Technical information: (202) 606-6170 USDL 99-102 Media information: (202) 606-5902 For release: 10:00 A.M.EDT Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm Thursday, April 22, 1999 LOST-WORKTIME INJURIES AND ILLNESSES: CHARACTERISTICS AND RESULTING TIME AWAY FROM WORK, 1997 A total of 1.8 million injuries and illnesses that required recuperation away from work beyond the day of the incident were reported in private industry workplaces during 1997, according to a survey by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor. Such cases have declined in all occupations from 1993 through 1997. (Table A presents the number of injuries and illnesses requiring recuperation away from work in the past 5 years for the 10 occupations that accounted for nearly one-third of such cases in 1997.) Truck drivers experienced the largest number of injuries and illnesses with time away from work in all 5 years. Although the overall number of these injuries and illnesses declined by nearly 50,000 cases from 1996 to 1997, injuries and illnesses for three occupations--construction laborers, carpenters, and welders and cutters--increased. Table A. Number of occupational injuries and illnesses (in 1,000s) involving time away from work for selected occupations, 1993 - 1997 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 All occupations 2,252.6 2,236.6 2,040.9 1,880.5 1,833.4 Truck drivers 154.7 163.8 151.3 152.8 145.5 Laborers, nonconstruction 146.3 147.3 115.5 108.5 106.9 Nursing aides, orderlies 103.9 101.8 100.6 93.6 91.3 Janitors and cleaners 62.1 60.6 52.6 46.9 45.8 Construction laborers 54.6 55.7 43.5 43.7 45.8 Assemblers 46.8 53.0 55.5 44.0 44.3 Carpenters 34.8 37.4 35.0 33.5 37.1 Cooks 42.5 36.3 35.4 30.7 31.5 Stock handlers and baggers 39.5 37.2 34.7 31.9 29.2 Welders and cutters 29.4 29.4 29.9 26.1 28.4 Four out of 10 injuries and illnesses resulting in time away from work in 1997 were sprains or strains, most often involving the back, as in the preceding 4 years. The number of sprains or strains cases declined by nearly 17 percent from 1993 to 1997, slightly less than the decline for all cases (19 percent). Table B. Number of occupational injuries and illnesses (in 1,000s) involving time away from work by selected nature of injury and illness, 1993 - 1997 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Sprains, strains 959.2 963.5 876.8 819.7 799.0 Bruises, contusions 211.2 212.0 192.1 174.9 165.8 Cuts, lacerations 169.9 164.6 153.2 133.2 133.6 Fractures 136.5 138.5 124.6 120.5 119.5 Heat burns 37.7 37.3 36.1 29.0 30.0 Carpal tunnel syndrome 41.0 38.3 31.5 29.9 29.2 Tendonitis 25.0 25.2 22.1 17.4 18.0 Chemical burns 15.7 16.5 13.9 11.6 12.2 Amputations 11.3 12.2 11.3 10.2 10.9 Worker and case characteristics Worker characteristics detail the demographics of the injured or ill worker by providing not only the occupation but also the gender and age of the worker, occupational group, length of service with employer at the time of the incident, and race or ethnic origin (tables 1 and 2). Following are highlights of the 1997 findings for these worker traits: *Men accounted for two out of three of the 1.8 million cases, a proportion somewhat higher than their share (55 percent) of private wage and salary workers. *Workers aged 19 and under accounted for 3 percent of the cases and 6 percent of employment; 45 percent of injuries and illnesses to these young workers occurred in retail trade. Workers aged 25 to 44 accounted for 57 percent of the cases and 53 percent of employment; and workers aged 45 and over accounted for 26 percent of the cases and 30 percent of employment. *Operators, fabricators, and laborers led all other occupational groups, accounting for 42 percent of the case total. This group includes 6 of the 10 individual jobs with the largest number of lost worktime cases—truck drivers; laborers, nonconstruction; construction laborers; assemblers; stock handlers and baggers; and welders and cutters. Together, these six occupations accounted for 400,000 injuries and illnesses (table 3). *Nearly 7 out of 10 workers had at least a year of service with their employer when they sustained their injury or illness. Indeed, over a fourth had over 5 years of service, suggesting that many experienced workers incur lost worktime injuries. Case characteristics help identify the disabling condition resulting from the lost worktime case and how the event or exposure occurred. The survey contains four characteristics to describe each disabling injury or illness (tables 4 through 6). To illustrate, consider an injury to a nursing aide who sprains her back while lifting a patient. The nature, or physical effect, is a sprain or strain; the part of body affected, her back; the event, overexertion while lifting; and the source, the health care patient. Of the four characteristics, only the source changes when coding a similar incident for a truck driver who sprains his back trying to lift a box. Following are highlights of the 1997 findings for these case characteristics: *Sprain and strain was, by far, the leading nature of injury and illness in every major industry division, ranging from 32 percent in agriculture, forestry, and fishing to 52 percent in transportation and public utilities. *The trunk, including the back, was the body part most affected by disabling work incidents in every major industry division. Most other injuries and illnesses were to upper or lower extremities. *No one source of injury or illness stood out, although the following three had nearly 15 percent each of the case total: floors and other surfaces, worker motion or position, and containers. *Overexertion while maneuvering objects led all other disabling events or exposures, cited in a sixth to a third of the cases in every major industry division. Injury and illness severity Besides identifying high risk situations, the survey also helps focus on those kinds of injuries and illnesses resulting in the lengthiest absences from work (tables 7 through 10). Median days away from work--the key survey measure of severity--designates the point at which half the cases involved more days and half involved fewer days. The median number of lost workdays for all cases was 5 days in 1997, with a fourth of the cases resulting in 21 days or more away from work. The survey also found the following patterns: *Among major disabling injuries and illnesses, median days away from work were highest for carpal tunnel syndrome (25 days), fractures (21 days), and amputations (18 days). *Repetitive motion, such as grasping tools, scanning groceries, and typing, resulted in the longest absences from work among the leading events and exposures--a median of 17 days. *Truck drivers had the highest median days away from work (9 days), followed by carpenters, plumbers and pipe fitters, public transportation attendants, and butchers and meat cutters (each with 8 days). Technical note The Bureau of Labor Statistics has reported annually on the number of days- away-from-work injuries and illnesses in private industry and the rate of such incidents since the early 1970s. The 1997 national survey marks the sixth year that BLS has collected additional detailed information on such cases in the form of worker and case characteristics data, including workdays lost, summarized in this release. The number and frequency (incidence rates) of these cases are based on logs and other records kept by private industry employers throughout the year. These records reflect not only the year’s injury and illness experience but also the employer’s understanding of which cases are work related under current recordkeeping guidelines of the U.S. Department of Labor. The number of injuries and illnesses reported in a given year also can be influenced by changes in the level of economic activity, working conditions and work practices, worker experience and training, and the number of hours worked. The survey continues to measure the number of new work-related illness cases which are recognized, diagnosed, and reported each year. In 1997, 86,900 of the 1.8 million cases with days away from work were classified as illnesses. Some conditions, e.g., long-term latent illnesses caused by exposure to carcinogens, often are difficult to relate to the workplace and are not adequately recognized and reported. These long-term latent illnesses are believed to be understated in the survey. In contrast, the overwhelming majority of the reported new illnesses are those which are easier to directly relate to workplace activity (e.g., contact dermatitis or carpal tunnel syndrome). The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses is a Federal/State program (50/50 funded) in which employer reports are collected from about 165,000 private industry establishments and processed by state agencies cooperating with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational injury and illness data for coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for railroad activities were provided by the Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health Administration and the Department of Transportation’s Federal Railroad Administration. The survey excludes all fatalities at work and work-related nonfatal injuries and illnesses to the self employed; workers on farms with fewer than 11 employees; private household workers; and employees in federal, state, and local government agencies. The survey estimates of the characteristics of cases with days away from work are based on a scientifically selected probability sample, rather than a census of the entire population. Two levels of sampling were used. First, establishments were selected to represent themselves and, in many instances, other establishments of like industry and workforce size that were not selected that survey year. Then, sampled establishments projected to have large numbers of days away from work cases were instructed before the survey began on how to sample those cases to minimize the burden of their response. Because the data are based on a sample survey, the injury and illness estimates probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from all units covered by the survey. To determine the precision of each estimate, a standard error is calculated. The standard error defines a range (confidence interval) around the estimate. The approximate 95-percent confidence interval is the estimate plus or minus twice the standard error. The standard error also can be expressed as a percent of the estimate, or the relative standard error. For example, the 95-percent confidence interval for an incidence rate of 6.5 per 100 full-time workers with a relative standard error of 1.0 percent would be 6.5 plus or minus 2 percent (2 times 1.0 percent) or 6.37 to 6.63. One can be 95 percent confident that the "true" incidence rate falls within the confidence interval. The 1997 incidence rate for all occupational injuries and illnesses of 7.1 per 100 full-time workers in private industry has an estimated relative standard error of about 0.8 percent. A relative standard error was calculated for each estimate from the survey and will be published in a BLS bulletin that is scheduled to be available later in 1999. The data also are subject to nonsampling error. The inability to obtain detailed information about all cases in the sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, and definitional difficulties are general examples of nonsampling error in the survey. Although not measured, nonsampling errors will always occur when statistics are gathered. However, BLS has implemented quality assurance procedures to reduce nonsampling error in the survey, including a rigorous training program for State coders and a continuing effort to encourage survey participants to respond fully and accurately to all survey elements. Establishments are classified in industry categories based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget. The four case characteristics used to describe lost worktime injury and illness are based on definitions and rules of selection stipulated in the 1992 BLS Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System. The occupation of the injured or ill worker is based on the 1990 Occupational Classification System developed by the Bureau of the Census. TABLE 1. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work(1) by selected worker characteristics and industry division, 1997 (In thousands) Goods producing Service producing Pri- Agri- Trans- vate cul- por- Fi- Characteristic indus- ture, tation nance, try fores- Mining Con- Man- and Whole- Retail insu- Ser- (2) try, (3) struc- ufac- public sale trade rance, vices and tion turing util- trade and fish- ities real ing (3) estate (2) Total cases......|1833.4| 40.5| 18.1| 189.8| 446.1| 220.6| 138.2| 313.9| 42.7| 423.4 | | | | | | | | | | Sex: | | | | | | | | | | Male............|1209.1| 32.8| 17.8| 183.7| 332.6| 171.6| 117.5| 172.2| 21.0| 159.9 Female..........| 605.6| 7.4| .3| 5.4| 110.5| 42.8| 20.0| 136.7| 21.6| 260.9 | | | | | | | | | | Age:(4) | | | | | | | | | | 14 to 15........| .3| - | - | - | (5) | - | - | .1| (5) | .1 16 to 19........| 59.7| 1.3| .4| 3.8| 9.2| 3.7| 3.3| 27.0| .7| 10.4 20 to 24........| 208.1| 6.8| 2.0| 23.9| 48.0| 20.2| 15.2| 47.5| 3.0| 41.5 25 to 34........| 532.8| 12.9| 5.0| 64.0| 127.3| 64.4| 44.5| 85.0| 10.6| 119.0 35 to 44........| 517.8| 10.0| 4.9| 58.5| 130.5| 66.1| 40.7| 73.6| 12.6| 121.0 45 to 54........| 314.2| 5.8| 4.2| 23.9| 83.1| 44.0| 22.0| 44.2| 9.1| 78.0 55 to 64........| 134.7| 1.9| 1.0| 10.2| 36.4| 15.9| 8.8| 20.7| 3.9| 36.0 65 and over.....| 22.4| .4| (5) | .9| 3.3| 1.4| 1.5| 5.6| 1.3| 8.1 | | | | | | | | | | Occupation: | | | | | | | | | | Managerial and | | | | | | | | | | professional | | | | | | | | | | specialty......| 98.5| .6| .3| 1.8| 7.0| 3.1| 5.2| 11.4| 5.2| 63.8 Technical, | | | | | | | | | | sales, and | | | | | | | | | | administrative | | | | | | | | | | support........| 271.7| 1.0| .4| 2.7| 25.8| 29.9| 23.4| 102.3| 17.5| 68.6 Service.........| 315.0| .4| (5) | .6| 9.3| 11.2| 2.0| 79.5| 9.6| 202.4 Farming, | | | | | | | | | | forestry, and | | | | | | | | | | fishing........| 48.0| 32.2| (5) | .9| 3.9| .4| 1.1| 1.5| 2.6| 5.6 Precision | | | | | | | | | | production, | | | | | | | | | | craft, and | | | | | | | | | | repair.........| 310.4| 1.2| 9.8| 113.7| 74.5| 26.4| 17.3| 32.6| 4.7| 30.2 Operators, | | | | | | | | | | fabricators, | | | | | | | | | | and laborers...| 775.3| 4.7| 7.2| 69.3| 320.8| 148.9| 88.4| 84.2| 2.5| 49.3 | | | | | | | | | | Length of service| | | | | | | | | | with employer: | | | | | | | | | | Less than 3 | | | | | | | | | | months.........| 236.5| 8.6| 4.3| 37.7| 51.0| 18.7| 17.2| 46.8| 3.9| 48.3 3 to 11 months..| 328.2| 8.9| 3.7| 40.8| 70.7| 27.7| 24.2| 66.8| 6.4| 79.1 1 to 5 years....| 581.5| 12.4| 4.4| 63.5| 137.1| 55.4| 47.2| 103.4| 14.4| 143.8 More than 5 | | | | | | | | | | years..........| 479.7| 7.4| 4.5| 32.2| 145.3| 68.2| 36.5| 62.4| 14.0| 109.2 Not reported....| 207.3| 3.2| 1.2| 15.6| 42.0| 50.7| 13.1| 34.5| 3.9| 43.1 | | | | | | | | | | Race or ethnic | | | | | | | | | | origin: | | | | | | | | | | White, | | | | | | | | | | non-Hispanic...| 966.3| 16.2| 6.1| 123.8| 251.5| 89.8| 82.1| 163.2| 21.9| 211.6 Black, | | | | | | | | | | non-Hispanic...| 163.8| 1.7| .4| 9.1| 37.7| 17.4| 13.2| 23.1| 3.6| 57.7 Hispanic........| 187.2| 16.2| 1.9| 22.5| 46.5| 10.5| 16.5| 27.5| 5.2| 40.5 Asian or Pacific| | | | | | | | | | Islander.......| 31.0| .8| - | 1.7| 6.8| 2.7| 2.2| 6.4| .8| 9.5 American Indian | | | | | | | | | | or Alaskan | | | | | | | | | | Native.........| 7.6| .3| .1| 1.3| 1.6| .7| .3| 1.2| .2| 1.9 Not reported....| 477.5| 5.3| 9.6| 31.4| 102.0| 99.5| 23.8| 92.6| 10.9| 102.2 1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. 4 Information is not shown separately in this release for injured workers under age 14; they accounted for fewer than 50 cases. 5 Fewer than 50 cases NOTE: Dashes indicate data that are not available. Because of rounding and nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor TABLE 2. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work(1) by selected worker characteristics and industry division, 1997 Goods producing Service producing Priva- Agri- Trans- Fi- te cul- por- nance, Characteristic indus- ture, Con- Man- tation Whole- insu- try fores- Mining struc- ufac- and sale Retail rance, Ser- (2) try, (3) tion turing public trade trade and vices and util- real fishi- ities estate ng (2) (3) Total [1,833,380 | | | | | | | | | | cases]..........| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0 | | | | | | | | | | Sex: | | | | | | | | | | Male............| 65.9| 81.1| 98.4| 96.8| 74.6| 77.8| 85.0| 54.9| 49.1| 37.8 Female..........| 33.0| 18.4| 1.6| 2.8| 24.8| 19.4| 14.4| 43.6| 50.7| 61.6 | | | | | | | | | | Age:(4) | | | | | | | | | | 14 to 15........| (5) | - | - | - | (5) | - | - | (5) | (5) | (5) 16 to 19........| 3.3| 3.3| 2.0| 2.0| 2.1| 1.7| 2.4| 8.6| 1.6| 2.5 20 to 24........| 11.3| 16.9| 11.1| 12.6| 10.8| 9.2| 11.0| 15.1| 7.1| 9.8 25 to 34........| 29.1| 32.0| 27.5| 33.7| 28.5| 29.2| 32.2| 27.1| 24.9| 28.1 35 to 44........| 28.2| 24.6| 26.9| 30.8| 29.3| 29.9| 29.5| 23.4| 29.6| 28.6 45 to 54........| 17.1| 14.2| 23.0| 12.6| 18.6| 19.9| 15.9| 14.1| 21.3| 18.4 55 to 64........| 7.3| 4.6| 5.8| 5.4| 8.2| 7.2| 6.3| 6.6| 9.1| 8.5 65 and over.....| 1.2| .9| .3| .5| .7| .6| 1.1| 1.8| 3.0| 1.9 | | | | | | | | | | Occupation: | | | | | | | | | | Managerial and | | | | | | | | | | professional | | | | | | | | | | specialty......| 5.4| 1.4| 1.8| 1.0| 1.6| 1.4| 3.7| 3.6| 12.3| 15.1 Technical, | | | | | | | | | | sales, and | | | | | | | | | | administrative | | | | | | | | | | support........| 14.8| 2.5| 2.5| 1.4| 5.8| 13.6| 17.0| 32.6| 40.9| 16.2 Service.........| 17.2| 1.1| .1| .3| 2.1| 5.1| 1.5| 25.3| 22.5| 47.8 Farming, | | | | | | | | | | forestry, and | | | | | | | | | | fishing........| 2.6| 79.4| .1| .4| .9| .2| .8| .5| 6.0| 1.3 Precision | | | | | | | | | | production, | | | | | | | | | | craft, and | | | | | | | | | | repair.........| 16.9| 3.1| 54.5| 59.9| 16.7| 12.0| 12.5| 10.4| 10.9| 7.1 Operators, | | | | | | | | | | fabricators, | | | | | | | | | | and laborers...| 42.3| 11.7| 39.6| 36.5| 71.9| 67.5| 63.9| 26.8| 6.0| 11.6 | | | | | | | | | | Length of service| | | | | | | | | | with employer: | | | | | | | | | | Less than 3 | | | | | | | | | | months.........| 12.9| 21.3| 23.8| 19.9| 11.4| 8.5| 12.4| 14.9| 9.2| 11.4 3 to 11 months..| 17.9| 22.0| 20.4| 21.5| 15.8| 12.5| 17.5| 21.3| 15.1| 18.7 1 to 5 years....| 31.7| 30.6| 24.1| 33.4| 30.7| 25.1| 34.1| 32.9| 33.8| 34.0 More than 5 | | | | | | | | | | years..........| 26.2| 18.3| 24.9| 17.0| 32.6| 30.9| 26.4| 19.9| 32.8| 25.8 Not reported....| 11.3| 7.8| 6.9| 8.2| 9.4| 23.0| 9.5| 11.0| 9.1| 10.2 | | | | | | | | | | Race or ethnic | | | | | | | | | | origin: | | | | | | | | | | White, | | | | | | | | | | non-Hispanic...| 52.7| 40.0| 33.8| 65.2| 56.4| 40.7| 59.4| 52.0| 51.3| 50.0 Black, | | | | | | | | | | non-Hispanic...| 8.9| 4.1| 2.3| 4.8| 8.4| 7.9| 9.6| 7.4| 8.4| 13.6 Hispanic........| 10.2| 39.9| 10.4| 11.9| 10.4| 4.8| 11.9| 8.7| 12.3| 9.6 Asian or Pacific| | | | | | | | | | Islander.......| 1.7| 2.1| - | .9| 1.5| 1.2| 1.6| 2.0| 1.9| 2.2 American Indian | | | | | | | | | | or Alaskan | | | | | | | | | | Native.........| .4| .7| .3| .7| .4| .3| .2| .4| .6| .5 Not reported....| 26.0| 13.2| 53.2| 16.6| 22.9| 45.1| 17.3| 29.5| 25.6| 24.1 1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. 4 Information is not shown separately in this release for injured workers under age 14; they accounted for fewer than 50 cases. 5 Less than 0.1 percent NOTE: Dashes indicate data that are not available. Because of rounding and nonclassifiable responses, percentages may not add to 100. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor TABLE 3. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work(1) by selected occupation and industry division, 1997 (In thousands) Goods producing Service producing Pri- Agri- Trans- vate cul- por- Fi- Occupation indus- ture, tation nance, try fores- Mining Con- Man- and Whole- Retail insu- Ser- (2) try, (3) struc- ufac- public sale trade rance, vices and tion turing util- trade and fish- ities real ing (3) estate (2) Total cases......|1833.4| 40.5| 18.1| 189.8| 446.1| 220.6| 138.2| 313.9| 42.7| 423.4 | | | | | | | | | | Truck drivers....| 145.5| 1.1| .7| 6.0| 12.1| 77.7| 24.1| 15.6| .4| 7.9 Laborers, | | | | | | | | | | nonconstruction.| 106.9| .9| 1.9| - | 36.0| 9.4| 28.2| 16.9| 1.4| 12.3 Nursing aides, | | | | | | | | | | orderlies.......| 91.3| - | - | - | (4) | - | - | - | .4| 90.9 Janitors and | | | | | | | | | | cleaners........| 45.8| .3| (4) | .6| 7.7| 1.2| 1.1| 6.3| 6.1| 22.5 Construction | | | | | | | | | | laborers........| 45.8| - | - | 44.3| .1| .3| .1| - | (4) | .9 Assemblers.......| 44.3| - | (4) | .5| 37.2| .3| 2.8| 1.4| - | 2.2 Carpenters.......| 37.1| - | (4) | 29.7| 2.9| .1| .7| 1.1| .6| 1.9 Cooks............| 31.5| - | - | - | .3| .1| - | 21.5| .1| 9.4 Stock handlers | | | | | | | | | | and baggers.....| 29.2| - | (4) | - | 1.3| .2| 2.8| 24.6| - | .2 Welders and | | | | | | | | | | cutters.........| 28.4| .1| .3| 1.9| 22.4| .8| 1.4| .1| .2| 1.3 | | | | | | | | | | Registered nurses| 27.3| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | .1| 27.0 Supervisors and | | | | | | | | | | proprietors.....| 26.5| - | - | - | .8| - | 3.9| 20.1| .5| 1.0 Cashiers.........| 25.9| - | - | - | .1| .1| .3| 23.1| .3| 2.0 Sales workers, | | | | | | | | | | other | | | | | | | | | | commodities.....| 25.4| .1| - | - | .3| .1| 1.1| 22.3| .2| 1.2 Maids and | | | | | | | | | | housemen........| 22.8| - | - | - | .1| (4) | - | .1| .5| 22.0 Miscellaneous | | | | | | | | | | food preparation| 21.9| - | - | - | .4| - | .1| 14.3| .1| 6.9 Groundskeepers | | | | | | | | | | and gardeners, | | | | | | | | | | except farm.....| 18.6| 9.2| (4) | .8| .2| .3| .2| 1.0| 2.5| 4.4 Mechanics, | | | | | | | | | | automobile......| 18.3| - | - | .2| .4| .4| .6| 11.2| - | 5.5 Electricians.....| 17.7| - | .3| 12.8| 2.4| .4| .6| .2| .1| 1.0 Shipping and | | | | | | | | | | receiving clerks| 17.0| .1| - | .1| 5.6| 4.1| 2.2| 4.1| - | .9 | | | | | | | | | | Farm workers.....| 15.3| 14.5| - | - | .4| - | .2| - | - | .2 Driver-sales | | | | | | | | | | workers.........| 14.8| .1| - | - | 3.8| 1.0| 6.0| 2.3| - | 1.4 Industrial truck | | | | | | | | | | operators.......| 13.6| .7| .4| .5| 6.2| 1.9| 2.2| 1.4| .1| .3 Kitchen workers..| 13.3| - | - | - | .1| - | .4| 11.8| - | 1.0 Plumbers and | | | | | | | | | | pipefitters.....| 13.0| - | (4) | 9.7| 1.0| .5| .1| .2| (4) | 1.4 Packaging, | | | | | | | | | | filling machine | | | | | | | | | | operators.......| 12.6| .1| - | - | 11.0| .1| 1.0| .2| - | .2 Guards and | | | | | | | | | | police, except | | | | | | | | | | public..........| 12.6| .1| (4) | - | .3| .3| .1| 1.0| .6| 10.1 Waiters and | | | | | | | | | | waitresses......| 12.6| - | - | - | (4) | - | - | 8.0| .1| 4.4 Stock and | | | | | | | | | | inventory clerks| 12.2| - | - | .5| 2.6| .7| 1.4| 5.5| .1| 1.4 Licensed | | | | | | | | | | practical nurses| 11.8| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.7 | | | | | | | | | | Supervisors, | | | | | | | | | | production | | | | | | | | | | workers.........| 11.5| - | (4) | - | 8.1| .9| .6| .7| .1| .9 Repairers, | | | | | | | | | | industrial | | | | | | | | | | machinery.......| 11.4| - | 1.2| .1| 8.7| .2| .7| .1| - | .3 Health aides, | | | | | | | | | | except nursing..| 11.1| - | - | - | - | - | .1| - | (4) | 11.0 Mechanics, bus, | | | | | | | | | | truck, | | | | | | | | | | stationary | | | | | | | | | | engine..........| 10.3| .2| - | .4| .6| 3.3| 2.2| .9| - | 2.6 Machinists.......| 10.0| - | (4) | - | 8.9| .1| .5| .1| - | .4 Attendants, | | | | | | | | | | public | | | | | | | | | | transportation..| 8.7| - | - | - | - | 8.6| - | - | - | .1 General office | | | | | | | | | | clerks..........| 8.6| .2| (4) | .1| .7| .8| 1.3| 1.1| .9| 3.6 Hand packers and | | | | | | | | | | packagers.......| 8.5| .2| - | - | 4.1| .3| 1.1| 2.0| - | 1.0 Waiters', | | | | | | | | | | waitresses' | | | | | | | | | | assistants......| 8.4| - | - | - | - | - | - | 5.8| - | 2.6 Production | | | | | | | | | | inspectors......| 8.1| - | - | - | 6.7| .2| .5| .2| (4) | .4 | | | | | | | | | | Vehicle washers | | | | | | | | | | and cleaners....| 7.8| 0.1| - | - | 1.8| 1.4| 0.6| 2.0| - | 1.9 Butchers and meat| | | | | | | | | | cutters.........| 7.6| - | - | - | 2.3| - | .4| 4.8| - | - Secretaries......| 7.6| - | (4) | 0.1| .8| .2| .2| .8| 0.7| 4.8 1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. 4 Fewer than 50 cases NOTE: Dashes indicate data that are not available. Because of rounding and nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor TABLE 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work(1) by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1997 (In thousands) Goods producing Service producing Pri- Agri- Trans- vate cul- por- Fi- Characteristic indus- ture, tation nance, try fores- Mining Con- Man- and Whole- Retail insu- Ser- (2) try, (3) struc- ufac- public sale trade rance, vices and tion turing util- trade and fish- ities real ing (3) estate (2) Total cases......|1833.4| 40.5| 18.1| 189.8| 446.1| 220.6| 138.2| 313.9| 42.7| 423.4 | | | | | | | | | | Nature of injury | | | | | | | | | | or illness: | | | | | | | | | | Sprains, | | | | | | | | | | strains.......| 799.0| 13.2| 6.6| 70.1| 170.4| 115.2| 64.4| 130.1| 16.2| 212.9 Bruises, | | | | | | | | | | contusions....| 165.8| 3.5| 2.2| 15.3| 40.2| 23.1| 11.2| 31.8| 2.7| 35.8 Cuts, | | | | | | | | | | lacerations...| 133.6| 4.8| 1.1| 18.2| 37.6| 8.8| 9.1| 34.2| 2.6| 17.2 Fractures......| 119.5| 3.3| 3.1| 19.5| 29.6| 11.9| 9.8| 18.1| 3.0| 21.3 Heat burns.....| 30.0| .2| .2| 2.1| 7.8| .8| 1.0| 11.7| .3| 5.8 Carpal tunnel | | | | | | | | | | syndrome......| 29.2| .2| .1| 1.1| 12.2| 2.2| 1.8| 3.1| 2.4| 6.1 Tendonitis.....| 18.0| .2| - | .8| 8.2| .8| .8| 3.0| .6| 3.7 Chemical burns.| 12.2| .2| .1| 1.0| 4.2| .6| 1.0| 2.4| .1| 2.5 Amputations....| 10.9| .3| .2| 1.2| 5.6| .6| .8| 1.4| .1| .7 Multiple | | | | | | | | | | traumatic | | | | | | | | | | injuries......| 59.8| 1.2| .7| 5.9| 13.2| 9.2| 4.7| 9.6| 1.9| 13.5 | | | | | | | | | | Part of body | | | | | | | | | | affected by the | | | | | | | | | | injury or | | | | | | | | | | illness: | | | | | | | | | | Head...........| 123.4| 4.6| 1.5| 15.5| 35.5| 12.0| 9.0| 17.9| 2.3| 25.2 Eye...........| 64.9| 2.9| .6| 9.0| 24.1| 4.3| 4.9| 7.7| .9| 10.6 Neck...........| 32.0| .6| .3| 3.1| 6.1| 4.7| 2.4| 4.8| .7| 9.2 Trunk..........| 687.4| 12.6| 5.6| 66.3| 153.7| 90.4| 57.1| 110.6| 13.7| 177.3 Shoulder......| 92.8| 1.5| .6| 8.3| 24.1| 14.5| 6.3| 14.3| 1.4| 21.7 Back..........| 472.1| 8.2| 3.6| 44.5| 97.8| 60.5| 39.6| 76.6| 9.8| 131.4 Upper | | | | | | | | | | extremities...| 419.5| 10.3| 4.5| 39.9| 137.4| 34.1| 27.4| 83.5| 9.8| 72.4 Wrist.........| 92.2| 1.6| .5| 5.8| 29.0| 8.5| 6.4| 17.0| 3.8| 19.7 Hand, except | | | | | | | | | | finger.......| 72.9| 2.4| .6| 7.8| 22.4| 5.3| 4.7| 16.4| 1.4| 11.9 Finger........| 154.1| 3.9| 2.3| 17.4| 56.1| 9.7| 10.3| 31.9| 2.2| 20.4 Lower | | | | | | | | | | extremities...| 375.0| 8.9| 4.8| 47.0| 76.3| 52.1| 29.2| 66.5| 8.9| 81.4 Knee..........| 129.9| 2.7| 1.4| 14.7| 24.9| 17.8| 11.3| 23.3| 3.0| 30.9 Foot, except | | | | | | | | | | toe..........| 69.3| 1.6| 1.2| 10.9| 16.1| 8.4| 5.3| 13.2| 1.6| 10.9 Toe...........| 21.3| .4| .6| 2.9| 5.3| 2.3| 2.0| 4.1| .3| 3.3 Body systems...| 25.2| .3| .2| 2.0| 5.2| 3.1| 1.5| 3.2| 1.6| 8.1 Multiple parts.| 150.6| 2.5| 1.0| 14.2| 27.1| 22.5| 10.1| 24.2| 5.1| 44.0 Source of injury | | | | | | | | | | or illness: | | | | | | | | | | Chemicals and | | | | | | | | | | chemical | | | | | | | | | | products......| 32.2| 0.7| 1.1| 2.8| 10.2| 2.4| 1.9| 4.9| 0.8| 7.6 Containers.....| 267.4| 3.3| 1.0| 11.0| 61.9| 54.5| 31.4| 63.8| 4.7| 36.0 Furniture and | | | | | | | | | | fixtures......| 64.4| .4| (4) | 3.5| 12.1| 3.9| 3.1| 18.4| 2.7| 20.4 Machinery......| 122.8| 2.6| 2.4| 11.3| 51.9| 4.9| 9.9| 22.3| 2.1| 15.5 Parts and | | | | | | | | | | materials.....| 207.3| 3.6| 4.0| 46.0| 80.8| 16.0| 17.0| 21.8| 2.7| 15.3 Worker motion | | | | | | | | | | or position...| 277.5| 4.9| .9| 23.7| 80.6| 32.7| 20.6| 40.8| 9.4| 64.0 Floors, | | | | | | | | | | walkways, | | | | | | | | | | ground | | | | | | | | | | surfaces......| 287.8| 6.7| 2.7| 33.1| 45.3| 36.3| 19.1| 59.8| 9.5| 75.5 Tools, | | | | | | | | | | instruments, | | | | | | | | | | and equipment.| 108.0| 3.5| 1.6| 20.1| 29.3| 7.6| 5.4| 17.6| 1.7| 21.2 Vehicles.......| 147.8| 3.4| 1.2| 10.4| 21.9| 39.2| 16.9| 23.1| 2.8| 28.9 Health care | | | | | | | | | | patient.......| 85.9| - | - | - | (4) | 1.1| .1| - | .2| 84.4 | | | | | | | | | | Event or exposure| | | | | | | | | | leading to | | | | | | | | | | injury or | | | | | | | | | | illness: | | | | | | | | | | Contact with | | | | | | | | | | objects and | | | | | | | | | | equipment.....| 494.4| 13.9| 8.5| 66.1| 151.0| 46.1| 37.2| 88.4| 7.6| 75.5 Struck by | | | | | | | | | | object.......| 239.3| 6.3| 4.6| 36.5| 63.2| 22.8| 17.7| 45.6| 4.2| 38.5 Struck against| | | | | | | | | | object.......| 128.9| 3.9| 1.5| 14.4| 35.3| 12.9| 9.9| 27.5| 2.2| 21.5 Caught in | | | | | | | | | | equipment or | | | | | | | | | | object.......| 80.1| 2.1| 2.2| 7.5| 37.1| 6.1| 6.5| 9.9| .7| 8.0 Fall to lower | | | | | | | | | | level.........| 99.9| 3.4| 1.8| 22.0| 14.4| 15.7| 8.2| 13.2| 3.2| 18.1 Fall on same | | | | | | | | | | level.........| 198.1| 3.6| 1.2| 13.3| 34.0| 20.7| 11.0| 48.8| 6.7| 58.9 Slip, trip, | | | | | | | | | | loss of | | | | | | | | | | balanceÐwitho-| | | | | | | | | | ut fall.......| 57.4| .9| .4| 5.7| 11.4| 7.3| 4.4| 11.0| 1.6| 14.7 Overexertion...| 507.5| 6.9| 3.9| 44.3| 117.3| 66.8| 43.4| 77.9| 9.5| 137.5 Overexertion | | | | | | | | | | in lifting...| 297.3| 3.8| 1.5| 25.5| 64.8| 37.6| 28.5| 52.8| 6.1| 76.8 Repetitive | | | | | | | | | | motion........| 75.2| .7| .1| 2.8| 35.9| 5.2| 4.4| 9.1| 4.4| 12.7 Exposure to | | | | | | | | | | harmful | | | | | | | | | | substances....| 83.4| 2.5| .7| 7.0| 24.4| 6.7| 4.0| 17.6| 1.7| 18.9 Transportation | | | | | | | | | | accidents.....| 74.1| 1.6| .6| 5.7| 8.5| 20.6| 8.0| 9.8| 2.2| 17.2 Fires and | | | | | | | | | | explosions....| 3.7| - | .1| .5| .8| .4| .2| 1.0| .1| .6 Assaults and | | | | | | | | | | violent acts | | | | | | | | | | by person.....| 21.3| - | (4) | .2| .6| .8| .5| 2.9| .3| 16.0 1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. 4 Fewer than 50 cases NOTE: Dashes indicate data that are not available. Because of rounding and nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor TABLE 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work(1) by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1997 Goods producing Service producing Priva- Agri- Trans- Fi- te cul- por- nance, Characteristic indus- ture, Con- Man- tation Whole- insu- try fores- Mining struc- ufac- and sale Retail rance, Ser- (2) try, (3) tion turing public trade trade and vices and util- real fishi- ities estate ng (2) (3) Total [1,833,380 | | | | | | | | | | cases]..........| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0 | | | | | | | | | | Nature of injury | | | | | | | | | | or illness: | | | | | | | | | | Sprains, | | | | | | | | | | strains.......| 43.6| 32.5| 36.3| 36.9| 38.2| 52.2| 46.6| 41.4| 38.0| 50.3 Bruises, | | | | | | | | | | contusions....| 9.0| 8.7| 12.2| 8.0| 9.0| 10.5| 8.1| 10.1| 6.3| 8.4 Cuts, | | | | | | | | | | lacerations...| 7.3| 12.0| 6.3| 9.6| 8.4| 4.0| 6.6| 10.9| 6.1| 4.1 Fractures......| 6.5| 8.0| 17.1| 10.3| 6.6| 5.4| 7.1| 5.8| 7.0| 5.0 Heat burns.....| 1.6| .5| 1.4| 1.1| 1.7| .4| .7| 3.7| .8| 1.4 Carpal tunnel | | | | | | | | | | syndrome......| 1.6| .6| .4| .6| 2.7| 1.0| 1.3| 1.0| 5.7| 1.4 Tendonitis.....| 1.0| .4| - | .4| 1.8| .4| .6| 1.0| 1.3| .9 Chemical burns.| .7| .5| .8| .5| .9| .3| .8| .8| .3| .6 Amputations....| .6| .8| 1.4| .6| 1.2| .3| .6| .4| .1| .2 Multiple | | | | | | | | | | traumatic | | | | | | | | | | injuries......| 3.3| 2.9| 3.7| 3.1| 2.9| 4.2| 3.4| 3.0| 4.4| 3.2 | | | | | | | | | | Part of body | | | | | | | | | | affected by the | | | | | | | | | | injury or | | | | | | | | | | illness: | | | | | | | | | | Head...........| 6.7| 11.4| 8.3| 8.1| 8.0| 5.5| 6.5| 5.7| 5.3| 5.9 Eye...........| 3.5| 7.1| 3.1| 4.8| 5.4| 1.9| 3.5| 2.5| 2.1| 2.5 Neck...........| 1.7| 1.5| 1.9| 1.6| 1.4| 2.1| 1.7| 1.5| 1.7| 2.2 Trunk..........| 37.5| 31.2| 31.2| 34.9| 34.5| 41.0| 41.3| 35.2| 32.0| 41.9 Shoulder......| 5.1| 3.6| 3.6| 4.4| 5.4| 6.6| 4.6| 4.5| 3.3| 5.1 Back..........| 25.7| 20.3| 20.1| 23.4| 21.9| 27.4| 28.7| 24.4| 23.0| 31.0 Upper | | | | | | | | | | extremities...| 22.9| 25.4| 25.1| 21.0| 30.8| 15.5| 19.8| 26.6| 23.0| 17.1 Wrist.........| 5.0| 3.9| 2.6| 3.1| 6.5| 3.8| 4.6| 5.4| 8.9| 4.6 Hand, except | | | | | | | | | | finger.......| 4.0| 6.0| 3.3| 4.1| 5.0| 2.4| 3.4| 5.2| 3.2| 2.8 Finger........| 8.4| 9.5| 12.5| 9.2| 12.6| 4.4| 7.5| 10.2| 5.2| 4.8 Lower | | | | | | | | | | extremities...| 20.5| 21.9| 26.4| 24.8| 17.1| 23.6| 21.1| 21.2| 20.9| 19.2 Knee..........| 7.1| 6.7| 7.6| 7.7| 5.6| 8.0| 8.1| 7.4| 7.1| 7.3 Foot, except | | | | | | | | | | toe..........| 3.8| 4.1| 6.4| 5.7| 3.6| 3.8| 3.9| 4.2| 3.8| 2.6 Toe...........| 1.2| 1.0| 3.3| 1.5| 1.2| 1.1| 1.4| 1.3| .6| .8 Body systems...| 1.4| .7| 1.0| 1.0| 1.2| 1.4| 1.1| 1.0| 3.8| 1.9 Multiple parts.| 8.2| 6.2| 5.6| 7.5| 6.1| 10.2| 7.3| 7.7| 11.8| 10.4 | | | | | | | | | | Source of injury | | | | | | | | | | or illness: | | | | | | | | | | Chemicals and | | | | | | | | | | chemical | | | | | | | | | | products......| 1.8| 1.6| 6.1| 1.5| 2.3| 1.1| 1.3| 1.6| 1.9| 1.8 Containers.....| 14.6| 8.2| 5.3| 5.8| 13.9| 24.7| 22.7| 20.3| 11.0| 8.5 Furniture and | | | | | | | | | | fixtures......| 3.5| .9| .2| 1.8| 2.7| 1.7| 2.3| 5.9| 6.3| 4.8 Machinery......| 6.7| 6.3| 13.5| 5.9| 11.6| 2.2| 7.2| 7.1| 4.9| 3.7 Parts and | | | | | | | | | | materials.....| 11.3| 8.8| 22.4| 24.2| 18.1| 7.2| 12.3| 7.0| 6.2| 3.6 Worker motion | | | | | | | | | | or position...| 15.1| 12.1| 4.9| 12.5| 18.1| 14.8| 14.9| 13.0| 21.9| 15.1 Floors, | | | | | | | | | | walkways, | | | | | | | | | | ground | | | | | | | | | | surfaces......| 15.7| 16.5| 15.1| 17.4| 10.1| 16.4| 13.8| 19.1| 22.2| 17.8 Tools, | | | | | | | | | | instruments, | | | | | | | | | | and equipment.| 5.9| 8.5| 9.0| 10.6| 6.6| 3.5| 3.9| 5.6| 4.0| 5.0 Vehicles.......| 8.1| 8.5| 6.5| 5.5| 4.9| 17.8| 12.2| 7.4| 6.5| 6.8 Health care | | | | | | | | | | patient.......| 4.7| - | - | - | (4) | .5| .1| - | .5| 19.9 | | | | | | | | | | Event or exposure| | | | | | | | | | leading to | | | | | | | | | | injury or | | | | | | | | | | illness: | | | | | | | | | | Contact with | | | | | | | | | | objects and | | | | | | | | | | equipment.....| 27.0| 34.4| 47.2| 34.8| 33.8| 20.9| 27.0| 28.2| 17.9| 17.8 Struck by | | | | | | | | | | object.......| 13.1| 15.5| 25.6| 19.2| 14.2| 10.3| 12.8| 14.5| 9.8| 9.1 Struck against| | | | | | | | | | object.......| 7.0| 9.6| 8.4| 7.6| 7.9| 5.9| 7.1| 8.7| 5.0| 5.1 Caught in | | | | | | | | | | equipment or | | | | | | | | | | object.......| 4.4| 5.2| 12.3| 4.0| 8.3| 2.8| 4.7| 3.2| 1.6| 1.9 Fall to lower | | | | | | | | | | level.........| 5.4| 8.4| 9.7| 11.6| 3.2| 7.1| 5.9| 4.2| 7.6| 4.3 Fall on same | | | | | | | | | | level.........| 10.8| 8.8| 6.5| 7.0| 7.6| 9.4| 8.0| 15.5| 15.7| 13.9 Slip, trip, | | | | | | | | | | loss of | | | | | | | | | | balanceÐwitho-| | | | | | | | | | ut fall.......| 3.1| 2.2| 2.0| 3.0| 2.5| 3.3| 3.2| 3.5| 3.9| 3.5 Overexertion...| 27.7| 17.0| 21.8| 23.3| 26.3| 30.3| 31.4| 24.8| 22.2| 32.5 Overexertion | | | | | | | | | | in lifting...| 16.2| 9.3| 8.4| 13.4| 14.5| 17.1| 20.6| 16.8| 14.2| 18.1 Repetitive | | | | | | | | | | motion........| 4.1| 1.8| .6| 1.5| 8.0| 2.3| 3.2| 2.9| 10.2| 3.0 Exposure to | | | | | | | | | | harmful | | | | | | | | | | substances....| 4.6| 6.2| 3.7| 3.7| 5.5| 3.0| 2.9| 5.6| 4.1| 4.5 Transportation | | | | | | | | | | accidents.....| 4.0| 4.0| 3.2| 3.0| 1.9| 9.3| 5.8| 3.1| 5.2| 4.1 Fires and | | | | | | | | | | explosions....| .2| - | .5| .3| .2| .2| .1| .3| .3| .1 Assaults and | | | | | | | | | | violent acts | | | | | | | | | | by person.....| 1.2| - | (4) | .1| .1| .4| .3| .9| .8| 3.8 1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. 4 Less than 0.1 percent NOTE: Dashes indicate data that are not available. Because of rounding and nonclassifiable responses, percentages may not add to 100. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor TABLE 6. Incidence rates(1) for nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work(2) per 10,000 full-time workers for selected characteristics and industry division, 1997 Goods producing Service producing Pri- Agri- Trans- vate cul- por- Fi- Characteristic indus- ture, tation nance, try fores- Mining Con- Man- and Whole- Retail insur- Ser- (3) try, (4) struc- ufac- public sale trade ance, vices and tion turing util- trade and fish- ities real ing (4) estate (3) Total [1,833,380 | | | | | | | | | | cases]..........| 212.3| 300.5| 292.7| 364.8| 238.3| 365.4| 214.3| 193.0| 67.4| 166.9 | | | | | | | | | | Nature of injury | | | | | | | | | | or illness: | | | | | | | | | | Sprains, | | | | | | | | | | strains.......| 92.5| 97.6| 106.2| 134.7| 91.0| 190.8| 99.9| 79.9| 25.6| 84.0 Bruises, | | | | | | | | | | contusions....| 19.2| 26.1| 35.6| 29.3| 21.5| 38.3| 17.4| 19.6| 4.2| 14.1 Cuts, | | | | | | | | | | lacerations...| 15.5| 35.9| 18.3| 34.9| 20.1| 14.6| 14.1| 21.0| 4.1| 6.8 Fractures......| 13.8| 24.2| 50.1| 37.5| 15.8| 19.6| 15.2| 11.1| 4.7| 8.4 Heat burns.....| 3.5| 1.5| 4.0| 4.1| 4.2| 1.3| 1.5| 7.2| (5) | 2.3 Carpal tunnel | | | | | | | | | | syndrome......| 3.4| 1.7| 1.3| 2.0| 6.5| 3.6| 2.9| 1.9| 3.9| 2.4 Tendonitis.....| 2.1| 1.3| - | 1.5| 4.4| 1.3| 1.3| 1.9| (5) | 1.4 Chemical burns.| 1.4| 1.5| 2.2| 1.9| 2.2| 1.0| 1.6| 1.5| (5) | 1.0 Amputations....| 1.3| 2.6| 4.0| 2.3| 3.0| (5) | 1.3| (5) | (5) | (5) Multiple | | | | | | | | | | traumatic | | | | | | | | | | injuries......| 6.9| 8.8| 10.7| 11.4| 7.0| 15.2| 7.4| 5.9| 3.0| 5.3 | | | | | | | | | | Part of body | | | | | | | | | | affected by the | | | | | | | | | | injury or | | | | | | | | | | illness: | | | | | | | | | | Head...........| 14.3| 34.1| 24.4| 29.7| 19.0| 19.9| 14.0| 11.0| 3.6| 9.9 Eye...........| 7.5| 21.2| 9.0| 17.4| 12.9| 7.1| 7.6| 4.7| 1.4| 4.2 Neck...........| 3.7| 4.4| 5.7| 5.9| 3.3| 7.8| 3.8| 3.0| 1.1| 3.6 Trunk..........| 79.6| 93.8| 91.5| 127.3| 82.1| 149.7| 88.6| 68.0| 21.6| 69.9 Shoulder......| 10.7| 10.9| 10.4| 15.9| 12.9| 24.1| 9.8| 8.8| 2.3| 8.6 Back..........| 54.7| 60.9| 58.9| 85.5| 52.2| 100.2| 61.4| 47.1| 15.5| 51.8 Upper | | | | | | | | | | extremities...| 48.6| 76.4| 73.6| 76.7| 73.4| 56.5| 42.5| 51.4| 15.5| 28.6 Wrist.........| 10.7| 11.7| 7.6| 11.2| 15.5| 14.0| 9.9| 10.4| 6.0| 7.8 Hand, except | | | | | | | | | | finger.......| 8.4| 18.1| 9.5| 14.9| 12.0| 8.8| 7.2| 10.1| 2.2| 4.7 Finger........| 17.9| 28.6| 36.5| 33.4| 30.0| 16.0| 16.0| 19.6| 3.5| 8.1 Lower | | | | | | | | | | extremities...| 43.4| 65.8| 77.4| 90.3| 40.8| 86.3| 45.2| 40.9| 14.1| 32.1 Knee..........| 15.1| 20.2| 22.3| 28.2| 13.3| 29.4| 17.5| 14.4| 4.8| 12.2 Foot, except | | | | | | | | | | toe..........| 8.0| 12.2| 18.8| 20.9| 8.6| 14.0| 8.3| 8.1| 2.6| 4.3 Toe...........| 2.5| 3.1| 9.6| 5.5| 2.9| 3.9| 3.1| 2.5| (5) | 1.3 Body systems...| 2.9| 2.2| 2.9| 3.8| 2.8| 5.2| 2.3| 2.0| 2.6| 3.2 Multiple parts.| 17.4| 18.6| 16.3| 27.4| 14.5| 37.3| 15.6| 14.9| 8.0| 17.3 | | | | | | | | | | Source of injury | | | | | | | | | | or illness: | | | | | | | | | | Chemicals and | | | | | | | | | | chemical | | | | | | | | | | products......| 3.7| 4.8| 17.9| 5.3| 5.5| 3.9| 2.9| 3.0| 1.3| 3.0 Containers.....| 31.0| 24.6| 15.6| 21.1| 33.1| 90.2| 48.6| 39.2| 7.4| 14.2 Furniture and | | | | | | | | | | fixtures......| 7.5| 2.7| (5) | 6.7| 6.5| 6.4| 4.9| 11.3| 4.2| 8.1 Machinery......| 14.2| 19.0| 39.5| 21.7| 27.7| 8.1| 15.3| 13.7| 3.3| 6.1 Parts and | | | | | | | | | | materials.....| 24.0| 26.4| 65.6| 88.4| 43.2| 26.5| 26.4| 13.4| 4.2| 6.1 Worker motion | | | | | | | | | | or position...| 32.1| 36.3| 14.2| 45.5| 43.0| 54.2| 31.9| 25.1| 14.8| 25.2 Floors, | | | | | | | | | | walkways, | | | | | | | | | | ground | | | | | | | | | | surfaces......| 33.3| 49.5| 44.1| 63.5| 24.2| 60.1| 29.6| 36.8| 15.0| 29.8 Tools, | | | | | | | | | | instruments, | | | | | | | | | | and equipment.| 12.5| 25.7| 26.3| 38.7| 15.6| 12.6| 8.5| 10.8| 2.7| 8.4 Vehicles.......| 17.1| 25.4| 19.1| 20.1| 11.7| 64.9| 26.2| 14.2| 4.4| 11.4 Health care | | | | | | | | | | patient.......| 10.0| - | - | - | (5) | 1.9| (5) | - | (5) | 33.3 | | | | | | | | | | Event or exposure| | | | | | | | | | leading to | | | | | | | | | | injury or | | | | | | | | | | illness: | | | | | | | | | | Contact with | | | | | | | | | | objects and | | | | | | | | | | equipment.....| 57.3| 103.4| 138.2| 127.0| 80.6| 76.4| 57.8| 54.3| 12.1| 29.8 Struck by | | | | | | | | | | object.......| 27.7| 46.5| 75.0| 70.1| 33.8| 37.7| 27.4| 28.0| 6.6| 15.2 Struck against| | | | | | | | | | object.......| 14.9| 28.8| 24.5| 27.6| 18.8| 21.4| 15.3| 16.9| 3.4| 8.5 Caught in | | | | | | | | | | equipment or | | | | | | | | | | object.......| 9.3| 15.6| 36.1| 14.4| 19.8| 10.1| 10.1| 6.1| 1.1| 3.2 Fall to lower | | | | | | | | | | level.........| 11.6| 25.2| 28.4| 42.2| 7.7| 26.0| 12.7| 8.1| 5.1| 7.1 Fall on same | | | | | | | | | | level.........| 22.9| 26.4| 19.2| 25.6| 18.1| 34.3| 17.1| 30.0| 10.6| 23.2 Slip, trip, | | | | | | | | | | loss of | | | | | | | | | | balanceÐwitho-| | | | | | | | | | ut fall.......| 6.7| 6.7| 5.9| 10.9| 6.1| 12.1| 6.9| 6.8| 2.6| 5.8 Overexertion...| 58.8| 50.9| 63.9| 85.2| 62.7| 110.7| 67.2| 47.9| 15.0| 54.2 Overexertion | | | | | | | | | | in lifting...| 34.4| 28.0| 24.7| 49.0| 34.6| 62.3| 44.2| 32.4| 9.6| 30.3 Repetitive | | | | | | | | | | motion........| 8.7| 5.5| 1.7| 5.4| 19.2| 8.5| 6.8| 5.6| 6.9| 5.0 Exposure to | | | | | | | | | | harmful | | | | | | | | | | substances....| 9.7| 18.6| 10.7| 13.5| 13.0| 11.1| 6.1| 10.8| 2.8| 7.4 Transportation | | | | | | | | | | accidents.....| 8.6| 11.9| 9.4| 10.9| 4.5| 34.0| 12.4| 6.0| 3.5| 6.8 Fires and | | | | | | | | | | explosions....| (5) | - | 1.4| 1.0| (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) Assaults and | | | | | | | | | | violent acts | | | | | | | | | | by person.....| 2.5| - | (5) | (5) | (5) | 1.3| (5) | 1.8| (5) | 6.3 1 Incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 10,000 full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) x 20,000,000 where N =number of injuries and illnesses EH =total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year 20,000,000=base for 10,000 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). 2 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 3 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 4 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. 5 Less than 1.0 case per 10,000 full-time workers NOTE: Dashes indicate data that are not available. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor TABLE 7. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work(1) by selected worker characteristics and number of days away from work, 1997 Cases involving Median Total days Characteristic cases 6 to 11 to 21 to 31 away 1 day 2 days 3 to 5 10 20 30 days from days days days days or work more Total [1,833,380 | | | | | | | | | cases]..........| 100.0| 16.6| 13.0| 20.4| 13.1| 11.7| 6.7| 18.5| 5 | | | | | | | | | Sex: | | | | | | | | | Male............| 100.0| 16.8| 12.6| 20.2| 13.1| 11.7| 6.8| 18.8| 6 Female..........| 100.0| 16.3| 13.9| 20.9| 13.1| 11.7| 6.3| 17.8| 5 | | | | | | | | | Age:(2) | | | | | | | | | 14 to 15........| 100.0| 5.3| 9.2| 16.9| 42.6| 2.1| 9.9| 13.7| 9 16 to 19........| 100.0| 22.1| 17.2| 26.7| 11.9| 9.2| 5.0| 7.8| 3 20 to 24........| 100.0| 21.6| 16.2| 22.5| 14.5| 9.6| 5.8| 9.9| 4 25 to 34........| 100.0| 17.9| 13.9| 21.6| 12.9| 11.5| 6.2| 15.9| 5 35 to 44........| 100.0| 15.7| 12.5| 19.4| 13.3| 11.9| 6.8| 20.4| 6 45 to 54........| 100.0| 13.7| 10.8| 19.1| 12.7| 13.0| 7.1| 23.5| 8 55 to 64........| 100.0| 12.0| 10.3| 16.7| 12.4| 13.1| 8.7| 26.8| 10 65 and over.....| 100.0| 10.8| 9.4| 17.1| 12.5| 15.0| 9.4| 25.7| 11 | | | | | | | | | Occupation: | | | | | | | | | Managerial and | | | | | | | | | professional | | | | | | | | | specialty......| 100.0| 17.5| 14.1| 21.9| 13.6| 11.4| 5.4| 16.1| 5 Technical, | | | | | | | | | sales, and | | | | | | | | | administrative | | | | | | | | | support........| 100.0| 16.8| 13.6| 21.9| 13.0| 11.6| 5.9| 17.2| 5 Service.........| 100.0| 15.8| 14.7| 22.0| 13.7| 11.8| 6.2| 15.8| 5 Farming, | | | | | | | | | forestry, and | | | | | | | | | fishing........| 100.0| 16.4| 11.5| 22.6| 14.6| 11.2| 5.9| 17.7| 5 Precision | | | | | | | | | production, | | | | | | | | | craft, and | | | | | | | | | repair.........| 100.0| 16.6| 12.6| 17.7| 12.8| 11.6| 7.7| 21.1| 7 Operators, | | | | | | | | | fabricators, | | | | | | | | | and laborers...| 100.0| 16.8| 12.2| 19.9| 12.9| 11.8| 6.8| 19.5| 6 | | | | | | | | | Length of service| | | | | | | | | with employer: | | | | | | | | | Less than 3 | | | | | | | | | months.........| 100.0| 18.4| 13.3| 22.1| 13.1| 10.0| 6.7| 16.4| 5 3 to 11 months..| 100.0| 17.9| 15.5| 21.5| 12.8| 10.6| 6.2| 15.4| 5 1 to 5 years....| 100.0| 17.1| 13.2| 20.4| 13.3| 12.0| 6.4| 17.7| 5 More than 5 | | | | | | | | | years..........| 100.0| 14.6| 11.1| 19.0| 13.0| 12.7| 7.4| 22.2| 7 | | | | | | | | | Race or ethnic | | | | | | | | | origin: | | | | | | | | | White, | | | | | | | | | non-Hispanic...| 100.0| 17.1| 13.5| 20.4| 12.6| 11.4| 6.8| 18.2| 5 Black, | | | | | | | | | non-Hispanic...| 100.0| 16.7| 13.6| 20.8| 13.8| 12.1| 6.3| 16.8| 5 Hispanic........| 100.0| 14.8| 11.5| 20.6| 14.1| 11.6| 7.0| 20.5| 7 Asian or Pacific| | | | | | | | | Islander.......| 100.0| 17.8| 11.1| 21.4| 12.9| 15.0| 5.6| 16.1| 5 American Indian | | | | | | | | | or Alaskan | | | | | | | | | Native.........| 100.0| 13.7| 13.0| 22.9| 14.8| 10.8| 11.0| 13.8| 6 1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2 Information is not shown separately in this release for injured workers under age 14; they accounted for fewer than 50 cases. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor TABLE 8. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work(1) by selected occupation and number of days away from work, 1997 Percent of cases involving Median Total days Occupation cases 6 to 11 to 21 to 31 away 1 day 2 days 3 to 5 10 20 30 days from days days days days or work more Total [1,833,380 | | | | | | | | | cases]..........| 100.0| 16.6| 13.0| 20.4| 13.1| 11.7| 6.7| 18.5| 5 | | | | | | | | | Truck drivers....| 100.0| 11.8| 10.0| 19.6| 12.9| 13.1| 7.9| 24.7| 9 Laborers, | | | | | | | | | nonconstruction.| 100.0| 19.6| 13.3| 20.8| 12.1| 11.8| 6.0| 16.4| 5 Nursing aides, | | | | | | | | | orderlies.......| 100.0| 16.1| 15.7| 23.1| 14.3| 11.2| 5.8| 13.8| 5 Janitors and | | | | | | | | | cleaners........| 100.0| 16.7| 13.2| 22.6| 11.7| 13.2| 5.0| 17.6| 5 Construction | | | | | | | | | laborers........| 100.0| 12.4| 10.7| 22.3| 12.7| 11.5| 7.2| 23.1| 7 Assemblers.......| 100.0| 17.8| 12.3| 19.0| 11.6| 12.0| 6.6| 20.7| 6 Carpenters.......| 100.0| 12.1| 13.9| 16.4| 13.0| 12.0| 9.7| 22.9| 8 Cooks............| 100.0| 15.2| 14.8| 25.6| 12.2| 10.3| 8.6| 13.4| 5 Stock handlers | | | | | | | | | and baggers.....| 100.0| 16.0| 16.0| 24.0| 13.0| 12.0| 5.3| 13.8| 5 Welders and | | | | | | | | | cutters.........| 100.0| 26.7| 14.5| 18.2| 11.0| 9.5| 6.2| 13.9| 4 | | | | | | | | | Registered nurses| 100.0| 18.5| 17.1| 19.8| 13.5| 11.7| 4.5| 15.0| 4 Supervisors and | | | | | | | | | proprietors.....| 100.0| 13.5| 13.4| 21.5| 12.6| 14.2| 5.9| 19.0| 6 Cashiers.........| 100.0| 16.9| 15.8| 22.6| 10.5| 9.3| 5.9| 19.0| 5 Sales workers, | | | | | | | | | other | | | | | | | | | commodities.....| 100.0| 17.3| 12.9| 23.4| 13.1| 12.1| 6.1| 15.0| 5 Maids and | | | | | | | | | housemen........| 100.0| 15.1| 11.8| 21.6| 12.7| 13.0| 7.1| 18.6| 6 Miscellaneous | | | | | | | | | food preparation| 100.0| 16.3| 12.3| 25.6| 13.9| 9.6| 5.2| 17.1| 5 Groundskeepers | | | | | | | | | and gardeners, | | | | | | | | | except farm.....| 100.0| 19.1| 12.2| 24.9| 14.3| 7.2| 4.7| 17.6| 5 Mechanics, | | | | | | | | | automobile......| 100.0| 24.4| 15.0| 18.7| 11.0| 11.2| 4.1| 15.6| 4 Electricians.....| 100.0| 19.6| 13.0| 13.7| 9.7| 10.9| 7.8| 25.2| 7 Shipping and | | | | | | | | | receiving clerks| 100.0| 16.9| 13.0| 23.5| 12.7| 10.6| 5.1| 18.2| 5 | | | | | | | | | Farm workers.....| 100.0| 12.0| 10.1| 21.2| 18.4| 14.9| 5.5| 17.9| 7 Driver-sales | | | | | | | | | workers.........| 100.0| 15.6| 11.1| 21.2| 16.1| 10.8| 6.7| 18.3| 6 Industrial truck | | | | | | | | | operators.......| 100.0| 15.5| 12.1| 20.7| 12.7| 10.5| 6.9| 21.7| 6 Kitchen workers..| 100.0| 21.7| 12.4| 22.4| 17.1| 10.4| 5.8| 10.2| 5 Plumbers and | | | | | | | | | pipefitters.....| 100.0| 17.3| 11.4| 14.4| 13.0| 14.1| 8.2| 21.5| 8 Packaging, | | | | | | | | | filling machine | | | | | | | | | operators.......| 100.0| 16.9| 12.0| 20.4| 14.8| 11.4| 6.5| 18.0| 6 Guards and | | | | | | | | | police, except | | | | | | | | | public..........| 100.0| 15.7| 12.3| 15.4| 14.7| 11.3| 5.7| 24.8| 7 Waiters and | | | | | | | | | waitresses......| 100.0| 12.7| 19.3| 18.9| 13.5| 10.7| 6.6| 18.2| 5 Stock and | | | | | | | | | inventory clerks| 100.0| 19.2| 14.7| 22.2| 12.5| 12.1| 5.1| 14.2| 5 Licensed | | | | | | | | | practical nurses| 100.0| 17.8| 15.3| 21.7| 15.3| 13.0| 4.5| 12.4| 5 | | | | | | | | | Supervisors, | | | | | | | | | production | | | | | | | | | workers.........| 100.0| 19.1| 13.2| 21.9| 12.3| 10.0| 5.7| 17.8| 5 Repairers, | | | | | | | | | industrial | | | | | | | | | machinery.......| 100.0| 15.6| 12.3| 17.3| 11.6| 12.5| 7.6| 23.2| 7 Health aides, | | | | | | | | | except nursing..| 100.0| 21.3| 14.8| 20.4| 13.7| 12.2| 6.1| 11.6| 5 Mechanics, bus, | | | | | | | | | truck, | | | | | | | | | stationary | | | | | | | | | engine..........| 100.0| 24.3| 9.9| 18.3| 12.9| 11.9| 6.1| 16.6| 5 Machinists.......| 100.0| 19.6| 17.8| 16.8| 11.5| 8.9| 5.4| 20.1| 5 Attendants, | | | | | | | | | public | | | | | | | | | transportation..| 100.0| 8.7| 10.4| 21.6| 18.7| 18.4| 7.1| 15.1| 8 General office | | | | | | | | | clerks..........| 100.0| 21.1| 21.8| 18.6| 9.1| 8.1| 6.6| 14.6| 4 Hand packers and | | | | | | | | | packagers.......| 100.0| 18.3| 17.2| 20.8| 11.8| 11.5| 6.2| 14.1| 4 Waiters', | | | | | | | | | waitresses' | | | | | | | | | assistants......| 100.0| 8.7| 24.0| 12.8| 15.2| 17.2| 5.8| 16.3| 7 Production | | | | | | | | | inspectors......| 100.0| 16.0| 10.6| 16.6| 15.6| 14.6| 6.7| 19.9| 7 | | | | | | | | | Vehicle washers | | | | | | | | | and cleaners....| 100.0| 20.5| 17.9| 22.6| 13.6| 8.4| 5.6| 11.5| 4 Butchers and meat| | | | | | | | | cutters.........| 100.0| 13.0| 13.7| 16.1| 14.2| 14.1| 10.4| 18.5| 8 Secretaries......| 100.0| 13.6| 8.5| 28.3| 7.4| 16.0| 5.5| 20.7| 5 1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor TABLE 9. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work(1) by selected injury or illness characteristics and number of days away from work, 1997 Percent of cases involving Median Total days Characteristic cases 6 to 11 to 21 to 31 away 1 day 2 days 3 to 5 10 20 30 days from days days days days or work more Total [1,833,380 | | | | | | | | | cases]..........| 100.0| 16.6| 13.0| 20.4| 13.1| 11.7| 6.7| 18.5| 5 | | | | | | | | | Nature of injury | | | | | | | | | or illness: | | | | | | | | | Sprains, | | | | | | | | | strains.......| 100.0| 13.6| 13.0| 22.3| 14.4| 12.3| 6.4| 18.0| 6 Bruises, | | | | | | | | | contusions....| 100.0| 23.9| 17.5| 24.4| 11.8| 9.3| 4.2| 8.9| 3 Cuts, | | | | | | | | | lacerations...| 100.0| 24.8| 15.8| 22.4| 14.6| 9.6| 4.0| 8.9| 3 Fractures......| 100.0| 7.8| 6.3| 11.6| 11.5| 12.3| 12.8| 37.7| 21 Heat burns.....| 100.0| 19.2| 15.3| 24.3| 14.0| 13.0| 5.3| 8.9| 4 Carpal tunnel | | | | | | | | | syndrome......| 100.0| 4.0| 4.4| 9.4| 9.6| 16.3| 13.0| 43.3| 25 Tendonitis.....| 100.0| 9.8| 8.6| 17.4| 14.0| 16.3| 8.0| 26.0| 11 Chemical burns.| 100.0| 35.5| 18.7| 20.7| 8.7| 7.0| 3.8| 5.5| 2 Amputations....| 100.0| 7.7| 6.9| 10.8| 11.3| 16.8| 11.0| 35.6| 18 Multiple | | | | | | | | | traumatic | | | | | | | | | injuries......| 100.0| 15.7| 11.2| 18.3| 12.0| 12.6| 7.3| 23.0| 7 | | | | | | | | | Part of body | | | | | | | | | affected by the | | | | | | | | | injury or | | | | | | | | | illness: | | | | | | | | | Head...........| 100.0| 39.8| 21.2| 19.2| 8.2| 4.5| 1.8| 5.3| 2 Eye...........| 100.0| 49.0| 22.5| 18.5| 4.5| 2.5| 1.1| 2.0| 2 Neck...........| 100.0| 15.9| 13.6| 22.2| 10.9| 10.0| 5.7| 21.9| 5 Trunk..........| 100.0| 13.0| 12.0| 21.7| 14.2| 12.9| 6.9| 19.3| 7 Shoulder......| 100.0| 12.9| 10.3| 17.6| 12.8| 13.7| 6.8| 25.8| 9 Back..........| 100.0| 13.3| 12.9| 23.5| 14.6| 12.1| 5.7| 17.9| 6 Upper | | | | | | | | | extremities...| 100.0| 17.5| 13.0| 19.5| 13.2| 11.9| 6.7| 18.2| 6 Wrist.........| 100.0| 11.0| 9.6| 16.2| 11.4| 13.5| 8.9| 29.5| 12 Hand, except | | | | | | | | | finger.......| 100.0| 19.4| 15.9| 21.5| 14.8| 10.7| 5.7| 12.1| 5 Finger........| 100.0| 21.6| 14.1| 20.7| 13.4| 11.9| 5.9| 12.4| 5 Lower | | | | | | | | | extremities...| 100.0| 15.0| 12.7| 19.8| 13.8| 11.9| 7.7| 19.1| 6 Knee..........| 100.0| 11.9| 10.3| 17.9| 13.4| 13.2| 8.8| 24.5| 9 Foot, except | | | | | | | | | toe..........| 100.0| 18.0| 13.4| 20.2| 12.0| 10.9| 8.7| 16.8| 5 Toe...........| 100.0| 20.8| 14.3| 21.4| 14.0| 12.3| 6.8| 10.5| 5 Body systems...| 100.0| 26.2| 13.9| 19.5| 12.3| 7.5| 5.5| 15.1| 4 Multiple parts.| 100.0| 14.0| 11.0| 18.6| 11.6| 12.4| 7.4| 25.1| 8 | | | | | | | | | Source of injury | | | | | | | | | or illness: | | | | | | | | | Chemicals and | | | | | | | | | chemical | | | | | | | | | products......| 100.0| 32.3| 18.0| 20.6| 11.1| 7.1| 3.9| 7.0| 2 Containers.....| 100.0| 14.8| 12.0| 22.4| 14.2| 12.5| 6.7| 17.5| 6 Furniture and | | | | | | | | | fixtures......| 100.0| 18.6| 14.6| 21.8| 12.6| 11.2| 6.2| 15.0| 5 Machinery......| 100.0| 16.9| 12.8| 18.7| 14.0| 13.0| 7.3| 17.2| 6 Parts and | | | | | | | | | materials.....| 100.0| 19.1| 12.8| 21.2| 12.9| 11.3| 5.7| 17.0| 5 Worker motion | | | | | | | | | or position...| 100.0| 12.3| 10.8| 19.0| 14.1| 13.2| 7.8| 22.8| 8 Floors, | | | | | | | | | walkways, | | | | | | | | | ground | | | | | | | | | surfaces......| 100.0| 13.0| 11.4| 18.8| 12.0| 11.8| 8.0| 24.9| 8 Tools, | | | | | | | | | instruments, | | | | | | | | | and equipment.| 100.0| 22.2| 16.0| 20.8| 13.7| 9.8| 5.2| 12.3| 4 Vehicles.......| 100.0| 13.5| 12.1| 18.8| 13.2| 12.6| 8.0| 21.9| 7 Health care | | | | | | | | | patient.......| 100.0| 15.6| 16.7| 23.6| 14.7| 11.0| 4.9| 13.6| 4 | | | | | | | | | Event or exposure| | | | | | | | | leading to | | | | | | | | | injury or | | | | | | | | | illness: | | | | | | | | | Contact with | | | | | | | | | objects and | | | | | | | | | equipment.....| 100.0| 23.5| 15.3| 20.5| 12.2| 9.9| 5.6| 13.0| 4 Struck by | | | | | | | | | object.......| 100.0| 22.9| 15.6| 20.9| 12.9| 9.3| 5.5| 12.9| 4 Struck against| | | | | | | | | object.......| 100.0| 22.2| 15.2| 21.8| 12.8| 10.5| 5.3| 12.1| 4 Caught in | | | | | | | | | equipment or | | | | | | | | | object.......| 100.0| 17.6| 12.3| 18.2| 12.1| 13.0| 8.1| 18.7| 6 Fall to lower | | | | | | | | | level.........| 100.0| 10.7| 10.0| 16.0| 12.1| 10.8| 9.7| 30.7| 12 Fall on same | | | | | | | | | level.........| 100.0| 14.4| 12.0| 20.3| 11.9| 12.1| 7.3| 22.1| 7 Slip, trip, | | | | | | | | | loss of | | | | | | | | | balanceÐwitho-| | | | | | | | | ut fall.......| 100.0| 13.5| 14.0| 20.0| 14.6| 11.2| 8.8| 17.8| 6 Overexertion...| 100.0| 13.1| 12.5| 21.8| 14.3| 13.0| 6.6| 18.6| 6 Overexertion | | | | | | | | | in lifting...| 100.0| 13.1| 12.3| 22.1| 14.6| 13.2| 6.6| 18.0| 6 Repetitive | | | | | | | | | motion........| 100.0| 7.9| 6.8| 12.9| 12.3| 15.9| 10.0| 34.1| 17 Exposure to | | | | | | | | | harmful | | | | | | | | | substances....| 100.0| 29.3| 16.9| 22.4| 11.9| 8.5| 4.1| 7.0| 3 Transportation | | | | | | | | | accidents.....| 100.0| 12.5| 10.1| 17.4| 13.2| 13.1| 8.1| 25.6| 10 Fires and | | | | | | | | | explosions....| 100.0| 15.3| 10.7| 25.5| 11.9| 11.3| 9.7| 15.6| 5 Assaults and | | | | | | | | | violent acts | | | | | | | | | by person.....| 100.0| 15.3| 15.4| 25.1| 12.5| 10.1| 3.8| 17.8| 5 1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor TABLE 10. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work(1) by industry division and number of days away from work, 1997 Percent of cases involving Median Total days Industry cases 6 to 11 to 21 to 31 away 1 day 2 days 3 to 5 10 20 30 days from days days days days or work more Private | | | | | | | | | industry(2) | | | | | | | | | [1,833,380 | | | | | | | | | cases]..........| 100.0| 16.6| 13.0| 20.4| 13.1| 11.7| 6.7| 18.5| 5 | | | | | | | | | Goods producing: | | | | | | | | | Agriculture, | | | | | | | | | forestry, and | | | | | | | | | fishing(2).....| 100.0| 17.0| 11.3| 23.0| 14.1| 12.3| 6.6| 15.6| 5 Mining(3).......| 100.0| 7.1| 7.4| 13.6| 15.1| 9.3| 13.0| 34.4| 18 Construction....| 100.0| 14.7| 11.4| 18.1| 12.5| 11.5| 7.8| 24.0| 8 Manufacturing...| 100.0| 19.7| 12.9| 18.8| 12.4| 11.5| 6.6| 18.1| 5 Durable goods..| 100.0| 20.4| 13.0| 18.6| 12.3| 11.1| 6.5| 18.2| 5 Nondurable | | | | | | | | | goods.........| 100.0| 18.3| 12.8| 19.3| 12.4| 12.4| 6.7| 18.0| 5 | | | | | | | | | Service | | | | | | | | | producing: | | | | | | | | | Transportation | | | | | | | | | and public | | | | | | | | | utilities(3)...| 100.0| 12.8| 10.4| 19.4| 15.1| 12.7| 7.9| 21.9| 8 Wholesale trade.| 100.0| 15.9| 12.9| 20.8| 12.7| 12.6| 6.9| 18.2| 6 Retail trade....| 100.0| 16.0| 14.4| 23.2| 12.5| 11.5| 6.0| 16.4| 5 Finance, | | | | | | | | | insurance, and | | | | | | | | | real estate....| 100.0| 15.1| 13.2| 21.6| 12.7| 10.1| 6.8| 20.5| 6 Services........| 100.0| 17.5| 14.7| 21.2| 13.6| 11.5| 5.7| 15.9| 5 1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries. NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor