Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: (202) 691-6392 USDL 01-47 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Media contact: 691-5902 Thursday, February 22, 2001 EXTENDED MASS LAYOFFS IN THE FOURTH QUARTER OF 2000 In the fourth quarter of 2000, there were 1,905 mass layoff actions by employers that resulted in the separation of 374,320 workers from their jobs for more than 30 days, according to preliminary figures released by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. Both the total number of layoff events and the number of separations were higher than in October-December 1999. (See table A.) For all of 2000, however, extended mass layoff events, at 5,522, and the number of worker separations, at 1,117,183, were lower than any other year since the program began in the second quarter of 1995. Additional information on the 2000 annual data is provided in the review of 2000 section, beginning on page 5. The completion of seasonal work was the major reason cited for layoffs in the fourth quarter, accounting for 53 percent of all events and 52 percent of all separations. Layoffs due to internal company restructuring accounted for 14 percent of events and resulted in 65,618 separations. Permanent closure of worksites occurred in 12 percent of all events and affected 47,688 workers, up from a year earlier (43,522 workers). The quarterly series on extended mass layoffs cover layoffs of at least 31-days duration that involve 50 or more individuals from a single establishment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance during a consecutive 5-week period. Data for the fourth quarter are preliminary and subject to revision. This release also includes revised data for previous quarters. Data are not seasonally adjusted, but survey data suggest that there is a seasonal pattern to layoffs. Thus, comparisons between consecutive quarters should not be used as an indicator of trend. Additional information about the program is provided in the technical note that follows the analysis. Industry Distribution of Extended Layoffs In the private sector, agriculture accounted for 18 percent of all layoff events and 21 percent of all separations during October-December 2000. The layoff activity occurred in agricultural services (primarily in farm labor contracting) and agricultural crop production (mainly in grapes and berry crops) and was almost entirely due to the end of seasonal work. (See table 1.) - 2 - Table A. Selected measures of mass layoff activity ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Period |Layoff events | Separations | Initial claimants ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1995 | | | April-June............| 1,724 | 400,980 | 332,731 July-September........| 950 | 194,149 | 154,226 October-December......| 1,764 | 348,741 | 312,428 1996 | | | January-March.........| 1,408 | 272,480 | 224,393 April-June............| 1,352 | 261,628 | 200,032 July-September........| 1,021 | 233,199 | 185,247 October-December......| 1,916 | 417,048 | 348,073 1997 | | | January-March.........| 1,317 | 255,227 | 224,180 April-June............| 1,587 | 351,198 | 292,673 July-September........| 1,082 | 217,869 | 209,019 October-December......| 1,697 | 321,821 | 316,035 1998 | | | January-March.........| 1,320 | 208,082 | 247,315 April-June............| 1,563 | 391,461 | 402,276 July-September........| 1,234 | 248,054 | 256,803 October-December......| 1,734 | 379,976 | 325,990 1999 | | | January-March.........| 1,509 | 277,780 | 252,122 April-June............| 1,444 | 294,968 | 242,464 July-September........| 1,097 | 241,725 | 189,973 October-December(r)...| 1,625 | 334,794 | 287,685 2000 | | | January-March(r)......| 1,331 | 254,812 | 220,997 April-June(r).........| 1,272 | 258,053 | 230,696 July-September(r).....| 1,014 | 229,998 | 187,865 October-December(p)...| 1,905 | 374,320 | 271,126 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. Thirty-two percent of all layoff events and separations occurred in manufacturing industries. Layoffs from durable goods industries were most prevalent in transportation equipment (mostly in motor vehicles and car bodies and in motor vehicle parts and accessories) and in primary metal industries (primarily in blast furnaces and steel mills and in copper rolling and drawings). Forty-six percent of worker separations in transportation equipment during the period were due to slack work. Among nondurable goods establishments, layoffs were most numerous in food and kindred products (primarily in canned and frozen fruits and vegetables) and in apparel. Services accounted for 14 percent of private-sector layoff events and 17 percent of separations, primarily in business services (largely help supply services) and in hotels and lodging. Cutbacks in construction comprised 23 percent of all layoff events and 16 percent of all separations. These layoffs were largely in heavy construction, excluding buildings (highway and street construction). Retail trade made up for 4 percent of all layoff events and 6 percent of all separations, largely in department stores and in catalog and mail-order houses. Layoffs in government establishments accounted for 2 percent of all events and 5 percent of all separations, primarily in local government. (The data in this release do not include temporary federal census workers who completed their assignments.) - 3 - Table B. Distribution of layoff events by size of layoff, October-December 2000p ------------------------------------------------------------- | Layoff events | Separations Size |-------------------------------------------- | Number | Percent| Number | Percent ------------------------------------------------------------- Total..........| 1,905 | 100.0 | 374,320 | 100.0 | | | 50-99...........| 679 | 35.6 | 48,104 | 12.9 100-149.........| 422 | 22.2 | 48,836 | 13.0 150-199.........| 243 | 12.8 | 40,079 | 10.7 200-299.........| 265 | 13.9 | 61,583 | 16.5 300-499.........| 188 | 9.9 | 66,605 | 17.8 500-999.........| 79 | 4.1 | 52,468 | 14.0 1,000 or more...| 29 | 1.5 | 56,645 | 15.1 ------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. Reasons for Extended Layoff Fifty-three percent of the events and 52 percent of the separations in the fourth quarter were due to the completion of seasonal work. These layoffs were most numerous among workers in food production (agriculture and food and kindred products) and heavy construction, excluding buildings (mostly in highway and street construction). Layoffs due to internal company restructuring (bankruptcy, business ownership change, financial difficulty, and reorganization) accounted for 14 percent of layoff events and 18 percent of separations, largely due to job cutbacks in hotels and lodging and in transportation equipment manufacturing. (See table 2.) Size of Extended Layoff Layoff events during the fourth quarter continued to be concentrated at the lower end of the layoff-size spectrum, with 58 percent involving fewer than 150 workers. These events, however, accounted for only 26 percent of all separations. (See table B.) Separations involving 500 or more workers accounted for 29 percent of all separations, down slightly from a year earlier (30 percent). The average size of layoffs (as measured by separations per layoff event) differed widely by industry, ranging from a low of 64 separations in auto repair, auto services, and parking companies to a high of 825 in local government executive and legislative offices. Initial Claimant Characteristics A total of 271,126 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with mass layoffs in the fourth quarter of 2000. Of these claimants, 11 percent were black, 34 percent were women, 27 percent were Hispanic, and 12 percent were 55 years of age or older. (See table 3.) Forty-two percent of claimants were 30 to 44 years of age. Among the civilian labor force for the same period, 12 percent were black, 47 percent were women, 11 percent were Hispanic, and 13 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-eight percent of the civilian labor force were ages 30 to 44. Geographic Distribution In the fourth quarter, the West reported the highest number of separations due to extended mass layoff events (147,453), followed by the Midwest (137,028). (See table 4.) Contributing to extended mass layoffs in the West were agricultural services and crop production; in the Midwest, construction and transportation equipment manufacturing were dominant. The lowest number of worker separations was reported in the Northeast region (33,524). - 4 - Table C. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from layoff, fourth quarter 1999-fourth quarter 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percentage of events |------------------------------------------ Nature of the recall | IV | I | II | III | IV | 1999 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000r | 2000p ------------------------------------------------------------------- Anticipate a recall.....| 68.6 | 58.0 | 60.6 | 51.9 | 68.2 | | | | | Timeframe | | | | | | | | | | Within 6 months.........|.81.9 | 79.1 | 88.7 | 82.1 | 82.7 Within 3 months.......| 30.2 | 40.8 | 56.3 | 52.7 | 38.0 | | | | | Size | | | | | | | | | | At least half...........| 88.8 | 88.1 | 92.3 | 87.3 | 88.3 All workers...........| 42.7 | 41.1 | 52.8 | 53.8 | 47.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. All four regions reported over-the-year increases in separations, with the largest increase occurring in the Midwest (+25,607), primarily in transportation equipment and in local government. Within the Midwest region, higher levels of separations were reported mainly by employers in the East North Central division (+33,524), with sharply more layoffs occurring in transportation equipment; executive, legislative, and general government; and primary metal industries. Separations declined in the West North Central (-7,917) and Mountain (-580) divisions. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the largest number of worker separations occurred in California (117,273), followed by Illinois (48,115). These two states accounted for 36 percent of total layoff events and 44 percent of all separations during the fourth quarter of 2000. (See table 5.) After excluding the substantial impact of seasonal work, California still reported the most laid-off workers (37,491), largely due to layoffs in business services. Over the year, the largest increases in laid-off workers occurred in Illinois (+12,505) and Michigan (+8,329). The largest decreases occurred in California (-4,071) and Virginia (-3,278). Recall Expectations Sixty-eight percent of employers reporting a layoff in the fourth quarter of 2000 indicated they anticipated some type of recall, about the same as a year earlier. (See table C.) Among establishments expecting a recall, most employers expected to recall over one-half of the separated employees and to do so within 6 months. Excluding layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period (in which 95 percent of the employers expected a recall), employers expected to recall laid-off workers in 38 percent of the events, somewhat higher than during the same period a year ago (34 percent). In layoff events due to internal company restructuring, employers anticipated a recall in only 9 percent of the events. - 5 - Table D. Selected measures of mass layoff activity, 1996-2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Period | Layoff events | Separations | Initial claimants -----------------------------------------------|------------------- 1996.........| 5,697 | 1,184,355 | 957,745 1997.........| 5,683 | 1,146,115 | 1,041,907 1998.........| 5,851 | 1,227,573 | 1,232,384 1999(r)......| 5,675 | 1,149,267 | 972,244 2000(p)......| 5,522 | 1,117,183 | 910,684 ------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. Review of 2000 For all of 2000, there were 5,522 extended mass layoff actions resulting in 1,117,183 workers being separated from their jobs for more than 30 days in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The total number of layoff events and separations during 2000 declined (by 2.7 percent and 2.8 percent, respectively) from the previous year to the lowest annual levels reported since this series began in the second quarter of 1995. (See table D.) The annual average national unemployment rate decreased from 4.2 percent in 1999 to 4.0 percent in 2000, and nonfarm payroll employment increased by 2.0 percent, or approximately 2.6 million jobs. In the private sector, manufacturing accounted for 33 percent of all mass layoff events and all separations that occurred during 2000, virtually unchanged from 1999 (32 percent and 33 percent, respectively). Layoffs in the durable goods sector were most prevalent in transportation equipment (65,657), primarily in motor vehicles and car bodies and in motor vehicle parts and accessories. In the nondurable goods sector, food and kindred products accounted for 73,147 separated workers, mostly in canned and frozen fruits and vegetables. Compared with 1999, the largest decrease in laid-off workers occurred in general merchandise stores (-21,551), followed by motion pictures (-14,507). The largest over-the-year increases in separations occurred in business services (+11,033) and hotels and lodging (+10,171). Forty-four percent of all layoff events and separations in 2000 were due to the completion of seasonal work. These layoffs occurred in establishments primarily engaged in food production (agriculture and food and kindred products). The number of workers separated due to internal company restructuring declined slightly from its peak in 1999 to 239,564 separations in 2000. In 2000, the West (400,202) reported more separated workers due to extended mass layoff events than any other region. Layoffs in the West were primarily concentrated in food production (agriculture and food and kindred products), which accounted for 53 percent of the worker separations in the region. Sixty-one percent of the layoffs and 63 percent of the separations in the West were due to seasonal work. The Northeast region continued to report the lowest annual number of separations (148,221). - 6 - Over the year, the West reported the largest decrease (-45,523) in worker separations, mainly in the Pacific division (-42,946). The Midwest registered the sharpest increase (+26,533) in laid-off workers compared with 1999. Industries contributing to the extended mass layoffs in the Midwest were executive, legislative, and general government and transportation equipment. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, California continued to report the largest number of separated workers (303,359), largely due to seasonal layoffs in food production (agriculture and food and kindred products). Over the year, California's number of separated workers declined (-32,966). Illinois had the largest over-the-year increase in laid-off workers (+14,122), followed by Florida (+11,925) and Kentucky (+10,068). Technical Note The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program which uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state's unemployment insurance database. Establishments which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The program yields information on an individual's entire spell of unemployment, to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. The MLS program was resumed in April 1995; it had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. However, due to changes in concepts and definitions, data from the resumed program are not comparable to earlier data. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Definitions Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted. Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons subject to recall and those who are terminated by the establishment. - 2 - Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of duration. Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or single- unit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or planned to be closed. Table 1. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Industry IV III IV IV III IV IV III IV 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p Total( 1 ) .................................... 1,625 1,014 1,905 334,794 229,998 374,320 287,685 187,865 271,126 Total, private ........................................ 1,580 965 1,862 318,549 217,570 354,761 276,977 179,575 263,930 Agriculture ........................................ 397 147 333 81,410 42,791 72,805 56,841 22,335 40,280 Nonagriculture ...................................... 1,179 812 1,517 236,609 173,863 280,594 219,538 155,926 222,360 Manufacturing ................................... 457 386 590 92,294 86,707 115,049 92,317 78,027 100,851 Durable goods ................................ 227 217 321 38,610 50,963 62,801 46,315 49,687 60,695 Lumber and wood products ................... 26 16 33 2,758 1,834 4,511 2,514 1,763 4,430 Furniture and fixtures ..................... 7 6 8 940 990 786 1,413 689 688 Stone, clay, and glass products ............ 25 5 41 4,059 667 6,227 4,224 473 5,621 Primary metal industries ................... 16 18 33 2,924 4,905 9,505 3,243 4,501 8,179 Fabricated metal products .................. 25 29 46 3,476 4,765 6,166 3,973 4,666 6,994 Industrial machinery and equipment ......... 42 38 31 8,950 9,955 5,776 9,444 8,855 5,009 Electronic and other electrical equipment .. 26 22 32 4,277 4,639 6,447 6,154 4,365 8,373 Transportation equipment ................... 40 65 72 8,359 21,003 20,867 11,973 22,045 18,975 Instruments and related products ........... 6 10 5 718 1,191 566 872 1,180 479 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ..... 14 8 20 2,149 1,014 1,950 2,505 1,150 1,947 Nondurable goods ............................. 230 169 269 53,684 35,744 52,248 46,002 28,340 40,156 Food and kindred products .................. 105 56 119 30,422 16,235 26,992 23,981 11,609 19,134 Tobacco products ........................... - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Textile mill products ...................... 19 14 18 5,063 2,885 4,362 4,296 2,746 2,986 Apparel and other textile products ......... 43 38 44 7,564 6,375 6,451 8,134 6,255 5,703 Paper and allied products .................. 8 14 21 988 2,891 3,360 826 2,137 3,034 Printing and publishing .................... 8 ( 2 ) 12 1,519 ( 2 ) 1,813 1,524 ( 2 ) 1,141 Chemicals and allied products .............. 9 10 10 1,282 2,120 1,246 1,443 1,675 1,091 Petroleum and coal products ................ 15 ( 2 ) 13 2,547 ( 2 ) 1,656 2,409 ( 2 ) 1,514 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products . 15 23 27 2,794 2,803 5,350 2,036 2,244 4,765 Leather and leather products ............... 8 9 ( 2 ) 1,505 1,518 ( 2 ) 1,353 987 ( 2 ) Nonmanufacturing ................................ 722 426 927 144,315 87,156 165,545 127,221 77,899 121,509 Mining ....................................... 18 4 20 3,002 874 2,592 2,628 729 2,042 Construction .................................. 314 62 425 50,066 10,895 58,430 49,821 10,757 52,073 Transportation and public utilities ........... 49 77 66 7,678 12,732 9,810 9,092 11,705 10,042 Wholesale and retail trade .................... 115 75 124 32,877 13,856 28,363 22,840 10,606 17,383 Wholesale trade ........................... 37 19 43 7,172 2,764 6,025 5,486 1,742 4,040 Retail trade .............................. 78 56 81 25,705 11,092 22,338 17,354 8,864 13,343 Finance, insurance, and real estate ........... 26 23 31 4,406 5,600 5,373 4,542 4,109 2,917 Services ...................................... 200 185 261 46,286 43,199 60,977 38,298 39,993 37,052 Not identified ..................................... 4 6 12 530 916 1,362 598 1,314 1,290 Government ............................................ 45 49 43 16,245 12,428 19,559 10,708 8,290 7,196 Federal ....................................... 8 11 11 2,219 3,995 2,203 2,657 2,133 2,542 State ......................................... 19 10 12 8,965 3,142 3,915 3,883 1,818 1,928 Local ......................................... 18 28 20 5,061 5,291 13,441 4,168 4,339 2,726 1 For the fourth quarter 2000, data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 2. Reason for separation: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Reason for separation IV III IV IV III IV IV III IV 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p Total, all reasons( 1 )....... 1,625 1,014 1,905 334,794 229,998 374,320 287,685 187,865 271,126 Automation ...................... ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - Bankruptcy ...................... 26 36 41 7,177 10,605 12,700 3,202 6,106 5,138 Business ownership change ....... 34 35 24 9,792 9,186 11,285 5,403 4,911 3,124 Contract cancellation ........... 18 26 20 2,535 4,424 3,353 3,034 3,580 4,034 Contract completed .............. 155 142 187 30,663 25,718 38,098 32,546 29,860 31,352 Domestic relocation ............. 8 16 15 1,929 3,270 2,230 1,537 3,804 1,073 Energy-related .................. - 3 6 - 744 1,538 - 515 1,004 Environment-related ............. 6 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,306 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,120 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Financial difficulty ............ 41 56 97 10,105 10,628 22,665 6,150 6,462 13,722 Import competition .............. 26 17 22 7,081 2,412 4,160 4,905 2,013 3,396 Labor dispute ................... 8 10 4 2,615 10,853 3,296 1,757 10,806 3,093 Material shortage ............... - 3 - - 321 - - 432 - Model changeover ................ ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Overseas relocation ............. 9 10 10 1,479 1,886 2,517 1,230 1,637 3,400 Plant or machine repair ......... 3 ( 2 ) 10 376 ( 2 ) 1,403 374 ( 2 ) 741 Product line discontinued ....... 6 6 8 1,556 1,329 1,164 1,985 1,599 945 Reorganization within company ... 98 92 98 18,337 22,978 18,968 18,735 16,917 13,534 Seasonal work ................... 948 323 1,002 196,643 80,958 194,602 158,275 54,480 128,200 Slack work ...................... 118 122 215 17,708 26,962 33,569 24,790 27,792 37,908 Vacation period ................. 6 10 4 921 1,095 534 1,445 1,150 357 Weather-related ................. 20 - 21 3,195 - 2,246 2,786 - 2,224 Other ........................... 40 34 42 11,207 6,314 6,726 8,256 3,857 5,215 Not reported .................... 52 68 77 9,704 9,724 12,605 9,679 9,645 12,030 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 3. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, third and fourth quarters, 2000 Percent of total Total Layoff events initial Hispanic claimants Black origin Women Persons age 55 and over State III IV III IV III IV III IV III IV III IV 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p Total( 1 ) ........ 1,014 1,905 187,865 271,126 14.7 10.6 24.6 26.6 42.3 34.3 13.7 12.3 Alabama ............... 12 11 3,029 1,688 21.7 24.6 .1 .7 32.8 27.5 24.7 13.3 Alaska ................ ( 2 ) 11 ( 2 ) 1,139 1.3 1.9 13.1 13.4 30.5 26.4 11.4 11.6 Arizona ............... 15 12 1,887 1,849 1.6 4.2 79.7 31.5 45.0 50.0 12.0 12.2 Arkansas .............. 5 5 562 641 31.9 17.8 13.9 .2 45.2 57.1 10.9 14.5 California ............ 225 489 43,871 61,285 4.9 4.1 64.3 71.4 47.0 42.3 12.4 10.5 Colorado .............. 3 16 263 1,862 12.2 1.7 21.3 39.0 65.0 17.5 13.3 11.6 Connecticut ........... 5 11 757 1,154 23.0 9.9 11.9 4.0 50.3 34.1 13.7 14.8 Delaware .............. - - - - - - - - - - - - District of Columbia .. - - - - - - - - - - - - Florida ............... 98 62 14,786 7,205 26.8 21.5 20.3 24.6 43.9 50.4 17.7 16.8 Georgia ............... 7 3 830 493 55.8 37.5 .6 11.2 74.6 44.4 21.7 15.8 Hawaii ................ ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 2.6 - 1.0 .4 12.7 4.7 20.8 19.1 Idaho ................. 4 5 320 611 .3 - 19.7 10.6 20.9 26.7 15.3 9.5 Illinois .............. 85 204 13,878 30,396 20.7 14.4 13.6 15.7 40.2 26.2 12.4 11.6 Indiana ............... 12 44 1,882 8,305 14.1 5.8 3.3 2.8 43.9 24.6 8.8 11.0 Iowa .................. ( 2 ) 33 ( 2 ) 5,061 - 1.3 7.0 2.7 50.1 17.4 6.5 12.6 Kansas ................ ( 2 ) 8 ( 2 ) 1,234 17.1 4.2 8.8 7.1 37.3 21.0 5.7 12.0 Kentucky .............. 22 30 4,070 3,555 7.3 4.8 .1 .1 40.6 28.6 11.1 15.5 Louisiana ............. ( 2 ) 11 ( 2 ) 1,089 57.0 56.2 1.1 .9 76.0 35.2 10.1 9.9 Maine ................. 4 4 345 370 - - - - 43.2 41.9 13.9 12.7 Maryland .............. 4 9 780 720 39.1 39.2 .6 .1 27.7 27.8 17.2 28.5 Massachusetts ......... 16 36 10,523 3,514 3.9 7.4 5.9 13.5 46.1 38.4 13.3 15.9 Michigan .............. 67 157 10,164 23,978 23.9 15.5 5.9 9.2 39.9 35.3 8.6 10.0 Minnesota ............. 11 73 1,595 8,940 3.4 .9 12.2 6.0 44.2 16.7 15.0 13.3 Mississippi ........... 13 19 1,230 1,764 64.1 71.5 .7 .3 76.1 61.5 8.8 8.0 Missouri .............. 11 8 1,014 811 5.1 11.2 .9 2.2 40.4 50.8 13.5 18.4 Montana ............... 3 7 663 1,013 - 1.0 .8 1.1 28.7 22.0 15.2 15.8 Nebraska .............. ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - 14.6 - 19.6 - 17.6 - 7.0 - Nevada ................ 11 7 1,872 1,147 12.1 7.1 24.5 15.6 38.4 50.6 19.2 23.5 New Hampshire ......... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - - .6 - 58.9 13.1 10.0 15.6 New Jersey ............ 36 33 6,321 3,759 28.4 13.5 26.4 21.0 60.2 49.6 19.9 23.6 New Mexico ............ ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 2.0 2.7 53.5 80.8 34.3 35.4 13.1 15.0 New York .............. 70 65 11,308 8,055 19.5 11.1 12.5 13.9 55.6 41.8 20.6 13.8 North Carolina ........ 26 37 2,876 5,628 38.3 32.0 .8 2.5 50.7 36.3 13.1 9.3 North Dakota .......... - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - - - 4.6 - 19.2 - 12.8 Ohio .................. 47 130 7,025 18,798 11.3 11.2 1.3 3.3 27.1 17.7 12.3 12.4 Oklahoma .............. 3 5 286 2,015 9.4 16.3 5.2 2.2 45.1 24.5 21.3 11.0 Oregon ................ 12 30 6,949 4,880 8.7 1.1 5.5 32.2 14.3 44.4 7.9 15.5 Pennsylvania .......... 42 45 12,471 12,981 6.1 7.1 1.0 3.1 32.2 42.6 18.0 18.7 Rhode Island .......... ( 2 ) 5 ( 2 ) 640 2.2 1.6 1.3 3.3 71.8 32.0 11.0 17.2 South Carolina ........ 7 6 1,182 1,321 47.7 57.7 .5 .1 59.9 52.5 9.8 2.3 South Dakota .......... - - - - - - - - - - - - Tennessee ............. 16 17 1,721 1,789 26.3 18.8 .2 .3 56.2 58.7 17.8 21.0 Texas ................. 61 85 15,214 15,256 21.5 15.7 32.7 43.2 32.6 31.1 10.1 11.1 Utah .................. 5 11 568 1,599 .4 .8 10.0 11.6 38.9 23.1 5.6 7.3 Vermont ............... - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - .6 - - - 17.3 - 17.9 Virginia .............. 11 24 1,518 2,869 34.5 37.9 .4 1.7 55.1 56.2 16.5 13.1 Washington ............ 11 54 1,376 7,271 4.2 2.4 28.5 41.6 42.4 36.0 12.3 11.0 West Virginia ......... 3 - 393 - - - - - 82.4 - 15.0 - Wisconsin ............. 15 74 2,340 13,415 .9 5.6 .5 10.7 30.3 26.2 10.6 12.7 Wyoming ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - Puerto Rico ........... 21 12 3,778 1,948 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 57.8 58.6 5.8 9.8 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 Data are not available. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 4. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Census region and division IV III IV IV III IV IV III IV 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p United States( 1 )... 1,625 1,014 1,905 334,794 229,998 374,320 287,685 187,865 271,126 Northeast ................. 194 176 202 31,117 38,306 33,524 40,301 42,132 30,763 New England ........... 56 28 59 12,025 13,890 12,539 8,882 12,032 5,968 Middle Atlantic ....... 138 148 143 19,092 24,416 20,985 31,419 30,100 24,795 South ..................... 234 290 324 45,893 52,232 56,315 43,210 48,656 46,033 South Atlantic ........ 92 156 141 21,909 28,394 25,371 13,439 22,365 18,236 East South Central .... 36 63 77 5,226 11,786 11,974 5,069 10,050 8,796 West South Central .... 106 71 106 18,758 12,052 18,970 24,702 16,241 19,001 Midwest ................... 550 253 733 111,421 49,912 137,028 101,172 38,666 111,157 East North Central .... 421 226 609 85,908 44,938 119,432 79,107 35,289 94,892 West North Central .... 129 27 124 25,513 4,974 17,596 22,065 3,377 16,265 West ...................... 647 295 646 146,363 89,548 147,453 103,002 58,411 83,173 Mountain .............. 64 43 60 11,368 8,844 10,788 7,705 5,672 8,341 Pacific ............... 583 252 586 134,995 80,704 136,665 95,297 52,739 74,832 1 See footnote 1, table 1. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Table 5. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance State IV III IV IV III IV IV III IV 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p Total( 1 ).......... 1,625 1,014 1,905 334,794 229,998 374,320 287,685 187,865 271,126 Alabama ................ 15 12 11 1,821 3,311 2,060 2,071 3,029 1,688 Alaska ................. 7 ( 2 ) 11 5,183 ( 2 ) 2,272 942 ( 2 ) 1,139 Arizona ................ 8 15 12 627 4,180 1,450 1,036 1,887 1,849 Arkansas ............... 10 5 5 1,469 920 1,351 1,426 562 641 California ............. 525 225 489 121,344 70,945 117,273 85,198 43,871 61,285 Colorado ............... 18 3 16 2,952 258 2,358 1,867 263 1,862 Connecticut ............ 5 5 11 1,370 1,475 2,708 634 757 1,154 Delaware ............... ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - District of Columbia ... ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - Florida ................ 28 98 62 6,553 19,045 9,886 3,489 14,786 7,205 Georgia ................ 12 7 3 1,737 1,626 764 1,680 830 493 Hawaii ................. 7 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 932 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,199 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Idaho .................. 11 4 5 1,538 446 590 1,176 320 611 Illinois ............... 148 85 204 35,610 21,303 48,115 26,024 13,878 30,396 Indiana ................ 27 12 44 5,334 1,868 7,815 4,533 1,882 8,305 Iowa ................... 32 ( 2 ) 33 6,690 ( 2 ) 3,738 6,690 ( 2 ) 5,061 Kansas ................. 8 ( 2 ) 8 1,271 ( 2 ) 1,165 1,519 ( 2 ) 1,234 Kentucky ............... 6 22 30 1,435 4,313 5,460 692 4,070 3,555 Louisiana .............. 7 ( 2 ) 11 1,137 ( 2 ) 1,096 990 ( 2 ) 1,089 Maine .................. 12 4 4 3,412 525 811 1,607 345 370 Maryland ............... 4 4 9 380 832 1,178 359 780 720 Massachusetts .......... 35 16 36 6,658 11,364 7,887 6,056 10,523 3,514 Michigan ............... 90 67 157 13,002 9,788 21,331 18,971 10,164 23,978 Minnesota .............. 73 11 73 13,211 2,998 11,551 10,792 1,595 8,940 Mississippi ............ 10 13 19 1,305 2,244 2,655 961 1,230 1,764 Missouri ............... 15 11 8 3,868 1,307 923 2,591 1,014 811 Montana ................ 4 3 7 461 506 946 510 663 1,013 Nebraska ............... - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - Nevada ................. 10 11 7 1,911 2,008 1,567 1,246 1,872 1,147 New Hampshire .......... - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) New Jersey ............. 31 36 33 3,832 6,105 3,928 5,505 6,321 3,759 New Mexico ............. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) New York ............... 41 70 65 6,201 11,682 9,778 5,766 11,308 8,055 North Carolina ......... 22 26 37 4,409 4,316 8,836 3,318 2,876 5,628 North Dakota ........... ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) Ohio ................... 80 47 130 16,692 9,335 21,070 13,274 7,025 18,798 Oklahoma ............... ( 2 ) 3 5 ( 2 ) 431 2,015 ( 2 ) 286 2,015 Oregon ................. 15 12 30 2,184 6,949 4,880 1,966 6,949 4,880 Pennsylvania ........... 66 42 45 9,059 6,629 7,279 20,148 12,471 12,981 Rhode Island ........... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 5 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 765 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 640 South Carolina ......... 6 7 6 669 615 760 870 1,182 1,321 South Dakota ........... - - - - - - - - - Tennessee .............. 5 16 17 665 1,918 1,799 1,345 1,721 1,789 Texas .................. 87 61 85 15,891 10,522 14,508 22,025 15,214 15,256 Utah ................... 11 5 11 2,712 1,321 2,781 1,492 568 1,599 Vermont ................ 3 - ( 2 ) 431 - ( 2 ) 431 - ( 2 ) Virginia ............... 15 11 24 7,225 1,455 3,947 2,876 1,518 2,869 Washington ............. 29 11 54 5,352 2,175 12,012 5,992 1,376 7,271 West Virginia .......... ( 2 ) 3 - ( 2 ) 505 - ( 2 ) 393 - Wisconsin .............. 76 15 74 15,270 2,644 21,101 16,305 2,340 13,415 Wyoming ................ - - - - - - - - - Puerto Rico ............ 14 21 12 1,344 2,986 3,380 1,830 3,778 1,948 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero.