Table 18 Workers paid on time or incentive basis(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for civilian and private industry workers in major occupational groups Time Incentive Occupational group(3) Civilian Private Civilian Private workers industry workers industry workers workers All workers........................................................... $23.91 $22.55 $27.65 $27.65 Management, professional, and related............................... 37.94 38.24 37.44 37.44 Management, business, and financial............................... 40.58 40.79 37.67 37.67 Professional and related.......................................... 36.63 36.77 36.69 36.69 Service............................................................. 14.08 11.89 15.52 15.52 Sales and office.................................................... 17.15 16.87 27.17 27.17 Sales and related................................................. 15.29 15.28 29.95 29.95 Office and administrative support................................. 17.87 17.59 17.96 17.96 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 23.96 23.63 29.13 29.13 Construction and extraction...................................... – 23.77 – 22.58 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 24.08 23.48 31.21 31.21 Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 16.40 16.06 18.77 18.77 Production........................................................ 16.63 16.44 13.81 13.81 Transportation and material moving................................ 16.17 15.68 21.38 21.38 Time Incentive Civilian Private Civilian Private workers industry workers industry workers workers Relative error(4) Relative error(4) All workers........................................................... 1.1% 1.4% 4.5% 4.5% Management, professional, and related............................... .9 1.0 5.9 5.9 Management, business, and financial............................... 1.6 2.0 5.3 5.3 Professional and related.......................................... 1.4 1.8 10.9 10.9 Service............................................................. 1.6 1.4 7.8 7.8 Sales and office.................................................... 1.1 1.3 6.1 6.1 Sales and related................................................. 2.0 2.0 6.8 6.8 Office and administrative support................................. 1.3 1.5 5.9 5.9 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 1.8 1.9 6.8 6.8 Construction and extraction...................................... – 2.5 – 15.9 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 1.9 2.2 8.1 8.1 Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 1.9 1.8 7.1 7.1 Production........................................................ 2.0 2.0 16.3 16.3 Transportation and material moving................................ 2.6 2.4 5.8 5.8 1 Earnings of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary. Incentive workers are those whose earnings are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighed by hours. 3 The NCS uses the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification coding structure, which defines more than 800 unique occupations, to match jobs sampled by the survey. Military occupations are excluded from the survey. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see chapter 8 of the BLS Handbook of Methods, at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch8_a.htm. NOTE: Dashes indicate that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.