Technical information: (202) 691-6392 USDL 01-276 http://www.bls.gov/mlshome.htm For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 691-5902 Wednesday, August 22, 2001 EXTENDED MASS LAYOFFS IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF 2001 In the second quarter of 2001, there were 1,911 mass layoff actions by employers that resulted in the separation of 371,708 workers from their jobs for more than 30 days, according to preliminary figures released by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. Both the total number of layoff events and the number of separations were sharply higher than April-June 2000. For the entire first half of 2001, the number of worker separations totaled 712,488, up from 513,254 during the same period in 2000. (See table A.) The completion of seasonal work accounted for 27 percent of all events and resulted in 122,615 separations. Permanent closure of worksites occurred in 16 percent of all events and affected 78,452 workers, up from 43,948 workers in the second quarter of 2000. Fewer than half of the employers having layoffs in the second quarter indicated that they anticipated having some type of recall, the smallest proportion since the series began in 1995. The quarterly series on extended mass layoffs cover layoffs of at least 31-days duration that involve 50 or more individuals from a single establish- ment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance during a consecutive 5-week period. Data for the second quarter are preliminary and subject to revision. This release also includes revised data for previous quarters. Data are not seasonally adjusted, but survey data suggest that there is a seasonal pattern to layoffs. Thus, comparisons between consecutive quarters should not be used as an indicator of trend. Additional information about the program is provided in the technical note that follows the analysis. Industry Distribution of Extended Layoffs Extended mass layoff separations occurred in 442 of the 1,005 detailed industries for which data are available. Although 38 percent of separations occurred in manufacturing, another 20 percent were in five industries in the service-producing sector--school busing (23,385), amusement and recreation (17,755), eating places (13,195), help supply services (11,897), and tax preparation services (8,583). Agriculture accounted for 7 percent of all layoff events and separations in the private sector during April-June 2001. Layoff activity was con- centrated in agricultural services (primarily in farm labor contracting) and in agricultural crop production (mainly in grapes and in vegetables and melons) and was almost entirely due to the end of seasonal work. (See table 1.) Forty-one percent of all layoff events and 38 percent of separations occurred in manufacturing. Among durable goods industries, extended layoffs were most prevalent in electronic and other electrical equipment (mostly in printed circuit boards and in semiconductors and related devices) and in industrial machinery and equipment (primarily in electronic computers and in refrigeration and heating equipment). Within the nondurable goods sector, layoffs were mostly in food and kindred products (largely in canned fruits and vegetables) and in apparel and other textile products (mostly in women's and misses' outerwear). Services accounted for 25 percent of private-sector layoff events and separations, primarily in business services (largely in help supply) and in amusement and recreational services (mainly in ski resorts). Forty-six percent of separations in services during the period were seasonal. Layoffs in transportation and public utilities accounted for 8 percent of the events and 10 percent of the separations, mainly in local and interurban passenger transit (mostly among school bus companies), occurring as the school year ended. Cutbacks in retail trade comprised 8 percent of the private-sector - 2 - Table A. Selected measures of mass layoff activity ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Period | Layoff events| Separations |Initial claimants ------------------------|--------------|--------------|----------------- 1997 | | | January-March...........| 1,317 | 255,227 | 224,180 April-June..............| 1,587 | 351,198 | 292,673 July-September..........| 1,082 | 217,869 | 209,019 October-December........| 1,697 | 321,821 | 316,035 1998 | | | January-March...........| 1,320 | 208,082 | 247,315 April-June..............| 1,563 | 391,461 | 402,276 July-September..........| 1,234 | 248,054 | 256,803 October-December........| 1,734 | 379,976 | 325,990 1999 | | | January-March...........| 1,509 | 277,780 | 252,122 April-June..............| 1,444 | 294,968 | 242,464 July-September..........| 1,097 | 241,725 | 189,973 October-December........| 1,625 | 334,794 | 287,685 2000 | | | January-March(r)........| 1,330 | 254,646 | 221,368 April-June(r)...........| 1,271 | 258,608 | 231,471 July-September(r)... ..| 1,014 | 230,072 | 188,641 October-December(r).....| 2,005 | 427,019 | 376,024 2001 | | | January-March(r)........| 1,768 | 340,780 | 335,877 April-June(p)...........| 1,911 | 371,708 | 268,809 ------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. layoff events and 10 percent of separations. These layoffs were largely in establishments that provide food services to schools. Layoffs in government establishments accounted for 4 percent of total events and separations, primarily in educational services. Reasons for Extended Layoff Twenty-seven percent of the events and 33 percent of the separations in the second quarter were due to the completion of seasonal work. (See table 2.) These layoffs were most numerous among workers in amusement and recreation services (ski resorts) and agricultural services (mostly farm labor contractors and in crop preparation for market). Layoffs due to internal company restructuring (bankruptcy, business ownership change, financial difficulty, and reorganization) accounted for 24 percent of layoff events and 27 percent of separations, each the highest for any April- June on record. These layoffs were mostly among workers in the electronic and other electrical equipment and in business services industries (other than temporary help). Size of Extended Layoff Layoff events during the second quarter continued to be concentrated at the lower end of the layoff-size spectrum, with 60 percent involving fewer than 150 workers. These events, however, accounted for only 27 percent of all separations. (See table B.) Separations involving 500 or more workers accounted for 31 percent of all separations, about the same as a year earlier (33 percent). The average size of layoffs (as measured by separations per layoff event) differed widely by industry, ranging from a low of 81 separations in apparel and accessory stores to a high of 659 in personal services (particularly in tax preparation). Initial Claimant Characteristics A total of 268,809 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with mass layoffs in the second quarter of 2001. Of these claimants, 14 percent were black, 50 percent were women, 17 percent were Hispanic, and 14 percent were 55 years of age or older. (See table 3.) - 3 - Table B. Distribution of layoff events by size of layoff, April-June 2001p --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Layoff events | Separations Size |----------------------|------------------------- | Number | Percent | Number | Percent --------------------|----------|-----------|-----------|------------- Total..............| 1,911 | 100.0 | 371,708 | 100.0 | | | | 50-99...............| 750 | 39.2 | 51,640 | 13.9 100-149.............| 406 | 21.2 | 47,185 | 12.7 150-199.............| 214 | 11.2 | 35,425 | 9.5 200-299.............| 249 | 13.0 | 57,718 | 15.5 300-499.............| 177 | 9.3 | 65,303 | 17.6 500-999.............| 78 | 4.1 | 50,310 | 13.5 1,000 or more.......| 37 | 1.9 | 64,127 | 17.3 --------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. Forty-one percent of claimants were 30 to 44 years of age. Among the civilian labor force for the same period, 12 percent were black, 47 percent were women, 11 percent were Hispanic, and 13 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-eight percent of the civilian labor force were ages 30 to 44. Geographic Distribution In the second quarter, the number of separations due to extended mass layoff events was higher in the West (111,932) and Midwest (111,113) than in the other two regions. (See table 4.) Contributing to extended mass layoffs in the West and Midwest were amusements and recreation services, agricultural services, electronic and other electrical equipment, and transportation equipment. The fewest number of worker separations was reported in the Northeast region (65,971). All four regions reported over-the-year increases in separations, with the largest increases occurring in the Midwest (+38,297) and West (+37,297), mostly in electronic and other electrical equipment, transportation equipment, and business services. Eight of the nine geographic divisions experienced over-the-year increases in laid-off workers, with the largest increases occurring in the Pacific (largely in electronic and other electrical equipment and in business services), followed by the East North Central and Middle Atlantic divisions. Separations declined in the West South Central division. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the largest number of worker separations occurred in California (71,910), followed by Illinois (46,617) and Florida (24,293). These three states accounted for 38 percent of total layoff events and 39 percent of the separations during the second quarter of 2001. (See table 5.) After excluding the substantial impact of seasonal work, California still reported the most laid-off workers (48,279), largely due to layoffs in business services. Over the year, the largest increases in laid-off workers occurred in California (+23,803) and Illinois (+18,404). The largest decreases occurred in Arizona (-4,686) and Texas (-4,582). Recall Expectations Forty-five percent of employers reporting a layoff in the second quarter of 2001 indicated they anticipated some type of recall. This compares with 61 percent of the employers anticipating a recall a year earlier and is the lowest second-quarter proportion since the series began in April 1995. (See table C.) This relatively smaller proportion of employers reflects more reports of reorganization within the company and financial difficulty as the primary reasons for layoffs. Most of the employers not expecting a recall were in electronic and other electrical equipment manufacturing and in business services. Among establishments expecting a recall, most employers - 4 - Table C. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from layoff, second quarter 2000-second quarter 2001 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percentage of events |--------------------------------------------- Nature of the recall | II | III | IV | I | II | 2000r | 2000 | 2000 | 2001r | 2001p -------------------------|---------|--------|--------|---------|------- Anticipate a recall......| 60.7 | 51.9 | 67.0 | 46.0 | 45.1 | | | | | Timeframe | | | | | | | | | | Within 6 months..........| 88.7 | 82.1 | 82.5 | 79.1 | 83.4 Within 3 months.........| 56.3 | 52.7 | 37.9 | 53.4 | 51.2 | | | | | Size | | | | | | | | | | At least half............| 92.3 | 87.3 | 88.3 | 81.1 | 88.6 All workers.............| 52.8 | 53.8 | 47.5 | 35.2 | 41.8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- p = preliminary. r=revised. expected to recall over one-half of the separated employees and to do so within 6 months. Excluding layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period (in which 95 percent of the employers expected a recall), employers expected to recall laid-off workers in 23 percent of the events. In layoff events due to internal company restructuring, employers anticipated a recall in only 6 percent of the events. Technical Note The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program which uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state's unemployment insurance database. Establishments which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The program yields information on an individual's entire spell of unemployment, to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. The MLS program was resumed in April 1995; it had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. However, due to changes in concepts and definitions, data from the resumed program are not comparable to earlier data. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Definitions Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted. Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons subject to recall and those who are terminated by the establishment. - 2 - Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of duration. Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or single- unit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or planned to be closed. Table 1. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Industry II I II II I II II I II 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p Total( 1 ) .................................... 1,271 1,768 1,911 258,608 340,780 371,708 231,471 335,877 268,809 Total, private ........................................ 1,210 1,742 1,832 239,445 335,697 357,793 213,062 331,068 259,776 Agriculture ........................................ 146 193 125 32,615 33,547 25,453 25,133 28,736 15,951 Nonagriculture ...................................... 1,056 1,545 1,699 205,653 300,299 331,583 186,962 301,049 242,996 Manufacturing ................................... 339 801 745 60,422 150,545 136,061 59,284 163,353 114,757 Durable goods ................................ 179 520 508 34,027 98,768 98,224 30,178 111,798 84,273 Lumber and wood products ................... 14 31 17 2,476 4,063 2,301 1,820 4,085 1,964 Furniture and fixtures ..................... 7 38 24 1,014 5,127 3,657 697 5,189 3,199 Stone, clay, and glass products ............ 7 15 15 901 1,648 1,986 886 1,629 1,616 Primary metal industries ................... 16 58 44 2,141 12,781 8,142 1,856 12,554 7,710 Fabricated metal products .................. 25 64 58 4,423 9,259 6,513 4,027 9,671 6,712 Industrial machinery and equipment ......... 33 72 87 8,140 10,643 17,893 5,047 11,385 13,574 Electronic and other electrical equipment .. 19 118 177 3,111 25,772 39,381 3,134 31,617 31,331 Transportation equipment ................... 44 85 66 9,835 22,999 15,996 10,775 30,751 16,368 Instruments and related products ........... 5 18 13 571 3,035 1,475 591 2,662 1,246 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ..... 9 21 7 1,415 3,441 880 1,345 2,255 553 Nondurable goods ............................. 160 281 237 26,395 51,777 37,837 29,106 51,555 30,484 Food and kindred products .................. 60 93 67 10,167 17,379 11,598 11,033 18,063 9,971 Tobacco products ........................... ( 2 ) 7 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 2,815 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,880 ( 2 ) Textile mill products ...................... 7 34 21 1,370 7,833 4,146 3,668 7,717 3,241 Apparel and other textile products ......... 40 37 53 5,755 5,686 7,254 6,324 6,771 6,044 Paper and allied products .................. 13 21 17 2,036 4,514 3,126 1,280 4,447 2,147 Printing and publishing .................... 14 27 24 2,157 4,153 3,937 1,923 4,174 3,166 Chemicals and allied products .............. 5 14 12 509 1,831 1,648 744 1,606 1,325 Petroleum and coal products ................ ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 625 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 408 ( 2 ) Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products . 15 41 35 3,870 6,320 4,738 3,504 6,022 3,799 Leather and leather products ............... ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 621 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 467 ( 2 ) Nonmanufacturing ................................ 717 744 954 145,231 149,754 195,522 127,678 137,696 128,239 Mining ....................................... 4 11 5 556 2,617 1,824 377 2,255 1,962 Construction .................................. 68 145 82 12,629 21,244 11,407 13,062 21,538 9,467 Transportation and public utilities ........... 112 92 141 23,057 17,016 36,546 20,700 13,924 25,164 Wholesale and retail trade .................... 148 204 219 36,821 56,451 46,089 29,664 45,061 30,905 Wholesale trade ........................... 38 46 64 7,203 11,375 10,303 5,087 6,486 7,007 Retail trade .............................. 110 158 155 29,618 45,076 35,786 24,577 38,575 23,898 Finance, insurance, and real estate ........... 43 29 46 6,447 4,907 8,890 6,499 4,510 5,701 Services ...................................... 342 263 461 65,721 47,519 90,766 57,376 50,408 55,040 Not identified ..................................... 8 4 8 1,177 1,851 757 967 1,283 829 Government ............................................ 61 26 79 19,163 5,083 13,915 18,409 4,809 9,033 Federal ....................................... 13 16 11 5,161 3,195 1,987 6,797 2,741 1,941 State ......................................... 7 4 12 1,425 871 2,065 1,451 890 1,261 Local ......................................... 41 6 56 12,577 1,017 9,863 10,161 1,178 5,831 1 For the second quarter 2001, data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. Table 2. Reason for separation: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Reason for separation II I II II I II II I II 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p Total, all reasons( 1 ) ....... 1,271 1,768 1,911 258,608 340,780 371,708 231,471 335,877 268,809 Automation ....................... ( 2 ) 5 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 799 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 777 ( 2 ) Bankruptcy ....................... 43 76 75 12,911 28,231 18,413 5,442 15,728 10,092 Business ownership change ........ 36 47 45 8,077 11,927 12,032 4,172 11,520 8,006 Contract cancellation ............ 20 42 32 2,764 7,484 6,011 3,020 6,115 3,961 Contract completed ............... 128 210 143 32,039 39,630 24,113 29,617 44,474 18,712 Domestic relocation .............. 21 17 32 3,280 2,218 6,205 6,067 2,350 3,695 Energy-related ................... - 7 6 - 3,208 1,015 - 1,338 773 Environment-related .............. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Financial difficulty ............. 75 138 162 13,997 30,505 34,209 11,624 31,153 23,581 Import competition ............... 13 30 33 2,564 6,847 6,914 2,108 5,915 6,281 Labor dispute .................... 8 ( 2 ) 12 2,442 ( 2 ) 3,503 1,507 ( 2 ) 2,151 Material shortage ................ ( 2 ) 4 5 ( 2 ) 297 602 ( 2 ) 523 543 Model changeover ................. 3 4 9 476 490 3,059 337 2,979 3,025 Overseas relocation .............. 9 19 15 991 2,565 3,916 1,108 1,783 2,661 Plant or machine repair .......... 7 7 7 1,416 1,165 1,084 1,474 1,303 797 Product line discontinued ........ 9 15 6 1,021 3,780 3,271 937 4,445 1,609 Reorganization within company .... 89 187 173 19,392 38,711 34,023 18,948 35,306 25,056 Seasonal work .................... 540 424 519 113,493 76,302 122,615 93,287 69,792 72,888 Slack work ....................... 104 366 361 13,388 56,163 50,824 21,681 70,305 49,408 Vacation period .................. 63 - 64 9,698 - 11,294 8,060 - 8,537 Weather-related .................. ( 2 ) 19 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,541 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 2,031 ( 2 ) Other ............................ 36 72 115 6,224 16,315 17,858 8,318 15,384 16,443 Not reported ..................... 62 75 91 13,006 11,977 9,853 13,085 12,181 9,616 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 3. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, first and second quarters 2001 Percent of total Total Layoff events initial Hispanic claimants Black origin Women Persons age 55 and over State I II I II I II I II I II I II 2001r 2001p 2001r 2001p 2001r 2001p 2001r 2001p 2001r 2001p 2001r 2001p Total( 1 ) ........ 1,768 1,911 335,877 268,809 14.4 14.5 20.5 16.8 40.2 50.0 11.5 14.0 Alabama ............... 20 22 3,133 2,525 22.0 53.5 .9 2.1 35.3 67.0 11.2 14.6 Alaska ................ ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - 1.1 - 1.1 - 12.4 - 12.4 - Arizona ............... 32 17 6,759 3,703 3.0 1.0 56.7 87.4 36.8 32.1 13.1 9.9 Arkansas .............. 8 8 1,261 560 38.3 41.1 .5 .2 41.9 73.0 10.8 13.2 California ............ 446 434 73,449 50,848 5.4 5.9 52.3 43.0 43.2 48.5 10.3 11.6 Colorado .............. 16 22 1,829 2,545 8.6 4.1 17.5 16.5 50.5 54.5 13.4 10.6 Connecticut ........... 11 19 1,723 2,046 15.1 18.6 13.5 7.1 56.8 63.1 13.3 14.4 Delaware .............. - - - - - - - - - - - - District of Columbia .. 7 ( 2 ) 1,186 ( 2 ) 31.6 37.0 3.0 1.1 53.8 73.3 7.8 11.0 Florida ............... 119 128 23,820 11,995 22.8 23.7 22.3 30.4 43.2 53.1 15.4 17.3 Georgia ............... 14 15 1,623 2,017 46.8 54.7 1.5 .4 48.2 65.2 9.9 13.5 Hawaii ................ 6 - 590 - .8 - .7 - 22.9 - 20.5 - Idaho ................. 11 5 1,267 534 .3 1.7 6.6 6.6 28.2 32.2 13.7 15.4 Illinois .............. 138 159 23,473 28,169 23.3 20.1 12.4 8.8 42.7 50.0 10.1 13.3 Indiana ............... 42 44 8,450 7,084 10.6 15.5 3.5 4.0 42.1 53.7 11.9 12.6 Iowa .................. 17 19 2,841 2,994 .4 2.0 .7 .9 53.7 47.4 14.1 12.2 Kansas ................ 11 11 4,199 1,596 10.6 10.7 23.7 2.6 28.5 49.1 13.5 10.8 Kentucky .............. 18 17 3,037 2,566 8.7 5.1 .1 .5 39.3 47.5 10.0 13.5 Louisiana ............. 12 6 1,349 410 56.0 69.0 1.0 1.0 39.3 88.3 9.7 22.9 Maine ................. 7 12 1,028 1,576 1.1 .4 1.4 .2 51.9 43.3 18.2 9.1 Maryland .............. 4 11 984 997 34.1 48.0 1.9 .5 47.5 50.1 23.6 25.3 Massachusetts ......... 30 78 4,631 9,995 8.2 7.8 4.0 3.8 44.2 56.4 12.0 15.7 Michigan .............. 101 101 24,546 13,626 28.2 15.3 3.3 5.0 32.6 44.1 10.3 11.8 Minnesota ............. 34 47 7,211 6,032 2.2 3.1 .9 1.8 35.1 44.2 11.8 13.7 Mississippi ........... 18 17 2,431 1,441 65.2 67.8 .9 .8 49.1 62.2 6.9 7.9 Missouri .............. 10 35 864 7,191 15.2 17.9 .5 1.2 50.1 44.8 20.9 13.7 Montana ............... 4 9 321 1,216 .9 .5 4.7 .2 16.5 47.4 10.3 12.7 Nebraska .............. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 17.6 4.7 - .8 21.0 33.3 18.5 6.2 Nevada ................ 6 5 921 433 9.9 33.9 15.5 12.5 54.7 67.7 19.4 11.5 New Hampshire ......... 5 4 738 343 .7 1.5 .9 2.6 45.7 64.7 16.9 18.7 New Jersey ............ 25 64 4,022 12,179 22.4 18.3 19.4 18.0 46.0 70.8 16.2 27.2 New Mexico ............ 4 9 475 1,007 2.1 1.7 64.0 50.8 39.8 52.8 18.9 14.3 New York .............. 47 63 6,031 7,568 8.3 14.5 9.1 8.9 35.5 52.5 10.5 12.1 North Carolina ........ 39 59 6,964 8,349 50.8 32.6 4.9 2.5 53.3 47.4 15.4 11.8 North Dakota .......... - 7 - 609 - - - 2.1 - 61.4 - 16.6 Ohio .................. 99 57 15,735 8,231 10.7 12.9 1.9 1.8 27.0 33.2 11.3 13.0 Oklahoma .............. 7 17 1,019 4,533 10.4 12.4 1.6 7.8 50.3 19.5 12.2 17.3 Oregon ................ 57 38 11,169 4,827 3.9 2.7 16.3 7.4 37.5 44.9 12.3 13.5 Pennsylvania .......... 86 64 26,637 18,866 7.8 7.1 2.2 1.6 37.2 47.8 13.9 18.7 Rhode Island .......... 5 14 877 2,229 2.6 2.9 6.6 12.3 61.1 75.2 18.7 20.0 South Carolina ........ 7 16 3,294 1,709 39.9 65.8 .4 .1 49.7 71.8 1.3 2.0 South Dakota .......... ( 2 ) 5 ( 2 ) 605 1.8 - 2.2 - 56.0 70.4 8.7 22.0 Tennessee ............. 16 25 2,090 1,952 13.7 31.1 - - 54.3 48.3 15.9 13.3 Texas ................. 102 92 30,137 15,632 17.2 16.5 29.7 35.2 37.6 50.2 9.5 9.2 Utah .................. 14 10 2,574 793 1.6 1.3 11.0 6.3 45.5 57.5 7.3 6.8 Vermont ............... ( 2 ) 9 ( 2 ) 1,102 - .5 - .4 54.5 49.2 6.9 13.7 Virginia .............. 23 25 5,331 3,379 34.5 49.5 .9 1.0 47.0 57.0 10.5 17.2 Washington ............ 36 43 5,798 5,395 3.7 4.0 12.3 15.1 33.4 42.9 9.2 14.0 West Virginia ......... 3 - 401 - - - - - 52.4 - 18.5 - Wisconsin ............. 45 45 8,994 7,000 5.9 12.9 2.7 1.6 39.0 54.8 11.7 16.0 Wyoming ............... ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - 1.3 - 32.9 - 22.8 - 13.9 - Puerto Rico ........... 21 24 3,425 5,300 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 56.2 52.8 8.0 7.0 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 Data are not available. p = preliminary. r = revised NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 4. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Census region and division II I II II I II II I II 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p United States( 1 )... 1,271 1,768 1,911 258,608 340,780 371,708 231,471 335,877 268,809 Northeast ................. 237 217 327 40,827 34,574 65,971 47,350 45,788 55,904 New England ........... 75 59 136 17,461 11,372 27,386 11,828 9,098 17,291 Middle Atlantic ....... 162 158 191 23,366 23,202 38,585 35,522 36,690 38,613 South ..................... 341 417 461 70,222 91,036 82,692 61,442 88,060 58,338 South Atlantic ........ 144 216 257 35,797 44,339 47,876 24,970 43,603 28,719 East South Central .... 64 72 81 11,717 12,847 12,796 9,765 10,691 8,484 West South Central .... 133 129 123 22,708 33,850 22,020 26,707 33,766 21,135 Midwest ................... 343 500 531 72,816 95,424 111,113 59,964 96,709 83,266 East North Central .... 294 425 406 62,985 80,192 90,844 51,699 81,198 64,110 West North Central .... 49 75 125 9,831 15,232 20,269 8,265 15,511 19,156 West ...................... 350 634 592 74,743 119,746 111,932 62,715 105,320 71,301 Mountain .............. 78 88 77 19,406 18,390 24,357 10,589 14,225 10,231 Pacific ............... 272 546 515 55,337 101,356 87,575 52,126 91,095 61,070 1 See footnote 1, table 1. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Table 5. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance State II I II II I II II I II 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p Total( 1 ) ............ 1,271 1,768 1,911 258,608 340,780 371,708 231,471 335,877 268,809 Alabama ................... 22 20 22 2,764 3,974 3,044 2,700 3,133 2,525 Alaska .................... 5 ( 2 ) - 1,029 ( 2 ) - 848 ( 2 ) - Arizona ................... 38 32 17 8,221 7,899 3,535 6,591 6,759 3,703 Arkansas .................. 9 8 8 1,308 2,168 929 1,132 1,261 560 California ................ 233 446 434 49,107 79,600 72,910 46,441 73,449 50,848 Colorado .................. 11 16 22 5,604 2,422 13,356 1,277 1,829 2,545 Connecticut ............... 12 11 19 3,591 2,473 6,669 1,611 1,723 2,046 Delaware .................. - - - - - - - - - District of Columbia ...... - 7 ( 2 ) - 1,186 ( 2 ) - 1,186 ( 2 ) Florida ................... 88 119 128 15,468 22,383 24,293 14,926 23,820 11,995 Georgia ................... 4 14 15 5,473 2,279 3,517 947 1,623 2,017 Hawaii .................... 5 6 - 465 570 - 465 590 - Idaho ..................... 8 11 5 890 1,593 602 700 1,267 534 Illinois .................. 101 138 159 28,213 30,401 46,617 19,132 23,473 28,169 Indiana ................... 18 42 44 4,614 8,167 12,791 2,549 8,450 7,084 Iowa ...................... 4 17 19 1,430 2,390 4,071 1,430 2,841 2,994 Kansas .................... 8 11 11 1,551 3,680 1,885 1,005 4,199 1,596 Kentucky .................. 14 18 17 3,739 2,187 4,411 1,656 3,037 2,566 Louisiana ................. 5 12 6 724 1,320 454 604 1,349 410 Maine ..................... 7 7 12 1,845 1,796 2,118 655 1,028 1,576 Maryland .................. ( 2 ) 4 11 ( 2 ) 3,161 1,524 ( 2 ) 984 997 Massachusetts ............. 42 30 78 9,939 4,707 13,930 8,020 4,631 9,995 Michigan .................. 69 101 101 12,437 16,980 13,830 13,492 24,546 13,626 Minnesota ................. 19 34 47 3,493 7,172 6,215 3,166 7,211 6,032 Mississippi ............... 6 18 17 948 3,514 1,917 659 2,431 1,441 Missouri .................. 15 10 35 3,118 1,708 6,678 2,261 864 7,191 Montana ................... 5 4 9 396 252 1,700 412 321 1,216 Nebraska .................. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Nevada .................... 3 6 5 377 1,859 589 333 921 433 New Hampshire ............. 5 5 4 1,060 1,231 615 401 738 343 New Jersey ................ 68 25 64 7,983 3,604 14,153 11,349 4,022 12,179 New Mexico ................ 8 4 9 1,998 516 2,492 895 475 1,007 New York .................. 33 47 63 4,569 6,423 12,410 6,989 6,031 7,568 North Carolina ............ 22 39 59 9,732 8,958 11,555 2,557 6,964 8,349 North Dakota .............. - - 7 - - 609 - - 609 Ohio ...................... 68 99 57 12,593 16,035 9,618 11,366 15,735 8,231 Oklahoma .................. 3 7 17 462 1,147 5,005 462 1,019 4,533 Oregon .................... 9 57 38 1,086 11,169 4,827 1,086 11,169 4,827 Pennsylvania .............. 61 86 64 10,814 13,175 12,022 17,184 26,637 18,866 Rhode Island .............. ( 2 ) 5 14 ( 2 ) 965 2,952 ( 2 ) 877 2,229 South Carolina ............ 15 7 16 2,454 1,074 1,347 4,918 3,294 1,709 South Dakota .............. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 5 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 591 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 605 Tennessee ................. 22 16 25 4,266 3,172 3,424 4,750 2,090 1,952 Texas ..................... 116 102 92 20,214 29,215 15,632 24,509 30,137 15,632 Utah ...................... 5 14 10 1,920 3,770 2,083 381 2,574 793 Vermont ................... 8 ( 2 ) 9 956 ( 2 ) 1,102 1,071 ( 2 ) 1,102 Virginia .................. 14 23 25 2,541 4,897 5,367 1,493 5,331 3,379 Washington ................ 20 36 43 3,650 9,928 9,838 3,286 5,798 5,395 West Virginia ............. - 3 - - 401 - - 401 - Wisconsin ................. 38 45 45 5,128 8,609 7,988 5,160 8,994 7,000 Wyoming ................... - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - Puerto Rico ............... 11 21 24 2,480 2,791 5,042 1,942 3,425 5,300 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero.