 52.3 p51.4 p61.0 Over 3-month span: 2000 .............. 69.2 66.2 67.8 68.3 60.1 58.1 56.3 61.5 56.5 53.2 52.9 56.8 2001 .............. 52.7 50.4 50.4 43.5 38.8 34.9 36.2 37.9 34.7 35.3 30.8 32.0 2002 .............. 34.0 37.4 35.1 36.2 36.7 39.4 39.9 40.8 38.7 37.1 34.4 34.7 2003 .............. 36.5 32.6 36.3 35.1 40.5 42.6 37.4 35.4 40.1 45.5 50.5 51.1 2004 .............. 54.0 p53.6 p57.9 Over 6-month span: 2000 .............. 67.3 69.1 72.5 72.5 67.4 67.8 66.7 60.8 59.0 55.0 59.7 54.0 2001 .............. 51.8 50.0 51.8 47.3 43.5 41.5 38.1 35.4 32.2 33.1 31.5 31.1 2002 .............. 29.5 30.0 31.1 31.1 31.7 37.1 37.2 39.0 34.7 36.5 35.3 33.3 2003 .............. 33.6 31.1 31.7 31.7 33.5 37.8 36.2 36.5 40.5 39.4 42.6 41.7 2004 .............. 48.9 p54.0 p57.6 Over 12-month span: 2000 .............. 70.9 69.2 73.2 71.0 69.8 71.0 70.0 70.3 70.3 65.6 63.8 62.1 2001 .............. 59.5 59.5 53.4 49.3 48.6 45.0 43.3 43.9 39.9 37.8 37.1 34.9 2002 .............. 33.6 31.7 30.2 30.4 30.2 29.1 32.0 31.3 30.0 29.5 32.9 34.7 2003 .............. 34.5 31.5 32.9 33.5 36.2 34.4 34.7 33.1 37.6 37.4 33.1 35.4 2004 .............. 37.8 p43.5 p45.7 Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2000 .............. 48.2 58.3 50.0 50.0 41.1 57.1 60.7 28.6 25.0 35.1 39.9 41.1 2001 .............. 22.6 22.0 21.4 16.1 15.5 23.2 13.7 14.3 19.0 17.9 14.9 10.1 2002 .............. 21.4 18.5 23.8 35.1 29.8 32.7 40.5 28.0 31.0 11.9 15.5 17.9 2003 .............. 26.2 15.5 22.6 13.7 26.2 25.0 28.0 26.2 27.4 28.6 51.2 45.8 2004 .............. 42.9 p51.8 p48.8 Over 3-month span: 2000 .............. 53.6 53.6 56.0 54.8 44.0 44.0 51.2 47.6 32.7 25.0 23.2 38.7 2001 .............. 35.7 21.4 16.1 14.3 13.1 13.7 11.9 8.9 8.3 13.1 8.9 10.1 2002 .............. 9.5 10.1 11.3 17.9 17.3 19.0 28.0 22.0 23.8 15.5 6.5 4.8 2003 .............. 13.7 13.1 16.7 10.1 13.1 14.9 16.1 16.1 16.1 24.4 27.4 41.7 2004 .............. 48.8 p51.2 p48.2 Over 6-month span: 2000 .............. 44.0 52.4 55.4 57.7 47.6 51.8 56.0 45.2 39.3 34.5 32.1 27.4 2001 .............. 22.0 23.8 22.0 20.8 14.3 13.7 14.3 10.1 10.7 5.4 7.1 4.8 2002 .............. 6.5 8.9 7.7 8.3 7.7 14.3 14.9 10.7 12.5 10.1 8.9 8.9 2003 .............. 11.3 9.5 6.0 7.1 8.9 13.1 8.9 13.1 13.1 16.7 19.0 19.6 2004 .............. 28.6 p37.5 p44.0 Over 12-month span: 2000 .............. 41.7 39.3 47.0 50.0 46.4 52.4 51.8 49.4 46.4 40.5 35.1 33.3 2001 .............. 29.8 32.1 20.8 19.0 13.1 12.5 10.7 11.9 11.9 10.1 8.3 6.0 2002 .............. 7.1 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.1 3.6 4.8 6.0 4.8 7.1 4.8 8.3 2003 .............. 10.7 6.0 6.5 5.4 8.3 9.5 9.5 9.5 10.7 11.9 9.5 11.3 2004 .............. 9.5 p20.2 p17.3 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.