Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Management, Metropolitan Area1 All business, occupations and financial Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC......... 100 100 Amarillo, TX................................ 92 84 Anchorage, AK............................... 113 121 Atlanta, GA................................. 107 113 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC........................ 100 97 Austin-San Marcos, TX....................... 100 98 Birmingham, AL.............................. 98 98 Bloomington, IN............................. 97 105 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT...... 115 119 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX........ 84 88 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY................... 106 94 Charleston-North Charleston, SC............. 95 96 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.............. 112 115 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN............... 103 105 Cleveland-Akron, OH......................... 103 98 Columbus, OH................................ 104 115 Corpus Christi, TX.......................... 90 93 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX....................... 102 109 Dayton-Springfield, OH...................... 101 108 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.................. 105 102 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI................. 109 109 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.......................... 101 109 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO................... 99 97 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI........... 107 105 Great Falls, MT............................. 92 97 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC..... 103 110 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC......... 100 107 Hartford, CT................................ 115 114 Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC................ 100 97 Honolulu, HI................................ 106 107 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX.............. 100 106 Huntsville, AL.............................. 98 105 Indianapolis, IN............................ 102 99 Iowa City, IA............................... 104 102 Johnstown, PA............................... 92 97 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Metropolitan Area1 Professional Service and related Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC......... 100 100 Amarillo, TX................................ 93 87 Anchorage, AK............................... 110 123 Atlanta, GA................................. 108 98 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC........................ 109 93 Austin-San Marcos, TX....................... 100 95 Birmingham, AL.............................. 99 102 Bloomington, IN............................. 97 95 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT...... 115 115 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX........ 104 79 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY................... 100 111 Charleston-North Charleston, SC............. 101 87 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.............. 115 108 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN............... 107 103 Cleveland-Akron, OH......................... 107 99 Columbus, OH................................ 104 100 Corpus Christi, TX.......................... 99 84 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX....................... 109 96 Dayton-Springfield, OH...................... 102 98 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.................. 111 100 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI................. 115 105 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.......................... 107 95 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO................... 102 93 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI........... 105 107 Great Falls, MT............................. 91 95 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC..... 100 100 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC......... 98 97 Hartford, CT................................ 117 123 Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC................ 103 94 Honolulu, HI................................ 116 108 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX.............. 109 88 Huntsville, AL.............................. 104 94 Indianapolis, IN............................ 106 103 Iowa City, IA............................... 107 108 Johnstown, PA............................... 95 93 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Office and Metropolitan Area1 Sales and administrat- related ive support Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC......... 100 100 Amarillo, TX................................ 107 90 Anchorage, AK............................... 125 108 Atlanta, GA................................. 118 107 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC........................ 99 101 Austin-San Marcos, TX....................... 119 99 Birmingham, AL.............................. 114 98 Bloomington, IN............................. 111 91 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT...... 133 117 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX........ 101 79 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY................... 123 101 Charleston-North Charleston, SC............. 118 97 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.............. 127 112 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN............... 127 103 Cleveland-Akron, OH......................... 115 103 Columbus, OH................................ 138 101 Corpus Christi, TX.......................... 108 87 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX....................... 126 100 Dayton-Springfield, OH...................... 117 93 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.................. 121 105 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI................. 120 105 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.......................... 114 93 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO................... 116 98 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI........... 132 102 Great Falls, MT............................. 106 83 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC..... 122 101 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC......... 107 99 Hartford, CT................................ 133 114 Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC................ 114 101 Honolulu, HI................................ 118 100 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX.............. 116 100 Huntsville, AL.............................. 112 97 Indianapolis, IN............................ 113 100 Iowa City, IA............................... 112 104 Johnstown, PA............................... 104 85 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Construction Installatio- Metropolitan Area1 and n, extraction maintenance, and repair Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC......... 100 100 Amarillo, TX................................ 89 86 Anchorage, AK............................... 128 110 Atlanta, GA................................. 107 107 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC........................ 86 102 Austin-San Marcos, TX....................... 99 100 Birmingham, AL.............................. 88 92 Bloomington, IN............................. 86 100 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT...... 123 114 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX........ 75 81 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY................... 112 99 Charleston-North Charleston, SC............. 85 89 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.............. 129 113 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN............... 91 100 Cleveland-Akron, OH......................... 106 110 Columbus, OH................................ 106 100 Corpus Christi, TX.......................... 82 81 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX....................... 92 96 Dayton-Springfield, OH...................... 112 108 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.................. 99 112 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI................. 117 105 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.......................... 105 88 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO................... 102 104 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI........... 127 97 Great Falls, MT............................. 131 105 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC..... 101 99 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC......... 85 89 Hartford, CT................................ 123 109 Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC................ 87 92 Honolulu, HI................................ 112 112 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX.............. 95 99 Huntsville, AL.............................. 101 92 Indianapolis, IN............................ 100 103 Iowa City, IA............................... 109 93 Johnstown, PA............................... 95 100 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Transportat- Metropolitan Area1 Production ion and material moving Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC......... 100 100 Amarillo, TX................................ 94 90 Anchorage, AK............................... 116 109 Atlanta, GA................................. 99 108 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC........................ 102 90 Austin-San Marcos, TX....................... 98 89 Birmingham, AL.............................. 92 92 Bloomington, IN............................. 98 103 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT...... 109 110 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX........ 73 76 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY................... 110 102 Charleston-North Charleston, SC............. 93 104 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.............. 107 101 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN............... 102 97 Cleveland-Akron, OH......................... 108 100 Columbus, OH................................ 98 95 Corpus Christi, TX.......................... 88 84 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX....................... 89 98 Dayton-Springfield, OH...................... 109 93 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.................. 99 101 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI................. 118 101 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.......................... 98 109 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO................... 101 100 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI........... 107 99 Great Falls, MT............................. 100 83 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC..... 101 101 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC......... 104 97 Hartford, CT................................ 108 108 Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC................ 100 103 Honolulu, HI................................ 96 97 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX.............. 99 90 Huntsville, AL.............................. 96 90 Indianapolis, IN............................ 105 96 Iowa City, IA............................... 95 99 Johnstown, PA............................... 88 80 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Management, Metropolitan Area1 All business, occupations and financial Kansas City, MO-KS.......................... 100 101 Knoxville, TN............................... 95 103 Lincoln, NE................................. 92 98 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA..... 108 112 Louisville, KY-IN........................... 103 109 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL........... 94 102 Memphis, TN-AR-MS........................... 97 100 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL................... 98 105 Milwaukee-Racine, WI........................ 105 110 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI................. 112 114 Mobile, AL.................................. 97 111 New Orleans, LA............................. 96 107 New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................................. 116 122 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC........ 96 99 Ocala, FL................................... 93 98 Oklahoma City, OK........................... 93 105 Orlando, FL................................. 96 100 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD................................. 110 117 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ............................ 103 103 Pittsburgh, PA.............................. 99 101 Portland-Salem, OR-WA....................... 104 109 Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA........ 112 124 Reading, PA................................. 106 132 Reno, NV.................................... 100 100 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA................ 105 108 Richmond-Petersburg, VA..................... 102 107 Rochester, NY............................... 101 104 Rockford, IL................................ 104 95 Sacramento-Yolo, CA......................... 110 115 Salinas, CA................................. 117 124 San Antonio, TX............................. 93 99 San Diego, CA............................... 108 108 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.......... 120 121 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Metropolitan Area1 Professional Service and related Kansas City, MO-KS.......................... 99 97 Knoxville, TN............................... 97 91 Lincoln, NE................................. 93 92 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA..... 117 110 Louisville, KY-IN........................... 106 103 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL........... 90 95 Memphis, TN-AR-MS........................... 94 90 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL................... 102 94 Milwaukee-Racine, WI........................ 101 106 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI................. 111 122 Mobile, AL.................................. 99 87 New Orleans, LA............................. 104 87 New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................................. 122 116 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC........ 101 94 Ocala, FL................................... 93 93 Oklahoma City, OK........................... 93 91 Orlando, FL................................. 98 90 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD................................. 118 108 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ............................ 110 99 Pittsburgh, PA.............................. 102 99 Portland-Salem, OR-WA....................... 101 114 Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA........ 118 118 Reading, PA................................. 106 102 Reno, NV.................................... 102 101 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA................ 103 114 Richmond-Petersburg, VA..................... 105 99 Rochester, NY............................... 105 107 Rockford, IL................................ 106 102 Sacramento-Yolo, CA......................... 114 118 Salinas, CA................................. 131 119 San Antonio, TX............................. 100 85 San Diego, CA............................... 118 116 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.......... 126 125 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Office and Metropolitan Area1 Sales and administrat- related ive support Kansas City, MO-KS.......................... 113 101 Knoxville, TN............................... 118 94 Lincoln, NE................................. 96 89 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA..... 127 108 Louisville, KY-IN........................... 111 99 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL........... 111 88 Memphis, TN-AR-MS........................... 114 98 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL................... 111 98 Milwaukee-Racine, WI........................ 129 104 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI................. 128 108 Mobile, AL.................................. 121 95 New Orleans, LA............................. 125 94 New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................................. 127 115 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC........ 111 96 Ocala, FL................................... 110 93 Oklahoma City, OK........................... 103 88 Orlando, FL................................. 118 95 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD................................. 117 109 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ............................ 126 104 Pittsburgh, PA.............................. 110 100 Portland-Salem, OR-WA....................... 125 102 Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA........ 122 109 Reading, PA................................. 119 100 Reno, NV.................................... 118 95 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA................ 126 99 Richmond-Petersburg, VA..................... 115 100 Rochester, NY............................... 109 98 Rockford, IL................................ 118 94 Sacramento-Yolo, CA......................... 127 106 Salinas, CA................................. 140 106 San Antonio, TX............................. 115 92 San Diego, CA............................... 126 104 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.......... 133 123 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Construction Installatio- Metropolitan Area1 and n, extraction maintenance, and repair Kansas City, MO-KS.......................... 100 102 Knoxville, TN............................... 88 90 Lincoln, NE................................. 89 102 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA..... 118 109 Louisville, KY-IN........................... 111 101 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL........... 97 101 Memphis, TN-AR-MS........................... 93 108 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL................... 88 102 Milwaukee-Racine, WI........................ 114 102 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI................. 114 111 Mobile, AL.................................. 102 94 New Orleans, LA............................. 87 93 New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................................. 133 114 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC........ 91 97 Ocala, FL................................... 82 90 Oklahoma City, OK........................... 95 101 Orlando, FL................................. 91 99 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD................................. 112 108 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ............................ 93 101 Pittsburgh, PA.............................. 101 95 Portland-Salem, OR-WA....................... 124 105 Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA........ 108 96 Reading, PA................................. 112 103 Reno, NV.................................... 96 108 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA................ 110 92 Richmond-Petersburg, VA..................... 91 103 Rochester, NY............................... 94 87 Rockford, IL................................ 117 105 Sacramento-Yolo, CA......................... 104 116 Salinas, CA................................. 124 119 San Antonio, TX............................. 93 91 San Diego, CA............................... 107 105 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.......... 129 114 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Transportat- Metropolitan Area1 Production ion and material moving Kansas City, MO-KS.......................... 104 94 Knoxville, TN............................... 89 98 Lincoln, NE................................. 89 88 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA..... 99 94 Louisville, KY-IN........................... 98 91 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL........... 94 97 Memphis, TN-AR-MS........................... 96 91 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL................... 97 92 Milwaukee-Racine, WI........................ 103 100 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI................. 113 106 Mobile, AL.................................. 94 92 New Orleans, LA............................. 91 88 New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................................. 103 109 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC........ 88 90 Ocala, FL................................... 88 96 Oklahoma City, OK........................... 94 95 Orlando, FL................................. 91 96 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD................................. 105 104 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ............................ 94 99 Pittsburgh, PA.............................. 95 95 Portland-Salem, OR-WA....................... 95 95 Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA........ 104 103 Reading, PA................................. 103 101 Reno, NV.................................... 95 96 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA................ 94 93 Richmond-Petersburg, VA..................... 96 102 Rochester, NY............................... 98 98 Rockford, IL................................ 106 100 Sacramento-Yolo, CA......................... 104 108 Salinas, CA................................. 103 92 San Antonio, TX............................. 98 86 San Diego, CA............................... 102 94 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.......... 109 108 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Management, Metropolitan Area1 All business, occupations and financial Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA................ 111 103 Springfield, MA............................. 100 114 Springfield, MO............................. 93 93 St. Louis, MO-IL............................ 103 106 Tallahassee, FL............................. 90 82 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL......... 95 100 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA.............. 98 92 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV........... 110 109 York, PA.................................... 100 112 Youngstown-Warren, OH....................... 98 92 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Metropolitan Area1 Professional Service and related Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA................ 107 123 Springfield, MA............................. 121 110 Springfield, MO............................. 99 88 St. Louis, MO-IL............................ 104 98 Tallahassee, FL............................. 95 91 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL......... 97 92 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA.............. 106 101 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV........... 117 109 York, PA.................................... 107 100 Youngstown-Warren, OH....................... 101 89 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Office and Metropolitan Area1 Sales and administrat- related ive support Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA................ 127 109 Springfield, MA............................. 127 113 Springfield, MO............................. 105 88 St. Louis, MO-IL............................ 115 101 Tallahassee, FL............................. 109 89 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL......... 105 100 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA.............. 106 96 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV........... 118 113 York, PA.................................... 111 96 Youngstown-Warren, OH....................... 114 89 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Construction Installatio- Metropolitan Area1 and n, extraction maintenance, and repair Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA................ 117 107 Springfield, MA............................. 115 110 Springfield, MO............................. 89 97 St. Louis, MO-IL............................ 122 103 Tallahassee, FL............................. 94 87 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL......... 100 96 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA.............. 96 96 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV........... 106 113 York, PA.................................... 97 101 Youngstown-Warren, OH....................... 100 97 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005 - Continued (Average pay for all occupations and for each occupational group shown in the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC metropolitan area = 100.) Transportat- Metropolitan Area1 Production ion and material moving Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA................ 112 102 Springfield, MA............................. 116 71 Springfield, MO............................. 95 88 St. Louis, MO-IL............................ 102 108 Tallahassee, FL............................. 90 101 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL......... 92 94 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA.............. 99 91 Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV........... 113 95 York, PA.................................... 92 96 Youngstown-Warren, OH....................... 103 106 1 A metropolitan area can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, 1994.