Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov:80/newsrels.htm Technical information: (202) 606-6396 USDL 97-349 For release:10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 606-5902 Wednesday, October 8, 1997 EXTENDED MASS LAYOFFS IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF 1997 In April through June of 1997, there were 1,301 mass layoff actions by employers, resulting in the separation of 274,712 workers from their jobs for more than 30 days, according to preliminary figures released by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. (Preliminary figures may not include all states.) In the same period a year earlier, employers reported that they had laid off 251,617 workers in 1,345 extended layoff events. "Seasonal work" was the major reason cited for the second- quarter 1997 layoffs and accounted for 47 percent of the events and 52 percent of the separations. "Contract completion," "financial difficulty," and "reorganization within the company" together accounted for 26 percent of the events and 28 percent of the separations. Closure of worksites occurred in 21 percent of all events and directly affected 92,543 workers. The quarterly series on extended mass layoffs covers layoffs of at least 31 days duration that involve 50 or more individuals from a single establishment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance during a consecutive 5-week period. Data for the second quarter are preliminary and subject to revision. This release also includes revised data for previous quarters. Data are not seasonally adjusted, but earlier surveys suggest that there is a seasonal pattern to layoffs. Thus, comparisons between consecutive quarters should not be used as an indicator of trend. Additional information about the program is provided in the technical note that follows the analysis. Industry Distribution of Extended Layoffs Layoffs in agriculture accounted for 10 percent of all layoff events and 8 percent of all separations. These occurred primarily among crop production workers and farm labor contractors and were almost entirely seasonal in nature. (See table 1.) Layoffs in construction accounted for 9 percent of all layoff events and 7 percent of all separations and occurred largely in heavy construction. Manufacturing accounted for 25 percent of all layoff events and 22 percent of all separations. Layoffs in durable goods industries were most numerous in shipbuilding and repairing. In nondurable goods industries, layoffs were most prevalent in food processing. (See table 2.) - 2 - Table A. Selected measures of mass layoff activity --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Period | Layoff events | Separations | Initial claimants --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1995 | | | April-June (r)..........| 1,724 | 401,789 | 332,731 July-September (r)......| 950 | 191,398 | 154,209 October-December (r)....| 1,761 | 337,895 | 310,758 1996 | | | January-March (r).......| 1,406 | 266,048 | 224,007 April-June (r)..........| 1,345 | 251,617 | 200,040 July-September (r)......| 1,017 | 226,560 | 190,692 October-December (r)....| 1,907 | 411,378 | 354,868 1997 | | | January-March (r).......| 1,239 | 230,540 | 203,959 April-June (p)..........| 1,301 | 274,712 | 177,871 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary r=revised Layoffs in the services industry accounted for 26 percent of all layoff events and 25 percent of separations and took place mostly in social services and amusement and recreation services. Retail trade (primarily eating and drinking places and department stores) accounted for 10 percent of all layoff events and 13 percent of all separations. Government layoffs accounted for an additional 9 percent of all events and 13 percent of all separations, mostly due to local government layoffs in elementary and secondary education as the school year ended. Layoffs from business establishments in industries identified as "defense-related" totaled 4,323 workers in the second quarter. Reasons for Extended Layoff Over half the separations in the second quarter were due to "seasonal work." These layoffs were most numerous among workers in educational services, amusement and recreation services, eating and drinking places, and social services. After seasonal layoffs, "contract completion" was the most cited reason for separation and was most frequent among establishments in heavy construction other than building construction, business services, and motion pictures. (See table 3.) The largest number of separations due to internal company restructuring ("business ownership change," "bankruptcy," "financial difficulty," and "reorganization") occurred in general merchandise stores. - 3 - Table B. Distribution of layoff events by size of layoff, April-June 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Layoff events | Separations Size |------------------------------------------------------- | Number | Percent | Number | Percent -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | Total......| 1,301 | 100.0 | 274,712 | 100.0 | | | | 50-99...........| 492 | 37.8 | 35,205 | 12.8 100-149.........| 287 | 22.1 | 33,573 | 12.2 150-199.........| 158 | 12.1 | 26,387 | 9.6 200-299.........| 144 | 11.1 | 33,110 | 12.1 300-499.........| 124 | 9.5 | 46,500 | 16.9 500-999.........| 74 | 5.7 | 47,508 | 17.3 1,000 or more...| 22 | 1.7 | 52,429 | 19.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Size of Extended Layoff Layoff events during the second quarter were concentrated at the lower end of the layoff-size spectrum, with 60 percent involving fewer than 150 workers. These, however, accounted for only 25 percent of all separations. This compares with 64 percent and 30 percent, respectively, a year earlier. Separations involving 500 or more workers accounted for 36 percent of all separations but comprised only about 7 percent of all layoff events. (See table B.) The average size of layoffs (as measured by separations per layoff event) differed widely by industry, ranging from an average of 92 separations in communications to 587 in general merchandise stores. Initial Claimant Characteristics A total of 177,871 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with mass layoffs in the second quarter of 1997. Of these claimants, 18 percent were black, 54 percent were women, 25 percent were Hispanic, and 27 percent were 55 years of age or older. (See table 4.) About 2 out of 5 claimants were between the ages of 30 to 44. Among the civilian labor force for the same period, 11 percent were black, 46 percent were women, 10 percent were Hispanic, and 12 percent were 55 years of age or older. Forty percent of the civilian labor force were between the ages of 30 to 44. Geographic Distribution The largest number of worker separations occurred in California (61,798), followed by Florida (40,430), Texas (23,085), and Illinois (20,238). These - 4 - Table C. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from layoff, April-June 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------- Nature of recall | Percentage of events ---------------------------|---------------------------------- Anticipate a recall.......| 70.3 | Timeframe | | Within 6 months...........| 83.9 Within 3 months.........| 56.1 | Size | | At least half.............| 91.5 All workers.............| 67.9 -------------------------------------------------------------- four states accounted for 49 percent of total layoff events and 53 percent of all separations during the second quarter of 1997. (See table 5.) After excluding the substantial impact of seasonal layoffs, California (40,015) still reported the most laid-off workers. (At the time these figures were compiled, layoffs from Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, and Pennsylvania were not available for second quarter 1997.) Over the year, Florida reported the largest increase (19,981 workers) in laid-off workers, primarily due to more layoffs in educational services, followed closely by California (14,447). Arizona reported the biggest decrease (6,583 workers), with the decline occurring mainly in agricultural services. Recall Expectations Seventy percent of employers reporting a layoff in the second quarter indicated that they anticipated some type of recall, up from 63 percent a year ago. (See table C.) However, excluding layoff events due to "seasonal work" and "vacation period" (in which about 96 percent of the employers expected a recall), employers expected to recall laid-off workers in 43 percent of the events, up from 40 percent a year earlier. Among all establishments expecting a recall, a substantial proportion of employers expected to recall over one-half of the separated employees and to do so in the relatively near term. Technical Note The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program which uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state's unemployment insurance database. Establishments which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The program yields information on an individual's entire spell of unemployment, to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. The MLS program was resumed in April 1995; it had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. However, due to changes in concepts and definitions, data from the resumed program are not comparable to earlier data. In addition to this quarterly release, the Bureau of Labor Statistics also issues a monthly release on mass layoffs. This covers mass layoffs of 50 or more workers beginning in a given month, regardless of the duration. Information on the length of the layoff is obtained later for the quarterly series, which includes only mass layoffs lasting more than 30 days and provides more information on the establishment classification and location and on the demographics of the laid-off workers. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-326-2577. Definitions Defense-related industries. Industries that have been identified as vulnerable to Department of Defense budget reductions and the elimination of defense weapons systems. "Ordnance and accessories," "aircraft and parts," "shipbuilding and repairing," "guided missiles and space vehicles," "tanks and tank components," and "search and navigation equipment" industries have been identified as defense-related industries based on analysis that at least 50 percent of industry output was consumed by the U.S. Department of Defense. Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted. Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons subject to recall and those who are terminated by the establishment. Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of duration. Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or single- unit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or planned to be closed. Table 1. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, first and second quarters, 1997 Initial claimants for Establishments Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Industry I II I II I II I II 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p Total ( 1 )........................... 1,226 1,277 1,239 1,301 230,540 274,712 203,959 177,871 Total, private ............................... 1,205 1,167 1,218 1,189 226,814 238,330 199,910 165,837 Agriculture ............................... 139 125 141 126 19,258 21,769 19,800 13,827 Nonagriculture ............................. 1,064 1,039 1,075 1,060 207,399 216,124 179,919 151,738 Manufacturing .......................... 410 319 414 330 71,797 59,081 62,500 46,051 Durable goods ....................... 203 127 204 131 31,632 23,052 31,014 17,055 Nondurable goods .................... 207 192 210 199 40,165 36,029 31,486 28,996 Nonmanufacturing ....................... 654 720 661 730 135,602 157,043 117,419 105,687 Mining .............................. 14 3 15 3 2,443 1,156 2,105 624 Construction ......................... 216 114 220 114 30,921 19,677 32,332 17,167 Transportation and public utilities .. 62 81 62 85 12,857 20,596 10,313 15,312 Wholesale and retail trade ........... 161 150 162 156 40,659 40,455 28,007 24,025 Wholesale trade .................. 22 27 22 29 2,544 4,035 2,339 2,600 Retail trade ..................... 139 123 140 127 38,115 36,420 25,668 21,425 Finance, insurance, and real estate .. 29 28 30 28 5,163 5,659 6,055 3,999 Services ............................. 172 344 172 344 43,559 69,500 38,607 44,560 Not identified ............................ 2 3 2 3 157 437 191 272 Government ................................... 21 110 21 112 3,726 36,382 4,049 12,034 Federal .............................. 10 6 10 7 2,299 1,665 2,438 1,567 State ................................ 5 14 5 14 682 4,197 737 1,919 Local ................................ 6 90 6 91 745 30,520 874 8,548 1 For the second quarter of 1997, data on layoffs were reported by employers in the District of Columbia and all states, except Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. In addition, layoff data for the first quarter of 1997 were not reported by Nebraska. r = revised. p = preliminary. Table 2. Manufacturing: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, first and second quarters, 1997 Initial claimants for Establishments Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Industry I II I II I II I II 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p Total manufacturing ( 1 )............... 410 319 414 330 71,797 59,081 62,500 46,051 Durable goods ................................ 203 127 204 131 31,632 23,052 31,014 17,055 Lumber and wood products ................. 27 3 27 3 3,456 338 4,189 256 Furniture and fixtures ................... 7 8 7 8 1,398 1,752 1,063 762 Stone, clay, and glass products .......... 21 6 21 6 1,998 895 2,170 547 Primary metal industries ................. 16 8 17 8 5,787 1,456 2,742 977 Fabricated metal products ................ 27 13 27 14 3,406 1,832 3,179 1,458 Industrial machinery and equipment ....... 20 25 20 26 3,219 4,556 4,233 3,577 Electronic and other electrical equipment. 36 17 36 17 5,012 1,763 5,166 1,690 Transportation equipment ................. 32 34 32 36 5,452 7,845 6,419 6,161 Instruments and related products ......... 7 6 7 6 543 1,208 588 875 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ... 10 7 10 7 1,361 1,407 1,265 752 Nondurable goods ............................. 207 192 210 199 40,165 36,029 31,486 28,996 Food and kindred products ................ 79 82 79 85 18,877 18,330 14,597 11,934 Tobacco products ......................... 7 ( 2 ) 7 ( 2 ) 2,151 ( 2 ) 1,305 ( 2 ) Textile mill products .................... 11 11 13 11 2,182 1,270 1,673 1,204 Apparel and other textile products ....... 51 42 52 44 7,990 6,479 7,326 9,334 Paper and allied products ................ 13 12 13 12 2,013 2,398 1,587 1,250 Printing and publishing .................. 9 12 9 12 1,360 1,344 1,121 1,159 Chemicals and allied products ............ 9 6 9 6 1,441 983 1,021 755 Petroleum and coal products .............. 6 ( 2 ) 6 ( 2 ) 420 ( 2 ) 597 ( 2 ) Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products 17 14 17 14 2,886 1,977 1,557 1,618 Leather and leather products ............. 5 8 5 10 845 1,908 702 924 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. Table 3. Reason for separation: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, first and second quarters, 1997 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Reason for separation I II I II I II 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p Total, all reasons ( 1 )......... 1,241 1,301 230,764 274,712 204,320 177,871 Automation ......................... 6 ( 2 ) 1,264 ( 2 ) 1,247 ( 2 ) Bankruptcy ......................... 32 7 10,988 683 6,532 498 Business ownership change .......... 33 27 8,876 5,555 6,096 3,324 Contract cancellation .............. 16 13 2,768 1,992 1,461 1,444 Contract completed ................. 147 212 35,312 43,908 41,555 37,467 Domestic relocation ................ 23 21 4,123 5,909 2,897 2,141 Environment-related ................ 3 - 401 - 379 - Financial difficulty ............... 30 35 4,841 17,769 3,729 5,197 Import competition ................. 17 13 4,331 3,073 2,686 1,721 Labor dispute ...................... 4 7 3,763 1,727 699 1,333 Material shortage .................. 6 ( 2 ) 594 ( 2 ) 498 ( 2 ) Model changeover ................... ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) 994 ( 2 ) 1,014 Natural disaster ................... ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - Overseas relocation ................ 9 12 1,328 2,732 1,136 5,286 Plant or machine repair ............ ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) 709 ( 2 ) 324 Product line discontinued .......... 7 10 1,006 2,660 1,136 1,579 Reorganization within company ...... 136 97 19,333 15,781 19,874 12,301 Seasonal work ...................... 429 616 78,350 141,857 64,776 80,638 Slack work ......................... 198 111 30,082 13,148 28,150 11,250 Vacation period .................... ( 2 ) 55 ( 2 ) 7,934 ( 2 ) 6,051 Weather-related .................... 28 ( 2 ) 4,591 ( 2 ) 4,265 ( 2 ) Other .............................. 60 40 11,454 6,121 9,535 4,223 Not reported ....................... 50 12 6,048 1,651 6,717 1,694 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 4. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, first and second quarters, 1997 Percent of total Total initial Hispanic Persons age 55 Layoff events claimants Black origin Women and over I II I II I II I II I II I II 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p Total ( 1 )......... 1,241 1,301 204,320 177,871 13.2 18.1 22.1 24.9 38.7 54.2 20.5 27.2 Alabama ................ 6 14 674 1,882 24.8 56.6 .3 .6 18.8 43.5 16.0 11.6 Alaska ................. 5 8 541 981 1.7 2.9 1.3 13.3 19.0 43.0 13.1 15.4 Arizona ................ 6 10 769 2,158 2.7 .1 67.0 81.1 24.1 26.3 16.1 7.7 Arkansas ............... 3 14 1,562 1,267 28.0 30.7 .1 1.4 49.9 73.6 12.2 12.9 California ............. 363 308 71,007 45,556 7.0 8.3 42.1 43.6 39.1 48.1 11.0 12.1 Colorado ............... 8 11 696 1,475 8.8 5.4 16.7 21.2 39.2 69.8 10.5 12.6 Connecticut ............ 6 12 920 1,392 15.4 11.7 3.7 5.8 61.0 43.3 14.3 17.7 Delaware ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - District of Columbia ... 4 - 624 - 56.6 - 1.8 - 70.4 - 8.3 - Florida ................ 56 117 7,980 10,611 23.0 27.5 33.1 28.9 37.4 51.4 21.9 21.8 Georgia ................ 17 22 2,820 3,008 40.6 63.3 1.8 .9 51.4 74.2 12.9 11.9 Hawaii ................. 8 4 938 330 1.7 - .9 .3 24.6 70.6 21.9 18.8 Idaho .................. 9 9 1,151 836 .4 .2 10.3 20.3 36.3 55.3 12.9 13.9 Illinois ............... 102 106 14,286 16,828 19.0 22.0 8.5 7.2 29.3 53.7 14.4 15.6 Indiana ................ 22 ( 1 ) 2,264 ( 1 ) 5.9 ( 1 ) 2.7 ( 1 ) 20.4 ( 1 ) 12.8 ( 1 ) Iowa ................... - ( 1 ) - ( 1 ) - ( 1 ) - ( 1 ) - ( 1 ) - ( 1 ) Kansas ................. ( 2 ) 9 ( 2 ) 935 9.1 18.8 8.2 2.9 5.0 62.1 19.5 12.5 Kentucky ............... - 7 - 466 - 7.5 - .4 - 75.3 - 8.8 Louisiana .............. 10 19 2,189 1,742 41.0 47.2 4.3 1.0 27.4 47.4 11.1 8.3 Maine .................. 13 9 1,433 1,120 .5 .2 .2 - 38.7 36.9 11.4 11.9 Maryland ............... 22 21 2,973 2,254 30.8 51.4 2.8 1.2 38.7 58.3 16.7 19.0 Massachusetts .......... 23 35 2,595 4,619 7.3 7.9 8.8 8.1 51.7 66.1 15.8 21.8 Michigan ............... 22 ( 1 ) 2,114 ( 1 ) 16.1 ( 1 ) 2.3 ( 1 ) 49.4 ( 1 ) 13.5 ( 1 ) Minnesota .............. 17 21 2,421 2,386 2.5 4.6 5.3 1.7 37.1 54.7 8.6 17.4 Mississippi ............ 6 6 1,129 1,067 50.6 52.9 .3 .3 32.7 33.0 6.7 14.1 Missouri ............... 31 72 4,100 8,970 7.0 25.7 1.0 .6 60.2 69.6 18.9 20.4 Montana ................ ( 2 ) 8 ( 2 ) 635 .5 .6 8.6 1.7 57.5 51.0 12.4 15.3 Nebraska ............... ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) 10.8 ( 1 ) 1.5 ( 1 ) 6.2 ( 1 ) 33.8 Nevada ................. 11 7 1,935 709 10.9 18.3 19.1 19.3 39.5 38.5 13.1 14.0 New Hampshire .......... ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - - - - - 64.2 - 18.4 - New Jersey ............. 55 80 8,036 11,818 23.9 18.4 22.2 18.0 52.8 70.0 21.5 29.4 New Mexico ............. 9 14 1,335 1,613 5.0 1.2 52.4 58.6 31.4 69.6 8.5 10.9 New York ............... 9 40 885 5,623 5.3 11.5 5.3 6.7 45.1 47.9 12.5 18.2 North Carolina ......... 27 22 3,401 2,725 52.2 52.8 1.3 1.1 54.1 53.4 19.7 16.6 North Dakota ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - Ohio ................... 87 74 12,869 8,299 11.5 16.7 2.1 1.9 33.0 59.0 12.3 12.4 Oklahoma ............... ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) 395 5.4 4.1 8.9 3.3 44.6 33.9 – 14.4 Oregon ................. 7 4 843 375 1.4 1.3 16.0 1.6 46.6 66.4 18.7 7.2 Pennsylvania ........... 86 ( 1 ) 11,806 ( 1 ) 5.9 ( 1 ) 1.8 ( 1 ) 35.9 ( 1 ) 15.7 ( 1 ) Rhode Island ........... 3 ( 2 ) 427 ( 2 ) 17.1 1.8 14.1 53.6 48.5 79.1 23.4 22.7 South Carolina ......... 13 18 2,290 2,041 54.1 58.9 1.0 .5 66.9 78.4 - - South Dakota ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - Tennessee .............. 8 19 1,105 2,239 10.2 24.9 .2 .3 62.8 73.2 19.8 20.6 Texas .................. 76 101 16,788 23,725 14.5 14.9 35.1 54.1 22.7 47.0 100.0 100.0 Utah ................... ( 2 ) 6 ( 2 ) 714 .8 1.0 3.4 6.9 36.1 56.6 21.8 6.3 Vermont ................ - - - - - - - - - - - - Virginia ............... 20 16 3,152 1,721 33.2 52.9 .3 .2 48.9 63.2 12.3 17.7 Washington ............. 10 14 1,438 1,466 3.3 4.0 2.9 6.8 51.9 41.6 11.2 16.2 West Virginia .......... ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) 242 .2 8.7 - - 1.7 85.1 19.3 12.0 Wisconsin .............. 49 34 11,532 3,363 3.3 17.0 1.8 2.1 46.2 57.4 12.9 18.7 Wyoming ................ ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - - - 41.2 - 24.5 - 13.7 - Puerto Rico ............ 15 19 2,694 2,958 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 30.9 48.4 13.2 10.5 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 Data are not available. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 5. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, first and second quarters, 1997 Initial claimants for Establishments Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance State I II I II I II I II 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p 1997r 1997p Total ( 1 ).......... 1,228 1,277 1,241 1,301 230,764 274,712 204,320 177,871 Alabama ................. 5 14 6 14 1,038 3,475 674 1,882 Alaska .................. 5 8 5 8 804 3,521 541 981 Arizona ................. 6 10 6 10 857 2,476 769 2,158 Arkansas ................ 3 14 3 14 3,075 1,404 1,562 1,267 California .............. 358 302 363 308 67,433 61,798 71,007 45,556 Colorado ................ 8 11 8 11 1,194 7,478 696 1,475 Connecticut ............. 6 12 6 12 739 2,425 920 1,392 Delaware ................ - - - - - - - - District of Columbia .... 4 - 4 - 1,761 - 624 - Florida ................. 56 117 56 117 9,910 40,430 7,980 10,611 Georgia ................. 15 22 17 22 7,132 5,164 2,820 3,008 Hawaii .................. 7 4 8 4 840 628 938 330 Idaho ................... 9 9 9 9 1,782 1,517 1,151 836 Illinois ................ 101 106 102 106 15,684 20,238 14,286 16,828 Indiana ................. 22 ( 1 ) 22 ( 1 ) 2,163 ( 1 ) 2,264 ( 1 ) Iowa .................... - ( 1 ) - ( 1 ) - ( 1 ) - ( 1 ) Kansas .................. ( 2 ) 9 ( 2 ) 9 ( 2 ) 1,292 ( 2 ) 935 Kentucky ................ - 7 - 7 - 1,315 - 466 Louisiana ............... 10 19 10 19 1,731 2,835 2,189 1,742 Maine ................... 13 9 13 9 4,000 2,046 1,433 1,120 Maryland ................ 22 21 22 21 2,845 2,784 2,973 2,254 Massachusetts ........... 23 35 23 35 2,930 4,913 2,595 4,619 Michigan ................ 22 ( 1 ) 22 ( 1 ) 2,089 ( 1 ) 2,114 ( 1 ) Minnesota ............... 17 21 17 21 2,550 3,395 2,421 2,386 Mississippi ............. 6 6 6 6 1,496 1,584 1,129 1,067 Missouri ................ 30 55 31 72 4,847 14,743 4,100 8,970 Montana ................. ( 2 ) 8 ( 2 ) 8 ( 2 ) 1,436 ( 2 ) 635 Nebraska ................ ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) Nevada .................. 11 7 11 7 1,683 694 1,935 709 New Hampshire ........... ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - New Jersey .............. 55 79 55 80 9,441 13,523 8,036 11,818 New Mexico .............. 9 14 9 14 1,260 2,403 1,335 1,613 New York ................ 9 40 9 40 2,574 12,002 885 5,623 North Carolina .......... 27 22 27 22 6,407 5,656 3,401 2,725 North Dakota ............ - - - - - - - - Ohio .................... 87 74 87 74 16,746 11,475 12,869 8,299 Oklahoma ................ ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) 655 ( 2 ) 395 Oregon .................. 7 4 7 4 7,497 1,561 843 375 Pennsylvania ............ 85 ( 1 ) 86 ( 1 ) 10,668 ( 1 ) 11,806 ( 1 ) Rhode Island ............ 3 ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) 340 ( 2 ) 427 ( 2 ) South Carolina .......... 13 18 13 18 1,963 1,873 2,290 2,041 South Dakota ............ - - - - - - - - Tennessee ............... 8 19 8 19 570 1,630 1,105 2,239 Texas ................... 75 101 76 101 15,776 23,085 16,788 23,725 Utah .................... ( 2 ) 6 ( 2 ) 6 ( 2 ) 1,897 ( 2 ) 714 Vermont ................. - - - - - - - - Virginia ................ 20 16 20 16 4,762 3,257 3,152 1,721 Washington .............. 10 14 10 14 3,085 1,999 1,438 1,466 West Virginia ........... ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) 242 ( 2 ) 242 Wisconsin ............... 49 34 49 34 9,179 5,225 11,532 3,363 Wyoming ................. ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - Puerto Rico ............. 15 19 15 19 2,908 3,201 2,694 2,958 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero.