Technical information: (202) 691-6392 USDL 01-425 http://www.bls.gov/mls/ For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Media contact: 691-5902 Thursday, November 15, 2001 EXTENDED MASS LAYOFFS IN THE THIRD QUARTER OF 2001 In the third quarter of 2001, there were 1,689 mass layoff actions by employers that resulted in the separation of 349,866 workers from their jobs for more than 30 days, according to preliminary figures released by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. Both the total number of layoff events and the number of separations were sharply higher than July-September 2000. This marks the fourth consecutive quarter of significant over-the-year increases in extended mass layoff activity. For the first three quarters of 2001, the number of worker separations totaled 1,171,572, up from 743,357 during the same period in 2000 and slightly more than the total for all of 2000 (1,170,423). (See table A.) Lack of demand for employers' products and services (slack work) accounted for 28 percent of all events and resulted in 84,194 separations. Permanent closure of worksites occurred in 18 percent of all events and affected 74,827 workers, up from 40,688 workers in the third quarter of 2000. Fewer than 2 out of 5 employers with layoffs in the third quarter indicated that they anticipated some type of recall, the smallest proportion since the series began in 1995. Initial Impact of September 11 Attacks In the first report of extended mass layoffs covering the period since the September 11 terrorist attacks, 143 events involving 55,000 workers were identified as directly or indirectly attributed to the attacks. These represent reports by employers for events that occurred during the weeks ending September 15, 22, and 29 and are included in the totals for the third quarter. After the events of September 11, BLS added a new code for reason for the layoff, "non-natural disaster." (See Note on page 5 for details and table 2. In addition to the layoffs attributed to non-natural disaster in table 2, there were a large number of layoffs for other primary reasons that employers secondarily attributed to the September 11 attacks in industries such as airlines and hotels.) Twenty-one states reported extended mass layoff activity related in some way to the September 11 incidents. However, 74 percent of these related events and 77 percent of the related separations occurred in just five states' California, Nevada, Illinois, Texas, and New York. Among the workers laid off because of the terrorist attacks, more than half, 27,749, had been employed in the scheduled air transportation industry. An additional 17,691 workers had been employed in hotels and motels. Industry Distribution of Extended Layoffs Extended mass layoff separations occurred in 437 of the 1,005 detailed industries for which data are available. Although 36 percent of the separations occurred in manufacturing, another 18 percent were in three industries in the service-producing sector--scheduled air transportation (30,292), hotels and motels (20,565), and help supply services (11,194). - 2 - Table A. Selected measures of mass layoff activity -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Period | Layoff events| Separation | Initial claimants -------------------------|--------------|--------------|------------------ 1997 | | | January-March............| 1,317 | 255,227 | 224,180 April-June...............| 1,587 | 351,198 | 292,673 July-September...........| 1,082 | 217,869 | 209,019 October-December.........| 1,697 | 321,821 | 316,035 1998 | | | January-March............| 1,320 | 208,082 | 247,315 April-June...............| 1,563 | 391,461 | 402,276 July-September...........| 1,234 | 248,054 | 256,803 October-December.........| 1,734 | 379,976 | 325,990 1999 | | | January-March............| 1,509 | 277,780 | 252,122 April-June...............| 1,444 | 294,968 | 242,464 July-September...........| 1,097 | 241,725 | 189,973 October-December.........| 1,625 | 334,794 | 287,685 2000 | | | January-March............| 1,330 | 254,646 | 221,368 April-June...............| 1,271 | 258,608 | 231,471 July-September(r)........| 1,014 | 230,103 | 189,250 October-December(r)......| 2,005 | 427,066 | 376,362 2001 | | | January-March(r).........| 1,765 | 342,035 | 338,596 April-June(r)............| 2,055 | 479,671 | 387,880 July-September(p)........| 1,689 | 349,866 | 233,780 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. Agriculture accounted for 9 percent of all events and 12 percent of all separations in the private sector during July-September 2001. Layoff activity was concentrated in agricultural services (primarily in farm labor contracting) and in agricultural crop production (mainly in grapes) and was almost entirely due to the end of seasonal work. (See table 1.) Forty-one percent of all layoff events and 36 percent of separations occurred in manufacturing. Among durable goods industries, extended layoffs were most prevalent in electronic and other electrical equipment (mostly in semiconductors and related devices), in industrial machinery and equipment (primarily in refrigeration and heating equipment), and in transportation equipment (mainly in motor vehicle parts and accessories). Within the nondurable goods sector, layoffs were mostly in food and kindred products (largely in canned fruits and vegetables) and in apparel and other textile products (mostly in men's and boys' trousers and slacks). Services accounted for 22 percent of private-sector layoff events and 21 percent of separations, primarily in business services (largely in help supply) and in hotels and motels. Layoffs in transportation and public utilities accounted for 10 percent of the events and 17 percent of the separations, mainly in transportation by air (largely in scheduled air transportation) and in local and interurban passenger transit (mostly among school bus companies). Cutbacks in retail trade comprised 7 percent of events and separations in the private-sector and were largely in eating places. - 3 - Table B. Distribution of layoff events by size of layoff, July-September 2001p ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Layoff events Separations Size | ------------------------------------------------- | | | | | Number | Percent | Number | Percent ---------------------|----------|----------|---------- |---------------- Total..............| 1,689 | 100.0 | 349,866 | 100.0 | | | | | | | | 50-99.................| 604 | 35.8 | 42,047 | 12.0 100-149...............| 386 | 22.9 | 44,287 | 12.7 150-199...............| 204 | 12.1 | 34,136 | 9.8 200-299...............| 222 | 13.1 | 50,895 | 14.5 300-499...............| 155 | 9.2 | 56,489 | 16.1 500-999...............| 77 | 4.6 | 49,528 | 14.2 1,000 or more.........| 41 | 2.4 | 72,484 | 20.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. Layoffs in government establishments accounted for 2 percent of all events and 3 percent of all separations, primarily in executive, legislative, and general government agencies. Reasons for Extended Layoff Twenty-eight percent of the events and 24 percent of the separations in the third quarter were due to slack work. (See table 2.) This is the first time that employers cited this reason most frequently. These layoffs were most numerous among workers in hotels and motels, in electronic and other electrical equipment (mostly in semiconductors and related devices), and in scheduled air transportation. The completion of seasonal work accounted for 17 percent of events and 20 percent of separations during the quarter, mostly in agricultural services (farm labor contractors) and agricultural crop production. These were the smallest proportions for seasonal layoffs since the program began in 1995. Layoffs due to internal company restructuring (bankruptcy, business ownership change, financial difficulty, and reorganization) accounted for 27 percent of layoff events and resulted in 106,154 separations. These layoffs were mostly among workers in the business services, scheduled air transportation, and electronic and other electrical equipment industries. A year earlier, separations attributed to internal company restructuring involved 53,397 workers. Size of Extended Layoff Layoff events during the third quarter continued to be concentrated at the lower end of the layoff-size spectrum, with 59 percent involving fewer than 150 workers. These events, however, accounted for only 25 percent of all separations. (See table B.) Separations involving 500 or more workers accounted for 35 percent of all separations, down slightly from a year earlier (39 percent). The average size of layoffs (as measured by separations per layoff event) differed widely by industry, ranging from a low of 73 separations in membership organizations to a high of 874 in transportation by air. - 4 - Table C. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from layoff, third quarter 2000-third quarter 2001 -------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percentage of events |------------------------------------------- Nature of the recall | III | IV | I | II | III | 2000 | 2000 | 2001r | 2001r | 2001p ------------------------|-------|--------|--------|--------|-------- | | | | | Anticipate a recall.....| 51.9 | 67.0 | 46.1 | 44.7 | 36.2 | | | | | Timeframe | | | | | | | | | | Within 6 months.........| 82.1 | 82.5 | 79.1 | 83.8 | 74.6 Within 3 months.......| 52.7 | 37.9 | 53.4 | 51.1 | 47.8 | | | | | Size | | | | | | | | | | At least half...........| 87.3 | 88.3 | 81.1 | 88.3 | 76.6 All workers............| 53.8 | 47.5 | 35.2 | 41.5 | 30.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. Initial Claimant Characteristics A total of 233,780 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with mass layoffs in the third quarter of 2001. Of these claimants, 13 percent were black, 46 percent were women, 18 percent were Hispanic, and 14 percent were 55 years of age or older. (See table 3.) Forty percent of claimants were 30 to 44 years of age. Among the civilian labor force for the same period, 12 percent were black, 46 percent were women, 11 percent were Hispanic, and 13 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-eight percent of the civilian labor force were ages 30 to 44. Geographic Distribution In the third quarter, the number of separations due to extended mass layoff events was highest in the West (127,436), followed by the Midwest (81,442), the South (73,736), and the Northeast (67,252). (See table 4.) Contributing to extended mass layoffs in the West were agricultural services, agricultural production crops, hotels and other lodging places, and business services. All four regions reported over-the-year increases in separations, with the largest increases occurring in the West (+37,888), largely in hotels and motels, in electronic and other electrical equipment, and in scheduled air transportation. Seven of the nine geographic divisions experienced over-the-year increases in laid-off workers, with the largest increases occurring in the Middle Atlantic (largely in electronic and other electrical equipment and in hotels and motels), followed by the Pacific and East North Central divisions. Separations declined in the East South Central and New England divisions. - 5 - Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the largest number of worker separations occurred in California (93,825), followed by Illinois (39,939), New York (30,124), and Texas (25,611). These four states accounted for 47 percent of total layoff events and 54 percent of the separations during the third quarter of 2001. (See table 5.) After excluding the substantial impact of seasonal work, California still reported the most laid-off workers (51,723), largely due to layoffs in electronic and other electrical equipment manufacturing, in business services, and in scheduled air transportation. Over the year, the largest increases in laid-off workers occurred in California (+22,880), Illinois (+18,636), New York (+18,442), and Texas (+15,089). The largest decreases occurred in Michigan (-4,536) and Oregon (-3,771). Recall Expectations Thirty-six percent of employers reporting a layoff in the third quarter of 2001 indicated they anticipated some type of recall. This compares with 52 percent of the employers anticipating a recall a year earlier and is the smallest proportion since the series began in 1995. (See table C.) This relatively small proportion reflects the greater prevalence of reorganizations within the company and layoffs due to financial difficulty, situations where recall is unlikely. Most of the employers not expecting a recall were in electronic and other electrical equipment manufacturing, in transportation by air, and in business services. Among establishments expecting a recall, most employers expected to recall over one-half of the separated employees and to do so within 6 months. Only 31 percent of such employers expect to extend the offer to all laid-off workers. Excluding layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period (in which 87 percent of the employers expected a recall), employers expected to recall laid-off workers in 23 percent of the events. In layoff events due to internal company restructuring, employers anticipated a recall in only 4 percent of the events. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Note | | | | The quarterly series on extended mass layoffs cover layoffs of at | | least 31-days duration that involve 50 or more individuals from a | | single establishment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance| | during a consecutive 5-week period. Approximately 30 days after a | | mass layoff is triggered at an establishment, the employer is con- | | tacted for additional information. Data for the third quarter are | | preliminary and subject to revision. This release also includes | | revised data for previous quarters. Data are not seasonally adjusted,| | but survey data suggest that there is a seasonal pattern to layoffs. | | Thus, comparisons between consecutive quarters should not be used as | | an indicator of trend. For additional information about the program,| | see the Technical Note. | | | | A new code for reason for the layoff, "non-natural disaster," which| | allows for identification of workers separated from companies as a | | direct or indirect effect of situations such as the September 11 | | attacks, has been added to the extended mass layoff reporting system.| | In addition to the data on the impact of the September 11 attacks | | contained in this release, BLS is expanding its reporting of extended| | mass layoffs to include interim reports on layoff events during this | | period. The report on extended layoff events identified through | | October 12 will be issued in late November as part of the regular | | release of mass layoffs that occurred in October 2001. This interim | | reporting will provide a more timely and complete picture of extended| | layoff events associated with the September 11 attacks. | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Technical Note The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program which uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state's unemployment insurance database. Establishments which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The program yields information on an individual's entire spell of unemployment, to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. The MLS program was resumed in April 1995; it had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. However, due to changes in concepts and definitions, data from the resumed program are not comparable to earlier data. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Definitions Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted. Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons subject to recall and those who are terminated by the establishment. - 2 - Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of duration. Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or single- unit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or planned to be closed. Table 1. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Industry III II III III II III III II III 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p Total( 1 ) ..................................... 1,014 2,055 1,689 230,103 479,671 349,866 189,250 387,880 233,780 Total, private ......................................... 965 1,967 1,647 217,675 460,985 339,155 180,960 370,706 225,304 Agriculture ......................................... 147 142 140 42,791 30,509 39,138 22,022 23,163 12,756 Nonagriculture ....................................... 812 1,819 1,506 173,968 429,858 299,957 157,624 346,443 212,488 Manufacturing .................................... 387 802 683 86,882 163,372 121,379 79,066 174,839 98,598 Durable goods ................................. 218 550 462 51,138 120,307 81,327 50,100 132,239 69,105 Lumber and wood products .................... 16 19 6 1,834 2,752 757 1,763 2,383 746 Furniture and fixtures ...................... 7 26 22 1,165 4,460 2,993 864 4,585 2,220 Stone, clay, and glass products ............. 5 15 6 667 2,047 698 473 1,823 772 Primary metal industries .................... 18 46 42 4,905 8,637 6,408 4,504 9,786 5,932 Fabricated metal products ................... 29 62 49 4,765 8,413 6,423 4,669 9,560 5,449 Industrial machinery and equipment .......... 38 92 104 9,955 21,134 19,256 8,875 20,829 15,843 Electronic and other electrical equipment ... 22 195 142 4,639 50,644 27,596 4,371 50,849 22,214 Transportation equipment .................... 65 70 52 21,003 18,847 10,183 22,249 29,529 10,211 Instruments and related products ............ 10 17 27 1,191 2,175 5,194 1,182 2,162 4,264 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ...... 8 8 12 1,014 1,198 1,819 1,150 733 1,454 Nondurable goods .............................. 169 252 221 35,744 43,065 40,052 28,966 42,600 29,493 Food and kindred products ................... 56 71 62 16,235 13,134 11,234 11,646 13,450 7,611 Tobacco products ............................ ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Textile mill products ....................... 14 24 32 2,885 4,702 5,665 3,305 5,073 5,842 Apparel and other textile products .......... 38 54 47 6,375 8,098 7,478 6,264 8,051 6,848 Paper and allied products ................... 14 21 18 2,891 4,101 3,696 2,137 2,813 3,006 Printing and publishing ..................... ( 2 ) 24 17 ( 2 ) 4,034 4,654 ( 2 ) 3,668 1,416 Chemicals and allied products ............... 10 15 20 2,120 2,122 3,698 1,696 2,013 2,393 Petroleum and coal products ................. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products .. 23 35 20 2,803 5,458 3,116 2,244 6,699 1,971 Leather and leather products ................ 9 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,518 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 987 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Nonmanufacturing ................................. 425 1,017 823 87,086 266,486 178,578 78,558 171,604 113,890 Mining ........................................ 4 5 10 874 1,848 2,843 729 2,032 1,638 Construction ................................... 62 93 70 10,895 14,824 8,389 10,758 13,497 7,108 Transportation and public utilities ............ 77 150 161 12,775 37,992 56,212 11,748 31,494 25,984 Wholesale and retail trade ..................... 75 228 168 13,881 59,054 29,971 11,127 42,820 21,536 Wholesale trade ............................ 19 64 56 2,789 12,192 6,620 1,767 9,681 5,264 Retail trade ............................... 56 164 112 11,092 46,862 23,351 9,360 33,139 16,272 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............ 23 49 53 5,600 10,591 11,108 4,198 8,818 6,572 Services ....................................... 184 492 361 43,061 142,177 70,055 39,998 72,943 51,052 Not identified ...................................... 6 6 1 916 618 60 1,314 1,100 60 Government ............................................. 49 88 42 12,428 18,686 10,711 8,290 17,174 8,476 Federal ........................................ 11 13 14 3,995 3,513 3,680 2,133 3,889 2,969 State .......................................... 10 13 6 3,142 2,923 878 1,818 2,409 898 Local .......................................... 28 62 22 5,291 12,250 6,153 4,339 10,876 4,609 1 For the third quarter 2001, data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. Table 2. Reason for separation: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Reason for separation III II III III II III III II III 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p Total, all reasons( 1 ) ...... 1,014 2,055 1,689 230,103 479,671 349,866 189,250 387,880 233,780 Automation ...................... - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Bankruptcy ...................... 36 78 59 10,605 63,464 15,790 6,405 13,850 10,149 Business ownership change ....... 35 50 52 9,186 14,878 11,458 5,005 11,669 8,697 Contract cancellation ........... 26 34 47 4,424 6,268 8,617 3,240 5,458 6,560 Contract completed .............. 142 155 112 25,718 30,130 16,982 29,861 29,474 13,537 Domestic relocation ............. 16 36 24 3,270 7,089 4,295 3,804 4,921 3,199 Energy-related .................. 3 6 5 744 1,015 944 515 840 1,017 Environment-related ............. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - Financial difficulty ............ 56 172 176 10,628 38,804 43,734 6,669 32,381 23,075 Import competition .............. 17 35 26 2,412 8,077 5,298 2,016 7,857 4,345 Labor dispute ................... 10 12 7 10,853 3,564 2,303 10,806 2,271 1,958 Material shortage ............... 3 5 4 321 606 450 432 570 371 Model changeover ................ ( 2 ) 8 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 4,270 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 3,235 ( 2 ) Natural disaster ................ - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Non-natural disaster ............ ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 5 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 1,435 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 775 Overseas relocation ............. 10 15 17 1,886 4,263 3,710 1,640 3,582 2,211 Plant or machine repair ......... ( 2 ) 8 8 ( 2 ) 1,399 785 ( 2 ) 1,794 853 Product line discontinued ....... 6 9 5 1,329 3,779 649 1,599 2,997 423 Reorganization within company ... 92 191 170 22,978 39,392 35,172 17,075 35,907 24,750 Seasonal work ................... 323 556 294 80,958 137,317 71,651 55,261 96,495 34,221 Slack work ...................... 122 385 477 26,962 60,110 84,194 27,866 79,552 69,180 Vacation period ................. 10 71 54 1,095 12,401 11,352 1,150 10,956 7,843 Weather-related ................. - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - Other ........................... 34 130 97 6,314 25,559 23,310 3,857 26,404 11,858 Not reported .................... 68 92 46 9,829 16,222 6,975 9,750 16,380 7,343 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 This reason for separation has been created for use effective with third quarter 2001 for work activity curtailed because of a human action resulting in a disaster, such as the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, or the threat of an attack. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 3. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, second and third quarters 2001 Percent of total Total Layoff events initial Hispanic claimants Black origin Women Persons age 55 and over State II III II III II III II III II III II III 2001r 2001p 2001r 2001p 2001r 2001p 2001r 2001p 2001r 2001p 2001r 2001p Total( 1 ) ........ 2,055 1,689 387,880 233,780 15.5 13.4 16.5 17.8 49.5 46.1 14.9 13.5 Alabama ............... 36 3 4,934 626 45.6 52.4 3.1 2.6 51.1 67.6 14.9 14.1 Alaska ................ - - - - - - - - - - - - Arizona ............... 46 25 8,833 3,283 2.6 5.2 58.9 30.0 45.3 49.0 12.2 14.1 Arkansas .............. 8 5 693 749 42.7 19.9 .7 .1 71.4 36.0 12.0 10.9 California ............ 465 459 70,285 47,559 6.1 5.8 42.4 42.4 48.1 46.4 12.4 11.4 Colorado .............. 36 20 4,361 2,995 4.4 6.2 16.9 13.5 53.2 47.3 11.3 7.7 Connecticut ........... 19 7 2,655 772 17.1 24.6 7.1 16.2 58.6 58.5 15.5 11.4 Delaware .............. - - - - - - - - - - - - District of Columbia .. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 49.6 40.8 1.9 13.3 70.4 56.4 12.0 14.2 Florida ............... 133 116 19,466 14,743 26.4 24.9 29.2 23.0 53.3 44.9 18.3 17.9 Georgia ............... 20 19 3,998 2,160 47.9 60.6 .4 .3 60.9 60.4 16.7 14.0 Hawaii ................ ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) 376 1.7 7.7 .9 .3 28.4 33.5 13.6 12.8 Idaho ................. 11 ( 2 ) 1,176 ( 2 ) .9 1.0 3.0 1.0 32.3 67.3 14.9 4.0 Illinois .............. 159 128 36,518 19,022 21.7 20.4 9.2 10.1 50.5 41.4 14.2 12.3 Indiana ............... 44 33 10,844 5,272 13.8 17.0 3.9 3.7 50.8 46.4 14.6 10.6 Iowa .................. 19 13 3,427 2,222 2.1 3.1 1.7 .8 47.8 40.3 11.7 14.8 Kansas ................ 12 6 3,067 575 9.6 6.8 2.9 2.6 50.3 49.6 12.3 15.1 Kentucky .............. 17 18 2,800 2,902 5.2 11.5 .4 .4 48.1 59.0 16.4 16.6 Louisiana ............. 6 ( 2 ) 417 ( 2 ) 69.3 68.3 1.0 .2 88.5 52.8 24.2 6.7 Maine ................. 12 8 1,605 809 .4 .1 .2 - 43.7 31.0 9.3 12.4 Maryland .............. 11 5 1,264 442 44.8 46.6 .6 - 54.0 52.5 27.0 30.3 Massachusetts ......... 78 59 14,348 7,522 7.8 7.7 3.3 7.0 55.1 48.8 16.9 14.3 Michigan .............. 101 41 22,755 5,126 22.6 23.7 5.1 4.4 42.7 51.7 12.1 10.7 Minnesota ............. 45 22 7,270 3,914 3.5 2.3 1.7 4.5 45.2 51.1 13.0 14.0 Mississippi ........... 26 7 2,637 986 59.2 70.8 1.8 .4 49.4 38.8 10.3 13.4 Missouri .............. 35 30 11,566 5,321 17.8 13.3 .8 3.8 39.2 53.9 14.3 14.0 Montana ............... 9 ( 2 ) 1,282 ( 2 ) .5 - .2 .7 48.1 29.3 13.4 10.9 Nebraska .............. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 4.7 5.5 .8 5.1 33.3 40.7 6.2 12.3 Nevada ................ 5 35 451 8,724 33.7 9.0 12.9 26.8 68.3 54.2 11.8 12.5 New Hampshire ......... 11 4 2,211 876 1.5 .3 2.5 .6 56.3 22.0 14.5 17.7 New Jersey ............ 66 49 16,166 7,755 20.5 23.0 18.6 12.2 69.1 55.6 26.9 22.9 New Mexico ............ 9 5 1,187 1,092 1.8 1.8 47.3 60.3 53.7 56.9 16.0 12.3 New York .............. 63 139 11,003 20,177 13.1 9.3 8.1 6.3 55.5 50.1 14.5 16.5 North Carolina ........ 59 44 10,947 7,277 33.0 36.0 2.5 2.9 47.2 45.4 13.5 10.3 North Dakota .......... 7 ( 2 ) 680 ( 2 ) - .4 1.9 2.2 61.9 49.4 15.9 10.4 Ohio .................. 57 44 10,244 5,743 13.6 12.8 1.7 1.0 33.7 29.5 15.2 14.2 Oklahoma .............. 17 11 5,068 2,041 11.9 15.3 7.4 5.0 20.8 31.6 18.9 30.5 Oregon ................ 38 23 5,512 3,178 2.7 2.5 7.0 9.8 45.8 45.8 15.1 11.7 Pennsylvania .......... 64 96 25,284 16,483 8.7 5.1 1.7 2.1 46.4 35.9 20.7 15.9 Rhode Island .......... 14 4 2,398 361 2.9 4.4 12.0 24.9 75.7 49.9 21.7 15.5 South Carolina ........ 16 12 2,178 2,276 64.0 44.0 .1 .2 68.4 48.3 2.9 2.0 South Dakota .......... 5 - 645 - - - - - 70.4 - 22.8 - Tennessee ............. 25 24 2,514 2,233 30.1 21.0 - .1 47.5 49.6 12.6 12.9 Texas ................. 92 68 26,026 14,317 17.9 13.2 32.5 37.6 49.5 47.4 10.5 10.9 Utah .................. 10 8 960 1,459 1.3 3.1 6.3 17.2 59.3 46.7 8.6 6.9 Vermont ............... 9 ( 2 ) 1,282 ( 2 ) .5 - .5 - 47.0 28.3 16.0 7.1 Virginia .............. 25 15 3,949 2,607 47.5 23.2 1.1 .5 55.1 33.5 18.2 16.3 Washington ............ 43 43 6,471 4,431 4.0 3.7 16.0 23.8 42.2 50.5 15.5 12.1 West Virginia ......... ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - - - - - 84.4 - 20.3 - Wisconsin ............. 64 26 14,571 3,344 12.2 5.8 1.8 3.2 53.1 37.6 16.5 9.4 Wyoming ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - Puerto Rico ........... 23 16 5,810 2,494 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 49.2 70.4 8.3 10.0 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 Data are not available. p = preliminary. r = revised NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 4. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Census region and division III II III III II III III II III 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p United States( 1 ) .. 1,014 2,055 1,689 230,103 479,671 349,866 189,250 387,880 233,780 Northeast ................. 176 336 367 38,306 70,515 67,252 42,142 76,952 54,868 New England ........... 28 143 83 13,890 31,339 13,499 12,042 24,499 10,453 Middle Atlantic ....... 148 193 284 24,416 39,176 53,753 30,100 52,453 44,415 South ..................... 290 495 351 52,337 113,503 73,736 50,239 88,342 54,034 South Atlantic ........ 156 268 213 28,394 57,523 34,737 22,898 43,253 29,716 East South Central .... 63 104 52 11,891 18,524 10,430 11,092 12,885 6,747 West South Central .... 71 123 86 12,052 37,456 28,569 16,249 32,204 17,571 Midwest ................... 253 549 347 49,912 165,431 81,442 38,668 121,716 51,267 East North Central .... 226 425 272 44,938 143,696 63,982 35,289 94,932 38,507 West North Central .... 27 124 75 4,974 21,735 17,460 3,379 26,784 12,760 West ...................... 295 675 624 89,548 130,222 127,436 58,201 100,870 73,611 Mountain .............. 43 126 96 8,844 32,559 22,847 5,672 18,250 18,067 Pacific ............... 252 549 528 80,704 97,663 104,589 52,529 82,620 55,544 1 See footnote 1, table 1. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Table 5. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance State III II III III II III III II III 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p 2000r 2001r 2001p Total( 1 ) ............ 1,014 2,055 1,689 230,103 479,671 349,866 189,250 387,880 233,780 Alabama ................... 12 36 3 3,311 6,765 1,320 3,032 4,934 626 Alaska .................... ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - Arizona ................... 15 46 25 4,180 8,109 4,133 1,887 8,833 3,283 Arkansas .................. 5 8 5 920 929 1,222 570 693 749 California ................ 225 465 459 70,945 81,635 93,825 43,661 70,285 47,559 Colorado .................. 3 36 20 258 15,579 4,426 263 4,361 2,995 Connecticut ............... 5 19 7 1,475 6,673 1,672 759 2,655 772 Delaware .................. - - - - - - - - - District of Columbia ...... - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Florida ................... 98 133 116 19,045 31,005 18,882 15,228 19,466 14,743 Georgia ................... 7 20 19 1,626 5,252 2,686 830 3,998 2,160 Hawaii .................... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 351 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 376 Idaho ..................... 4 11 ( 2 ) 446 1,997 ( 2 ) 320 1,176 ( 2 ) Illinois .................. 85 159 128 21,303 47,247 39,939 13,878 36,518 19,022 Indiana ................... 12 44 33 1,868 12,791 7,014 1,882 10,844 5,272 Iowa ...................... ( 2 ) 19 13 ( 2 ) 4,173 2,441 ( 2 ) 3,427 2,222 Kansas .................... ( 2 ) 12 6 ( 2 ) 2,705 804 ( 2 ) 3,067 575 Kentucky .................. 22 17 18 4,313 4,508 3,877 4,070 2,800 2,902 Louisiana ................. ( 2 ) 6 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 454 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 417 ( 2 ) Maine ..................... 4 12 8 525 2,118 1,160 345 1,605 809 Maryland .................. 4 11 5 832 1,551 810 780 1,264 442 Massachusetts ............. 16 78 59 11,364 13,514 9,182 10,524 14,348 7,522 Michigan .................. 67 101 41 9,788 57,782 5,252 10,164 22,755 5,126 Minnesota ................. 11 45 22 2,998 6,617 7,079 1,597 7,270 3,914 Mississippi ............... 13 26 7 2,244 3,796 1,789 1,230 2,637 986 Missouri .................. 11 35 30 1,307 6,749 6,374 1,014 11,566 5,321 Montana ................... 3 9 ( 2 ) 506 1,700 ( 2 ) 663 1,282 ( 2 ) Nebraska .................. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Nevada .................... 11 5 35 2,008 599 11,051 1,872 451 8,724 New Hampshire ............. ( 2 ) 11 4 ( 2 ) 4,786 985 ( 2 ) 2,211 876 New Jersey ................ 36 66 49 6,105 14,703 9,067 6,321 16,166 7,755 New Mexico ................ ( 2 ) 9 5 ( 2 ) 2,492 1,105 ( 2 ) 1,187 1,092 New York .................. 70 63 139 11,682 12,435 30,124 11,308 11,003 20,177 North Carolina ............ 26 59 44 4,316 11,472 9,023 2,931 10,947 7,277 North Dakota .............. - 7 ( 2 ) - 680 ( 2 ) - 680 ( 2 ) Ohio ...................... 47 57 44 9,335 10,114 6,843 7,025 10,244 5,743 Oklahoma .................. 3 17 11 431 5,005 1,371 286 5,068 2,041 Oregon .................... 12 38 23 6,949 5,512 3,178 6,949 5,512 3,178 Pennsylvania .............. 42 64 96 6,629 12,038 14,562 12,471 25,284 16,483 Rhode Island .............. ( 2 ) 14 4 ( 2 ) 2,966 387 ( 2 ) 2,398 361 South Carolina ............ 7 16 12 615 1,425 1,243 1,182 2,178 2,276 South Dakota .............. - 5 - - 591 - - 645 - Tennessee ................. 16 25 24 2,023 3,455 3,444 2,760 2,514 2,233 Texas ..................... 61 92 68 10,522 31,068 25,611 15,214 26,026 14,317 Utah ...................... 5 10 8 1,321 2,083 1,871 568 960 1,459 Vermont ................... - 9 ( 2 ) - 1,282 ( 2 ) - 1,282 ( 2 ) Virginia .................. 11 25 15 1,455 5,367 1,882 1,554 3,949 2,607 Washington ................ 11 43 43 2,175 10,164 7,235 1,376 6,471 4,431 West Virginia ............. 3 ( 2 ) - 505 ( 2 ) - 393 ( 2 ) - Wisconsin ................. 15 64 26 2,644 15,762 4,934 2,340 14,571 3,344 Wyoming ................... - - - - - - - - - Puerto Rico ............... 21 23 16 2,986 4,975 4,906 3,778 5,810 2,494 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero.