Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: (202) 691-6392 USDL 00-266 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 691-5902 Wednesday, September 20, 2000 EXTENDED MASS LAYOFFS IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF 2000 In the second quarter of 2000, there were 1,187 mass layoff actions by employers that resulted in the separation of 227,114 workers from their jobs for more than 30 days, according to preliminary figures released by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. Both the number of layoff events and the number of separations were sharply lower than in April-June 1999, with events and separations at their lowest level for any April-June period since the resumption of the Mass Layoff Statistics Program in April 1995. (See table A.) The data in this release do not include the decline in federal government employment of temporary census workers as they completed their assignments. The completion of seasonal work was the major reason cited for layoffs in the second quarter and accounted for 44 percent of all events and 47 percent of all separations. Layoffs due to internal company restructuring resulted in 45,490 separations. Permanent closure of worksites occurred in 14 percent of all events and affected 34,775 workers, down from a year earlier (40,253). The quarterly series on extended mass layoffs cover layoffs of at least 31-days duration that involve 50 or more individuals from a single establishment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance during a consecutive 5-week period. Data for the second quarter are preliminary and subject to revision. This release also includes revised data for previous quarters. Data are not seasonally adjusted, but survey data suggest that there is a seasonal pattern to layoffs. Thus, comparisons between consecutive quarters should not be used as an indicator of trend. Additional information about the program is provided in the technical note that follows the analysis. Industry Distribution of Extended Layoffs In the private sector during April-June 2000, agriculture accounted for 12 percent of all layoff events and 13 percent of all separations. The layoff activity occurred in agricultural services (primarily farm labor contractors) and agricultural crop production (mainly in vegetables and melons) and was almost entirely due to the end of seasonal work. (See table 1.) Twenty-eight percent of all layoff events and 26 percent of separations occurred in manufacturing industries. Layoffs from durable goods industries were most prevalent in transportation equipment (mostly in aircraft and motor vehicle parts and accessories). Among nondurable goods manufacturers, layoffs were most numerous in food and kindred products (primarily in candy and other confectionery products and in canned and frozen fruits and vegetables). - 2 - Table A. Selected measures of mass layoff activity --------------------------------------------------------------------- Period | Layoff events| Separations |Initial claimants --------------------|--------------|--------------|------------------ 1995 | | | April-June..........| 1,724 | 400,891 | 332,731 July-September......| 950 | 193,956 | 154,226 October-December....| 1,764 | 348,036 | 312,428 1996 | | | January-March.......| 1,408 | 272,399 | 224,393 April-June..........| 1,352 | 261,628 | 200,032 July-Septembe(r)....| 1,021 | 233,199 | 185,247 October-December....| 1,916 | 417,044 | 348,073 1997 | | | January-March.......| 1,317 | 255,227 | 224,180 April-June..........| 1,587 | 351,198 | 292,673 July-September......| 1,082 | 217,869 | 209,019 October-December....| 1,697 | 321,821 | 316,035 1998 | | | January-March.......| 1,320 | 208,082 | 247,315 April-June..........| 1,563 | 391,461 | 402,276 July-September......| 1,234 | 248,054 | 256,803 October-December....| 1,734 | 379,976 | 325,990 1999 | | | January-March.......| 1,509 | 277,780 | 252,122 April-June(r).......| 1,444 | 294,968 | 242,464 July-September(r)...| 1,097 | 241,725 | 189,948 October-December(r).| 1,625 | 334,794 | 287,078 2000 | | | January-March(r)....| 1,332 | 255,298 | 219,603 April-June(p).......| 1,187 | 227,114 | 162,726 --------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. Services accounted for 29 percent of events and separations, primarily in social services (mainly child day care services) and in miscellaneous amusement and recreation services. Transportation and public utilities accounted for 9 percent of all layoff events and 10 percent of all separations. These layoffs were largely in local and interurban transit and were most prevalent among school bus companies, occurring as the school year ended. Cutbacks in retail trade accounted for 9 percent of all events and 11 percent of all separations, mostly in eating and drinking places. Layoffs in government establishments accounted for 5 percent of all events and 7 percent of all separations, primarily in educational services. Reasons for Extended Layoff Forty-seven percent of the separations and 44 percent of the events in the second quarter were due to the completion of seasonal work. These layoffs were most numerous among workers in agricultural services (such as farm labor contractors and crop preparation services), in local and interurban transit (mostly in school buses), and in amusement and recreation services. Layoffs due to internal company restructuring (bankruptcy, business ownership change, financial difficulty, and reorganization) comprised 20 percent of layoff events and separations; two out of five of these separations were attributed to company reorganizations. (See table 2.) - 3 - Table B. Distribution of layoff events by size of layoff, April-June 2000p ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | Layoff events | Separations Size |-------------------------|------------------------- | Number | Percent | Number | Percent -------------------|------------|------------|------------|------------ Total...........| 1,187 | 100.0 | 227,114 | 100.0 | | | | 50-99..............| 422 | 35.6 | 30,079 | 13.2 100-149............| 286 | 24.1 | 33,317 | 14.7 150-199............| 135 | 11.4 | 22,554 | 9.9 200-299............| 157 | 13.2 | 35,772 | 15.8 300-499............| 110 | 9.3 | 38,007 | 16.7 500-999............| 65 | 5.5 | 42,408 | 18.7 1,000 or more......| 12 | 1.0 | 24,977 | 11.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. Size of Extended Layoff Layoff events during the second quarter continued to be concentrated at the lower end of the layoff-size spectrum, with 60 percent involving fewer than 150 workers. These events, however, accounted for only 28 percent of all separations. (See table B.) Separations involving 500 or more workers accounted for 30 percent of all separations, down slightly from a year earlier (33 percent). Seasonal layoffs in amusement and recreation services and school bus companies contributed to the higher percentage of laid-off workers in the larger size categories. The average size of layoffs (as measured by separations per layoff event) differed widely by industry, ranging from an average of 85 separations in building materials and garden supplies to 443 in educational services. Initial Claimant Characteristics A total of 162,726 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with mass layoffs in the second quarter of 2000. Of these claimants, 17 percent were black, 54 percent were women, 23 percent were Hispanic, and 15 percent were 55 years of age or older. (See table 3.) Over 2 out of 5 claimants were 30 to 44 years of age. Among the civilian labor force for the same period, 12 percent were black, 47 percent were women, 11 percent were Hispanic, and 13 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-nine percent of the civilian labor force were ages 30 to 44. Geographic Distribution In the second quarter, the number of separations due to extended mass layoff events was higher in the Midwest (64,903) and West (64,829) than in the other regions. (See table 4.) Contributing to extended mass layoffs in the Midwest and West were amusement and recreation services, agricultural services and interurban transit. The lowest number of worker separations was reported in the Northeast region (38,845). Three of the four regions reported over-the-year decreases in separations, with the largest decline occurring in the West (-34,425), primarily in food and kindred products and agricultural services. Within the West region, lower levels of separations this year were reported mainly by employers in the Pacific division, with sharply fewer layoffs in food and kindred products, agricultural services, and transportation equipment. Separations rose in the New England (+5,283) and Mountain (+1,119) divisions. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the largest number of worker separations occurred in California (40,978), followed by Illinois (28,213), Texas (19,195), Florida (13,721), Ohio (11,283) and Pennsylvania (10,814). These six states accounted for 54 percent of total layoff events and 55 percent of all separations during the second quarter of 2000. (See table 5.) After excluding the substantial impact of seasonal work, California still reported the most laid-off workers (18,031). Over the year, the largest decreases in laid-off workers occurred in California (-23,992) and Virginia (-7,348), primarily in agricultural services and transportation equipment. The largest increase occurred in Colorado (+5,210). - 4 - Table C. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from layoff, second quarter 1999-second quarter 2000 --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percentage of events |---------------------------------------------- Nature of the recall | II | III | IV | I | II | 1999 | 1999 | 1999 | 2000r | 2000p ----------------------|---------|--------|--------|--------|--------- Anticipate a recall...| 60.2 | 50.5 | 68.6 | 58.0 | 62.0 | | | | | Timeframe | | | | | | | | | | Within 6 months.......| 84.2 | 82.7 | 81.9 | 79.1 | 88.7 Within 3 months.....| 51.1 | 56.7 | 30.2 | 40.8 | 55.6 | | | | | Size | | | | | | | | | | At least half.........| 91.5 | 88.6 | 88.8 | 88.1 | 92.9 All workers........| 60.3 | 39.7 | 42.7 | 41.1 | 52.7 --------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. Recall Expectations Sixty-two percent of employers reporting a layoff in the second quarter of 2000 indicated they anticipated some type of recall, slightly higher than a year earlier. (See table C.) Among establishments expecting a recall, most employers expected to recall over one-half of the separated employees and to do so within 6 months. Excluding layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period (in which 96 percent of the employers expected a recall), employers expected to recall laid-off workers in 30 percent of the events, somewhat lower than during the same period a year ago (33 percent). In layoff events due to internal company restructuring, employers anticipated a recall in only 6 percent of the events. Technical Note The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program which uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state's unemployment insurance database. Establishments which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The program yields information on an individual's entire spell of unemployment, to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. The MLS program was resumed in April 1995; it had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. However, due to changes in concepts and definitions, data from the resumed program are not comparable to earlier data. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Definitions Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted. Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons subject to recall and those who are terminated by the establishment. - 2 - Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of duration. Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or single- unit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or planned to be closed. Table 1. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Industry II I II II I II II I II 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p Total( 1 )...................................... 1,444 1,332 1,187 294,968 255,298 227,114 242,464 219,603 162,726 Total, private ......................................... 1,377 1,298 1,128 284,317 246,270 210,494 231,521 214,063 153,286 Agriculture ......................................... 175 218 136 36,959 43,439 27,721 25,678 35,799 16,427 Nonagriculture ....................................... 1,199 1,070 986 247,128 201,427 181,823 205,538 176,534 136,197 Manufacturing .................................... 391 467 318 88,992 86,559 54,574 69,175 82,578 43,117 Durable goods ................................. 195 243 167 49,035 43,998 31,500 36,389 43,803 22,407 Lumber and wood products .................... 7 20 14 965 3,161 2,206 634 2,683 1,355 Furniture and fixtures ...................... 6 16 6 776 2,100 944 457 1,668 564 Stone, clay, and glass products ............. 4 19 7 631 2,391 901 605 1,828 807 Primary metal industries .................... 24 13 16 2,690 2,728 2,027 3,655 2,251 1,577 Fabricated metal products ................... 26 26 23 3,442 3,182 3,897 3,478 3,036 2,990 Industrial machinery and equipment .......... 29 36 32 6,702 5,693 5,827 6,442 5,849 3,961 Electronic and other electrical equipment ... 39 36 18 7,556 5,591 2,870 6,432 5,617 2,150 Transportation equipment .................... 38 48 37 23,811 14,008 8,823 11,967 17,348 7,403 Instruments and related products ............ 11 14 7 1,133 3,174 2,918 1,320 1,768 594 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ...... 11 15 7 1,329 1,970 1,087 1,399 1,755 1,006 Nondurable goods .............................. 196 224 151 39,957 42,561 23,074 32,786 38,775 20,710 Food and kindred products ................... 82 94 55 19,286 19,753 8,888 13,523 19,362 8,361 Tobacco products ............................ - 7 ( 2 ) - 2,185 ( 2 ) - 1,772 ( 2 ) Textile mill products ....................... 23 9 7 5,010 3,850 1,370 4,494 1,499 1,533 Apparel and other textile products .......... 40 56 39 7,495 9,090 5,208 7,378 8,892 4,890 Paper and allied products ................... 12 13 12 1,864 1,427 1,965 1,323 1,737 1,115 Printing and publishing ..................... 13 12 14 1,840 1,674 2,134 2,182 1,494 1,620 Chemicals and allied products ............... 8 9 5 1,196 1,365 503 1,062 1,125 586 Petroleum and coal products ................. ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 546 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 526 ( 2 ) Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products .. 12 15 14 2,223 1,483 2,550 1,946 1,380 2,142 Leather and leather products ................ ( 2 ) 5 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,188 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 988 ( 2 ) Nonmanufacturing ................................. 808 603 668 158,136 114,868 127,249 136,363 93,956 93,080 Mining ........................................ 23 19 4 3,807 2,013 556 3,595 1,799 361 Construction ................................... 138 186 61 24,537 22,767 10,564 22,886 23,610 9,285 Transportation and public utilities ............ 89 63 105 19,595 10,137 21,433 18,908 10,413 16,508 Wholesale and retail trade ..................... 172 149 134 36,021 34,848 28,096 28,554 26,850 21,070 Wholesale trade ............................ 35 47 31 4,905 7,753 5,265 3,440 6,059 3,596 Retail trade ............................... 137 102 103 31,116 27,095 22,831 25,114 20,791 17,474 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............ 28 33 41 4,893 15,867 6,085 4,217 5,096 4,818 Services ....................................... 358 153 323 69,283 29,236 60,515 58,203 26,188 41,038 Not identified ...................................... 3 10 6 230 1,404 950 305 1,730 662 Government ............................................. 67 34 59 10,651 9,028 16,620 10,943 5,540 9,440 Federal ........................................ 9 14 12 2,048 6,226 2,900 1,929 2,697 3,045 State .......................................... 11 5 7 2,159 509 1,425 1,509 509 1,326 Local .......................................... 47 15 40 6,444 2,293 12,295 7,505 2,334 5,069 1 For the second quarter 2000, data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 2. Reason for separation: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Reason for separation II I II II I II II I II 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p Total, all reasons( 1 )............. 1,444 1,332 1,187 294,968 255,298 227,114 242,464 219,603 162,726 Automation ............................ ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 762 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 687 ( 2 ) Bankruptcy ............................ 31 32 38 9,148 10,221 7,309 5,104 3,662 4,091 Business ownership change ............. 49 27 35 12,409 4,128 7,552 8,386 2,886 3,136 Contract cancellation ................. 24 16 19 3,854 2,593 2,580 3,072 2,246 1,933 Contract completed .................... 214 129 121 37,263 21,530 29,590 39,578 24,038 20,999 Domestic relocation ................... 16 15 20 2,984 2,167 2,815 2,270 1,947 1,609 Energy-related ........................ 4 - - 395 - - 707 - - Environment-related ................... 4 4 - 1,578 749 - 897 610 - Financial difficulty .................. 54 73 71 13,223 13,277 12,213 8,127 11,990 8,509 Import competition .................... 22 9 13 5,394 3,584 2,564 3,926 1,420 1,846 Labor dispute ......................... 5 7 8 7,653 1,163 2,441 1,189 791 1,450 Material shortage ..................... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Model changeover ...................... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Overseas relocation ................... 14 13 9 2,427 3,902 991 1,827 1,828 843 Plant or machine repair ............... ( 2 ) - 6 ( 2 ) - 1,292 ( 2 ) - 1,162 Product line discontinued ............. 11 6 9 1,498 1,145 1,021 1,793 1,078 827 Reorganization within company ......... 114 130 88 28,695 38,566 18,416 25,801 30,286 14,257 Seasonal work ......................... 536 540 518 116,404 103,034 106,407 84,536 85,856 70,312 Slack work ............................ 142 167 94 19,132 20,685 11,882 23,993 23,701 14,107 Vacation period ....................... 83 8 56 13,345 2,530 8,265 13,854 2,972 6,007 Weather-related ....................... 17 43 ( 2 ) 2,414 3,990 ( 2 ) 1,476 4,482 ( 2 ) Other ................................. 50 43 32 6,859 9,040 4,203 6,748 7,653 4,912 Not reported .......................... 44 61 44 8,700 10,807 5,939 8,066 10,743 5,982 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 3. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, first and second quarters, 2000 Percent of total Total Layoff events initial Hispanic claimants Black origin Women Persons age 55 and over State I II I II I II I II I II I II 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p Total( 1 )........ 1,332 1,187 219,603 162,726 13.1 16.8 28.1 22.7 40.5 54.4 12.5 15.3 Alabama .............. 16 22 1,993 2,291 39.2 53.6 .5 .3 43.1 77.9 11.1 13.4 Alaska ............... 3 5 298 767 .3 4.8 7.0 5.6 24.5 63.0 18.1 12.9 Arizona .............. 30 34 6,261 5,365 1.0 1.8 83.5 58.1 33.5 49.2 13.2 11.5 Arkansas ............. 3 9 197 898 44.2 46.1 1.0 .7 68.0 57.3 5.1 7.5 California ........... 356 218 57,441 29,019 3.6 7.8 68.0 56.7 41.4 52.5 11.0 12.6 Colorado ............. 9 11 1,433 1,251 6.6 3.4 22.3 14.5 46.9 61.1 10.1 10.6 Connecticut .......... 8 12 1,172 1,300 19.5 13.5 8.7 13.3 39.1 69.6 13.4 16.7 Delaware ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - District of Columbia . ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - 85.3 - - - 52.2 - 13.6 - Florida .............. 27 78 4,573 8,589 24.8 25.2 24.9 34.4 42.7 48.9 24.5 19.5 Georgia .............. 9 ( 2 ) 1,158 ( 2 ) 63.1 63.5 2.4 - 72.2 94.8 13.8 8.3 Hawaii ............... 9 3 918 244 .3 .4 1.7 .4 30.9 36.9 21.6 22.5 Idaho ................ 11 8 1,083 668 .2 .3 19.4 3.6 34.7 36.5 10.7 13.9 Illinois ............. 90 101 13,469 15,309 29.5 24.7 13.5 6.8 42.2 57.1 10.6 14.7 Indiana .............. 23 17 2,881 1,946 8.4 32.5 3.0 3.1 36.1 67.6 11.8 14.4 Iowa ................. 27 3 3,415 1,129 .6 .7 1.3 3.2 40.7 26.9 11.0 17.6 Kansas ............... 3 8 242 982 11.2 16.7 4.5 5.5 48.8 43.2 5.8 14.1 Kentucky ............. 16 16 1,830 1,710 12.2 10.6 .4 .4 54.5 45.6 8.7 13.8 Louisiana ............ 20 ( 2 ) 3,164 ( 2 ) 33.2 33.7 2.3 - 19.8 16.3 8.8 12.8 Maine ................ 4 3 1,217 291 .3 .7 .2 .3 55.8 51.2 15.9 5.8 Maryland ............. 4 ( 2 ) 638 ( 2 ) 46.6 87.6 .3 .8 22.3 75.2 22.6 2.3 Massachusetts ........ 35 42 5,255 6,486 4.8 10.3 6.2 9.1 44.9 71.0 16.5 22.9 Michigan ............. 65 69 11,467 9,267 17.9 14.8 2.7 2.0 33.9 50.1 8.9 12.1 Minnesota ............ 23 16 3,277 2,073 10.6 4.3 .9 2.8 28.7 40.7 11.5 17.2 Mississippi .......... 9 6 1,701 520 42.7 72.1 1.4 .2 37.3 67.9 8.0 5.6 Missouri ............. 10 11 1,023 1,715 15.0 18.0 .8 1.3 67.0 39.6 19.6 22.0 Montana .............. ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) 324 .8 .3 7.4 2.2 11.6 42.0 17.4 19.1 Nebraska ............. 4 ( 2 ) 474 ( 2 ) 19.2 22.1 5.9 5.9 62.4 70.6 9.9 5.9 Nevada ............... 10 3 933 309 4.0 36.6 18.4 10.4 25.3 55.7 13.4 12.6 New Hampshire ........ ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) 215 - - .5 3.7 9.2 64.2 17.5 20.9 New Jersey ........... 33 65 4,082 9,122 19.4 19.8 19.8 18.0 48.1 67.1 18.3 29.5 New Mexico ........... 6 8 479 738 2.1 .7 62.2 42.8 29.6 61.0 9.0 11.9 New York ............. 45 33 6,304 3,295 11.3 15.5 12.8 17.5 46.5 58.4 11.5 13.4 North Carolina ....... 23 22 3,283 2,544 68.5 41.4 2.2 2.9 61.3 54.9 14.8 15.4 North Dakota ......... ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - 1.4 - 4.7 - 38.0 - 5.7 - Ohio ................. 83 68 9,794 8,932 14.1 18.1 1.5 1.8 30.7 44.4 10.6 13.1 Oklahoma ............. 6 3 903 359 13.7 10.9 2.3 18.9 37.1 9.5 20.0 8.6 Oregon ............... 22 6 2,923 549 1.3 .9 24.6 10.7 56.0 43.7 16.4 12.2 Pennsylvania ......... 79 61 19,414 13,229 7.1 6.9 1.3 1.5 35.5 55.6 15.3 17.6 Rhode Island ......... 3 ( 2 ) 728 ( 2 ) 4.8 - 3.0 - 82.4 97.1 20.7 31.4 South Carolina ....... 5 15 599 2,313 39.6 64.8 2.0 .6 69.3 71.9 6.2 1.9 South Dakota ......... - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - .3 - - - 68.2 - 17.4 Tennessee ............ 30 6 4,909 772 23.5 14.6 .5 1.8 63.8 64.9 19.8 18.7 Texas ................ 80 115 18,034 19,155 17.9 21.2 45.8 42.2 35.8 48.8 11.9 13.5 Utah ................. 5 5 375 376 1.3 - 15.2 1.3 21.1 54.5 9.3 6.1 Vermont .............. - 8 - 910 - .8 - .2 - 46.3 - 12.4 Virginia ............. 21 14 3,183 1,339 51.5 42.6 .6 .7 53.4 83.9 12.6 17.4 Washington ........... 18 20 7,245 2,630 2.3 4.9 8.5 20.2 24.7 47.3 10.7 14.7 West Virginia ........ 6 - 668 - .1 - - - 29.8 - 16.2 - Wisconsin ............ 36 29 8,377 3,025 10.5 21.6 5.1 2.0 50.6 59.2 12.3 16.9 Wyoming .............. - - - - - - - - - - - - Puerto Rico .......... 16 11 2,484 1,665 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 47.3 46.7 5.4 6.8 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 Data are not available. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 4. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Census region and division II I II II I II II I II 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p United States( 1 ).... 1,444 1,332 1,187 294,968 255,298 227,114 242,464 219,603 162,726 Northeast ................. 201 209 228 36,451 35,563 38,845 40,528 38,378 34,918 New England ........... 57 52 69 11,153 13,082 16,436 9,955 8,578 9,272 Middle Atlantic ....... 144 157 159 25,298 22,481 22,409 30,573 29,800 25,646 South ..................... 403 276 309 80,440 59,245 58,537 68,751 47,017 40,801 South Atlantic ........ 183 96 131 42,002 22,569 28,701 28,179 14,286 15,010 East South Central .... 61 71 50 8,769 9,799 8,937 8,022 10,433 5,293 West South Central .... 159 109 128 29,669 26,877 20,899 32,550 22,298 20,498 Midwest ................... 371 366 325 78,823 72,119 64,903 63,499 54,698 44,767 East North Central .... 313 297 284 70,269 58,943 56,343 55,724 45,988 38,479 West North Central .... 58 69 41 8,554 13,176 8,560 7,775 8,710 6,288 West ...................... 469 481 325 99,254 88,371 64,829 69,686 79,510 42,240 Mountain .............. 89 73 73 17,285 13,287 18,404 11,642 10,685 9,031 Pacific ............... 380 408 252 81,969 75,084 46,425 58,044 68,825 33,209 1 See footnote 1, table 1. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Table 5. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance State II I II II I II II I II 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p Total( 1 ) .............. 1,444 1,332 1,187 294,968 255,298 227,114 242,464 219,603 162,726 Alabama ..................... 32 16 22 4,376 1,899 2,764 4,522 1,993 2,291 Alaska ...................... 6 3 5 1,578 768 1,004 815 298 767 Arizona ..................... 27 30 34 6,135 7,638 7,421 4,803 6,261 5,365 Arkansas .................... 8 3 9 1,547 310 1,259 997 197 898 California .................. 305 356 218 64,970 65,947 40,978 45,019 57,441 29,019 Colorado .................... 4 9 11 373 1,767 5,583 389 1,433 1,251 Connecticut ................. 11 8 12 2,541 1,420 3,567 2,109 1,172 1,300 Delaware .................... - - - - - - - - - District of Columbia ........ - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - Florida ..................... 94 27 78 19,078 7,270 13,721 13,073 4,573 8,589 Georgia ..................... 15 9 ( 2 ) 3,382 1,367 ( 2 ) 3,023 1,158 ( 2 ) Hawaii ...................... 15 9 3 1,562 897 244 1,499 918 244 Idaho ....................... 8 11 8 1,059 1,330 890 804 1,083 668 Illinois .................... 107 90 101 31,630 19,084 28,213 21,752 13,469 15,309 Indiana ..................... 20 23 17 4,366 3,626 4,314 3,440 2,881 1,946 Iowa ........................ 4 27 3 482 3,415 1,129 698 3,415 1,129 Kansas ...................... 10 3 8 1,183 247 1,551 1,268 242 982 Kentucky .................... 6 16 16 962 2,130 4,131 538 1,830 1,710 Louisiana ................... 20 20 ( 2 ) 4,368 2,826 ( 2 ) 3,833 3,164 ( 2 ) Maine ....................... 7 4 3 1,541 1,769 1,440 863 1,217 291 Maryland .................... 7 4 ( 2 ) 628 881 ( 2 ) 692 638 ( 2 ) Massachusetts ............... 35 35 42 6,422 7,999 9,939 6,611 5,255 6,486 Michigan .................... 66 65 69 12,549 10,982 9,107 12,632 11,467 9,267 Minnesota ................... 26 23 16 3,846 6,844 3,140 2,843 3,277 2,073 Mississippi ................. 6 9 6 917 3,704 948 746 1,701 520 Missouri .................... 15 10 11 2,541 1,917 2,501 2,540 1,023 1,715 Montana ..................... 8 ( 2 ) 4 691 ( 2 ) 308 642 ( 2 ) 324 Nebraska .................... - 4 ( 2 ) - 474 ( 2 ) - 474 ( 2 ) Nevada ...................... 22 10 3 3,616 1,098 354 3,032 933 309 New Hampshire ............... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 510 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 215 New Jersey .................. 41 33 65 6,497 3,412 7,793 5,930 4,082 9,122 New Mexico .................. 12 6 8 1,989 565 1,928 1,298 479 738 New York .................... 21 45 33 4,502 5,465 3,802 3,503 6,304 3,295 North Carolina .............. 23 23 22 6,493 4,771 9,732 3,664 3,283 2,544 North Dakota ................ ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - Ohio ........................ 77 83 68 12,662 11,748 11,283 11,525 9,794 8,932 Oklahoma .................... 11 6 3 1,906 903 359 1,900 903 359 Oregon ...................... 28 22 6 5,546 2,940 549 3,437 2,923 549 Pennsylvania ................ 82 79 61 14,299 13,604 10,814 21,140 19,414 13,229 Rhode Island ................ 3 3 ( 2 ) 549 1,609 ( 2 ) 254 728 ( 2 ) South Carolina .............. 24 5 15 2,471 421 2,448 4,625 599 2,313 South Dakota ................ ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) Tennessee ................... 17 30 6 2,514 2,066 1,094 2,216 4,909 772 Texas ....................... 120 80 115 21,848 22,838 19,195 25,820 18,034 19,155 Utah ........................ 7 5 5 2,522 760 1,920 609 375 376 Vermont ..................... - - 8 - - 910 - - 910 Virginia .................... 19 21 14 9,889 6,920 2,541 3,041 3,183 1,339 Washington .................. 26 18 20 8,313 4,532 3,650 7,274 7,245 2,630 West Virginia ............... ( 2 ) 6 - ( 2 ) 755 - ( 2 ) 668 - Wisconsin ................... 43 36 29 9,062 13,503 3,426 6,375 8,377 3,025 Wyoming ..................... ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - Puerto Rico ................. 12 16 11 2,771 2,780 2,480 3,029 2,484 1,665 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero.