Internet address: http://stat.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 98-252 Employment (202) 606-6559 Unemployment 606-6392 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, June 19, 1998 REGIONAL AND STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: MAY 1998 Regional and state unemployment rates in May generally continued at the low levels recorded in the early months of this year. After declining in April, the four regions showed virtually no change over the month. Forty- three states registered shifts of 0.3 percentage point or less, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported. The national jobless rate remained at 4.3 percent. Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 40 states and the District of Columbia. Regional Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted) Among the regions, the Midwest continued to report the lowest unemployment rate, 3.5 percent in May, while the West again had the highest rate, 5.2 percent. Compared with last May, all regions experienced unemployment rate declines: the Northeast by -0.8 percentage point, the South by -0.7 point, the Midwest by -0.5 point, and the West by -0.4 point. (See table 1.) Among the nine divisions, the West North Central again posted the lowest unemployment rate (3.2 percent), while the Pacific again reported the highest rate (5.6 percent). Over the month, unemployment rates were very stable, with no division reporting a shift of greater than 0.3 percentage point. Compared with a year earlier, unemployment rates were lower in all divisions, with the largest decreases occurring in the East South Central division (-1.2 points) and New England and the West South Central division (-0.8 point each). State Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted) In May, 27 states reported jobless rates below the U.S. average, while 21 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates. The seven states with the lowest unemployment rates were in the Midwest. Nebraska and North Dakota registered the lowest rates, 2.0 and 2.1 percent, respectively, followed by Iowa (2.3 percent), Minnesota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin (2.7 percent each), and Indiana (2.9 percent). Seven other states had rates below 3.5 percent. In May, four states recorded new lows in unemployment rates for the current series: Florida, Idaho, Illinois, and Iowa. (Virtually all regional and state series begin in 1978.) The highest rates were in New Mexico (6.5 percent), West Virginia (6.4 percent), Alaska (5.9 percent), and California and Hawaii (both 5.8 percent). The District of Columbia recorded a jobless rate of 8.1 percent. (See table 3 and chart 1.) Unemployment rates decreased over the month in 22 states and the District of Columbia, increased in 24 states, and were unchanged in 4 states. Among the states, Tennessee experienced the largest unemployment - 2 - rate decline (-0.5 percentage point), followed by Idaho and North Carolina (both -0.4 point). The District of Columbia’s rate decreased by 0.8 percentage point. The largest increases over the month occurred in Massachusetts (0.6 percentage point), Hawaii (0.5 point), and Ohio and South Carolina (both 0.4 point). Compared with May 1997, unemployment rates were lower in 45 states and higher in 5 states and the District of Columbia. The largest over-the-year declines occurred in Alaska (-2.0 percentage points), Maine (-1.7 points), Connecticut (-1.5 points), and Kentucky and South Carolina (-1.4 points each). Eight other states had decreases of at least 1.0 percentage point, and 20 additional states reported declines of 0.5 point or more. The most notable increases occurred in Nevada and New Mexico, where the rates rose by 0.6 and 0.5 percentage points, respectively. Nonfarm Payroll Employment (Seasonally Adjusted) Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 40 states and the District of Columbia in May. West Virginia had the highest growth rate (1.0 percent), followed by Montana, Oklahoma, and Wyoming (0.7 percent each). Employment growth was unusually strong in West Virginia due to the hiring of temporary poll workers for May primary elections. California added the most jobs (41,800). (See table 5.) Over the year, California (436,100), Texas (311,500), and Florida (251,600) added the most jobs. Arizona (4.6 percent), South Carolina (4.3 percent), and Nevada (4.1 percent) had the largest percentage increases over the year, while only Hawaii (-0.6 percent) and the District of Columbia (-0.5 percent) showed decreases. Seven states have added jobs in each of the past 12 months, and another 10 states have added jobs in 11 of those 12 months. (See chart 2.) __________________ The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment release for May is scheduled to be issued on July 1. The Regional and State Employment and Unemployment release for June is scheduled to be issued on July 17. Technical Note This release presents labor force and unemployment data for census regions and divisions, states, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New York City from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1-4). Also presented are nonfarm payroll employment estimates by state and major industry from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 5 and 6). The LAUS and CES programs are both Federal-State cooperative endeavors. Labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the Bureau of the Census. The labor force includes both the employed and the unemployed. Employed persons are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the survey reference week (the week including the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not working who have a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor- management dispute, illness, or vacation. Unemployed persons are those who did not work at all (in the reference week), have actively looked for a job (sometime in the 4-week period ending with the survey reference week), and are currently available for work; persons on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. Method of estimation. Effective January 1996, estimates for all states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New York City are produced using estimating equations based on regression techniques. This method utilizes data from several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) data. A detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request. Effective January 1998, estimates for census regions and divisions are obtained by summing the model-based estimates for the component states and then calculating the unemployment rate. Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data shown for the prior year reflect adjustments made at the end of each year, usually with January estimates. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data from the Bureau of the Census and any revisions in the other data sources. In addition, data for all states, the District of Columbia, and the two large sub-state areas noted are adjusted annually to equal the CPS annual averages, usually effective with January estimates. The regional and state data will not sum to national totals obtained from the CPS, since the monthly state estimates are not based directly on the CPS. Seasonal adjustment. Seasonal adjustment of state (and Los Angeles- Long Beach and New York City) labor force levels are computed by aggregating independently seasonally adjusted employment and unemployment levels. Unemployment rates are then computed from these independently adjusted levels. Region and division levels are calculated as the sum of the levels of the component states. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years are usually made at the beginning of each calendar year, usually coincident with January estimates. Employment--from the CES program Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month, except for federal government employment, which represents the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal product or activity in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual. Method of estimation. The employment data are estimated using a "link relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative) of current-month employment to that of the previous month is computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these ratios. Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports which are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Seasonal adjustment. Seasonally adjusted payroll employment totals for states are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series for major industry divisions. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments. Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each individual state. BLS independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to national totals. Because each state series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them cumulates individual state level errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series, and cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure. Reliability of the estimates The estimates presented in this release are based on sample survey and administrative data and thus are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability--that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the special estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of rounding. With respect to the LAUS program, unemployment rates are computed, in most instances, from unrounded data rather than from data that may be displayed in the tables; differences, however, are generally insignificant. Labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling error, in the form of standard errors for state annual average estimates derived from the CPS, are available in the annual BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment. Measures of nonsampling error for CPS data are not available, but additional information on the subject is provided in the BLS monthly periodical, Employment and Earnings. Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not available for state CES data, but the relatively large size of the samples maintained by the state agencies and the annual adjustment of employment estimates to more recent benchmark levels assure a high degree of accuracy. Information on recent benchmark revisions for states is available upon request. Additional information More complete information on the technical procedures used to develop these estimates and additional data appear in Employment and Earnings, which is available by subscription for $35.00 a year from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (telephone 202-512-1800), and from the BLS Handbook of Methods, Bulletin 2490, August 1997. Estimates of labor force and unemployment for over 330 metropolitan areas are available in the news release, Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of labor force, employment, and unemployment for all states, metropolitan areas, labor market areas, counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and other areas used in the administration of various federal economic assistance programs are provided in the report, Unemployment in States and Local Areas, which is available monthly in microfiche form by subscription from the U.S. Government Printing Office for $41.00 a year. The order number for a subscription is 029-001-81003-2. These data also are available from the BLS Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm). Employment data from the CES program are available at http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1 Unemployed Civilian labor force Census region and Number Percent of labor force division May Mar. Apr. May 1997 1998 1998 1998 May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May 1997 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1998 1998 Northeast........... 26,126.6 26,105.9 26,045.2 26,056.5 1,433.2 1,308.4 1,219.2 1,227.4 5.5 5.0 4.7 4.7 New England....... 7,120.1 7,139.0 7,103.1 7,122.6 323.4 276.2 243.1 263.0 4.5 3.9 3.4 3.7 Middle Atlantic... 19,006.6 18,966.9 18,942.1 18,933.9 1,109.9 1,032.2 976.1 964.4 5.8 5.4 5.2 5.1 South............... 47,041.6 47,879.6 47,935.3 47,974.2 2,366.3 2,118.6 2,069.5 2,042.8 5.0 4.4 4.3 4.3 South Atlantic.... 24,325.9 24,763.1 24,800.5 24,785.1 1,128.4 1,042.5 1,013.6 996.5 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.0 East South Central 8,051.5 8,167.0 8,148.8 8,146.8 439.9 382.8 357.7 354.0 5.5 4.7 4.4 4.3 West South Central 14,664.2 14,949.5 14,986.1 15,042.2 798.0 693.3 698.1 692.2 5.4 4.6 4.7 4.6 Midwest............. 32,851.3 33,383.1 33,299.7 33,298.7 1,311.2 1,256.6 1,131.8 1,168.5 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.5 East North Central 22,795.0 23,134.0 23,025.2 23,012.1 952.0 924.3 811.1 840.6 4.2 4.0 3.5 3.7 West North Central 10,056.3 10,249.1 10,274.4 10,286.6 359.3 332.3 320.7 327.9 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.2 West................ 29,872.3 30,617.8 30,604.4 30,677.5 1,670.5 1,613.7 1,604.0 1,589.7 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.2 Mountain.......... 8,341.8 8,685.1 8,711.3 8,710.5 359.6 368.1 374.8 361.5 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.2 Pacific........... 21,530.5 21,932.8 21,893.1 21,967.0 1,310.9 1,245.6 1,229.2 1,228.1 6.1 5.7 5.6 5.6 1 These estimates are obtained by summing the state estimates. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census regions and divisions, not seasonally adjusted1 Unemployed Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force Census region and division April May April May April May 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 Northeast........... 25,868.3 25,817.4 26,021.2 25,952.7 1,405.8 1,190.6 1,398.1 1,192.7 5.4 4.6 5.4 4.6 New England....... 7,041.8 7,031.2 7,087.3 7,090.2 323.1 239.1 305.8 245.6 4.6 3.4 4.3 3.5 Middle Atlantic... 18,826.6 18,786.2 18,933.9 18,862.5 1,082.6 951.5 1,092.3 947.1 5.8 5.1 5.8 5.0 South............... 46,642.2 47,624.7 46,965.6 47,903.7 2,187.7 1,905.9 2,252.8 1,934.3 4.7 4.0 4.8 4.0 South Atlantic.... 24,114.7 24,639.1 24,336.5 24,799.1 1,037.9 929.7 1,083.4 951.7 4.3 3.8 4.5 3.8 East South Central 7,976.6 8,086.5 8,028.9 8,125.1 410.6 331.7 416.3 330.9 5.1 4.1 5.2 4.1 West South Central 14,550.8 14,899.1 14,600.2 14,979.5 739.2 644.5 753.0 651.7 5.1 4.3 5.2 4.4 Midwest............. 32,609.7 33,071.9 32,867.9 33,319.5 1,336.3 1,115.6 1,216.2 1,075.4 4.1 3.4 3.7 3.2 East North Central 22,592.4 22,835.1 22,810.1 23,029.3 971.3 801.6 894.4 782.9 4.3 3.5 3.9 3.4 West North Central 10,017.4 10,236.7 10,057.8 10,290.2 365.0 314.0 321.8 292.5 3.6 3.1 3.2 2.8 West................ 29,602.7 30,374.5 29,750.2 30,553.8 1,656.1 1,554.0 1,575.7 1,493.1 5.6 5.1 5.3 4.9 Mountain.......... 8,235.8 8,619.8 8,308.5 8,677.6 345.6 350.2 344.8 346.7 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 Pacific........... 21,366.9 21,754.7 21,441.7 21,876.3 1,310.5 1,203.8 1,230.8 1,146.4 6.1 5.5 5.7 5.2 1 These estimates are obtained by summing the state estimates. The composition of the regions and divisions is described in table 1. NOTE: All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 3. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, seasonally adjusted (Number in thousands) Unemployed Civilian labor force State and Area Number Percent of labor force May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p Alabama................ 2,185.8 2,149.9 2,137.4 2,145.3 114.2 89.9 78.7 86.6 5.2 4.2 3.7 4.0 Alaska................. 314.3 317.4 316.3 318.5 24.9 19.0 18.1 18.9 7.9 6.0 5.7 5.9 Arizona................ 2,140.7 2,263.3 2,269.5 2,262.1 101.6 99.0 99.6 92.4 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.1 Arkansas............... 1,196.6 1,248.9 1,249.5 1,246.9 61.5 70.1 65.1 64.4 5.1 5.6 5.2 5.2 California............. 15,935.7 16,218.2 16,215.1 16,234.5 1,007.8 980.0 964.0 948.2 6.3 6.0 5.9 5.8 Los Angeles-Long Beach............. 4,478.7 4,622.1 4,587.3 4,562.8 307.7 294.0 295.6 287.3 6.9 6.4 6.4 6.3 Colorado............... 2,143.9 2,231.4 2,240.5 2,242.9 70.2 69.9 75.3 71.2 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.2 Connecticut............ 1,721.0 1,722.4 1,714.9 1,720.9 91.0 69.4 67.1 65.2 5.3 4.0 3.9 3.8 Delaware............... 376.4 393.2 393.2 394.0 16.0 13.6 14.9 16.2 4.3 3.5 3.8 4.1 District of Columbia... 256.9 260.6 268.4 267.0 19.7 24.2 23.8 21.7 7.7 9.3 8.9 8.1 Florida................ 7,061.5 7,269.7 7,302.6 7,296.0 341.5 346.4 342.9 323.2 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.4 Georgia................ 3,907.8 3,931.6 3,960.4 3,952.2 184.5 159.1 157.7 160.1 4.7 4.0 4.0 4.0 Hawaii................. 590.4 592.9 592.3 593.5 38.9 34.4 31.3 34.5 6.6 5.8 5.3 5.8 Idaho.................. 631.7 644.8 646.7 645.9 33.8 33.5 33.2 30.3 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.7 Illinois............... 6,111.1 6,189.1 6,142.1 6,131.3 271.2 280.0 255.9 241.0 4.4 4.5 4.2 3.9 Indiana................ 3,092.3 3,133.9 3,117.3 3,093.9 107.0 106.9 87.2 88.7 3.5 3.4 2.8 2.9 Iowa................... 1,575.2 1,588.6 1,582.9 1,581.7 51.1 41.5 38.2 36.6 3.2 2.6 2.4 2.3 Kansas................. 1,349.6 1,409.8 1,414.6 1,418.6 51.1 49.5 47.7 49.9 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.5 Kentucky............... 1,927.4 1,945.8 1,938.9 1,939.5 107.9 86.9 77.8 81.1 5.6 4.5 4.0 4.2 Louisiana.............. 2,022.1 2,033.2 2,054.4 2,079.8 130.2 95.8 113.8 109.5 6.4 4.7 5.5 5.3 Maine.................. 657.5 655.0 653.3 653.8 35.9 28.4 26.2 24.8 5.5 4.3 4.0 3.8 Maryland............... 2,790.6 2,796.9 2,793.0 2,783.9 143.9 130.4 125.0 126.7 5.2 4.7 4.5 4.6 Massachusetts.......... 3,266.9 3,268.4 3,244.7 3,262.6 134.4 121.9 95.8 118.7 4.1 3.7 3.0 3.6 Michigan............... 4,987.5 5,047.6 5,033.7 5,037.4 208.9 198.8 176.6 187.6 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.7 Minnesota.............. 2,608.9 2,684.1 2,693.6 2,696.8 87.6 77.1 69.4 73.7 3.4 2.9 2.6 2.7 Mississippi............ 1,258.0 1,289.9 1,282.4 1,283.4 71.1 75.4 68.3 65.9 5.7 5.8 5.3 5.1 Missouri............... 2,882.9 2,894.8 2,911.4 2,916.0 121.2 124.7 129.6 131.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Montana................ 452.3 461.8 462.6 464.6 24.1 25.0 25.4 25.8 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Nebraska............... 898.6 926.8 928.7 927.6 25.3 20.5 18.2 18.3 2.8 2.2 2.0 2.0 Nevada................. 878.2 909.6 914.5 915.6 35.6 42.4 44.1 42.7 4.1 4.7 4.8 4.7 New Hampshire.......... 644.7 652.0 653.5 654.7 20.7 19.3 18.6 19.6 3.2 3.0 2.8 3.0 New Jersey............. 4,200.0 4,192.5 4,188.9 4,183.5 216.8 214.0 214.1 208.7 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 New Mexico............. 815.8 841.7 842.7 843.1 49.1 54.0 52.1 54.9 6.0 6.4 6.2 6.5 New York............... 8,819.6 8,795.3 8,773.0 8,788.4 572.2 533.5 505.4 500.5 6.5 6.1 5.8 5.7 New York City........ 3,387.0 3,356.0 3,345.2 3,344.5 327.7 288.5 270.4 257.9 9.7 8.6 8.1 7.7 North Carolina......... 3,852.0 3,846.9 3,823.1 3,807.2 138.4 148.8 140.1 125.7 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.3 North Dakota........... 349.9 346.4 344.9 346.4 11.2 8.4 6.7 7.3 3.2 2.4 1.9 2.1 Ohio................... 5,684.7 5,805.8 5,784.3 5,800.3 257.4 247.5 222.0 245.0 4.5 4.3 3.8 4.2 Oklahoma............... 1,597.2 1,616.2 1,611.6 1,614.1 68.4 57.5 60.5 59.5 4.3 3.6 3.8 3.7 Oregon................. 1,705.3 1,778.5 1,769.2 1,775.8 96.4 87.2 89.9 92.9 5.7 4.9 5.1 5.2 Pennsylvania........... 5,986.9 5,979.1 5,980.2 5,962.0 320.9 284.8 256.6 255.2 5.4 4.8 4.3 4.3 Rhode Island........... 505.8 509.5 506.6 501.7 28.5 25.8 24.7 23.4 5.6 5.1 4.9 4.7 South Carolina......... 1,918.1 1,902.6 1,913.3 1,919.4 91.4 46.2 56.6 65.1 4.8 2.4 3.0 3.4 South Dakota........... 391.3 398.6 398.4 399.5 11.8 10.8 11.0 10.8 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.7 Tennessee.............. 2,680.3 2,781.4 2,790.0 2,778.6 146.6 130.7 132.9 120.4 5.5 4.7 4.8 4.3 Texas.................. 9,848.3 10,051.2 10,070.5 10,101.4 538.0 469.9 458.7 458.8 5.5 4.7 4.6 4.5 Utah................... 1,030.6 1,077.5 1,080.1 1,080.1 32.3 33.6 34.6 32.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 Vermont................ 324.2 331.8 330.2 328.9 12.8 11.4 10.6 11.2 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.4 Virginia............... 3,362.5 3,554.8 3,540.2 3,555.2 139.5 118.6 99.4 105.9 4.1 3.3 2.8 3.0 Washington............. 2,984.7 3,025.7 3,000.0 3,044.7 143.0 125.0 125.9 133.7 4.8 4.1 4.2 4.4 West Virginia.......... 800.1 807.0 806.2 810.1 53.5 55.1 53.4 51.9 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.4 Wisconsin.............. 2,919.4 2,957.6 2,947.9 2,949.2 107.5 91.1 69.4 78.3 3.7 3.1 2.4 2.7 Wyoming................ 248.5 255.0 254.8 256.3 12.7 10.7 10.5 11.3 5.1 4.2 4.1 4.4 Puerto Rico............ 1,307.7 1,328.1 1,319.6 1,336.6 175.1 179.7 174.7 170.0 13.4 13.5 13.2 12.7 p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 4. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployed Civilian labor force State Number Percent of labor force April May April May April May 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p Alabama................ 2,177.3 2,134.3 2,180.3 2,140.2 108.1 72.8 103.4 75.9 5.0 3.4 4.7 3.5 Alaska................. 310.2 310.8 313.6 317.8 27.1 18.8 24.3 18.5 8.7 6.1 7.8 5.8 Arizona................ 2,117.5 2,244.5 2,139.7 2,261.6 91.2 85.6 96.7 87.6 4.3 3.8 4.5 3.9 Arkansas............... 1,195.7 1,246.4 1,202.5 1,252.5 58.6 60.6 59.1 61.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 California............. 15,803.9 16,109.3 15,858.8 16,155.8 991.6 936.8 945.2 883.8 6.3 5.8 6.0 5.5 Los Angeles-Long Beach............. 4,451.6 4,562.3 4,464.8 4,548.5 302.8 284.8 298.3 277.4 6.8 6.2 6.7 6.1 Colorado............... 2,102.8 2,205.2 2,128.9 2,228.2 64.6 67.6 71.1 72.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 Connecticut............ 1,707.6 1,700.2 1,716.6 1,716.1 88.5 62.4 89.6 63.7 5.2 3.7 5.2 3.7 Delaware............... 371.9 388.9 373.0 390.5 14.6 13.2 13.6 13.8 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.5 District of Columbia... 255.0 265.2 253.8 263.8 18.2 22.1 19.2 21.3 7.2 8.3 7.6 8.1 Florida................ 6,983.1 7,242.5 7,077.5 7,313.3 316.7 317.5 330.1 312.5 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.3 Georgia................ 3,876.7 3,940.6 3,893.8 3,940.2 166.7 141.7 172.5 148.0 4.3 3.6 4.4 3.8 Hawaii................. 590.9 592.7 588.5 591.2 39.2 31.7 38.9 34.5 6.6 5.3 6.6 5.8 Idaho.................. 623.4 639.9 632.7 646.8 36.0 35.1 32.6 29.1 5.8 5.5 5.2 4.5 Illinois............... 6,076.9 6,109.4 6,099.0 6,120.7 279.8 252.5 259.8 230.4 4.6 4.1 4.3 3.8 Indiana................ 3,083.5 3,114.1 3,116.1 3,118.2 109.7 90.3 104.8 86.6 3.6 2.9 3.4 2.8 Iowa................... 1,571.9 1,577.3 1,572.9 1,581.6 54.7 38.7 44.7 31.9 3.5 2.5 2.8 2.0 Kansas................. 1,341.2 1,405.1 1,341.5 1,409.9 51.1 46.4 47.9 46.7 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.3 Kentucky............... 1,906.2 1,924.8 1,934.2 1,947.0 102.8 75.5 105.4 79.3 5.4 3.9 5.4 4.1 Louisiana.............. 2,007.4 2,042.8 2,012.1 2,069.7 113.4 101.5 119.9 99.3 5.6 5.0 6.0 4.8 Maine.................. 650.7 644.7 656.3 652.4 40.6 30.1 35.2 24.1 6.2 4.7 5.4 3.7 Maryland............... 2,758.5 2,761.2 2,783.3 2,776.4 132.9 115.0 138.8 121.5 4.8 4.2 5.0 4.4 Massachusetts.......... 3,231.4 3,213.0 3,248.7 3,245.0 131.9 92.6 122.9 107.4 4.1 2.9 3.8 3.3 Michigan............... 4,916.1 4,964.0 4,997.6 5,047.8 210.3 170.0 190.3 168.8 4.3 3.4 3.8 3.3 Minnesota.............. 2,592.2 2,680.5 2,605.9 2,693.8 94.6 72.5 72.5 58.7 3.6 2.7 2.8 2.2 Mississippi............ 1,245.3 1,271.7 1,260.4 1,285.7 64.1 60.9 73.4 68.0 5.1 4.8 5.8 5.3 Missouri............... 2,884.1 2,910.3 2,890.5 2,923.9 120.7 124.2 111.9 121.8 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.2 Montana................ 451.6 462.6 452.8 465.1 24.6 25.1 22.1 23.8 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.1 Nebraska............... 892.0 923.5 900.6 929.5 21.6 14.9 24.5 17.5 2.4 1.6 2.7 1.9 Nevada................. 867.4 907.5 872.7 910.0 34.3 41.6 32.5 39.5 3.9 4.6 3.7 4.3 New Hampshire.......... 636.4 649.5 642.4 652.5 22.0 19.6 19.5 18.4 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.8 New Jersey............. 4,161.4 4,154.5 4,194.9 4,178.1 200.4 198.4 208.2 199.8 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.8 New Mexico............. 812.4 841.9 813.9 841.2 49.7 51.1 47.8 53.5 6.1 6.1 5.9 6.4 New York............... 8,741.0 8,704.9 8,766.6 8,736.6 559.4 494.5 553.3 482.3 6.4 5.7 6.3 5.5 New York City........ 3,377.8 3,337.1 3,357.4 3,315.4 328.1 269.9 319.6 250.4 9.7 8.1 9.5 7.6 North Carolina......... 3,819.2 3,796.5 3,856.8 3,811.2 121.3 128.2 135.1 122.3 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.2 North Dakota........... 346.7 343.0 351.7 348.7 10.2 6.9 9.9 6.5 2.9 2.0 2.8 1.9 Ohio................... 5,619.1 5,722.3 5,684.2 5,800.8 253.8 210.1 236.5 223.3 4.5 3.7 4.2 3.9 Oklahoma............... 1,595.9 1,611.4 1,597.4 1,614.2 65.1 57.2 70.0 61.0 4.1 3.6 4.4 3.8 Oregon................. 1,707.5 1,764.2 1,701.8 1,772.2 105.9 92.5 89.2 85.7 6.2 5.2 5.2 4.8 Pennsylvania........... 5,924.2 5,926.8 5,972.3 5,947.8 322.8 258.6 330.8 265.1 5.4 4.4 5.5 4.5 Rhode Island........... 495.3 496.7 501.3 497.4 26.2 23.1 26.6 21.5 5.3 4.6 5.3 4.3 South Carolina......... 1,910.9 1,912.2 1,925.2 1,926.5 83.2 47.7 84.0 57.6 4.4 2.5 4.4 3.0 South Dakota........... 389.3 397.0 394.6 402.8 12.1 10.5 10.5 9.5 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.3 Tennessee.............. 2,647.8 2,755.7 2,654.0 2,752.2 135.7 122.4 134.1 107.7 5.1 4.4 5.1 3.9 Texas.................. 9,751.9 9,998.6 9,788.2 10,043.1 502.1 425.2 504.1 429.5 5.1 4.3 5.1 4.3 Utah................... 1,012.7 1,064.5 1,021.4 1,070.5 30.6 32.6 30.2 30.6 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 Vermont................ 320.4 327.0 322.0 326.8 13.9 11.3 12.0 10.5 4.3 3.5 3.7 3.2 Virginia............... 3,339.3 3,531.2 3,367.3 3,561.5 126.8 90.4 138.8 105.2 3.8 2.6 4.1 3.0 Washington............. 2,954.4 2,977.6 2,979.0 3,039.2 146.7 123.9 133.2 123.9 5.0 4.2 4.5 4.1 West Virginia.......... 800.1 800.8 805.8 815.7 57.6 53.9 51.3 49.5 7.2 6.7 6.4 6.1 Wisconsin.............. 2,896.7 2,925.4 2,913.0 2,941.7 117.7 78.7 102.9 73.8 4.1 2.7 3.5 2.5 Wyoming................ 248.0 253.7 246.4 254.2 14.7 11.5 11.7 10.2 5.9 4.6 4.7 4.0 Puerto Rico............ 1,294.3 1,307.7 1,295.7 1,324.1 175.9 174.4 175.5 171.1 13.6 13.3 13.5 12.9 p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 5. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total(1) Construction Manufacturing State May Mar. April May May Mar. April May May Mar. April May 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p Alabama............ 1,864.2 1,879.4 1,878.2 1,883.9 97.6 97.0 98.7 100.0 380.9 378.0 377.1 377.3 Alaska............. 269.2 273.7 273.8 273.1 13.0 12.8 13.0 12.9 15.5 16.3 15.5 14.0 Arizona............ 1,968.7 2,045.6 2,048.3 2,059.9 130.3 134.5 133.3 135.0 204.7 215.1 215.5 215.1 Arkansas........... 1,101.6 1,118.9 1,124.0 1,125.7 48.2 47.7 48.8 49.3 253.8 255.1 255.6 255.4 California......... 13118.1 13485.6 13512.4 13554.2 548.2 591.9 591.6 593.4 1,907.8 1,947.1 1,944.3 1,947.8 Colorado........... 1,971.9 2,023.9 2,022.0 2,033.0 118.9 127.9 126.5 127.2 202.7 208.8 208.4 208.0 Connecticut........ 1,609.3 1,639.6 1,641.9 1,641.2 56.3 59.8 59.6 58.9 275.9 277.0 277.6 276.8 Delaware........... 385.1 398.0 398.3 400.5 21.2 22.2 22.1 21.6 57.5 58.8 58.8 59.2 District of Columbia........ 613.0 610.9 609.7 610.2 8.9 8.9 8.7 8.7 12.7 12.8 12.8 12.8 Florida............ 6,393.5 6,604.1 6,610.3 6,645.1 329.6 342.6 344.5 347.1 491.0 491.3 491.9 493.1 Georgia............ 3,593.2 3,714.9 3,718.2 3,732.0 166.4 178.2 178.5 181.4 589.4 589.9 590.4 591.4 Hawaii(2).......... 531.2 529.0 527.8 527.9 22.3 22.1 21.8 22.0 16.7 16.4 16.3 16.2 Idaho.............. 508.2 516.7 516.6 516.4 32.2 32.6 32.9 32.7 74.2 76.3 76.3 76.1 Illinois........... 5,762.1 5,834.5 5,852.9 5,865.1 234.7 235.9 241.4 238.8 970.6 980.5 981.8 981.0 Indiana............ 2,859.1 2,880.0 2,891.4 2,902.4 141.2 140.6 144.5 144.9 677.4 682.9 681.4 681.4 Iowa............... 1,404.9 1,429.2 1,436.7 1,438.5 60.1 60.6 62.3 62.7 253.0 258.4 258.3 259.1 Kansas............. 1,266.1 1,294.4 1,297.7 1,305.8 59.7 58.5 60.2 61.5 204.5 210.4 210.8 211.8 Kentucky........... 1,706.6 1,738.0 1,745.1 1,752.2 81.1 85.4 86.3 86.9 314.6 314.9 315.7 316.2 Louisiana.......... 1,841.6 1,879.5 1,879.4 1,884.0 116.4 118.4 118.6 119.7 191.6 190.5 189.9 190.3 Maine.............. 550.0 561.0 561.0 560.7 23.5 24.2 24.1 24.2 87.6 87.4 87.3 86.9 Maryland........... 2,258.0 2,277.2 2,272.8 2,272.0 138.3 137.4 136.6 133.7 176.7 176.8 176.1 176.1 Massachusetts...... 3,106.7 3,190.6 3,196.7 3,206.8 98.4 108.3 108.2 107.7 447.0 456.3 454.5 453.8 Michigan........... 4,452.6 4,503.3 4,525.7 4,521.3 180.8 184.6 190.3 187.7 967.4 973.8 981.3 976.6 Minnesota.......... 2,476.9 2,530.1 2,528.3 2,540.2 93.6 99.2 99.7 99.7 432.4 442.4 441.6 442.3 Mississippi........ 1,104.4 1,117.2 1,120.7 1,122.8 50.1 51.9 52.4 52.2 242.4 241.5 241.8 241.9 Missouri........... 2,634.2 2,651.6 2,663.3 2,677.0 121.3 118.5 123.6 124.3 417.9 421.6 421.4 421.4 Montana............ 365.2 370.2 370.6 373.1 17.8 18.2 18.0 18.2 24.2 24.5 24.7 24.9 Nebraska........... 850.8 873.0 878.2 878.1 37.8 40.8 40.9 40.8 114.7 118.2 119.8 119.5 Nevada............. 885.4 916.0 920.9 921.9 81.8 86.1 87.0 87.3 40.3 42.4 42.3 42.5 New Hampshire...... 569.1 570.7 573.8 573.3 21.2 22.2 22.4 22.2 106.6 108.7 108.2 108.0 New Jersey......... 3,712.7 3,788.0 3,785.2 3,795.4 130.2 136.4 136.2 135.1 481.1 485.2 483.3 481.2 New Mexico......... 707.0 714.4 713.0 715.4 42.8 42.2 42.6 43.0 46.1 45.6 45.2 45.2 New York........... 8,013.8 8,117.5 8,124.9 8,139.9 262.8 270.6 271.8 273.5 920.4 920.4 918.2 916.7 North Carolina..... 3,652.1 3,735.5 3,739.3 3,747.5 202.0 209.5 210.3 211.0 834.9 833.1 831.2 830.3 North Dakota....... 312.1 318.1 318.0 318.5 14.9 15.1 15.3 15.3 23.0 23.9 23.8 24.2 Ohio............... 5,386.4 5,445.3 5,448.6 5,459.5 224.1 228.1 232.9 233.7 1,092.1 1,097.8 1,094.9 1,090.8 Oklahoma........... 1,383.8 1,415.9 1,418.4 1,427.7 50.2 52.3 52.5 53.1 177.5 184.4 183.7 184.9 Oregon............. 1,525.8 1,561.9 1,563.9 1,565.2 82.2 84.9 85.7 82.7 245.3 247.7 246.7 247.6 Pennsylvania....... 5,393.3 5,447.2 5,455.7 5,454.7 213.0 220.6 222.2 222.9 937.3 939.7 938.5 935.0 Rhode Island....... 449.0 453.7 455.3 456.8 14.4 16.1 16.9 16.7 79.9 79.3 78.8 79.0 South Carolina..... 1,713.6 1,775.6 1,784.8 1,787.9 98.8 106.7 107.9 108.8 363.3 362.5 364.2 364.2 South Dakota....... 355.4 357.3 358.0 359.6 15.0 15.6 15.9 15.8 49.7 49.6 49.2 48.8 Tennessee.......... 2,579.5 2,623.6 2,623.5 2,620.2 116.2 119.2 120.3 120.3 516.6 518.5 516.4 516.4 Texas.............. 8,568.7 8,824.5 8,855.0 8,880.2 456.4 477.8 480.3 485.3 1,079.1 1,095.9 1,097.2 1,098.9 Utah............... 991.8 1,024.3 1,024.4 1,026.3 65.2 67.3 67.7 68.5 132.8 135.4 135.4 135.2 Vermont............ 278.4 280.1 281.5 282.2 12.9 12.5 13.0 13.1 46.3 47.3 47.9 47.7 Virginia........... 3,218.1 3,303.6 3,306.9 3,316.0 185.2 192.9 193.4 194.5 403.8 407.6 407.5 405.2 Washington......... 2,507.0 2,566.4 2,576.5 2,587.0 136.0 138.9 140.1 141.3 367.1 377.8 376.9 378.3 West Virginia...... 705.6 715.2 715.1 722.6 34.6 34.3 35.5 33.5 81.5 82.9 83.1 83.1 Wisconsin.......... 2,647.0 2,696.5 2,702.6 2,709.4 108.9 110.9 111.9 112.5 608.8 620.0 620.1 619.7 Wyoming............ 224.1 223.9 224.3 225.9 15.2 15.1 15.3 15.9 10.8 11.0 11.0 11.0 Transportation and public Trade Finance, insurance, and real utilities estate May Mar. April May May Mar. April May May Mar. April May 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p Alabama............ 91.3 91.8 91.5 91.8 427.2 432.9 432.2 434.3 84.2 85.6 85.8 86.4 Alaska............. 24.1 24.6 25.0 25.5 55.7 56.9 56.6 57.2 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.3 Arizona............ 96.5 97.5 97.7 98.6 478.3 499.0 498.8 501.0 125.9 132.4 132.9 133.7 Arkansas........... 65.4 67.7 67.7 67.9 251.6 254.4 255.1 256.1 44.1 44.8 44.8 44.8 California......... 662.5 679.0 680.1 680.6 3,050.9 3,114.7 3,117.4 3,128.8 754.5 772.7 776.1 779.6 Colorado........... 122.1 122.0 122.7 123.0 480.5 491.9 492.2 495.4 126.4 131.2 130.7 131.3 Connecticut........ 74.6 76.1 76.0 76.7 352.2 359.0 357.9 358.7 131.5 134.7 134.5 135.4 Delaware........... 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.7 85.2 87.7 87.2 87.2 46.5 48.9 49.5 49.7 District of Columbia........ 17.8 17.2 17.1 17.0 47.6 48.7 48.1 48.2 28.5 28.5 28.4 28.4 Florida............ 326.5 338.1 336.6 338.9 1,642.7 1,687.8 1,686.9 1,688.5 408.0 422.8 424.5 426.8 Georgia............ 229.6 238.4 238.4 239.3 907.0 936.5 936.8 940.5 186.0 193.8 194.5 195.1 Hawaii(2).......... 41.4 40.9 40.2 40.3 135.2 133.3 132.5 132.6 36.3 35.3 35.3 35.1 Idaho.............. 24.1 25.8 24.4 24.4 129.0 129.2 130.1 130.8 25.1 26.2 26.5 26.6 Illinois........... 337.8 342.1 343.7 345.5 1,323.6 1,337.3 1,340.0 1,342.4 396.5 406.8 407.9 409.2 Indiana............ 141.0 142.8 142.9 142.6 681.5 683.8 684.6 686.5 137.8 140.2 140.6 140.8 Iowa............... 66.0 67.2 68.1 68.2 345.6 348.5 349.5 350.5 79.0 81.1 81.3 81.8 Kansas............. 72.2 73.3 73.5 74.1 308.5 316.4 317.3 318.9 61.1 61.0 61.4 61.2 Kentucky........... 97.3 100.0 101.5 101.7 408.7 415.6 417.4 419.5 68.8 70.8 71.1 71.2 Louisiana.......... 110.0 112.8 113.4 113.8 427.5 436.7 436.0 438.2 85.4 86.8 86.5 86.6 Maine.............. 23.1 23.8 23.8 24.0 138.7 140.8 141.0 140.6 28.1 30.2 30.2 30.4 Maryland........... 107.3 105.5 105.4 105.9 534.9 541.6 538.9 538.0 130.4 131.1 131.9 132.3 Massachusetts...... 133.5 137.6 138.6 137.9 705.5 729.2 728.6 732.1 212.3 216.5 216.3 216.7 Michigan........... 173.3 174.0 174.4 177.3 1,044.1 1,055.3 1,059.1 1,067.3 206.2 209.4 209.7 187.8 Minnesota.......... 123.8 125.6 125.6 126.0 597.5 606.2 604.1 608.5 145.5 149.9 150.9 151.3 Mississippi........ 52.9 53.7 53.9 53.7 236.5 238.1 239.9 239.7 41.7 41.3 41.5 41.5 Missouri........... 165.4 165.6 166.4 166.1 622.3 628.4 631.5 632.9 153.8 156.7 156.8 157.4 Montana............ 21.1 21.5 21.6 21.5 98.7 99.4 99.2 99.7 16.3 16.7 16.9 16.9 Nebraska........... 53.7 54.8 55.1 54.7 210.0 213.2 214.8 215.4 54.1 56.5 56.9 57.1 Nevada............. 45.5 46.9 47.0 47.3 177.9 185.9 186.2 186.9 39.9 41.7 41.8 42.1 New Hampshire...... 19.5 19.3 19.8 19.4 147.7 148.8 149.5 149.1 29.3 29.4 29.8 29.7 New Jersey......... 257.1 261.9 262.0 263.0 870.3 886.6 884.3 890.7 238.3 244.0 244.6 244.2 New Mexico......... 32.1 32.7 33.0 33.2 167.4 169.9 169.7 171.3 31.3 31.6 31.5 31.5 New York........... 409.0 411.1 409.8 409.7 1,636.4 1,654.3 1,657.3 1,659.9 719.8 725.8 726.3 727.3 North Carolina..... 171.0 170.7 169.8 169.2 839.0 847.2 847.1 846.2 166.1 173.4 173.0 173.7 North Dakota....... 18.3 18.3 18.4 18.6 79.5 81.5 80.9 80.6 14.6 15.3 15.4 15.4 Ohio............... 234.8 235.2 234.9 235.2 1,308.5 1,318.1 1,316.5 1,318.9 287.0 290.5 291.9 291.5 Oklahoma........... 78.7 81.6 81.7 81.9 323.9 327.9 328.3 328.8 69.1 70.7 70.9 71.1 Oregon............. 74.6 74.7 75.6 75.5 376.8 387.0 386.5 388.6 94.9 96.7 96.5 96.9 Pennsylvania....... 278.6 280.4 281.5 280.9 1,214.2 1,224.1 1,227.9 1,229.6 312.4 318.5 319.3 319.5 Rhode Island....... 15.5 16.0 15.8 15.7 98.0 99.0 98.6 98.9 26.5 26.8 27.0 27.4 South Carolina..... 75.2 77.2 77.5 77.2 409.5 433.2 436.2 437.6 74.6 76.9 77.6 78.1 South Dakota....... 16.4 15.9 16.1 16.1 89.0 87.3 87.9 89.3 20.8 21.6 21.7 22.0 Tennessee.......... 150.7 152.4 153.3 151.4 607.4 620.1 624.6 621.1 120.2 123.2 122.7 122.9 Texas.............. 512.0 532.4 538.0 540.1 2,038.9 2,091.1 2,092.0 2,097.7 462.3 477.4 478.5 479.6 Utah............... 56.0 57.8 58.2 58.2 238.0 245.0 244.2 244.8 52.5 53.7 53.7 53.5 Vermont............ 12.1 12.5 12.6 12.4 65.2 65.4 65.2 65.5 12.2 12.1 12.2 12.3 Virginia........... 167.2 172.0 173.1 172.2 721.5 737.5 735.4 736.5 167.6 170.7 170.6 170.6 Washington......... 134.2 136.7 136.9 137.6 607.1 621.3 621.4 625.5 127.6 132.5 133.7 134.5 West Virginia...... 38.9 38.5 38.6 38.5 161.4 164.7 163.9 162.2 28.2 28.4 28.4 28.3 Wisconsin.......... 124.4 123.8 124.1 124.7 602.8 613.4 613.0 615.4 139.8 142.3 142.6 143.0 Wyoming............ 13.9 13.9 13.9 14.0 52.6 52.3 52.4 52.3 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.3 Services Government May Mar. April May May Mar. April May 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p Alabama............ 426.7 438.0 437.8 438.9 345.8 346.3 345.2 345.4 Alaska............. 65.5 67.1 67.4 67.8 73.1 73.2 73.6 72.9 Arizona............ 592.8 621.1 624.3 631.3 326.8 332.6 332.3 331.8 Arkansas........... 252.1 260.9 263.0 263.4 182.8 184.7 185.3 185.2 California......... 4,022.8 4,180.9 4,198.7 4,216.9 2,142.1 2,170.2 2,175.6 2,178.5 Colorado........... 593.7 609.8 609.0 614.7 313.8 318.0 318.3 319.3 Connecticut........ 493.6 505.4 509.3 508.8 224.5 226.8 226.2 225.1 Delaware........... 105.9 111.0 110.9 112.2 53.1 53.7 54.1 54.8 District of Columbia........ 263.7 267.5 265.7 266.2 233.7 227.2 228.8 228.8 Florida............ 2,247.4 2,363.5 2,370.1 2,389.5 941.7 951.3 949.1 954.5 Georgia............ 930.9 982.8 983.4 985.8 575.9 587.1 588.0 590.2 Hawaii(2).......... 168.6 169.7 170.3 169.6 110.7 111.3 111.4 112.1 Idaho.............. 121.4 121.5 121.2 121.7 99.0 102.1 102.1 100.9 Illinois........... 1,680.9 1,717.1 1,722.6 1,732.9 806.5 803.4 804.1 803.8 Indiana............ 680.0 693.1 699.4 702.4 393.4 389.9 391.4 397.3 Iowa............... 365.0 373.9 376.6 376.4 234.1 237.5 238.6 237.6 Kansas............. 315.2 326.9 329.5 329.0 236.7 239.7 236.8 241.2 Kentucky........... 422.2 434.5 437.5 441.7 290.8 294.3 293.1 292.8 Louisiana.......... 494.7 511.0 511.6 512.0 362.7 367.0 367.4 367.9 Maine.............. 156.3 162.0 162.4 163.1 92.6 92.5 92.1 91.4 Maryland........... 752.1 763.7 762.3 764.8 417.0 419.8 420.3 419.9 Massachusetts...... 1,104.4 1,133.6 1,140.3 1,147.5 404.4 407.7 408.8 409.7 Michigan........... 1,215.7 1,246.3 1,247.9 1,259.3 657.3 652.3 655.5 657.8 Minnesota.......... 698.3 716.3 718.2 723.9 377.8 382.6 380.2 380.7 Mississippi........ 256.9 263.7 263.8 266.4 217.7 220.7 221.3 221.4 Missouri........... 734.4 740.7 742.1 750.3 414.3 415.3 416.5 419.6 Montana............ 104.8 107.0 107.1 107.7 76.7 77.6 77.8 78.8 Nebraska........... 227.7 235.6 236.1 237.8 151.6 152.7 153.3 151.5 Nevada............. 379.6 390.0 392.2 392.5 105.8 109.3 110.5 109.5 New Hampshire...... 165.4 164.0 164.2 165.1 78.9 77.9 79.5 79.3 New Jersey......... 1,164.7 1,203.7 1,206.3 1,211.9 569.1 568.4 566.6 567.5 New Mexico......... 194.3 197.7 197.7 198.5 177.3 179.1 177.6 177.0 New York........... 2,685.5 2,759.4 2,769.0 2,775.8 1,375.5 1,371.4 1,368.0 1,372.6 North Carolina..... 861.3 905.4 909.5 914.6 573.8 592.3 594.5 598.5 North Dakota....... 86.5 89.0 89.1 89.9 71.1 70.9 70.9 70.4 Ohio............... 1,468.3 1,500.5 1,501.6 1,510.1 758.1 761.7 762.7 766.0 Oklahoma........... 377.5 386.2 389.7 395.0 275.1 280.4 280.1 281.0 Oregon............. 401.0 412.7 414.7 415.2 249.2 256.3 256.3 256.9 Pennsylvania....... 1,700.7 1,732.6 1,733.4 1,734.3 716.9 711.2 712.6 712.3 Rhode Island....... 151.2 151.6 152.2 152.9 63.3 64.7 65.8 66.0 South Carolina..... 391.3 413.0 415.4 416.3 299.0 304.2 304.1 303.8 South Dakota....... 92.3 94.5 95.0 95.7 70.0 70.7 70.5 70.3 Tennessee.......... 683.3 700.4 696.6 697.9 380.5 385.4 385.1 385.7 Texas.............. 2,375.9 2,479.6 2,492.8 2,501.6 1,479.6 1,502.0 1,507.7 1,508.8 Utah............... 267.4 279.1 278.7 279.8 171.4 177.5 178.2 178.0 Vermont............ 83.5 84.4 84.8 85.9 45.6 45.4 45.4 44.8 Virginia........... 965.9 1,014.7 1,018.1 1,026.1 595.6 597.2 597.8 599.9 Washington......... 675.6 698.8 704.6 709.0 455.9 457.0 459.5 457.4 West Virginia...... 197.3 203.7 202.7 202.8 139.0 139.9 139.8 151.0 Wisconsin.......... 673.0 693.6 696.0 701.1 386.7 390.0 392.5 390.6 Wyoming............ 49.1 48.8 48.7 49.6 57.7 57.3 57.5 57.8 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 2 Mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to reflect March 1997 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available. ESTABLISHMENT DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 6. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, not seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total(1) Construction Manufacturing State April May April May April May 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p Alabama............ 1,862.1 1,882.0 1,870.8 1,887.4 97.1 98.9 98.4 100.4 380.1 376.4 381.1 376.4 Alaska............. 261.5 266.4 272.6 276.1 10.7 10.8 13.2 13.2 15.6 15.2 15.1 14.5 Arizona............ 1,971.7 2,063.2 1,979.0 2,068.2 127.9 132.4 130.1 134.2 202.9 214.4 204.5 215.1 Arkansas........... 1,101.5 1,123.8 1,107.8 1,130.7 46.9 48.3 48.4 49.7 252.4 254.8 253.2 255.0 California......... 13056.1 13486.9 13158.0 13570.0 531.2 579.5 546.1 590.6 1,890.1 1,934.2 1,904.0 1,939.1 Colorado........... 1,956.7 2,023.3 1,965.1 2,023.3 113.7 124.2 119.3 126.9 200.3 207.1 201.6 207.2 Connecticut........ 1,603.7 1,636.3 1,615.4 1,646.3 54.4 57.0 57.3 59.5 275.6 276.8 276.1 276.5 Delaware........... 382.8 396.7 387.4 401.9 21.0 21.7 21.3 22.0 57.1 58.8 57.5 59.2 District of Columbia........ 613.7 608.8 612.3 609.0 8.9 8.6 8.8 8.7 12.5 12.7 12.6 12.8 Florida............ 6,407.0 6,659.9 6,426.8 6,673.9 326.9 342.3 329.7 345.8 490.5 490.3 491.5 492.0 Georgia............ 3,578.1 3,708.0 3,603.6 3,730.3 166.3 176.9 168.5 181.3 587.3 589.4 588.9 590.8 Hawaii(2).......... 532.0 529.9 533.7 529.8 21.9 21.4 22.0 21.3 16.6 16.2 16.6 16.1 Idaho.............. 501.8 512.3 508.6 517.2 30.3 31.5 32.4 33.0 72.7 74.6 72.9 75.4 Illinois........... 5,723.4 5,837.2 5,795.4 5,886.0 226.4 231.8 239.0 241.9 968.9 980.8 972.4 981.7 Indiana............ 2,857.7 2,888.4 2,886.0 2,916.5 138.3 139.4 143.8 145.9 675.5 679.7 678.7 682.3 Iowa............... 1,400.9 1,438.4 1,421.8 1,453.9 56.9 59.8 62.6 64.3 251.0 257.6 253.0 258.4 Kansas............. 1,266.0 1,306.0 1,279.2 1,314.3 57.4 59.5 60.8 62.1 204.5 211.2 205.1 211.8 Kentucky........... 1,708.3 1,743.8 1,720.5 1,759.9 80.0 84.1 82.5 86.9 314.5 314.4 314.1 316.2 Louisiana.......... 1,839.2 1,881.2 1,850.6 1,887.9 114.3 117.9 116.3 120.0 188.4 189.3 191.9 190.5 Maine.............. 537.3 549.5 550.7 561.1 20.9 21.5 23.8 24.5 85.8 85.9 86.9 86.2 Maryland........... 2,248.9 2,270.7 2,273.6 2,286.9 136.6 135.2 139.6 135.0 175.8 176.0 176.5 176.5 Massachusetts...... 3,085.1 3,184.8 3,119.5 3,214.6 93.8 103.0 100.4 108.3 444.8 453.9 446.7 454.6 Michigan........... 4,416.9 4,509.7 4,483.8 4,551.9 169.5 179.0 184.1 192.3 963.3 978.6 970.0 978.2 Minnesota.......... 2,451.6 2,518.8 2,497.6 2,559.8 82.8 89.4 95.7 101.5 427.5 438.1 430.4 440.0 Mississippi........ 1,103.0 1,121.5 1,111.8 1,124.2 49.5 51.9 51.4 52.9 241.3 241.5 243.2 241.8 Missouri........... 2,637.3 2,676.7 2,658.7 2,697.2 118.9 121.8 123.0 124.8 417.6 421.2 418.4 420.4 Montana............ 359.2 366.6 367.7 374.5 15.7 16.7 18.0 18.1 23.2 23.8 23.7 24.4 Nebraska........... 847.5 875.9 857.7 882.9 36.6 39.8 39.0 41.7 115.0 118.8 114.3 118.8 Nevada............. 878.2 918.9 887.8 924.4 79.4 86.0 81.7 87.8 40.0 42.3 40.4 42.5 New Hampshire...... 559.2 568.6 569.8 573.6 19.7 21.4 21.7 22.3 106.3 108.5 106.8 108.0 New Jersey......... 3,686.5 3,765.7 3,727.0 3,801.6 127.8 133.3 132.9 137.2 479.9 481.0 481.4 481.6 New Mexico......... 702.6 713.9 710.2 720.2 41.9 42.3 43.2 43.5 45.0 44.7 45.5 44.9 New York........... 7,973.4 8,098.0 8,051.6 8,175.5 250.3 259.7 265.0 275.4 915.2 915.6 920.5 917.7 North Carolina..... 3,639.2 3,738.5 3,669.3 3,756.6 201.8 208.2 204.5 211.8 829.4 827.1 831.5 826.5 North Dakota....... 310.3 316.7 315.9 321.0 12.6 13.8 15.7 16.0 22.8 23.7 23.0 24.0 Ohio............... 5,355.1 5,435.0 5,426.1 5,495.6 216.0 224.5 227.7 236.2 1,087.2 1,093.5 1,091.9 1,091.2 Oklahoma........... 1,379.7 1,419.3 1,393.1 1,432.3 49.4 51.9 50.4 53.2 176.0 184.3 177.2 185.2 Oregon............. 1,508.8 1,555.2 1,526.3 1,567.3 77.9 80.8 80.8 81.0 237.7 242.7 241.3 244.3 Pennsylvania....... 5,383.4 5,458.1 5,425.0 5,488.6 207.6 214.3 216.1 224.1 930.1 934.6 935.9 934.3 Rhode Island....... 446.1 451.9 453.0 458.6 13.7 16.1 14.8 17.2 79.9 78.7 80.3 78.9 South Carolina..... 1,715.2 1,786.5 1,729.6 1,800.7 98.9 107.6 99.2 109.0 361.9 363.2 363.6 363.8 South Dakota....... 349.6 355.3 359.8 363.0 13.4 15.1 15.7 16.5 49.0 48.8 49.6 48.9 Tennessee.......... 2,577.0 2,623.5 2,590.1 2,628.1 116.5 119.0 117.3 121.6 517.8 517.6 517.5 517.1 Texas.............. 8,528.2 8,840.3 8,595.1 8,888.2 448.7 475.7 458.5 483.4 1,072.1 1,093.3 1,078.2 1,096.7 Utah............... 985.3 1,020.5 992.2 1,025.7 61.8 65.5 65.4 68.5 131.7 134.6 132.5 134.5 Vermont............ 275.0 279.2 276.7 280.2 11.2 11.2 12.9 12.8 45.8 47.4 46.4 47.6 Virginia........... 3,204.8 3,305.4 3,227.4 3,325.0 181.9 190.9 186.2 195.5 402.4 405.7 402.9 404.2 Washington......... 2,486.1 2,565.9 2,518.8 2,594.1 131.3 136.1 135.6 140.6 362.4 374.8 366.7 377.5 West Virginia...... 702.9 713.7 710.6 730.7 34.1 34.3 35.3 35.0 81.4 82.8 81.5 82.8 Wisconsin.......... 2,616.3 2,687.9 2,656.9 2,717.6 101.2 105.0 111.7 114.2 599.0 615.2 605.4 616.5 Wyoming............ 217.2 217.6 226.9 227.0 13.5 13.8 15.8 16.1 10.3 10.7 10.5 10.7 Puerto Rico........ 978.9 956.3 980.9 958.6 56.0 53.8 55.9 54.4 153.1 144.2 149.6 143.5 Transportation and public Trade Finance, insurance, and real utilities estate April May April May April May 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p Alabama............ 91.0 91.3 91.1 91.5 423.4 430.4 426.7 432.9 83.6 85.5 84.1 86.2 Alaska............. 22.9 24.0 24.7 25.8 53.0 54.0 56.6 57.5 11.8 12.0 12.2 12.3 Arizona............ 95.5 97.6 96.2 98.4 480.0 500.3 479.1 500.6 125.3 133.3 125.7 133.9 Arkansas........... 64.7 67.2 65.2 67.5 251.1 254.2 253.5 257.1 43.9 44.6 44.1 44.9 California......... 653.7 673.3 661.0 677.2 3,011.6 3,085.0 3,040.7 3,110.3 749.4 775.3 755.0 779.3 Colorado........... 122.5 122.4 122.0 122.6 473.8 488.8 473.7 488.3 125.4 131.2 125.9 130.8 Connecticut........ 74.8 75.8 75.1 76.9 345.6 352.7 351.5 357.8 130.4 134.2 131.6 135.1 Delaware........... 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.8 83.4 85.0 85.6 87.2 46.1 49.4 46.4 49.7 District of Columbia........ 17.6 17.0 17.7 17.1 47.6 48.1 48.0 48.7 28.3 28.3 28.3 28.4 Florida............ 326.2 337.9 327.0 338.9 1,644.3 1,695.3 1,646.0 1,693.6 406.7 424.5 408.8 426.7 Georgia............ 227.4 237.7 229.1 238.8 899.0 928.0 906.7 934.5 184.3 193.7 185.5 194.5 Hawaii(2).......... 41.3 40.4 41.4 40.3 133.7 131.8 133.9 131.8 36.0 35.2 36.1 35.0 Idaho.............. 23.5 24.1 23.9 24.3 126.9 128.5 128.9 130.4 25.0 26.2 25.2 26.4 Illinois........... 335.4 342.6 337.5 345.2 1,303.5 1,323.6 1,321.9 1,338.3 393.4 406.8 396.6 408.8 Indiana............ 140.5 141.9 141.4 142.8 674.8 677.8 685.0 687.6 137.5 140.0 138.6 141.2 Iowa............... 65.6 67.8 66.0 68.3 340.9 347.0 348.4 352.7 78.3 81.1 79.0 81.8 Kansas............. 72.0 73.8 72.6 74.5 304.6 316.3 308.8 319.1 61.1 61.1 61.3 61.1 Kentucky........... 97.0 100.8 97.2 101.5 405.2 413.9 410.0 419.0 68.6 70.8 69.0 71.0 Louisiana.......... 109.3 112.7 110.0 113.4 426.4 434.5 428.0 437.0 85.2 86.6 85.4 86.7 Maine.............. 22.5 23.2 22.9 23.8 131.7 134.3 137.5 139.4 27.8 30.0 28.1 30.3 Maryland........... 106.9 104.8 107.8 106.0 527.1 531.3 536.5 538.5 129.7 131.5 130.0 131.9 Massachusetts...... 132.6 137.7 134.4 138.2 690.2 715.5 703.1 728.1 210.2 215.0 211.4 216.3 Michigan........... 171.1 173.5 173.4 177.1 1,021.3 1,043.2 1,046.4 1,068.1 205.6 208.1 206.5 187.8 Minnesota.......... 122.7 125.5 124.4 126.8 588.2 600.5 600.1 610.7 145.3 150.3 145.2 151.1 Mississippi........ 52.4 53.3 52.8 53.2 235.5 239.1 237.2 239.4 41.5 41.4 41.8 41.5 Missouri........... 164.6 166.4 166.1 166.6 617.8 627.5 625.5 634.9 153.9 156.3 154.1 157.4 Montana............ 20.8 21.3 21.2 21.5 96.0 97.2 99.1 99.6 16.2 16.7 16.3 16.9 Nebraska........... 53.1 55.2 54.0 55.2 206.4 213.2 210.2 214.8 53.7 56.8 54.1 57.0 Nevada............. 44.7 46.8 45.3 47.2 175.5 184.7 177.7 186.4 39.3 41.8 39.8 42.1 New Hampshire...... 19.2 19.4 19.7 19.6 142.2 146.2 146.6 148.4 29.0 29.6 29.3 29.6 New Jersey......... 256.8 261.4 257.9 263.7 852.7 867.7 867.8 885.1 235.6 241.7 237.8 243.7 New Mexico......... 31.9 33.0 32.2 33.4 165.3 168.6 167.4 171.7 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.6 New York........... 406.7 408.7 410.5 412.1 1,604.5 1,629.5 1,632.2 1,656.9 714.2 722.5 717.6 725.8 North Carolina..... 169.9 169.4 170.7 169.4 828.7 840.4 840.7 846.4 164.6 172.7 166.2 173.4 North Dakota....... 18.1 18.3 18.2 18.5 79.9 80.3 80.5 81.2 14.5 15.4 14.6 15.4 Ohio............... 232.8 233.5 235.1 235.6 1,292.2 1,304.2 1,311.6 1,322.7 285.3 290.8 287.1 291.5 Oklahoma........... 78.1 81.3 78.7 81.9 321.3 325.9 324.6 329.2 68.9 70.8 69.3 71.1 Oregon............. 74.4 75.5 74.1 75.3 368.7 381.4 374.0 385.3 94.5 96.2 95.0 97.0 Pennsylvania....... 277.8 280.9 279.7 283.1 1,199.0 1,217.4 1,217.5 1,232.3 310.3 317.7 312.4 319.5 Rhode Island....... 15.2 15.7 15.5 15.8 95.9 96.2 98.2 98.3 26.4 27.0 26.5 27.6 South Carolina..... 75.0 76.8 75.3 77.4 407.5 434.8 413.8 441.1 74.1 77.5 74.8 78.4 South Dakota....... 16.2 16.0 16.5 16.1 86.5 86.8 89.4 89.8 20.6 21.8 20.8 22.0 Tennessee.......... 148.6 152.2 150.6 151.1 604.3 617.3 607.0 618.4 119.2 122.7 120.1 123.1 Texas.............. 506.8 534.8 511.2 537.9 2,018.7 2,079.6 2,037.0 2,092.7 458.5 476.8 462.4 479.2 Utah............... 55.9 57.7 55.8 57.8 233.9 240.7 236.9 243.4 52.3 53.6 52.4 53.7 Vermont............ 12.1 12.4 12.2 12.5 63.4 64.0 64.3 65.1 12.1 12.1 12.2 12.2 Virginia........... 165.1 171.5 166.5 171.8 711.4 728.0 719.9 736.0 166.1 169.8 167.5 170.5 Washington......... 132.5 135.8 133.9 136.8 593.8 612.2 604.9 622.2 126.8 133.3 127.6 134.1 West Virginia...... 38.7 38.5 38.9 38.7 159.4 162.6 162.0 163.7 28.1 28.4 28.3 28.5 Wisconsin.......... 123.8 124.0 125.7 126.4 590.0 603.8 602.9 615.4 139.3 142.4 139.6 143.1 Wyoming............ 13.7 13.7 13.8 13.9 50.7 50.2 52.5 52.0 8.0 8.2 8.1 8.3 Puerto Rico........ 27.6 25.9 26.2 25.7 195.0 193.6 197.0 196.1 46.3 45.9 46.3 46.0 Services Government April May April May 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p Alabama............ 426.2 439.1 427.2 438.9 350.3 350.5 351.7 351.3 Alaska............. 63.1 65.2 66.5 68.4 74.9 75.0 74.4 74.1 Arizona............ 592.2 628.7 595.1 631.3 334.6 343.1 334.9 341.3 Arkansas........... 252.4 261.9 254.0 263.9 186.6 189.2 185.8 189.0 California......... 4,018.2 4,202.9 4,039.6 4,225.3 2,172.7 2,208.2 2,182.3 2,219.5 Colorado........... 588.8 611.4 587.7 607.3 318.7 324.3 321.2 326.3 Connecticut........ 492.3 508.3 495.1 511.3 229.9 230.7 227.9 228.4 Delaware........... 105.5 110.8 106.4 112.4 54.0 55.2 54.3 55.5 District of Columbia........ 265.1 267.3 263.3 266.7 233.6 226.7 233.5 226.5 Florida............ 2,248.8 2,391.4 2,259.2 2,399.1 957.1 971.5 958.0 971.1 Georgia............ 926.1 981.4 934.5 987.8 579.6 592.7 582.3 594.3 Hawaii(2).......... 168.5 170.1 168.3 169.4 114.0 114.8 115.4 115.9 Idaho.............. 119.8 121.0 121.1 121.5 100.5 103.4 101.0 103.0 Illinois........... 1,667.8 1,719.2 1,688.1 1,734.6 816.1 821.0 828.3 823.9 Indiana............ 681.7 701.5 689.4 704.5 402.6 401.6 402.2 405.6 Iowa............... 366.7 379.4 369.3 381.2 239.4 243.6 241.3 245.0 Kansas............. 314.8 330.1 317.8 329.9 243.3 245.8 244.6 247.7 Kentucky........... 421.1 438.4 426.0 443.5 298.9 299.1 298.6 299.6 Louisiana.......... 495.7 512.1 499.3 513.5 367.8 372.5 366.5 371.3 Maine.............. 152.1 159.1 156.1 162.8 96.4 95.4 95.3 94.0 Maryland........... 748.4 763.8 758.3 770.2 423.1 426.8 423.6 427.5 Massachusetts...... 1,102.2 1,142.4 1,110.3 1,150.4 410.0 415.9 411.9 417.3 Michigan........... 1,209.0 1,247.9 1,226.3 1,266.9 669.5 671.9 669.1 673.6 Minnesota.......... 690.3 716.9 703.3 728.1 387.1 390.5 390.3 393.6 Mississippi........ 256.2 264.8 258.5 266.1 220.9 223.5 220.7 223.3 Missouri........... 735.2 748.0 742.0 755.6 424.5 430.7 424.8 432.6 Montana............ 103.0 105.7 104.6 107.8 79.1 80.1 79.2 80.9 Nebraska........... 227.4 237.0 228.7 239.0 154.1 153.8 156.1 155.1 Nevada............. 377.4 391.2 380.5 393.1 107.3 112.5 107.8 111.7 New Hampshire...... 160.8 161.4 164.8 164.1 81.6 81.7 80.4 81.1 New Jersey......... 1,156.0 1,203.0 1,172.8 1,215.8 575.8 575.7 574.4 572.6 New Mexico......... 192.7 197.5 194.8 198.7 178.9 181.0 180.1 180.9 New York........... 2,685.0 2,769.0 2,701.3 2,789.7 1,393.2 1,388.5 1,399.8 1,393.2 North Carolina..... 853.7 906.8 867.8 914.6 587.1 610.0 583.9 610.5 North Dakota....... 86.4 89.0 86.8 89.9 72.1 72.2 72.8 71.9 Ohio............... 1,460.0 1,500.3 1,481.5 1,520.6 768.5 774.9 777.7 784.4 Oklahoma........... 375.6 389.5 380.1 394.7 279.0 284.1 281.2 285.2 Oregon............. 397.9 415.1 401.6 416.4 255.9 261.7 257.7 266.2 Pennsylvania....... 1,705.2 1,745.5 1,710.9 1,749.9 733.3 727.6 732.0 725.1 Rhode Island....... 150.4 151.6 152.9 153.7 64.4 66.4 64.6 66.9 South Carolina..... 392.6 416.2 397.4 420.9 303.3 308.5 303.6 308.2 South Dakota....... 90.2 93.5 93.1 95.7 71.6 71.6 72.4 72.3 Tennessee.......... 678.8 696.5 687.2 700.9 387.3 393.7 385.8 391.4 Texas.............. 2,361.0 2,487.3 2,384.4 2,506.3 1,499.8 1,525.5 1,499.3 1,524.6 Utah............... 265.6 278.1 263.7 276.4 175.9 182.1 177.1 183.2 Vermont............ 81.9 83.9 80.5 82.5 47.9 47.7 47.6 46.9 Virginia........... 959.5 1,019.3 970.4 1,030.7 607.2 609.2 602.7 605.3 Washington......... 672.1 703.9 680.4 711.1 463.8 466.4 466.2 468.4 West Virginia...... 196.5 203.5 198.7 205.2 140.0 140.5 141.2 153.6 Wisconsin.......... 664.9 691.8 674.0 699.0 395.7 403.5 394.7 400.4 Wyoming............ 45.8 45.7 49.1 49.1 59.2 58.8 60.7 60.1 Puerto Rico........ 195.2 192.1 194.9 192.4 304.5 299.7 309.9 299.4 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 2 Mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to reflect March 1997 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available.