Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 04-818 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, May 7, 2004. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: APRIL 2004 Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 288,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was about unchanged at 5.6 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The April in- crease in payroll employment follows a gain of 337,000 in March, and job growth again was widespread. In April, employment rose substantially in several service-providing industries, construction continued to add jobs, and there was a noteworthy job gain in durable goods manufacturing. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the unemployment rate, 5.6 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, 8.2 million, were essentially unchanged in April. The unemployment rate has been either 5.6 or 5.7 percent since last December. The unemploy- ment rates for the major worker groups--adult men (5.0 percent), adult women (5.0 percent), teenagers (16.9 percent), whites (4.9 percent), blacks (9.7 percent), and Hispanics or Latinos (7.2 percent)--were little changed over the month. The unemployment rate for Asians was 4.4 percent in April, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) The number of persons unemployed for 27 weeks or longer declined by 188,000 to 1.8 million in April. These long-term unemployed persons accounted for 22.1 percent of the total unemployed. (See table A-9.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment was 138.6 million in April, and the employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population age 16 and over with jobs--was about unchanged at 62.2 percent. The civilian labor force held at 146.7 million in April, and the civilian labor force participation rate was 65.9 percent for the third straight month. (See table A-1.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The number of persons who were marginally attached to the labor force was 1.5 million in April, about the same as a year earlier. (Data are not sea- sonally adjusted.) These individuals wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they did not actively search for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. There were 492,000 discouraged workers in April, also about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 1.0 million marginally attached had not searched for work for reasons such as school or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ______________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Mar.- Category | 2003 | 2004 1/| 2004 | Apr. |________|________|__________________________|change | IV | I | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force.....| 146,986| 146,661| 146,471| 146,650| 146,741| 91 Employment.............| 138,369| 138,388| 138,301| 138,298| 138,576| 278 Unemployment...........| 8,616| 8,273| 8,170| 8,352| 8,164| -188 Not in labor force.......| 75,290| 75,695| 75,886| 75,900| 76,016| 116 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers..............| 5.9| 5.6| 5.6| 5.7| 5.6| -0.1 Adult men..............| 5.5| 5.1| 5.1| 5.2| 5.0| -.2 Adult women............| 5.1| 5.0| 4.9| 5.1| 5.0| -.1 Teenagers..............| 16.3| 16.6| 16.6| 16.5| 16.9| .4 White..................| 5.1| 5.0| 4.9| 5.1| 4.9| -.2 Black or African | | | | | | American.............| 10.7| 10.1| 9.8| 10.2| 9.7| -.5 Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | ethnicity............| 7.1| 7.4| 7.4| 7.4| 7.2| -.2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment.......| 130,002|p130,362| 130,277|p130,614|p130,902| p288 Goods-producing 2/.....| 21,676| p21,715| 21,684| p21,766| p21,808| p42 Construction.........| 6,766| p6,820| 6,791| p6,856| p6,874| p18 Manufacturing........| 14,340| p14,322| 14,321| p14,330| p14,351| p21 Service-providing 2/...| 108,326|p108,646| 108,593|p108,848|p109,094| p246 Retail trade.........| 14,915| p14,972| 14,963| p15,009| p15,033| 3/ p23 Professional and | | | | | | business services..| 16,114| p16,206| 16,196| p16,250| p16,373| p123 Education and health | | | | | | services...........| 16,705| p16,772| 16,764| p16,805| p16,836| p31 Leisure and | | | | | | hospitality........| 12,172| p12,237| 12,229| p12,263| p12,299| p36 Government...........| 21,549| p21,544| 21,539| p21,566| p21,574| p8 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 4/ |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 33.7| p33.8| 33.8| p33.7| p33.7| p0.0 Manufacturing..........| 40.6| p41.0| 41.0| p40.9| p40.6| p-.3 Overtime.............| 4.4| p4.6| 4.6| p4.6| p4.5| p-.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 4/ |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 98.7| p99.2| 99.2| p99.2| p99.5| p0.3 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 4/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| $15.45| p$15.52| $15.52| p$15.54| p$15.59| p$0.05 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| 520.55| p523.95| 524.58| p523.70| p525.38| p1.68 _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1 Beginning in January 2004, household data reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 3 Change calculated based on unrounded data. 4 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 288,000 in April to 130.9 million, seasonally adjusted. This followed a gain of 337,000 jobs (as re- vised) in March. Since August 2003, payroll employment has risen by 1.1 mil- lion. Over the month, job growth was widespread, including large gains in several service-providing industries, and smaller gains in both construction and manufacturing. (See table B-1.) In April, employment growth in manufacturing was concentrated in durable goods, which added 20,000 jobs. Most of the gain in durable goods employment occurred in fabricated metal products (10,000) and machinery (4,000). Since January, manufacturing employment has edged up by 37,000 (as revised). Em- ployment in this industry had declined each month from August 2000 through January 2004. Construction employment edged higher in April, after a substantial gain in the prior month. Since March 2003, the industry has added 213,000 jobs, bring- ing construction employment slightly above its most recent peak in March 2001. Employment in a number of service-providing industries grew substantially over the month. Professional and business services employment rose by 123,000 in April. Within this sector, increases occurred in employment ser- vices (60,000), services to buildings and dwellings (30,000), management and technical consulting services (8,000), and architectural and engineering ser- vices (7,000). Within employment services, temporary help services added 35,000 jobs in April and 261,000 over the year. Retail trade employment edged up in April, with gains in building material and garden supply stores, general merchandise stores, and motor vehicle and parts dealers. Over the year, retail trade has added 103,000 jobs, with much of the gain (72,000) occurring in building material and garden supply stores. Wholesale trade employment was little changed in April, but has risen by 49,000 since October. Employment increased by 30,000 in health care and social assistance over the month. Since April 2003, this industry has gained 252,000 jobs. In com- parison, the industry added 381,000 jobs from April 2002 to April 2003. Over the month, employment rose in hospitals and in ambulatory health care services (such as doctors' offices and outpatient care centers). In the leisure and hospitality sector, food services added 34,000 jobs in April. Since December, growth in food services employment has averaged 28,000 per month, about twice the average monthly gain of 2003. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in April, at 33.7 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek declined by 0.3 hour to 40.6 hours. Manufacturing overtime edged down over the month to 4.5 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory work- ers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.3 percent in April to 99.5 (2002=100). The manufacturing index was down by 0.5 percent over the month to 93.8. (See table B-5.) - 4 - Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents in April to $15.59, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings increased by 0.3 percent over the month to $525.38. Over the year, average hourly earnings grew by 2.2 percent, and average weekly earnings increased by 2.5 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for May 2004 is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap- proximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. - 6 - Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. - 7 - Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super- sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in- dependently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di- rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to ad- just only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 290,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -190,000 to 390,000 (100,000 +/- 290,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 4 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 270,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. - 8 - The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi- ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de- rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household and establishment survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." For the establish- ment survey data, the sampling error measures and the actual size of re- visions due to benchmark adjustments appear in tables 2-B through 2-F of Employment and Earnings. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 220,540 222,550 222,757 220,540 222,509 222,161 222,357 222,550 222,757 Civilian labor force............................ 145,925 146,525 146,260 146,377 146,878 146,863 146,471 146,650 146,741 Participation rate........................ 66.2 65.8 65.7 66.4 66.0 66.1 65.9 65.9 65.9 Employed...................................... 137,424 137,691 138,423 137,578 138,479 138,566 138,301 138,298 138,576 Employment-population ratio............... 62.3 61.9 62.1 62.4 62.2 62.4 62.2 62.1 62.2 Unemployed.................................... 8,501 8,834 7,837 8,799 8,398 8,297 8,170 8,352 8,164 Unemployment rate......................... 5.8 6.0 5.4 6.0 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6 Not in labor force.............................. 74,615 76,025 76,497 74,163 75,631 75,298 75,886 75,900 76,016 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,373 4,667 4,598 4,462 4,714 4,747 4,746 4,843 4,744 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 106,123 107,281 107,392 106,123 107,123 107,072 107,177 107,281 107,392 Civilian labor force............................ 77,796 78,283 78,147 78,095 78,661 78,823 78,337 78,542 78,501 Participation rate........................ 73.3 73.0 72.8 73.6 73.4 73.6 73.1 73.2 73.1 Employed...................................... 72,905 73,244 73,774 73,150 74,085 74,343 73,901 74,006 74,053 Employment-population ratio............... 68.7 68.3 68.7 68.9 69.2 69.4 69.0 69.0 69.0 Unemployed.................................... 4,891 5,039 4,373 4,945 4,576 4,480 4,436 4,536 4,448 Unemployment rate......................... 6.3 6.4 5.6 6.3 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 Not in labor force.............................. 28,327 28,998 29,244 28,028 28,462 28,249 28,840 28,739 28,891 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 97,979 99,065 99,170 97,979 98,927 98,866 98,966 99,065 99,170 Civilian labor force............................ 74,504 74,991 74,806 74,510 75,044 75,171 74,797 75,018 74,871 Participation rate........................ 76.0 75.7 75.4 76.0 75.9 76.0 75.6 75.7 75.5 Employed...................................... 70,259 70,586 71,060 70,290 71,099 71,329 70,969 71,128 71,118 Employment-population ratio............... 71.7 71.3 71.7 71.7 71.9 72.1 71.7 71.8 71.7 Unemployed.................................... 4,245 4,405 3,746 4,220 3,945 3,842 3,828 3,890 3,753 Unemployment rate......................... 5.7 5.9 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.0 Not in labor force.............................. 23,475 24,074 24,364 23,469 23,882 23,694 24,168 24,047 24,299 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 114,417 115,269 115,365 114,417 115,386 115,089 115,180 115,269 115,365 Civilian labor force............................ 68,130 68,241 68,112 68,282 68,217 68,040 68,134 68,108 68,240 Participation rate........................ 59.5 59.2 59.0 59.7 59.1 59.1 59.2 59.1 59.2 Employed...................................... 64,519 64,447 64,649 64,427 64,394 64,223 64,400 64,292 64,523 Employment-population ratio............... 56.4 55.9 56.0 56.3 55.8 55.8 55.9 55.8 55.9 Unemployed.................................... 3,610 3,794 3,464 3,854 3,823 3,817 3,734 3,816 3,717 Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 5.6 5.1 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.4 Not in labor force.............................. 46,288 47,028 47,253 46,135 47,169 47,050 47,046 47,161 47,126 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 106,510 107,299 107,389 106,510 107,404 107,131 107,216 107,299 107,389 Civilian labor force............................ 64,696 65,036 64,853 64,632 64,846 64,515 64,629 64,687 64,785 Participation rate........................ 60.7 60.6 60.4 60.7 60.4 60.2 60.3 60.3 60.3 Employed...................................... 61,595 61,703 61,841 61,343 61,521 61,260 61,456 61,373 61,571 Employment-population ratio............... 57.8 57.5 57.6 57.6 57.3 57.2 57.3 57.2 57.3 Unemployed.................................... 3,101 3,333 3,012 3,289 3,326 3,255 3,172 3,314 3,215 Unemployment rate......................... 4.8 5.1 4.6 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.0 Not in labor force.............................. 41,814 42,264 42,536 41,878 42,558 42,617 42,587 42,613 42,604 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 16,051 16,186 16,198 16,051 16,178 16,164 16,175 16,186 16,198 Civilian labor force............................ 6,726 6,498 6,600 7,235 6,987 7,177 7,045 6,945 7,085 Participation rate........................ 41.9 40.1 40.7 45.1 43.2 44.4 43.6 42.9 43.7 Employed...................................... 5,570 5,402 5,522 5,945 5,859 5,977 5,875 5,797 5,888 Employment-population ratio............... 34.7 33.4 34.1 37.0 36.2 37.0 36.3 35.8 36.3 Unemployed.................................... 1,155 1,096 1,078 1,290 1,128 1,200 1,170 1,148 1,197 Unemployment rate......................... 17.2 16.9 16.3 17.8 16.1 16.7 16.6 16.5 16.9 Not in labor force.............................. 9,325 9,688 9,597 8,816 9,191 8,987 9,130 9,240 9,113 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, race, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 180,873 182,121 182,252 180,873 182,185 181,879 182,001 182,121 182,252 Civilian labor force............................ 120,195 120,455 120,317 120,514 120,751 120,723 120,540 120,542 120,675 Participation rate.......................... 66.5 66.1 66.0 66.6 66.3 66.4 66.2 66.2 66.2 Employed...................................... 114,057 113,921 114,557 114,220 114,678 114,765 114,602 114,433 114,712 Employment-population ratio................. 63.1 62.6 62.9 63.1 62.9 63.1 63.0 62.8 62.9 Unemployed.................................... 6,138 6,533 5,760 6,294 6,073 5,958 5,938 6,109 5,963 Unemployment rate........................... 5.1 5.4 4.8 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.9 Not in labor force.............................. 60,679 61,666 61,935 60,359 61,434 61,156 61,460 61,579 61,577 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 62,432 62,622 62,620 62,438 62,752 62,799 62,603 62,672 62,660 Participation rate.......................... 76.5 76.1 76.0 76.5 76.2 76.4 76.1 76.1 76.0 Employed...................................... 59,263 59,245 59,787 59,296 59,794 59,969 59,763 59,736 59,831 Employment-population ratio................. 72.6 72.0 72.6 72.6 72.6 73.0 72.6 72.6 72.6 Unemployed.................................... 3,168 3,377 2,833 3,141 2,957 2,830 2,840 2,936 2,829 Unemployment rate........................... 5.1 5.4 4.5 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 52,151 52,388 52,097 52,080 52,199 51,954 51,993 52,016 52,035 Participation rate.......................... 60.1 60.1 59.7 60.1 59.8 59.6 59.7 59.6 59.6 Employed...................................... 50,013 50,053 50,020 49,845 49,941 49,668 49,797 49,710 49,839 Employment-population ratio................. 57.7 57.4 57.3 57.5 57.2 57.0 57.1 57.0 57.1 Unemployed.................................... 2,137 2,335 2,077 2,235 2,258 2,286 2,197 2,306 2,196 Unemployment rate........................... 4.1 4.5 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.2 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 5,612 5,445 5,600 5,997 5,800 5,970 5,944 5,854 5,981 Participation rate.......................... 44.9 43.3 44.5 48.0 46.1 47.5 47.3 46.5 47.5 Employed...................................... 4,780 4,623 4,749 5,079 4,942 5,128 5,042 4,987 5,042 Employment-population ratio................. 38.2 36.7 37.7 40.6 39.3 40.8 40.1 39.6 40.0 Unemployed.................................... 832 822 851 918 857 842 902 867 939 Unemployment rate........................... 14.8 15.1 15.2 15.3 14.8 14.1 15.2 14.8 15.7 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,587 25,932 25,967 25,587 25,894 25,867 25,900 25,932 25,967 Civilian labor force............................ 16,417 16,531 16,374 16,521 16,365 16,602 16,404 16,595 16,485 Participation rate.......................... 64.2 63.7 63.1 64.6 63.2 64.2 63.3 64.0 63.5 Employed...................................... 14,726 14,793 14,856 14,739 14,679 14,866 14,804 14,909 14,878 Employment-population ratio................. 57.6 57.0 57.2 57.6 56.7 57.5 57.2 57.5 57.3 Unemployed.................................... 1,691 1,738 1,518 1,782 1,686 1,736 1,600 1,686 1,607 Unemployment rate........................... 10.3 10.5 9.3 10.8 10.3 10.5 9.8 10.2 9.7 Not in labor force.............................. 9,169 9,402 9,593 9,066 9,529 9,265 9,495 9,337 9,482 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,279 7,357 7,256 7,304 7,382 7,450 7,305 7,367 7,302 Participation rate.......................... 71.1 70.7 69.7 71.4 71.2 71.8 70.3 70.8 70.1 Employed...................................... 6,538 6,620 6,602 6,546 6,695 6,737 6,620 6,689 6,626 Employment-population ratio................. 63.9 63.7 63.4 63.9 64.6 65.0 63.7 64.3 63.6 Unemployed.................................... 740 737 654 759 687 713 684 678 676 Unemployment rate........................... 10.2 10.0 9.0 10.4 9.3 9.6 9.4 9.2 9.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,432 8,491 8,512 8,430 8,276 8,358 8,418 8,492 8,502 Participation rate.......................... 65.0 64.7 64.8 65.0 63.1 63.8 64.2 64.7 64.7 Employed...................................... 7,700 7,702 7,809 7,666 7,471 7,595 7,674 7,700 7,763 Employment-population ratio................. 59.3 58.7 59.4 59.1 56.9 58.0 58.5 58.7 59.1 Unemployed.................................... 732 789 703 765 805 762 745 792 739 Unemployment rate........................... 8.7 9.3 8.3 9.1 9.7 9.1 8.8 9.3 8.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 707 683 606 786 707 794 682 737 681 Participation rate.......................... 29.8 28.3 25.1 33.1 29.4 33.1 28.3 30.6 28.2 Employed...................................... 488 471 445 527 514 533 510 521 489 Employment-population ratio................. 20.6 19.6 18.4 22.2 21.4 22.2 21.2 21.6 20.3 Unemployed.................................... 219 212 161 259 193 261 171 217 193 Unemployment rate........................... 30.9 31.0 26.6 32.9 27.3 32.9 25.1 29.4 28.3 ASIAN Civilian noninstutional population................ 9,086 9,395 9,444 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Civilian labor force............................ 6,029 6,235 6,230 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 66.4 66.4 66.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 5,681 5,971 5,956 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 62.5 63.6 63.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 348 264 274 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 5.8 4.2 4.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Not in labor force.............................. 3,057 3,160 3,214 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 27,291 27,791 27,879 27,291 28,116 27,619 27,705 27,791 27,879 Civilian labor force............................ 18,794 19,053 19,080 18,779 19,035 18,811 18,693 19,010 19,064 Participation rate.......................... 68.9 68.6 68.4 68.8 67.7 68.1 67.5 68.4 68.4 Employed...................................... 17,443 17,534 17,798 17,350 17,784 17,441 17,303 17,596 17,693 Employment-population ratio................. 63.9 63.1 63.8 63.6 63.3 63.2 62.5 63.3 63.5 Unemployed.................................... 1,351 1,519 1,283 1,428 1,250 1,370 1,389 1,414 1,371 Unemployment rate........................... 7.2 8.0 6.7 7.6 6.6 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.2 Not in labor force.............................. 8,497 8,738 8,798 8,512 9,082 8,807 9,012 8,781 8,815 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 10,786 10,857 10,963 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 85.1 84.0 84.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 10,085 10,125 10,304 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 79.6 78.4 79.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 701 732 658 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 6.5 6.7 6.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,092 7,261 7,242 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 58.6 59.1 58.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 6,591 6,689 6,780 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 54.5 54.5 55.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 500 572 462 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 7.1 7.9 6.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 917 935 876 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 36.3 36.2 33.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 767 720 714 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 30.4 27.8 27.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 150 215 162 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 16.4 23.0 18.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force...................... 13,005 12,397 12,258 12,665 12,712 12,356 12,526 12,390 12,019 Participation rate.................... 45.5 45.1 45.1 44.3 44.9 44.3 45.4 45.1 44.2 Employed................................ 11,974 11,155 11,271 11,594 11,678 11,271 11,455 11,302 10,977 Employment-population ratio........... 41.9 40.6 41.5 40.5 41.2 40.4 41.5 41.1 40.4 Unemployed.............................. 1,031 1,242 987 1,072 1,034 1,085 1,071 1,088 1,042 Unemployment rate..................... 7.9 10.0 8.1 8.5 8.1 8.8 8.5 8.8 8.7 High school graduates, no college (1) Civilian labor force...................... 37,913 37,778 37,627 37,960 37,958 37,662 37,898 37,749 37,724 Participation rate.................... 64.1 63.3 62.6 64.1 63.5 63.0 63.3 63.2 62.8 Employed................................ 35,763 35,576 35,651 35,800 35,868 35,829 35,998 35,765 35,745 Employment-population ratio........... 60.4 59.6 59.3 60.5 60.0 59.9 60.1 59.9 59.5 Unemployed.............................. 2,150 2,202 1,976 2,160 2,090 1,832 1,900 1,984 1,979 Unemployment rate..................... 5.7 5.8 5.3 5.7 5.5 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.2 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force...................... 33,910 34,475 34,446 34,200 33,932 33,810 34,026 34,354 34,580 Participation rate.................... 73.1 73.0 72.8 73.7 72.2 72.5 72.1 72.8 73.0 Employed................................ 32,304 32,794 33,051 32,583 32,400 32,276 32,536 32,726 33,152 Employment-population ratio........... 69.6 69.5 69.8 70.2 69.0 69.2 68.9 69.3 70.0 Unemployed.............................. 1,606 1,681 1,394 1,617 1,532 1,535 1,489 1,628 1,428 Unemployment rate..................... 4.7 4.9 4.0 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.1 Bachelor's degree and higher (2) Civilian labor force...................... 39,652 40,535 40,359 39,422 40,515 40,450 39,917 40,371 40,185 Participation rate.................... 78.5 78.2 78.0 78.0 79.0 78.4 77.7 77.9 77.6 Employed................................ 38,511 39,414 39,265 38,198 39,291 39,277 38,748 39,197 39,006 Employment-population ratio........... 76.2 76.1 75.8 75.6 76.6 76.1 75.5 75.6 75.3 Unemployed.............................. 1,142 1,120 1,094 1,224 1,224 1,173 1,169 1,174 1,179 Unemployment rate..................... 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries....... 2,129 2,025 2,220 2,162 2,245 2,163 2,190 2,161 2,245 Wage and salary workers................ 1,182 1,125 1,252 1,203 1,294 1,220 1,246 1,234 1,268 Self-employed workers.................. 933 880 944 925 919 929 912 896 934 Unpaid family workers.................. 15 20 24 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Nonagricultural industries............... 135,295 135,666 136,203 135,486 136,180 136,306 136,166 136,122 136,384 Wage and salary workers................ 126,031 126,595 126,989 126,180 126,661 126,664 126,572 126,811 127,094 Government........................... 19,760 20,137 20,117 19,589 19,694 19,681 19,497 19,936 19,917 Private industries................... 106,271 106,458 106,872 106,599 107,110 107,019 107,008 106,833 107,142 Private households................. 715 767 727 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other industries................... 105,556 105,691 106,145 105,853 106,382 106,204 106,173 106,035 106,377 Self-employed workers.................. 9,161 8,955 9,139 9,184 9,477 9,501 9,498 9,210 9,228 Unpaid family workers.................. 103 116 75 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2) All industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,609 4,868 4,411 4,758 4,788 4,714 4,437 4,733 4,574 Slack work or business conditions.... 3,119 3,163 2,745 3,172 3,205 2,996 2,865 3,011 2,819 Could only find part-time work....... 1,233 1,430 1,429 1,255 1,295 1,380 1,347 1,427 1,439 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,785 19,616 19,568 18,933 18,561 18,905 18,900 19,006 19,000 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,518 4,750 4,325 4,643 4,727 4,613 4,328 4,622 4,471 Slack work or business conditions.... 3,055 3,081 2,687 3,098 3,144 2,911 2,778 2,927 2,756 Could only find part-time work....... 1,224 1,423 1,419 1,249 1,279 1,399 1,340 1,414 1,431 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,431 19,276 19,263 18,571 18,367 18,636 18,691 18,693 18,664 1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 137,424 137,691 138,423 137,578 138,479 138,566 138,301 138,298 138,576 16 to 19 years.................................. 5,570 5,402 5,522 5,945 5,859 5,977 5,875 5,797 5,888 16 to 17 years................................ 2,087 1,944 2,032 2,310 2,292 2,367 2,330 2,191 2,256 18 to 19 years................................ 3,484 3,459 3,490 3,633 3,562 3,605 3,573 3,590 3,634 20 years and over............................... 131,854 132,289 132,901 131,633 132,620 132,589 132,426 132,501 132,689 20 to 24 years................................ 13,302 13,350 13,662 13,431 13,413 13,609 13,582 13,602 13,767 25 years and over............................. 118,552 118,939 119,239 118,212 119,168 118,930 118,869 118,832 118,886 25 to 54 years.............................. 97,483 96,855 97,387 97,230 97,436 97,161 96,982 96,871 97,124 25 to 34 years............................ 30,530 30,163 30,376 30,494 30,340 30,326 30,178 30,260 30,316 35 to 44 years............................ 35,143 34,460 34,606 34,955 34,819 34,506 34,486 34,425 34,421 45 to 54 years............................ 31,810 32,232 32,406 31,781 32,277 32,328 32,319 32,186 32,388 55 years and over........................... 21,068 22,084 21,851 20,982 21,732 21,769 21,886 21,961 21,762 Men, 16 years and over............................ 72,905 73,244 73,774 73,150 74,085 74,343 73,901 74,006 74,053 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,646 2,658 2,714 2,860 2,986 3,014 2,931 2,878 2,935 16 to 17 years................................ 952 871 925 1,064 1,153 1,157 1,105 999 1,044 18 to 19 years................................ 1,694 1,787 1,789 1,790 1,817 1,862 1,850 1,858 1,886 20 years and over............................... 70,259 70,586 71,060 70,290 71,099 71,329 70,969 71,128 71,118 20 to 24 years................................ 7,022 7,027 7,171 7,101 7,048 7,198 7,155 7,202 7,235 25 years and over............................. 63,237 63,559 63,889 63,205 64,061 64,167 63,903 63,879 63,839 25 to 54 years.............................. 51,994 51,795 52,288 51,997 52,441 52,416 52,179 52,107 52,283 25 to 34 years............................ 16,722 16,522 16,693 16,714 16,740 16,773 16,608 16,693 16,685 35 to 44 years............................ 18,763 18,529 18,680 18,737 18,857 18,712 18,683 18,632 18,656 45 to 54 years............................ 16,510 16,743 16,915 16,546 16,843 16,931 16,889 16,781 16,942 55 years and over........................... 11,242 11,764 11,601 11,208 11,620 11,751 11,724 11,772 11,556 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 64,519 64,447 64,649 64,427 64,394 64,223 64,400 64,292 64,523 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,924 2,744 2,808 3,084 2,873 2,963 2,944 2,919 2,952 16 to 17 years................................ 1,135 1,073 1,106 1,246 1,139 1,210 1,225 1,192 1,212 18 to 19 years................................ 1,789 1,671 1,701 1,843 1,745 1,743 1,723 1,732 1,747 20 years and over............................... 61,595 61,703 61,841 61,343 61,521 61,260 61,456 61,373 61,571 20 to 24 years................................ 6,280 6,322 6,491 6,329 6,365 6,411 6,427 6,400 6,532 25 years and over............................. 55,315 55,380 55,350 55,007 55,107 54,763 54,966 54,953 55,047 25 to 54 years.............................. 45,489 45,061 45,100 45,233 44,996 44,745 44,803 44,764 44,841 25 to 34 years............................ 13,808 13,641 13,682 13,780 13,599 13,554 13,570 13,566 13,631 35 to 44 years............................ 16,381 15,931 15,926 16,218 15,962 15,794 15,803 15,793 15,765 45 to 54 years............................ 15,300 15,488 15,492 15,234 15,434 15,397 15,430 15,405 15,446 55 years and over........................... 9,826 10,320 10,250 9,774 10,112 10,018 10,162 10,189 10,205 Married men, spouse present....................... 44,486 44,793 44,637 44,525 45,431 45,490 45,128 45,043 44,735 Married women, spouse present..................... 34,817 34,533 34,488 34,634 35,034 34,585 34,502 34,256 34,339 Women who maintain families....................... 8,590 8,768 8,765 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Full-time workers (2)............................. 112,470 112,756 113,386 113,155 114,597 113,976 114,037 113,951 114,094 Part-time workers (3)............................. 24,955 24,935 25,037 24,345 24,023 24,306 24,081 24,273 24,397 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1) (in thousands) Characteristic Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 8,799 8,352 8,164 6.0 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6 16 to 19 years.................................. 1,290 1,148 1,197 17.8 16.1 16.7 16.6 16.5 16.9 16 to 17 years................................ 539 529 573 18.9 18.3 18.2 17.6 19.4 20.2 18 to 19 years................................ 760 608 624 17.3 14.7 15.7 15.7 14.5 14.7 20 years and over............................... 7,509 7,204 6,967 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.0 20 to 24 years................................ 1,496 1,437 1,392 10.0 9.6 9.8 9.5 9.6 9.2 25 years and over............................. 6,043 5,758 5,578 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 25 to 54 years.............................. 5,066 4,953 4,679 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.9 4.6 25 to 34 years............................ 1,903 1,895 1,760 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.6 5.9 5.5 35 to 44 years............................ 1,771 1,712 1,597 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.4 45 to 54 years............................ 1,391 1,346 1,321 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.9 55 years and over........................... 908 859 851 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,945 4,536 4,448 6.3 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 16 to 19 years.................................. 725 646 695 20.2 17.4 17.5 17.2 18.3 19.1 16 to 17 years................................ 287 287 319 21.3 18.4 19.3 19.4 22.3 23.4 18 to 19 years................................ 436 349 373 19.6 16.9 16.2 15.7 15.8 16.5 20 years and over............................... 4,220 3,890 3,753 5.7 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.0 20 to 24 years................................ 850 809 800 10.7 10.4 10.5 10.0 10.1 10.0 25 years and over............................. 3,372 3,100 2,947 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,837 2,632 2,477 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.5 25 to 34 years............................ 1,050 1,048 980 5.9 5.9 5.6 6.0 5.9 5.5 35 to 44 years............................ 1,004 904 817 5.1 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.2 45 to 54 years............................ 783 680 680 4.5 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9 55 years and over........................... 535 468 470 4.6 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 3,854 3,816 3,717 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.4 16 to 19 years.................................. 565 502 502 15.5 14.7 15.9 16.0 14.7 14.5 16 to 17 years................................ 252 242 254 16.8 18.2 17.1 15.9 16.9 17.3 18 to 19 years................................ 324 259 251 14.9 12.2 15.2 15.6 13.0 12.6 20 years and over............................... 3,289 3,314 3,215 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.0 20 to 24 years................................ 646 628 592 9.3 8.8 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.3 25 years and over............................. 2,672 2,658 2,631 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,229 2,321 2,202 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.9 4.7 25 to 34 years............................ 853 847 781 5.8 6.1 5.9 5.2 5.9 5.4 35 to 44 years............................ 767 808 780 4.5 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.7 45 to 54 years............................ 609 666 641 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 55 years and over (2)....................... 344 372 349 3.4 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.5 3.3 Married men, spouse present....................... 1,746 1,509 1,445 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.1 Married women, spouse present..................... 1,312 1,311 1,322 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 Women who maintain families (2)................... 795 800 710 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.1 8.4 7.5 Full-time workers (3)............................. 7,401 6,961 6,775 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.6 Part-time workers (4)............................. 1,391 1,376 1,368 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.3 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 4,716 4,920 4,253 4,851 4,618 4,382 4,323 4,607 4,399 On temporary layoff............................. 1,076 1,266 943 1,112 1,060 1,028 1,064 1,040 994 Not on temporary layoff......................... 3,640 3,654 3,311 3,739 3,558 3,353 3,258 3,567 3,405 Permanent job losers.......................... 2,786 2,784 2,560 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 854 870 750 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 786 866 796 818 783 804 827 836 822 Reentrants........................................ 2,421 2,491 2,199 2,517 2,366 2,509 2,424 2,424 2,314 New entrants...................................... 578 556 589 633 694 681 676 627 645 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 55.5 55.7 54.3 55.0 54.6 52.3 52.4 54.2 53.8 On temporary layoff............................ 12.7 14.3 12.0 12.6 12.5 12.3 12.9 12.2 12.1 Not on temporary layoff........................ 42.8 41.4 42.2 42.4 42.0 40.0 39.5 42.0 41.6 Job leavers...................................... 9.2 9.8 10.2 9.3 9.3 9.6 10.0 9.8 10.1 Reentrants....................................... 28.5 28.2 28.1 28.5 28.0 30.0 29.4 28.5 28.3 New entrants..................................... 6.8 6.3 7.5 7.2 8.2 8.1 8.2 7.4 7.9 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 3.2 3.4 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 Job leavers...................................... .5 .6 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 Reentrants....................................... 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 New entrants..................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 1 Data not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................. 2,443 2,413 2,439 2,815 2,627 2,612 2,468 2,589 2,792 5 to 14 weeks..................................... 2,408 2,666 2,159 2,625 2,450 2,394 2,412 2,414 2,369 15 weeks and over................................. 3,650 3,754 3,239 3,318 3,403 3,365 3,274 3,320 2,969 15 to 26 weeks................................. 1,644 1,683 1,363 1,399 1,513 1,467 1,403 1,332 1,170 27 weeks and over.............................. 2,005 2,071 1,876 1,919 1,890 1,898 1,871 1,988 1,800 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................. 20.6 20.8 21.0 19.4 19.6 19.8 20.3 20.1 19.7 Median duration, in weeks......................... 12.0 11.8 11.0 10.1 10.4 10.7 10.3 10.3 9.5 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks............................... 28.7 27.3 31.1 32.1 31.0 31.2 30.3 31.1 34.3 5 to 14 weeks................................... 28.3 30.2 27.5 30.0 28.9 28.6 29.6 29.0 29.1 15 weeks and over............................... 42.9 42.5 41.3 37.9 40.1 40.2 40.2 39.9 36.5 15 to 26 weeks................................ 19.3 19.1 17.4 16.0 17.8 17.5 17.2 16.0 14.4 27 weeks and over............................. 23.6 23.4 23.9 21.9 22.3 22.7 22.9 23.9 22.1 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. 2003 2004 2003 2004 2003 2004 Total, 16 years and over (1)................................ 137,424 138,423 8,501 7,837 5.8 5.4 Management, professional, and related occupations................ 48,050 48,667 1,438 1,300 2.9 2.6 Management, business, and financial operations occupations..... 20,022 20,100 558 557 2.7 2.7 Professional and related occupations........................... 28,027 28,567 879 743 3.0 2.5 Service occupations.............................................. 22,073 22,482 1,687 1,518 7.1 6.3 Sales and office occupations..................................... 35,696 35,141 1,988 1,848 5.3 5.0 Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,965 15,809 886 800 5.3 4.8 Office and administrative support occupations.................. 19,731 19,332 1,103 1,048 5.3 5.1 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations..... 13,552 14,145 1,230 1,172 8.3 7.6 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 922 977 133 114 12.6 10.5 Construction and extraction occupations........................ 7,761 8,170 829 844 9.6 9.4 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.............. 4,870 4,998 268 214 5.2 4.1 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations...... 18,054 17,988 1,562 1,397 8.0 7.2 Production occupations......................................... 9,771 9,487 817 709 7.7 6.9 Transportation and material moving occupations................. 8,283 8,501 745 689 8.3 7.5 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment persons rates Industry (in thousands) Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. 2003 2004 2003 2004 Total, 16 years and over (1)............... 8,501 7,837 5.8 5.4 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers... 7,082 6,466 6.2 5.7 Mining.......................................... 41 34 7.7 6.4 Construction.................................... 772 849 9.3 9.5 Manufacturing................................... 1,199 1,004 6.7 5.8 Durable goods................................. 799 598 7.3 5.6 Nondurable goods.............................. 400 406 5.8 6.2 Wholesale and retail trade...................... 1,201 1,248 6.0 6.1 Transportation and utilities.................... 274 239 5.0 4.5 Information..................................... 268 168 7.3 5.0 Financial activities............................ 323 312 3.6 3.4 Professional and business services.............. 1,076 752 8.3 6.0 Education and health services................... 611 589 3.4 3.3 Leisure and hospitality......................... 986 925 8.5 7.9 Other services.................................. 331 347 5.5 5.6 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers........................................ 154 107 12.0 8.3 Government workers................................ 440 433 2.2 2.1 Self employed and unpaid family workers........... 248 242 2.4 2.3 1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................. 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.0 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.................... 3.2 3.4 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)....................... 5.8 6.0 5.4 6.0 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers..... 6.1 6.4 5.7 6.3 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.9 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.................................................. 6.7 7.1 6.3 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.5 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers......................................... 9.8 10.4 9.3 10.1 9.9 9.9 9.6 9.9 9.6 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. 2003 2004 2003 2004 2003 2004 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 74,615 76,497 28,327 29,244 46,288 47,253 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,373 4,598 1,953 2,131 2,421 2,466 Searched for work and available to work now (1)................ 1,399 1,526 695 782 704 743 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects (2)................... 437 492 254 313 183 179 Reasons other than discouragement (3)................ 962 1,034 440 469 521 565 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders (4)..................................... 7,181 7,239 3,756 3,675 3,425 3,564 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.3 5.5 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 3,758 3,869 2,190 2,142 1,569 1,727 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,652 1,633 572 551 1,080 1,082 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 279 275 185 188 94 87 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,443 1,417 783 760 660 657 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. from: 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004p 2004p Mar. 2004- Apr. 2004p Total nonfarm......... 129,781 128,786 129,820 130,929 129,901 130,035 130,194 130,277 130,614 130,902 288 Total private........... 107,783 106,962 107,845 108,972 108,304 108,491 108,667 108,738 109,048 109,328 280 Goods-producing............. 21,651 21,132 21,343 21,620 21,880 21,668 21,696 21,684 21,766 21,808 42 Natural resources and mining.... 555 557 565 573 568 570 570 572 580 583 3 Logging...................... 61.8 62.2 61.5 60.4 68.4 65.9 65.1 64.2 66.2 66.4 .2 Mining......................... 493.4 495.1 503.9 512.5 499.9 504.3 505.1 508.1 513.7 516.9 3.2 Oil and gas extraction........ 121.0 128.5 129.0 130.8 122.3 124.6 126.9 128.9 129.9 131.1 1.2 Mining, except oil and gas(1). 199.8 191.9 196.8 203.4 201.9 202.0 200.0 200.6 202.7 204.5 1.8 Coal mining.................. 70.2 69.6 70.1 71.1 70.8 69.8 69.6 70.2 70.5 71.4 .9 Support activities for mining. 172.6 174.7 178.1 178.3 175.7 177.7 178.2 178.6 181.1 181.3 .2 Construction.................... 6,530 6,356 6,510 6,737 6,689 6,774 6,812 6,791 6,856 6,874 18 Construction of buildings..... 1,540.7 1,523.6 1,546.5 1,572.4 1,578.1 1,585.1 1,593.3 1,590.9 1,606.2 1,603.5 -2.7 Heavy and civil engineering construction................. 868.9 806.3 841.7 904.3 900.0 920.7 928.0 924.0 926.8 928.2 1.4 Specialty trade contractors... 4,120.6 4,025.9 4,122.0 4,260.2 4,211.3 4,268.4 4,290.2 4,276.5 4,322.8 4,342.6 19.8 Manufacturing................... 14,566 14,219 14,268 14,310 14,623 14,324 14,314 14,321 14,330 14,351 21 Production workers........... 10,224 9,958 10,001 10,046 10,263 10,044 10,035 10,038 10,044 10,066 22 Durable goods.................. 9,010 8,836 8,866 8,907 9,025 8,868 8,869 8,882 8,889 8,909 20 Production workers........... 6,181 6,054 6,080 6,117 6,188 6,079 6,081 6,088 6,091 6,109 18 Wood products................. 534.3 528.8 529.9 534.3 537.8 536.6 536.3 538.4 538.2 538.1 -.1 Nonmetallic mineral products.. 489.9 472.0 480.8 492.5 494.1 487.5 492.7 490.5 492.3 494.2 1.9 Primary metals................ 485.7 461.5 461.3 462.6 485.8 464.6 462.2 462.4 461.6 462.1 .5 Fabricated metal products..... 1,485.3 1,472.1 1,472.2 1,484.1 1,487.6 1,471.2 1,471.8 1,476.6 1,475.5 1,485.1 9.6 Machinery..................... 1,162.2 1,141.7 1,146.5 1,149.3 1,161.2 1,140.4 1,138.7 1,141.2 1,144.9 1,148.9 4.0 Computer and electronic products(1).................. 1,374.8 1,332.5 1,333.8 1,332.6 1,377.5 1,332.2 1,333.2 1,333.9 1,334.6 1,334.8 .2 Computer and peripheral equipment................... 230.4 218.2 218.7 217.8 231.1 217.8 219.4 219.0 218.6 218.1 -.5 Communications equipment..... 159.0 155.0 154.7 155.0 158.7 153.0 154.8 154.8 154.9 154.7 -.2 Semiconductors and electronic components.................. 468.2 450.9 451.1 452.6 468.6 451.3 450.2 451.4 451.4 452.9 1.5 Electronic instruments....... 430.0 423.5 424.4 422.0 430.9 425.3 423.7 423.3 424.4 423.1 -1.3 Electrical equipment and appliances................... 465.4 448.0 447.8 447.9 465.7 451.2 449.8 448.6 446.9 445.7 -1.2 Transportation equipment...... 1,771.5 1,762.1 1,768.8 1,770.0 1,772.3 1,762.7 1,760.6 1,766.5 1,768.3 1,769.5 1.2 Furniture and related products 572.7 567.8 574.0 577.8 574.6 569.3 571.3 571.2 574.7 577.1 2.4 Miscellaneous manufacturing... 668.1 649.7 651.2 655.9 668.7 651.9 652.0 653.0 652.3 653.0 .7 Nondurable goods............... 5,556 5,383 5,402 5,403 5,598 5,456 5,445 5,439 5,441 5,442 1 Production workers........... 4,043 3,904 3,921 3,929 4,075 3,965 3,954 3,950 3,953 3,957 4 Food manufacturing............ 1,486.6 1,475.2 1,474.8 1,469.7 1,517.3 1,506.3 1,500.7 1,502.4 1,502.0 1,501.7 -.3 Beverages and tobacco products 196.4 190.3 191.6 192.5 200.6 198.3 197.7 195.9 196.4 196.1 -.3 Textile mills................. 271.6 235.2 237.9 238.1 270.4 241.0 239.2 237.3 237.2 236.1 -1.1 Textile product mills......... 185.3 173.8 179.2 182.4 184.8 174.3 176.9 176.6 179.4 180.8 1.4 Apparel....................... 320.1 292.8 297.2 295.9 321.7 297.7 296.1 297.1 296.8 296.6 -.2 Leather and allied products... 46.6 44.3 45.0 46.4 46.3 44.3 44.6 44.8 45.0 45.3 .3 Paper and paper products...... 520.4 504.7 505.5 506.3 523.0 510.3 509.8 508.0 508.7 508.7 .0 Printing and related support activities................... 681.0 661.4 661.0 659.3 683.7 670.1 667.6 665.0 662.5 660.6 -1.9 Petroleum and coal products... 114.8 109.6 110.8 111.0 115.5 112.4 114.3 112.9 112.8 111.9 -.9 Chemicals..................... 913.1 893.8 895.0 893.9 913.9 895.9 893.7 894.7 894.7 895.6 .9 Plastics and rubber products.. 819.9 801.6 804.0 807.7 820.7 805.8 804.8 803.9 805.9 808.1 2.2 Service-providing........... 108,130 107,654 108,477 109,309 108,021 108,367 108,498 108,593 108,848 109,094 246 Private service-providing.. 86,132 85,830 86,502 87,352 86,424 86,823 86,971 87,054 87,282 87,520 238 Trade, transportation, and utilities...................... 25,076 24,955 25,090 25,224 25,326 25,211 25,312 25,331 25,408 25,436 28 Wholesale trade................ 5,611.6 5,569.6 5,598.9 5,621.3 5,625.8 5,598.4 5,611.4 5,612.2 5,624.3 5,630.4 6.1 Durable goods................. 2,951.3 2,938.1 2,951.9 2,962.2 2,958.1 2,945.8 2,954.9 2,953.8 2,962.5 2,966.5 4.0 Nondurable goods.............. 2,007.7 1,971.4 1,982.5 1,991.2 2,013.1 1,991.8 1,993.7 1,994.5 1,995.4 1,995.0 -.4 Electronic markets and agents and brokers.................. 652.6 660.1 664.5 667.9 654.6 660.8 662.8 663.9 666.4 668.9 2.5 Retail trade...................14,720.3 14,672.8 14,749.0 14,848.9 14,929.4 14,876.0 14,944.8 14,963.0 15,009.2 15,032.6 23.4 Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)................... 1,869.8 1,876.2 1,893.7 1,909.3 1,875.9 1,893.7 1,895.4 1,900.9 1,908.4 1,914.3 5.9 Automobile dealers........... 1,246.7 1,255.5 1,262.0 1,264.0 1,249.8 1,259.5 1,261.3 1,262.9 1,265.5 1,267.6 2.1 Furniture and home furnishings stores....................... 537.3 540.5 540.6 540.2 543.8 547.2 546.4 544.5 544.5 545.4 .9 Electronics and appliance stores....................... 506.8 508.7 509.4 510.7 513.3 511.9 509.3 508.2 511.8 514.4 2.6 Building material and garden supply stores................ 1,198.9 1,166.0 1,209.1 1,272.6 1,180.5 1,209.5 1,221.4 1,231.4 1,242.1 1,252.5 10.4 Food and beverage stores...... 2,822.8 2,808.2 2,803.4 2,795.3 2,853.2 2,813.9 2,826.3 2,831.3 2,835.2 2,829.6 -5.6 Health and personal care stores....................... 932.3 950.9 952.7 950.1 940.3 952.6 954.1 954.9 958.2 957.9 -.3 Gasoline stations............. 877.0 860.0 862.7 862.7 884.7 871.1 875.1 871.8 872.3 870.1 -2.2 Clothing and clothing accessories stores........... 1,269.4 1,273.2 1,285.4 1,292.5 1,303.4 1,301.0 1,304.3 1,311.3 1,320.6 1,324.6 4.0 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores............. 629.5 623.7 621.3 617.2 649.0 633.2 635.9 636.8 636.0 634.7 -1.3 General merchandise stores(1). 2,734.5 2,729.1 2,744.0 2,767.2 2,816.8 2,793.4 2,822.7 2,822.5 2,828.5 2,838.9 10.4 Department stores............ 1,559.2 1,545.5 1,550.5 1,563.2 1,618.8 1,601.3 1,603.4 1,602.7 1,606.8 1,613.2 6.4 Miscellaneous store retailers. 922.2 913.8 905.9 913.4 938.7 924.4 929.6 924.6 926.2 924.8 -1.4 Nonstore retailers............ 419.8 422.5 420.8 417.7 429.8 424.1 424.3 424.8 425.4 425.4 .0 Transportation and warehousing. 4,163.1 4,135.3 4,162.1 4,175.6 4,187.7 4,157.0 4,175.9 4,175.8 4,193.3 4,191.9 -1.4 Air transportation............ 532.7 506.8 510.1 515.1 537.1 512.9 510.2 511.6 513.3 515.2 1.9 Rail transportation........... 215.3 213.8 214.5 216.4 215.4 215.5 215.4 215.7 216.0 216.1 .1 Water transportation.......... 52.1 46.3 47.4 49.6 52.7 50.0 50.6 48.8 49.0 50.1 1.1 Truck transportation.......... 1,303.3 1,312.8 1,319.2 1,334.1 1,322.0 1,338.7 1,343.6 1,344.1 1,345.7 1,349.6 3.9 Transit and ground passenger transportation............... 398.1 390.0 394.5 389.6 383.2 385.0 382.3 380.1 379.7 375.8 -3.9 Pipeline transportation....... 40.8 37.9 37.7 37.9 40.9 38.8 38.3 38.2 38.0 38.0 .0 Scenic and sightseeing transportation............... 24.6 24.3 25.9 27.8 27.6 29.4 28.7 29.7 30.1 30.0 -.1 Support activities for transportation............... 513.4 512.8 514.2 514.9 514.8 511.6 514.1 515.5 518.5 518.4 -.1 Couriers and messengers....... 564.3 565.7 569.7 563.7 570.5 559.0 566.9 567.7 571.5 567.2 -4.3 Warehousing and storage....... 518.5 524.9 528.9 526.5 523.5 516.1 525.8 524.4 531.5 531.5 .0 Utilities...................... 580.7 577.0 579.7 578.3 582.8 579.3 580.2 580.0 581.3 581.5 .2 Information..................... 3,203 3,156 3,160 3,160 3,214 3,175 3,163 3,169 3,169 3,171 2 Publishing industries, except Internet..................... 929.2 913.3 914.7 913.4 932.4 917.4 914.0 915.1 916.0 916.3 .3 Motion picture and sound recording industries......... 364.7 377.1 375.0 375.2 371.6 385.2 379.7 382.7 380.5 383.0 2.5 Broadcasting, except Internet. 326.3 330.5 333.2 333.7 327.1 329.5 329.7 331.8 333.5 334.3 .8 Internet publishing and broadcasting................. 29.8 31.7 31.8 32.5 29.9 30.4 30.8 31.9 32.0 32.5 .5 Telecommunications............ 1,093.7 1,056.0 1,054.7 1,053.2 1,095.4 1,061.2 1,061.3 1,058.2 1,056.9 1,055.2 -1.7 ISPs, search portals, and data processing................... 410.3 399.6 401.8 402.6 408.6 402.6 400.1 401.1 401.4 400.8 -.6 Other information services.... 48.8 47.5 48.4 49.1 48.6 48.2 47.8 48.0 48.5 49.2 .7 Financial activities............ 7,945 7,939 7,955 7,985 7,968 7,981 7,981 7,989 7,994 8,002 8 Finance and insurance.......... 5,908.9 5,911.3 5,920.8 5,928.8 5,919.4 5,916.5 5,917.1 5,924.7 5,930.5 5,936.8 6.3 Monetary authorities - central bank......................... 22.7 22.3 22.3 22.3 22.8 22.5 22.4 22.4 22.4 22.4 .0 Credit intermediation and related activities(1)........ 2,771.5 2,778.2 2,786.5 2,790.7 2,777.0 2,783.3 2,785.3 2,787.2 2,794.5 2,798.4 3.9 Depository credit intermediation(1)........... 1,744.2 1,757.8 1,759.9 1,761.1 1,748.0 1,757.1 1,758.7 1,762.6 1,763.8 1,764.6 .8 Commercial banking.......... 1,277.1 1,279.3 1,280.5 1,283.4 1,280.0 1,278.9 1,280.4 1,283.5 1,284.5 1,286.2 1.7 Securities, commodity contracts, investments....... 759.8 777.1 778.9 777.9 762.6 771.9 773.8 778.2 781.0 780.1 -.9 Insurance carriers and related activities................... 2,272.4 2,254.1 2,254.0 2,258.9 2,274.2 2,258.1 2,255.8 2,257.4 2,253.4 2,256.9 3.5 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles........... 82.5 79.6 79.1 79.0 82.8 80.7 79.8 79.5 79.2 79.0 -.2 Real estate and rental and leasing....................... 2,036.2 2,027.2 2,034.5 2,056.0 2,048.8 2,064.0 2,063.6 2,064.5 2,063.0 2,064.9 1.9 Real estate................... 1,374.8 1,377.0 1,385.0 1,401.4 1,382.2 1,395.7 1,397.7 1,400.2 1,401.9 1,405.6 3.7 Rental and leasing services... 634.0 620.2 620.3 626.0 638.9 638.3 636.0 634.2 631.5 630.2 -1.3 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets............ 27.4 30.0 29.2 28.6 27.7 30.0 29.9 30.1 29.6 29.1 -.5 Professional and business services....................... 15,850 15,881 16,044 16,353 15,897 16,159 16,172 16,196 16,250 16,373 123 Professional and technical services(1)................... 6,692.1 6,727.0 6,754.4 6,760.8 6,631.3 6,669.3 6,657.9 6,658.1 6,688.3 6,701.5 13.2 Legal services............... 1,130.5 1,132.3 1,132.3 1,135.4 1,138.3 1,140.5 1,138.7 1,139.2 1,138.8 1,141.4 2.6 Accounting and bookkeeping services.................... 911.2 944.0 927.3 907.3 818.1 826.6 815.2 813.3 820.0 820.6 .6 Architectural and engineering services.................... 1,217.5 1,215.9 1,228.6 1,244.5 1,227.5 1,235.2 1,236.0 1,240.0 1,247.2 1,254.4 7.2 Computer systems design and related services............ 1,120.2 1,099.4 1,105.3 1,100.3 1,117.9 1,105.7 1,104.6 1,099.8 1,102.8 1,098.9 -3.9 Management and technical consulting services......... 737.3 760.1 768.9 777.7 741.5 764.0 765.4 767.9 774.2 781.9 7.7 Management of companies and enterprises................... 1,670.7 1,658.6 1,663.4 1,675.0 1,679.1 1,670.2 1,675.1 1,675.6 1,675.6 1,681.0 5.4 Administrative and waste services...................... 7,487.4 7,495.1 7,625.9 7,917.6 7,586.6 7,819.2 7,838.5 7,862.4 7,886.1 7,990.3 104.2 Administrative and support services(1).................. 7,165.7 7,180.1 7,308.9 7,595.2 7,262.8 7,496.3 7,517.5 7,539.6 7,562.9 7,665.4 102.5 Employment services(1)....... 3,138.6 3,296.8 3,353.1 3,479.7 3,229.3 3,461.3 3,473.8 3,493.8 3,494.4 3,554.5 60.1 Temporary help services..... 2,090.1 2,216.2 2,272.2 2,361.6 2,159.1 2,355.3 2,344.3 2,370.4 2,384.3 2,419.6 35.3 Business support services.... 747.2 738.7 747.7 750.7 746.8 745.1 739.0 739.8 744.7 747.5 2.8 Services to buildings and dwellings................... 1,622.6 1,492.4 1,544.9 1,684.8 1,621.5 1,635.9 1,637.1 1,639.5 1,649.0 1,678.8 29.8 Waste management and remediation services......... 321.7 315.0 317.0 322.4 323.8 322.9 321.0 322.8 323.2 324.9 1.7 Education and health services... 16,695 16,863 16,949 17,009 16,538 16,731 16,746 16,764 16,805 16,836 31 Educational services........... 2,835.0 2,860.0 2,880.9 2,886.7 2,687.1 2,728.0 2,729.3 2,727.4 2,731.4 2,733.1 1.7 Health care and social assistance....................13,860.4 14,002.6 14,068.0 14,122.0 13,851.0 14,003.2 14,017.1 14,036.8 14,073.2 14,103.2 30.0 Ambulatory health care services(1).................. 4,747.0 4,835.4 4,857.9 4,883.9 4,751.8 4,831.0 4,840.3 4,855.3 4,868.0 4,884.8 16.8 Offices of physicians........ 1,987.4 2,029.6 2,040.3 2,043.0 1,992.1 2,030.0 2,032.3 2,034.4 2,043.5 2,046.9 3.4 Outpatient care centers...... 423.3 431.0 430.7 434.4 422.4 425.0 427.8 431.1 429.9 432.7 2.8 Home health care services.... 723.6 732.5 739.3 748.7 722.9 739.9 740.2 741.5 743.9 747.9 4.0 Hospitals..................... 4,237.3 4,276.4 4,292.3 4,294.6 4,244.1 4,283.9 4,287.8 4,284.1 4,296.0 4,299.7 3.7 Nursing and residential care facilities(1)................ 2,777.8 2,779.3 2,792.6 2,798.7 2,781.4 2,793.0 2,792.1 2,791.1 2,797.8 2,802.6 4.8 Nursing care facilities...... 1,580.1 1,572.6 1,579.2 1,580.7 1,582.3 1,581.7 1,580.3 1,578.7 1,582.0 1,583.9 1.9 Social assistance(1).......... 2,098.3 2,111.5 2,125.2 2,144.8 2,073.7 2,095.3 2,096.9 2,106.3 2,111.4 2,116.1 4.7 Child day care services...... 777.7 783.5 788.6 795.0 757.9 770.0 766.3 772.2 773.4 773.0 -.4 Leisure and hospitality......... 11,971 11,699 11,927 12,225 12,084 12,192 12,218 12,229 12,263 12,299 36 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................... 1,748.3 1,609.0 1,656.0 1,747.9 1,792.9 1,795.2 1,801.4 1,796.7 1,795.0 1,790.3 -4.7 Performing arts and spectator sports....................... 381.8 343.9 347.0 362.0 377.3 368.8 369.4 366.5 362.6 359.4 -3.2 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks.............. 111.1 104.6 108.0 114.2 113.3 113.1 113.4 113.7 114.1 115.1 1.0 Amusements, gambling, and recreation................... 1,255.4 1,160.5 1,201.0 1,271.7 1,302.3 1,313.3 1,318.6 1,316.5 1,318.3 1,315.8 -2.5 Accommodations and food services......................10,223.0 10,090.2 10,271.2 10,477.0 10,290.7 10,396.3 10,416.5 10,432.3 10,467.8 10,508.8 41.0 Accommodations................ 1,716.0 1,672.7 1,694.9 1,722.3 1,759.4 1,763.0 1,752.1 1,754.4 1,756.7 1,763.8 7.1 Food services and drinking places....................... 8,507.0 8,417.5 8,576.3 8,754.7 8,531.3 8,633.3 8,664.4 8,677.9 8,711.1 8,745.0 33.9 Other services.................. 5,392 5,337 5,377 5,396 5,397 5,374 5,379 5,376 5,393 5,403 10 Repair and maintenance........ 1,238.1 1,224.4 1,239.5 1,239.3 1,235.9 1,228.5 1,233.5 1,230.5 1,238.9 1,238.5 -.4 Personal and laundry services. 1,260.7 1,231.2 1,246.8 1,256.7 1,260.1 1,250.2 1,251.2 1,247.6 1,255.8 1,256.3 .5 Membership associations and organizations................ 2,892.8 2,881.4 2,890.9 2,900.1 2,901.0 2,895.7 2,894.5 2,898.3 2,898.3 2,908.0 9.7 Government...................... 21,998 21,824 21,975 21,957 21,597 21,544 21,527 21,539 21,566 21,574 8 Federal........................ 2,758 2,699 2,703 2,707 2,768 2,720 2,715 2,716 2,717 2,717 0 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service...................... 1,944.4 1,909.3 1,916.1 1,922.4 1,952.5 1,928.9 1,921.5 1,923.8 1,927.2 1,929.7 2.5 U.S. Postal Service........... 813.1 789.2 787.0 785.0 815.2 791.4 793.1 791.7 789.9 787.7 -2.2 State government............... 5,164 5,119 5,164 5,169 5,020 5,027 5,007 5,018 5,026 5,030 4 State government education.... 2,406.6 2,394.5 2,430.2 2,432.5 2,259.7 2,285.7 2,268.0 2,279.6 2,286.4 2,290.9 4.5 State government, excluding education.................... 2,757.1 2,724.8 2,733.9 2,736.9 2,760.4 2,740.9 2,738.9 2,738.4 2,739.1 2,738.6 -.5 Local government............... 14,076 14,006 14,108 14,081 13,809 13,797 13,805 13,805 13,823 13,827 4 Local government education.... 8,035.6 7,992.0 8,076.0 8,039.0 7,700.6 7,687.1 7,692.2 7,694.3 7,708.6 7,711.2 2.6 Local government, excluding education.................... 6,040.3 6,014.2 6,031.6 6,042.0 6,107.9 6,109.7 6,112.7 6,110.8 6,114.1 6,115.8 1.7 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. from: 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004p 2004p Mar. 2004- Apr. 2004p Total private......................... 33.4 33.8 33.5 33.4 33.6 33.6 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.7 0.0 Goods-producing........................... 39.3 39.8 40.1 39.7 39.4 39.9 40.2 40.3 40.2 40.0 -.2 Natural resources and mining.................. 43.0 43.6 44.0 43.9 43.3 43.6 44.5 44.1 44.3 44.2 -.1 Construction.................................. 37.5 37.3 38.4 37.7 37.8 38.1 38.5 38.5 38.7 38.3 -.4 Manufacturing................................. 39.9 40.8 40.8 40.5 40.1 40.6 41.0 41.0 40.9 40.6 -.3 Overtime hours............................. 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 -.1 Durable goods................................ 40.2 41.3 41.4 41.1 40.3 41.2 41.5 41.5 41.3 41.1 -.2 Overtime hours............................. 3.9 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.0 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 -.1 Wood products............................... 39.9 40.4 40.6 40.8 40.0 41.0 40.9 41.1 40.9 40.9 .0 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 41.8 41.5 42.5 42.4 41.9 42.3 42.5 42.5 42.9 42.5 -.4 Primary metals.............................. 42.2 42.9 43.1 43.2 42.1 42.7 43.1 43.0 43.0 43.1 .1 Fabricated metal products................... 40.1 41.1 41.0 40.8 40.3 40.8 41.2 41.2 41.0 41.0 .0 Machinery................................... 40.4 41.9 41.8 41.5 40.5 41.1 41.8 41.8 41.6 41.4 -.2 Computer and electronic products............ 39.8 41.1 40.8 40.4 40.1 40.4 40.8 41.2 40.7 40.6 -.1 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 40.0 40.6 40.6 40.0 40.1 40.7 41.1 40.7 40.7 40.4 -.3 Transportation equipment.................... 41.3 42.9 43.0 42.3 41.1 42.7 42.8 42.9 42.8 42.3 -.5 Furniture and related products.............. 37.9 39.1 39.4 39.4 38.0 39.7 39.7 39.4 39.5 39.4 -.1 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 37.9 38.8 38.7 38.2 38.0 38.5 39.0 38.7 38.5 38.2 -.3 Nondurable goods............................. 39.5 40.0 40.0 39.7 39.7 39.9 40.2 40.3 40.1 39.9 -.2 Overtime hours............................. 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.3 .1 Food manufacturing.......................... 38.8 38.8 38.7 38.2 39.3 39.1 39.5 39.4 39.2 38.9 -.3 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 39.3 39.3 39.1 39.4 39.5 39.1 39.6 40.3 39.6 39.6 .0 Textile mills............................... 39.5 40.1 40.7 39.6 39.0 39.7 40.0 40.0 40.2 39.3 -.9 Textile product mills....................... 38.6 39.5 38.8 38.6 38.5 39.8 39.4 39.9 38.8 38.4 -.4 Apparel..................................... 35.6 36.1 36.5 36.4 35.6 35.8 35.7 36.2 36.2 36.1 -.1 Leather and allied products................. 39.8 39.5 40.0 39.7 39.3 40.3 39.8 39.5 39.6 39.5 -.1 Paper and paper products.................... 41.3 41.7 41.7 41.7 41.5 41.8 41.9 42.0 41.9 41.8 -.1 Printing and related support activities..... 37.8 38.4 38.6 38.3 37.9 38.2 38.6 38.6 38.4 38.4 .0 Petroleum and coal products................. 44.0 44.2 43.5 43.1 44.0 44.2 43.8 44.1 43.6 43.5 -.1 Chemicals................................... 42.2 43.3 43.1 42.6 42.3 42.5 42.9 43.2 43.0 43.0 .0 Plastics and rubber products................ 39.9 40.7 40.8 40.7 39.9 40.4 40.8 40.9 40.9 40.7 -.2 Private service-providing................ 32.1 32.6 32.1 32.1 32.3 32.2 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.4 .1 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.2 33.5 33.2 33.2 33.5 33.5 33.6 33.7 33.5 33.5 .0 Wholesale trade.............................. 37.5 38.1 37.6 37.7 37.7 37.8 37.9 38.0 37.9 37.9 .0 Retail trade................................. 30.6 30.6 30.4 30.4 30.9 30.8 31.0 30.9 30.8 30.8 .0 Transportation and warehousing............... 36.1 37.0 36.6 36.5 36.5 36.7 36.9 37.2 36.9 36.9 .0 Utilities.................................... 41.1 41.1 40.9 40.9 41.0 40.8 40.8 41.0 41.1 41.1 .0 Information................................... 35.9 36.5 35.9 35.9 36.2 36.2 36.2 36.3 36.2 36.2 .0 Financial activities.......................... 35.2 36.1 35.2 35.3 35.5 35.3 35.7 35.5 35.5 35.6 .1 Professional and business services............ 34.0 34.5 34.0 34.0 34.0 33.8 34.1 34.2 34.0 34.1 .1 Education and health services................. 32.1 32.6 32.2 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 .0 Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.3 25.8 25.4 25.4 25.6 25.6 25.7 25.8 25.7 25.7 .0 Other services................................ 31.1 31.2 30.9 30.8 31.4 31.0 31.1 31.1 31.1 31.1 .0 1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2004 2004p 2004p Total private........................... $15.27 $15.60 $15.55 $15.59 $510.02 $527.28 $520.93 $520.71 Seasonally adjusted.................... 15.25 15.52 15.54 15.59 512.40 524.58 523.70 525.38 Goods-producing............................. 16.66 16.95 17.00 17.09 654.74 674.61 681.70 678.47 Natural resources and mining.................... 17.68 18.05 18.15 18.13 760.24 786.98 798.60 795.91 Construction.................................... 18.84 19.07 19.06 19.14 706.50 711.31 731.90 721.58 Manufacturing................................... 15.63 15.99 16.01 16.07 623.64 652.39 653.21 650.84 Durable goods.................................. 16.32 16.68 16.69 16.72 656.06 688.88 690.97 687.19 Wood products................................. 12.49 12.91 12.93 12.99 498.35 521.56 524.96 529.99 Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 15.69 16.00 16.03 16.33 655.84 664.00 681.28 692.39 Primary metals................................ 18.05 18.36 18.34 18.54 761.71 787.64 790.45 800.93 Fabricated metal products..................... 14.95 15.18 15.25 15.22 599.50 623.90 625.25 620.98 Machinery..................................... 16.17 16.50 16.50 16.51 653.27 691.35 689.70 685.17 Computer and electronic products.............. 16.62 16.92 16.92 17.11 661.48 695.41 690.34 691.24 Electrical equipment and appliances........... 14.26 14.58 14.69 14.80 570.40 591.95 596.41 592.00 Transportation equipment...................... 20.95 21.37 21.34 21.33 865.24 916.77 917.62 902.26 Furniture and related products................ 12.89 12.92 12.95 13.06 488.53 505.17 510.23 514.56 Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 13.20 13.75 13.77 13.59 500.28 533.50 532.90 519.14 Nondurable goods............................... 14.55 14.88 14.90 15.02 574.73 595.20 596.00 596.29 Food manufacturing............................ 12.75 12.87 12.90 13.00 494.70 499.36 499.23 496.60 Beverages and tobacco products................ 17.86 18.76 19.24 19.90 701.90 737.27 752.28 784.06 Textile mills................................. 11.95 12.13 12.09 12.21 472.03 486.41 492.06 483.52 Textile product mills......................... 11.12 11.40 11.37 11.15 429.23 450.30 441.16 430.39 Apparel....................................... 9.46 9.58 9.60 9.71 336.78 345.84 350.40 353.44 Leather and allied products................... 11.72 11.76 11.68 11.73 466.46 464.52 467.20 465.68 Paper and paper products...................... 17.25 17.55 17.59 17.86 712.43 731.84 733.50 744.76 Printing and related support activities....... 15.33 15.57 15.63 15.53 579.47 597.89 603.32 594.80 Petroleum and coal products................... 23.86 24.32 24.83 24.69 1049.84 1074.94 1080.11 1064.14 Chemicals..................................... 18.34 18.85 18.83 19.04 773.95 816.21 811.57 811.10 Plastics and rubber products.................. 14.09 14.45 14.46 14.60 562.19 588.12 589.97 594.22 Private service-providing.................. 14.91 15.24 15.16 15.20 478.61 496.82 486.64 487.92 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.32 14.58 14.54 14.62 475.42 488.43 482.73 485.38 Wholesale trade................................ 17.29 17.60 17.48 17.61 648.38 670.56 657.25 663.90 Retail trade................................... 11.89 12.04 12.04 12.08 363.83 368.42 366.02 367.23 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.17 16.58 16.52 16.74 583.74 613.46 604.63 611.01 Utilities...................................... 24.54 25.29 25.36 25.31 1008.59 1039.42 1037.22 1035.18 Information..................................... 20.89 21.28 21.19 21.35 749.95 776.72 760.72 766.47 Financial activities............................ 16.96 17.47 17.38 17.48 596.99 630.67 611.78 617.04 Professional and business services.............. 17.19 17.47 17.29 17.27 584.46 602.72 587.86 587.18 Education and health services................... 15.48 15.95 15.93 15.96 496.91 519.97 512.95 513.91 Leisure and hospitality......................... 8.71 8.92 8.89 8.86 220.36 230.14 225.81 225.04 Other services.................................. 13.82 13.90 13.85 13.87 429.80 433.68 427.97 427.20 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change from: 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004p 2004p Mar. 2004- Apr. 2004p Total private: Current dollars........................ $15.25 $15.45 $15.49 $15.52 $15.54 $15.59 0.3 Constant (1982) dollars(2)............. 8.23 8.30 8.27 8.27 8.24 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............................. 16.71 16.97 17.00 17.06 17.09 17.14 .3 Natural resources and mining.................... 17.60 17.91 17.95 18.01 18.07 18.06 -.1 Construction.................................... 18.90 19.04 19.11 19.18 19.17 19.22 .3 Manufacturing................................... 15.64 15.93 15.94 15.99 16.02 16.08 .4 Excluding overtime(4)........................ 14.90 15.09 15.11 15.14 15.17 15.24 .5 Durable goods.................................. 16.35 16.64 16.63 16.68 16.70 16.76 .4 Nondurable goods............................... 14.54 14.81 14.85 14.89 14.93 15.01 .5 Private service-providing.................. 14.86 15.05 15.08 15.10 15.13 15.17 .3 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.24 14.41 14.45 14.49 14.50 14.57 .5 Wholesale trade................................ 17.29 17.46 17.53 17.54 17.55 17.61 .3 Retail trade................................... 11.81 11.95 11.95 11.98 11.99 12.02 .3 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.15 16.33 16.46 16.52 16.53 16.71 1.1 Utilities...................................... 24.44 25.13 25.32 25.35 25.38 25.42 .2 Information..................................... 20.89 20.99 21.15 21.24 21.27 21.38 .5 Financial activities............................ 16.95 17.30 17.35 17.32 17.42 17.48 .3 Professional and business services.............. 17.20 17.25 17.24 17.25 17.27 17.30 .2 Education and health services................... 15.45 15.81 15.87 15.90 15.94 15.95 .1 Leisure and hospitality......................... 8.73 8.84 8.85 8.86 8.87 8.88 .1 Other services.................................. 13.78 13.80 13.84 13.84 13.86 13.83 -.2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -0.4 percent from Feb. 2004 to Mar. 2004, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change from: 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004p 2004p Mar. 2004- Apr. 2004p Total private......................... 97.1 97.3 97.3 98.2 98.3 98.4 99.1 99.2 99.2 99.5 0.3 Goods-producing........................... 93.5 91.8 93.7 94.4 95.0 95.2 96.0 96.2 96.3 96.1 -.2 Natural resources and mining.................. 93.0 94.1 97.3 98.4 96.0 97.1 99.1 98.2 100.8 101.5 .7 Construction.................................. 92.8 88.4 93.8 96.1 96.5 98.2 99.7 99.6 100.9 100.0 -.9 Manufacturing................................. 93.6 93.2 93.6 93.4 94.5 93.6 94.4 94.5 94.3 93.8 -.5 Durable goods................................ 93.4 93.9 94.6 94.5 93.7 94.1 94.8 94.9 94.5 94.3 -.2 Wood products............................... 95.9 96.3 96.8 98.2 96.8 99.2 98.7 99.7 99.0 99.0 .0 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 92.4 88.6 92.6 95.2 93.8 93.6 95.5 95.0 96.1 95.9 -.2 Primary metals.............................. 94.8 91.5 92.0 92.5 94.6 91.7 92.1 92.0 91.8 92.2 .4 Fabricated metal products................... 94.3 96.0 95.8 96.4 95.0 95.0 96.1 96.5 96.0 96.9 .9 Machinery................................... 94.0 95.7 95.9 95.3 93.8 93.5 94.9 95.1 95.0 94.8 -.2 Computer and electronic products............ 92.0 90.8 90.5 88.8 92.9 89.4 90.2 90.8 89.9 88.9 -1.1 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 92.4 88.6 88.8 87.4 92.4 90.0 90.6 89.0 88.6 87.6 -1.1 Transportation equipment.................... 93.6 97.5 98.1 96.9 93.1 96.8 97.3 97.7 97.4 96.6 -.8 Furniture and related products.............. 90.3 92.3 94.0 95.0 90.8 94.1 94.4 93.8 94.7 95.0 .3 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 93.7 91.4 91.6 91.3 93.9 91.6 92.4 91.9 91.3 90.8 -.5 Nondurable goods............................. 94.1 92.0 92.4 91.9 95.3 93.2 93.6 93.8 93.4 93.0 -.4 Food manufacturing.......................... 94.9 94.2 94.0 92.5 98.4 97.1 97.7 97.6 97.2 96.5 -.7 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 86.7 83.4 83.4 85.8 89.1 87.4 88.8 88.5 87.4 87.6 .2 Textile mills............................... 90.7 78.8 81.0 78.7 89.1 80.4 80.3 79.5 79.8 77.4 -3.0 Textile product mills....................... 93.2 90.8 92.2 94.1 92.6 91.9 92.4 93.1 92.4 92.8 .4 Apparel..................................... 84.5 77.1 79.4 79.2 84.8 77.6 77.2 78.8 78.6 78.4 -.3 Leather and allied products................. 96.4 90.7 93.4 95.3 94.7 92.2 91.4 91.7 92.2 92.7 .5 Paper and paper products.................... 92.5 89.9 90.0 90.4 93.7 91.5 91.3 91.2 91.3 91.3 .0 Printing and related support activities..... 94.4 92.8 93.4 92.4 94.9 93.6 94.2 93.9 93.1 92.9 -.2 Petroleum and coal products................. 96.2 95.7 96.4 95.1 96.8 97.8 99.0 98.6 98.2 96.9 -1.3 Chemicals................................... 99.5 100.2 99.7 98.7 99.5 98.6 99.0 99.9 99.3 99.4 .1 Plastics and rubber products................ 95.0 94.1 94.5 94.8 94.9 94.0 94.6 94.9 94.8 94.6 -.2 Private service-providing................ 98.1 99.0 98.4 99.4 99.1 99.1 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.6 .6 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 96.6 96.8 96.5 97.1 98.6 98.0 98.7 99.1 98.8 98.9 .1 Wholesale trade.............................. 97.3 97.4 96.7 97.4 98.1 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.0 98.1 .1 Retail trade................................. 96.5 96.1 96.0 96.7 99.0 98.3 99.4 99.2 99.2 99.3 .1 Transportation and warehousing............... 96.2 98.1 97.8 97.9 98.0 97.6 98.8 99.8 99.5 99.5 .0 Utilities.................................... 97.7 97.4 97.2 97.1 97.9 97.2 97.4 97.7 98.1 98.1 .0 Information................................... 96.2 98.0 96.9 97.3 97.1 97.5 97.1 97.8 97.7 98.2 .5 Financial activities.......................... 100.1 102.0 99.6 100.0 101.3 100.7 101.7 101.0 100.9 101.1 .2 Professional and business services............ 97.5 98.9 98.6 100.7 97.9 98.7 99.7 100.1 100.0 101.2 1.2 Education and health services................. 101.3 103.4 102.7 103.0 101.0 102.1 102.1 102.2 102.4 102.6 .2 Leisure and hospitality....................... 97.1 96.6 97.1 99.6 99.4 100.2 100.8 101.4 101.2 101.6 .4 Other services................................ 96.4 95.2 95.1 95.3 97.4 95.4 95.8 95.7 96.1 96.3 .2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change from: 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004p 2004p Mar. 2004- Apr. 2004p Total private......................... 99.3 101.5 101.3 102.4 100.3 101.7 102.7 103.0 103.1 103.7 0.6 Goods-producing........................... 95.4 95.3 97.6 98.8 97.2 98.9 99.9 100.5 100.8 100.8 .0 Natural resources and mining.................. 95.6 98.8 102.7 103.8 98.2 101.1 103.4 102.9 105.9 106.6 .7 Construction.................................. 94.4 91.0 96.6 99.3 98.5 100.9 102.9 103.2 104.4 103.8 -.6 Manufacturing................................. 95.7 97.5 98.1 98.1 96.6 97.5 98.4 98.8 98.8 98.6 -.2 Durable goods................................ 95.1 97.8 98.5 98.6 95.6 97.8 98.4 98.9 98.5 98.7 .2 Nondurable goods............................. 96.7 96.7 97.3 97.5 97.9 97.5 98.2 98.6 98.5 98.6 .1 Private service-providing................ 100.5 103.7 102.4 103.8 101.2 102.5 103.5 103.7 103.9 104.8 .9 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 98.7 100.7 100.1 101.3 100.2 100.7 101.7 102.4 102.2 102.8 .6 Wholesale trade.............................. 99.1 101.0 99.5 101.1 99.9 100.2 100.9 101.3 101.3 101.8 .5 Retail trade................................. 98.4 99.2 99.0 100.1 100.3 100.7 101.8 101.9 102.0 102.3 .3 Transportation and warehousing............... 98.7 103.2 102.5 104.0 100.4 101.1 103.2 104.6 104.3 105.5 1.2 Utilities.................................... 100.1 102.8 102.9 102.6 99.8 101.9 102.9 103.4 103.9 104.0 .1 Information................................... 99.5 103.3 101.6 102.9 100.4 101.3 101.6 102.8 102.8 104.0 1.2 Financial activities.......................... 105.0 110.2 107.0 108.1 106.2 107.7 109.1 108.2 108.7 109.3 .6 Professional and business services............ 99.8 102.8 101.5 103.5 100.2 101.3 102.3 102.8 102.8 104.2 1.4 Education and health services................. 103.1 108.4 107.5 108.0 102.6 106.1 106.5 106.8 107.3 107.6 .3 Leisure and hospitality....................... 98.6 100.5 100.6 102.9 101.1 103.3 104.0 104.7 104.7 105.2 .5 Other services................................ 97.1 96.4 96.0 96.3 97.8 96.0 96.6 96.5 97.1 97.0 -.1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2000 .............. 61.9 62.9 63.3 59.5 46.9 61.7 63.1 52.5 51.1 53.4 56.8 53.8 2001 .............. 52.2 47.8 50.4 34.4 41.4 39.2 37.1 38.8 38.3 32.4 36.7 34.9 2002 .............. 40.1 35.1 41.0 41.5 41.7 47.8 44.1 44.1 42.8 39.0 38.7 34.5 2003 .............. 41.2 35.1 38.1 41.4 42.8 40.1 40.5 39.7 49.3 46.0 51.1 49.1 2004 .............. 52.3 56.1 p64.0 p61.7 Over 3-month span: 2000 .............. 69.2 66.2 67.8 68.3 60.1 58.1 56.3 61.5 56.5 53.2 52.9 56.8 2001 .............. 52.7 50.4 50.4 43.5 38.8 34.9 36.2 37.9 34.7 35.3 30.8 32.0 2002 .............. 34.0 37.4 35.1 36.2 36.7 39.4 39.9 40.8 38.7 37.1 34.4 34.7 2003 .............. 36.5 32.6 36.3 35.1 40.5 42.6 37.4 35.4 40.1 45.5 50.5 51.1 2004 .............. 54.0 55.2 p59.9 p64.0 Over 6-month span: 2000 .............. 67.3 69.1 72.5 72.5 67.4 67.8 66.7 60.8 59.0 55.0 59.7 54.0 2001 .............. 51.8 50.0 51.8 47.3 43.5 41.5 38.1 35.4 32.2 33.1 31.5 31.1 2002 .............. 29.5 30.0 31.1 31.1 31.7 37.1 37.2 39.0 34.7 36.5 35.3 33.3 2003 .............. 33.6 31.1 31.7 31.7 33.5 37.8 36.2 36.5 40.5 39.4 42.6 41.7 2004 .............. 48.9 54.1 p58.5 p61.5 Over 12-month span: 2000 .............. 70.9 69.2 73.2 71.0 69.8 71.0 70.0 70.3 70.3 65.6 63.8 62.1 2001 .............. 59.5 59.5 53.4 49.3 48.6 45.0 43.3 43.9 39.9 37.8 37.1 34.9 2002 .............. 33.6 31.7 30.2 30.4 30.2 29.1 32.0 31.3 30.0 29.5 32.9 34.7 2003 .............. 34.5 31.5 32.9 33.5 36.2 34.4 34.7 33.1 37.6 37.4 33.1 35.4 2004 .............. 37.8 43.2 p47.1 p51.3 Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2000 .............. 48.2 58.3 50.0 50.0 41.1 57.1 60.7 28.6 25.0 35.1 39.9 41.1 2001 .............. 22.6 22.0 21.4 16.1 15.5 23.2 13.7 14.3 19.0 17.9 14.9 10.1 2002 .............. 21.4 18.5 23.8 35.1 29.8 32.7 40.5 28.0 31.0 11.9 15.5 17.9 2003 .............. 26.2 15.5 22.6 13.7 26.2 25.0 28.0 26.2 27.4 28.6 51.2 45.8 2004 .............. 42.9 55.4 p51.8 p55.4 Over 3-month span: 2000 .............. 53.6 53.6 56.0 54.8 44.0 44.0 51.2 47.6 32.7 25.0 23.2 38.7 2001 .............. 35.7 21.4 16.1 14.3 13.1 13.7 11.9 8.9 8.3 13.1 8.9 10.1 2002 .............. 9.5 10.1 11.3 17.9 17.3 19.0 28.0 22.0 23.8 15.5 6.5 4.8 2003 .............. 13.7 13.1 16.7 10.1 13.1 14.9 16.1 16.1 16.1 24.4 27.4 41.7 2004 .............. 48.8 51.8 p53.6 p54.2 Over 6-month span: 2000 .............. 44.0 52.4 55.4 57.7 47.6 51.8 56.0 45.2 39.3 34.5 32.1 27.4 2001 .............. 22.0 23.8 22.0 20.8 14.3 13.7 14.3 10.1 10.7 5.4 7.1 4.8 2002 .............. 6.5 8.9 7.7 8.3 7.7 14.3 14.9 10.7 12.5 10.1 8.9 8.9 2003 .............. 11.3 9.5 6.0 7.1 8.9 13.1 8.9 13.1 13.1 16.7 19.0 19.6 2004 .............. 28.6 36.9 p44.0 p52.4 Over 12-month span: 2000 .............. 41.7 39.3 47.0 50.0 46.4 52.4 51.8 49.4 46.4 40.5 35.1 33.3 2001 .............. 29.8 32.1 20.8 19.0 13.1 12.5 10.7 11.9 11.9 10.1 8.3 6.0 2002 .............. 7.1 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.1 3.6 4.8 6.0 4.8 7.1 4.8 8.3 2003 .............. 10.7 6.0 6.5 5.4 8.3 9.5 9.5 9.5 10.7 11.9 9.5 11.3 2004 .............. 9.5 19.0 p17.3 p26.2 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.