Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: (202) 691-6392 USDL 00-343 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Media contact: 691-5902 Wednesday, November 22, 2000 EXTENDED MASS LAYOFFS IN THE THIRD QUARTER OF 2000 In the third quarter of 2000, there were 975 mass layoff actions by employers that resulted in the separation of 209,903 workers from their jobs for more than 30 days, according to preliminary figures released by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. Both the total number of layoff events and the number of separations were lower than in July-September 1999, with events and separations at their lowest level for any third quarter period since 1995. (See table A.) The completion of seasonal work was the major reason cited for layoffs in the third quarter and accounted for 31 percent of all events and 34 percent of all separations. Layoffs due to internal company restructuring accounted for 21 percent of events and resulted in 47,548 separations. Permanent closure of worksites occurred in 16 percent of all events and affected 34,454 workers, the second lowest level on record and down sharply from a year earlier (50,890). The quarterly series on extended mass layoffs cover layoffs of at least 31-days duration that involve 50 or more individuals from a single establishment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance during a consecutive 5-week period. Data for the third quarter are preliminary and subject to revision. This release also includes revised data for previous quarters. Data are not seasonally adjusted, but survey data suggest that there is a seasonal pattern to layoffs. Thus, comparisons between consecutive quarters should not be used as an indicator of trend. Additional information about the program is provided in the technical note that follows the analysis. Industry Distribution of Extended Layoffs In the private sector during July-September 2000, agriculture accounted for 14 percent of all layoff events and 17 percent of all separations. The layoff activity occurred in agricultural services (primarily in farm labor contracting) and agricultural crop production (mainly in vegetables and melons and in grapes) and was almost entirely due to the end of seasonal work. (See table 1.) Forty percent of all layoff events and separations occurred in manufacturing industries. Layoffs from durable goods industries were most prevalent in transportation equipment (mostly in motor vehicles and car bodies and in motor vehicle parts and accessories) and in industrial machinery and equipment (primarily in refrigeration and heating equipment). Among nondurable goods establishments, layoffs were most numerous in food and kindred products (primarily in canned and frozen fruits and vegetables) and in apparel. - 2 - Table A. Selected measures of mass layoff activity --------------------------------------------------------------------- Period |Layoff events| Separations | Initial claimants ---------------------|-------------|-------------|------------------- 1995 | | | April-June(r)........| 1,724 | 400,980 | 332,731 July-September(r)....| 950 | 194,149 | 154,226 October-December(r)..| 1,764 | 348,741 | 312,428 1996 | | | January-March(r).....| 1,408 | 272,480 | 224,393 April-June...........| 1,352 | 261,628 | 200,032 July-September.......| 1,021 | 233,199 | 185,247 October-December(r)..| 1,916 | 417,048 | 348,073 1997 | | | January-March........| 1,317 | 255,227 | 224,180 April-June...........| 1,587 | 351,198 | 292,673 July-September.......| 1,082 | 217,869 | 209,019 October-December.....| 1,697 | 321,821 | 316,035 1998 | | | January-March........| 1,320 | 208,082 | 247,315 April-June...........| 1,563 | 391,461 | 402,276 July-September.......| 1,234 | 248,054 | 256,803 October-December.....| 1,734 | 379,976 | 325,990 1999 | | | January-March........| 1,509 | 277,780 | 252,122 April-June...........| 1,444 | 294,968 | 242,464 July-September(r)....| 1,097 | 241,725 | 189,973 October-December(r)..| 1,625 | 334,794 | 287,421 2000 | | | January-March(r).....| 1,331 | 254,812 | 220,019 April-June(r)........| 1,272 | 257,345 | 228,867 July-September(p)....| 975 | 209,903 | 142,269 -------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. Services accounted for about 20 percent of private-sector layoff events and 21 percent of separations, primarily in business services (largely help supply services) and in engineering and management services. Transportation and public utilities accounted for 8 percent of all layoff events and 6 percent of all separations. These layoffs were largely in local and interurban transit and were most prevalent among school bus companies. Layoffs in government establishments accounted for 5 percent of all events and 6 percent of all separations, primarily in educational services and in amusement and recreation services. (The data in this release do not include temporary federal census workers who completed their assignments.) Reasons for Extended Layoff Thirty-one percent of the events and 34 percent of the separations in the third quarter were due to the completion of seasonal work. These layoffs were most numerous among workers in food production (agriculture and food and kindred products). Layoffs due to internal company restruc- turing (bankruptcy, business ownership change, financial difficulty, and reorganization) accounted for 21 percent of layoff events and 23 percent of separations, largely due to job cutbacks in business services and in furniture and home furnishings stores. (See table 2.) - 3 - Table B. Distribution of layoff events by size of layoff, July- September 2000p -------------------------------------------------------------------- | Layoff events | Separations Size |-------------------------|-------------------------- | Number | Percent | Number | Percent ---------------|------------|------------|------------|------------- Total........| 975 | 100.0 | 209,903 | 100.0 | | | | 50-99..........| 353 | 36.2 | 25,594 | 12.2 100-149........| 224 | 23.0 | 26,440 | 12.6 150-199........| 112 | 11.5 | 18,580 | 8.9 200-299........| 115 | 11.8 | 26,835 | 12.8 300-499........| 100 | 10.3 | 35,875 | 17.1 500-999........| 42 | 4.3 | 27,538 | 13.1 1,000 or more..| 29 | 3.0 | 49,041 | 23.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. Size of Extended Layoff Layoff events during the third quarter continued to be concentrated at the lower end of the layoff-size spectrum, with 59 percent involving fewer than 150 workers. These events, however, accounted for only 25 percent of all separations. (See table B.) Separations involving 500 or more workers accounted for 36 percent of all separations, down slightly from a year earlier (41 percent). Seasonal layoffs in food production contributed to the higher percentage of laid-off workers in the larger size categories. The average size of layoffs (as measured by separations per layoff event) differed widely by industry, ranging from an average of 103 separations in auto repair, auto services, and parking companies to 550 in government establishments engaged in finance, taxation, and monetary policy. Initial Claimant Characteristics A total of 142,269 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with mass layoffs in the third quarter of 2000. Of these claimants, 16 percent were black, 42 percent were women, 20 percent were Hispanic, and 14 percent were 55 years of age or older. (See table 3.) Forty percent of claimants were 30 to 44 years of age. Among the civilian labor force for the same period, 12 percent were black, 46 percent were women, 11 percent were Hispanic, and 13 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-eight percent of the civilian labor force were ages 30 to 44. Geographic Distribution In the third quarter, the number of separations due to extended mass layoff events was higher in the West (78,787) than in the other regions. (See table 4.) Contributing to extended mass layoffs in the West were agricultural services, crop production, and food and kindred products. The lowest number of worker separations was reported in the Northeast region (36,611). The Northeast reported the largest over-the-year decrease in separations (-20,116), with fewer layoffs reported in executive, legislative, and general government, general merchandise stores, and local and interurban transit. Six of the nine geographic divisions experienced over-the-year decreases in laid-off workers, with the largest declines occurring in the Middle Atlantic (largely in general merchandise stores) and Mountain divisions. Separations rose in the South Atlantic (+4,668) and East South Central (+4,313) divisions. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the largest number of worker separations occurred in California (60,542), followed by Illinois (21,303), Florida (15,388), Massachusetts (11,364), Texas (10,506), and New York (10,446). These six states accounted for 54 percent of total layoff events and 62 percent of all separations during the third quarter of 2000. (See table 5.) After excluding the substantial impact of seasonal work, California still reported the most laid-off workers (23,064), largely due to layoffs in business services. Over the year, the largest decreases in laid-off workers occurred in New York (-12,967) and Arizona (-11,834). The largest increase occurred in Florida (+8,533). - 4 - Table C. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from layoff, third quarter 1999-third quarter 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percentage of events Nature of the recall |--------------------------------------------- | III | IV | I | II | III | 1999 | 1999 | 2000 | 2000r | 2000p ------------------------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------- Anticipate a recall.....| 50.5 | 68.6 | 58.0 | 60.6 | 51.7 | | | | | Timeframe | | | | | | | | | | Within 6 months.........| 82.7 | 81.9 | 79.1 | 88.7 | 82.7 Within 3 months.......| 56.7 | 30.2 | 40.8 | 56.3 | 52.4 | | | | | Size | | | | | | | | | | At least half...........| 88.6 | 88.8 | 88.1 | 92.3 | 88.1 All workers...........| 39.7 | 42.7 | 41.1 | 52.8 | 53.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. Recall Expectations Fifty-two percent of employers reporting a layoff in the third quarter of 2000 indicated they anticipated some type of recall, slightly higher than a year earlier. (See table C.) Among establishments expecting a recall, most employers expected to recall over one-half of the separated employees and to do so within 6 months. Excluding layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period (in which 95 percent of the employers expected a recall), employers expected to recall laid-off workers in 31 percent of the events, somewhat higher than during the same period a year ago (28 percent). In layoff events due to internal company restructuring, employers anticipated a recall in only 6 percent of the events. Technical Note The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program which uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state's unemployment insurance database. Establishments which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The program yields information on an individual's entire spell of unemployment, to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. The MLS program was resumed in April 1995; it had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. However, due to changes in concepts and definitions, data from the resumed program are not comparable to earlier data. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Definitions Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted. Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons subject to recall and those who are terminated by the establishment. - 2 - Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of duration. Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or single- unit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or planned to be closed. Table 1. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Industry III II III III II III III II III 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p Total( 1 ) ...................................... 1,097 1,272 975 241,725 257,345 209,903 189,973 228,867 142,269 Total, private .......................................... 1,040 1,211 926 222,277 238,301 198,239 178,002 210,587 136,239 Agriculture .......................................... 137 146 129 37,321 32,615 34,604 21,347 24,706 10,964 Nonagriculture ........................................ 897 1,057 790 184,366 204,480 162,450 156,100 184,894 123,819 Manufacturing ..................................... 408 339 375 92,383 59,916 80,230 75,794 58,204 63,480 Durable goods .................................. 214 179 215 46,163 33,702 47,421 37,812 29,503 43,435 Lumber and wood products ..................... 12 14 16 1,218 2,476 1,782 1,313 1,820 1,584 Furniture and fixtures ....................... 9 7 6 1,157 1,010 990 1,125 693 485 Stone, clay, and glass products .............. 7 7 5 868 901 667 1,600 886 384 Primary metal industries ..................... 22 16 18 3,831 2,140 4,903 4,379 1,855 4,078 Fabricated metal products .................... 27 25 29 4,618 4,197 4,817 4,324 3,801 4,509 Industrial machinery and equipment ........... 41 33 39 7,652 8,134 10,064 7,737 5,037 7,995 Electronic and other electrical equipment .... 28 19 21 14,527 3,101 4,442 4,694 2,790 3,466 Transportation equipment ..................... 52 44 63 10,093 9,770 17,552 10,931 10,710 18,998 Instruments and related products ............. 8 5 10 1,370 571 1,190 1,094 579 1,051 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ....... 8 9 8 829 1,402 1,014 615 1,332 885 Nondurable goods ............................... 194 160 160 46,220 26,214 32,809 37,982 28,701 20,045 Food and kindred products .................... 65 60 53 21,107 10,155 14,553 11,246 10,963 6,961 Tobacco products ............................. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Textile mill products ........................ 18 7 12 4,088 1,370 2,423 5,585 3,668 2,064 Apparel and other textile products ........... 52 40 36 10,136 5,593 5,999 11,151 6,004 4,576 Paper and allied products .................... 11 13 13 2,141 2,036 2,625 1,666 1,277 1,426 Printing and publishing ...................... 5 14 ( 2 ) 1,304 2,156 ( 2 ) 899 1,922 ( 2 ) Chemicals and allied products ................ 11 5 10 1,995 509 2,120 1,687 744 1,427 Petroleum and coal products .................. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products ... 26 15 22 4,231 3,864 2,654 4,875 3,498 2,145 Leather and leather products ................. 3 ( 2 ) 9 290 ( 2 ) 1,518 339 ( 2 ) 845 Nonmanufacturing .................................. 489 718 415 91,983 144,564 82,220 80,306 126,690 60,339 Mining ......................................... 12 4 4 4,583 556 874 5,718 377 714 Construction .................................... 74 68 61 11,012 12,168 9,520 12,075 12,304 8,107 Transportation and public utilities ............. 87 112 76 20,605 23,057 12,458 14,963 20,456 10,913 Wholesale and retail trade ...................... 101 148 71 22,521 36,772 12,429 14,444 30,078 7,418 Wholesale trade ............................. 29 38 17 5,552 7,174 2,594 3,260 5,048 1,481 Retail trade ................................ 72 110 54 16,969 29,598 9,835 11,184 25,030 5,937 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............. 43 43 20 5,438 6,433 4,841 6,009 6,485 2,473 Services ........................................ 172 343 183 27,824 65,578 42,098 27,097 56,990 30,714 Not identified ....................................... 6 8 7 590 1,206 1,185 555 987 1,456 Government .............................................. 57 61 49 19,448 19,044 11,664 11,971 18,280 6,030 Federal ......................................... 10 13 12 3,110 5,048 4,280 3,065 6,684 1,930 State ........................................... 5 7 10 1,835 1,425 3,142 1,434 1,450 1,430 Local ........................................... 42 41 27 14,503 12,571 4,242 7,472 10,146 2,670 1 For the third quarter of 2000, data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. Table 2. Reason for separation: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Reason for separation III II III III II III III II III 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p Total, all reasons( 1 ) .......... 1,097 1,272 975 241,725 257,345 209,903 189,973 228,867 142,269 Automation .......................... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - Bankruptcy .......................... 24 43 34 10,471 12,891 10,093 3,163 5,422 4,734 Business ownership change ........... 54 36 36 18,780 8,065 9,158 7,294 4,023 4,123 Contract cancellation ............... 17 20 25 2,655 2,764 3,824 2,057 3,019 2,817 Contract completed .................. 140 128 141 21,095 31,940 24,663 26,475 28,978 21,610 Domestic relocation ................. 16 22 16 3,001 3,367 3,222 2,294 6,191 2,025 Energy-related ...................... - - 3 - - 744 - - 467 Environment-related ................. - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Financial difficulty ................ 58 75 54 13,106 13,997 9,738 10,520 11,571 5,167 Import competition .................. 24 13 15 8,624 2,564 1,925 6,616 2,054 1,454 Labor dispute ....................... 3 8 10 829 2,442 10,415 495 1,507 10,233 Material shortage ................... 6 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,368 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 2,843 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Model changeover .................... - 3 ( 2 ) - 476 ( 2 ) - 337 ( 2 ) Natural disaster .................... ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - Overseas relocation ................. 5 9 10 988 991 1,886 594 1,004 1,336 Plant or machine repair ............. ( 2 ) 7 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,416 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,474 ( 2 ) Product line discontinued ........... 8 9 6 1,042 1,021 1,329 1,024 934 1,413 Reorganization within company ....... 110 89 84 22,042 19,247 18,559 23,354 19,272 11,670 Seasonal work ....................... 357 540 305 85,695 113,491 70,831 56,328 92,954 35,581 Slack work .......................... 121 104 118 17,972 13,378 25,800 21,624 21,335 23,120 Vacation period ..................... 25 63 10 13,129 9,698 1,093 3,712 8,037 1,138 Weather-related ..................... 5 ( 2 ) - 995 ( 2 ) - 494 ( 2 ) - Other ............................... 27 36 34 4,946 6,230 6,383 4,879 8,085 3,653 Not reported ........................ 92 62 68 14,367 11,938 9,479 15,635 11,991 9,380 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 3. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, second and third quarters, 2000 Percent of total Total Layoff events initial Hispanic claimants Black origin Women Persons age 55 and over State II III II III II III II III II III II III 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p 2000r 2000p Total( 1 ) ........ 1,272 975 228,867 142,269 17.9 15.9 23.3 20.1 54.0 42.0 14.7 14.2 Alabama ................ 22 10 2,661 2,417 54.5 20.3 .3 .1 76.4 26.1 13.1 25.3 Alaska ................. 5 ( 2 ) 848 ( 2 ) 4.8 1.0 5.4 13.7 64.9 29.8 13.2 13.2 Arizona ................ 38 15 6,591 1,736 2.0 1.5 59.6 80.9 46.9 44.1 11.8 11.6 Arkansas ............... 9 5 1,105 457 47.1 33.0 .6 16.4 56.1 44.4 7.8 10.5 California ............. 234 199 45,723 22,055 8.6 5.8 55.9 60.4 52.4 49.3 11.7 12.5 Colorado ............... 11 4 1,400 505 3.7 9.1 15.6 21.8 60.5 56.4 10.1 10.7 Connecticut ............ 12 5 1,598 660 14.2 22.6 13.1 12.0 69.6 51.4 16.3 14.4 Delaware ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - District of Columbia ... - - - - - - - - - - - - Florida ................ 88 97 15,132 10,776 28.4 29.2 34.1 20.5 47.8 44.5 19.2 20.1 Georgia ................ 4 ( 2 ) 947 ( 2 ) 58.0 62.6 .7 .7 61.4 83.3 7.9 26.2 Hawaii ................. 5 ( 2 ) 465 ( 2 ) 1.3 2.6 .6 1.0 32.0 12.7 16.8 20.8 Idaho .................. 8 4 700 320 .3 .3 4.4 19.7 35.6 20.9 13.7 15.3 Illinois ............... 101 85 19,131 10,532 27.2 19.7 6.6 14.1 56.0 41.7 14.1 12.7 Indiana ................ 18 12 2,549 1,357 28.6 15.0 2.9 4.2 69.8 46.7 16.9 9.1 Iowa ................... 4 ( 2 ) 1,430 ( 2 ) .8 - 3.2 14.9 31.2 65.7 19.4 7.5 Kansas ................. 8 ( 2 ) 1,005 ( 2 ) 16.9 16.5 5.4 8.5 44.0 37.3 13.8 5.7 Kentucky ............... 14 22 1,656 3,527 8.8 7.8 .3 .1 43.8 39.9 14.9 10.5 Louisiana .............. 5 ( 2 ) 604 ( 2 ) 38.6 56.8 1.0 1.1 57.9 76.1 15.6 10.2 Maine .................. 7 4 655 327 .3 - .2 - 37.4 45.0 8.5 13.8 Maryland ............... ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) 769 87.6 39.1 .8 .7 75.2 27.4 2.3 18.3 Massachusetts .......... 42 16 8,020 10,130 10.9 3.7 9.8 5.9 70.8 45.6 22.3 13.0 Michigan ............... 69 67 13,332 9,822 15.9 24.1 2.7 5.9 50.3 40.1 11.3 8.8 Minnesota .............. 19 8 3,166 697 6.1 6.3 2.7 1.7 47.5 42.6 15.3 17.2 Mississippi ............ 6 14 659 1,193 69.8 67.2 .3 .7 72.8 76.7 6.4 8.5 Missouri ............... 15 11 2,261 930 20.8 4.8 1.2 .9 38.8 38.9 19.2 13.7 Montana ................ 5 3 412 651 .2 - 2.2 .8 41.3 28.0 16.5 15.5 Nebraska ............... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 22.1 14.6 5.9 19.6 70.6 17.6 5.9 7.0 Nevada ................. 3 11 333 1,783 36.6 12.2 10.2 24.4 57.1 38.1 12.9 19.8 New Hampshire .......... 5 ( 2 ) 401 ( 2 ) .5 - 2.0 .6 71.1 58.9 24.7 10.0 New Jersey ............. 68 34 11,349 5,582 21.3 29.5 17.3 28.5 67.6 60.9 28.3 21.0 New Mexico ............. 8 ( 2 ) 895 ( 2 ) .8 2.1 41.9 52.6 57.5 35.8 12.5 13.7 New York ............... 33 70 6,989 9,802 20.1 19.4 18.0 12.6 67.3 55.4 15.2 21.2 North Carolina ......... 22 26 2,542 2,639 40.5 38.5 3.0 .8 56.4 51.3 15.5 12.8 North Dakota ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - Ohio ................... 68 48 10,929 6,245 19.4 12.2 2.1 1.3 47.8 29.8 13.1 13.3 Oklahoma ............... 3 3 462 272 10.8 9.2 14.7 5.5 9.5 46.3 10.4 21.3 Oregon ................. 9 12 1,086 6,331 1.8 8.6 9.1 5.8 31.1 14.3 13.1 7.7 Pennsylvania ........... 61 42 17,184 9,093 8.2 6.3 1.6 1.0 52.9 29.2 17.0 17.4 Rhode Island ........... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - 2.6 - 1.9 97.1 68.8 31.4 13.6 South Carolina ......... 15 7 4,918 975 57.1 42.3 .5 .4 63.7 57.6 1.3 10.8 South Dakota ........... ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - .3 - - - 68.7 - 17.0 - Tennessee .............. 22 16 3,327 1,369 16.0 25.8 1.6 .2 56.3 56.2 15.2 18.8 Texas .................. 116 61 24,509 12,602 22.0 20.3 40.9 32.4 48.8 31.7 13.8 11.4 Utah ................... 5 5 381 517 - .4 1.3 10.3 54.3 37.5 6.0 5.6 Vermont ................ 8 - 1,071 - .7 - .2 - 44.8 - 13.9 - Virginia ............... 14 11 1,492 982 42.6 35.1 1.0 .5 83.8 57.2 17.4 16.4 Washington ............. 20 11 3,286 1,194 5.0 4.1 21.6 30.2 49.2 45.7 15.4 12.4 West Virginia .......... - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - - - - - 78.9 - 5.6 Wisconsin .............. 38 14 5,061 1,955 19.2 .5 2.0 .4 50.2 30.6 15.6 10.6 Wyoming ................ - - - - - - - - - - - - Puerto Rico ............ 11 20 1,942 2,731 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 45.5 56.7 6.5 6.4 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 Data are not available. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 4. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Census region and division III II III III II III III II III 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p United States( 1 ) .. 1,097 1,272 975 241,725 257,345 209,903 189,973 228,867 142,269 Northeast ................ 254 237 174 56,727 40,825 36,611 40,677 47,337 35,928 New England .......... 41 75 28 17,117 17,459 13,790 4,934 11,815 11,451 Middle Atlantic ...... 213 162 146 39,610 23,366 22,821 35,743 35,522 24,477 South .................... 262 341 281 47,135 69,209 47,482 46,445 60,143 38,626 South Atlantic ....... 105 144 148 19,128 35,797 23,796 16,248 25,160 16,613 East South Central ... 43 64 62 7,341 10,714 11,654 6,562 8,303 8,506 West South Central ... 114 133 71 20,666 22,698 12,032 23,635 26,680 13,507 Midwest .................. 242 343 250 45,613 72,527 47,023 44,122 59,267 32,016 East North Central ... 217 294 226 40,940 62,696 44,106 39,741 51,002 29,911 West North Central ... 25 49 24 4,673 9,831 2,917 4,381 8,265 2,105 West ..................... 339 351 270 92,250 74,784 78,787 58,729 62,120 35,699 Mountain ............. 46 78 44 19,443 19,529 9,104 7,169 10,712 5,607 Pacific .............. 293 273 226 72,807 55,255 69,683 51,560 51,408 30,092 1 See footnote 1, table 1. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Table 5. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance State III II III III II III III II III 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p 1999r 2000r 2000p Total( 1 ) ........... 1,097 1,272 975 241,725 257,345 209,903 189,973 228,867 142,269 Alabama ................... 20 22 10 3,001 2,764 3,066 2,258 2,661 2,417 Alaska .................... ( 2 ) 5 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,029 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 848 ( 2 ) Arizona ................... 24 38 15 16,014 8,221 4,180 4,680 6,591 1,736 Arkansas .................. 4 9 5 1,726 1,298 920 1,393 1,105 457 California ................ 245 234 199 59,125 49,025 60,542 44,641 45,723 22,055 Colorado .................. ( 2 ) 11 4 ( 2 ) 5,727 530 ( 2 ) 1,400 505 Connecticut ............... 9 12 5 1,804 3,589 1,475 913 1,598 660 Delaware .................. - - - - - - - - - District of Columbia ...... - - - - - - - - - Florida ................... 44 88 97 6,855 15,468 15,388 5,081 15,132 10,776 Georgia ................... 17 4 ( 2 ) 3,649 5,473 ( 2 ) 2,109 947 ( 2 ) Hawaii .................... 8 5 ( 2 ) 665 465 ( 2 ) 717 465 ( 2 ) Idaho ..................... 8 8 4 1,222 890 446 1,080 700 320 Illinois .................. 56 101 85 14,944 28,213 21,303 10,968 19,131 10,532 Indiana ................... 18 18 12 3,139 4,614 1,868 2,190 2,549 1,357 Iowa ...................... ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,430 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,430 ( 2 ) Kansas .................... 6 8 ( 2 ) 792 1,551 ( 2 ) 511 1,005 ( 2 ) Kentucky .................. 7 14 22 899 3,739 4,300 615 1,656 3,527 Louisiana ................. 5 5 ( 2 ) 862 724 ( 2 ) 814 604 ( 2 ) Maine ..................... ( 2 ) 7 4 ( 2 ) 1,845 425 ( 2 ) 655 327 Maryland .................. 5 ( 2 ) 4 717 ( 2 ) 832 797 ( 2 ) 769 Massachusetts ............. 23 42 16 13,404 9,939 11,364 3,014 8,020 10,130 Michigan .................. 88 69 67 14,916 12,352 9,610 16,305 13,332 9,822 Minnesota ................. 8 19 8 1,782 3,493 955 1,904 3,166 697 Mississippi ............... 3 6 14 1,567 948 2,394 532 659 1,193 Missouri .................. 8 15 11 1,633 3,118 1,293 1,633 2,261 930 Montana ................... - 5 3 - 396 506 - 412 651 Nebraska .................. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Nevada .................... 8 3 11 853 377 1,996 709 333 1,783 New Hampshire ............. ( 2 ) 5 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,060 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 401 ( 2 ) New Jersey ................ 50 68 34 6,027 7,983 5,746 7,234 11,349 5,582 New Mexico ................ ( 2 ) 8 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,998 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 895 ( 2 ) New York .................. 104 33 70 23,413 4,569 10,446 15,624 6,989 9,802 North Carolina ............ 17 22 26 4,923 9,732 4,316 2,394 2,542 2,639 North Dakota .............. - - - - - - - - - Ohio ...................... 43 68 48 6,584 12,488 8,979 8,244 10,929 6,245 Oklahoma .................. 7 3 3 633 462 430 633 462 272 Oregon .................... 18 9 12 2,808 1,086 6,331 1,717 1,086 6,331 Pennsylvania .............. 59 61 42 10,170 10,814 6,629 12,885 17,184 9,093 Rhode Island .............. 6 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,540 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 671 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) South Carolina ............ 11 15 7 1,371 2,454 615 4,431 4,918 975 South Dakota .............. - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - Tennessee ................. 13 22 16 1,874 3,263 1,894 3,157 3,327 1,369 Texas ..................... 98 116 61 17,445 20,214 10,506 20,795 24,509 12,602 Utah ...................... 4 5 5 770 1,920 1,321 307 381 517 Vermont ................... - 8 - - 956 - - 1,071 - Virginia .................. 11 14 11 1,613 2,541 1,443 1,436 1,492 982 Washington ................ 20 20 11 4,095 3,650 2,175 4,232 3,286 1,194 West Virginia ............. - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) Wisconsin ................. 12 38 14 1,357 5,029 2,346 2,034 5,061 1,955 Wyoming ................... - - - - - - - - - Puerto Rico ............... 18 11 20 2,937 2,480 2,859 2,726 1,942 2,731 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero.