RSE Table 11 Full-time(1) civilian workers: Relative standard errors of mean hourly, weekly, and annual earnings Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(5) Annual earnings(6) Occupation(2) Mean Relative Mean Relative Mean Relative error(4) error(4) error(4) All workers........................................................... $24.86 2.4% $976 2.4% $49,356 2.4% Management occupations.............................................. 44.30 4.1 1,788 4.3 92,717 4.3 General and operations managers................................... 51.89 4.6 2,167 3.5 112,681 3.5 Marketing and sales managers...................................... 51.85 7.7 2,095 7.1 108,950 7.1 Marketing managers.............................................. 56.57 12.0 2,298 11.1 119,471 11.1 Sales managers.................................................. 46.54 3.5 1,870 2.9 97,233 2.9 Public relations managers......................................... 35.98 4.8 1,439 4.8 74,832 4.8 Administrative services managers.................................. 45.00 7.6 1,717 6.2 89,270 6.2 Computer and information systems managers......................... 52.51 6.2 2,081 5.3 108,212 5.3 Financial managers................................................ 46.21 3.1 1,866 4.3 97,030 4.3 Human resources managers.......................................... 39.32 15.8 1,584 10.1 82,379 10.1 Industrial production managers.................................... 42.91 6.9 1,734 6.8 90,161 6.8 Purchasing managers............................................... 29.89 17.5 1,165 17.0 60,566 17.0 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers................ 28.20 18.5 1,120 19.1 58,216 19.1 Construction managers............................................. 45.61 10.6 2,001 8.0 104,042 8.0 Education administrators.......................................... 39.62 6.1 1,506 6.4 75,695 6.4 Education administrators, elementary and secondary school....... 46.56 6.6 1,845 6.0 88,016 6.0 Education administrators, postsecondary......................... 40.08 6.2 1,458 5.6 74,999 5.6 Engineering managers.............................................. 56.10 9.9 2,271 11.5 118,097 11.5 Food service managers............................................. 24.53 2.2 1,086 7.3 56,496 7.3 Medical and health services managers.............................. 47.99 8.5 1,936 6.7 100,659 6.7 Property, real estate, and community association managers......... 25.92 1.8 1,015 2.7 52,801 2.7 Social and community service managers............................. 20.28 16.6 863 11.7 44,889 11.7 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 32.22 3.7 1,292 5.2 66,023 5.2 Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 32.19 3.8 1,308 5.2 68,028 5.2 Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products............... 29.10 5.5 1,171 4.0 60,908 4.0 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products.. 33.74 6.0 1,378 7.1 71,635 7.1 Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators........ 26.60 4.3 1,021 4.2 53,081 4.2 Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators.................. 27.15 7.0 1,042 7.0 54,209 7.0 Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation..................................... 24.19 11.2 994 12.5 51,708 12.5 Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 25.60 13.2 1,036 14.2 47,488 14.2 Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists.............. 35.57 6.3 1,489 9.0 77,430 9.0 Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists............ 31.83 8.9 1,307 9.2 67,959 9.2 Management analysts............................................... 40.01 2.9 1,650 4.8 85,814 4.8 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 27.65 5.3 1,065 4.2 55,362 4.2 Appraisers and assessors of real estate........................... 28.65 13.9 1,112 15.9 57,810 15.9 Budget analysts................................................... 36.66 12.4 1,469 12.5 76,395 12.5 Credit analysts................................................... 28.06 12.6 1,122 12.6 58,369 12.6 Financial analysts and advisors................................... 42.82 8.8 1,771 8.8 92,097 8.8 Financial analysts.............................................. 43.30 5.8 1,859 4.5 96,676 4.5 Insurance underwriters.......................................... 42.12 27.0 1,579 29.6 82,085 29.6 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 38.38 1.2 1,530 1.8 79,555 1.8 Computer programmers.............................................. 30.61 10.9 1,213 11.2 63,082 11.2 Computer software engineers....................................... 44.95 2.8 1,818 2.0 94,517 2.0 Computer software engineers, applications....................... 45.25 4.4 1,854 2.3 96,398 2.3 Computer software engineers, systems software................... 44.65 1.9 1,782 2.1 92,689 2.1 Computer support specialists...................................... 31.71 8.5 1,245 8.8 64,718 8.8 Computer systems analysts......................................... 38.87 2.6 1,555 3.2 80,873 3.2 Network and computer systems administrators....................... 34.79 4.8 1,392 5.3 72,382 5.3 Network systems and data communications analysts.................. 34.97 6.7 1,359 5.2 70,693 5.2 Actuaries......................................................... 37.50 10.7 1,416 8.6 73,614 8.6 Operations research analysts...................................... 34.72 5.1 1,294 2.3 67,263 2.3 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 35.62 2.0 1,445 2.5 75,123 2.5 Engineers......................................................... 41.10 2.6 1,674 2.5 87,060 2.5 Aerospace engineers............................................. 45.25 5.3 1,831 5.2 95,216 5.2 Civil engineers................................................. 30.72 3.4 1,259 1.8 65,488 1.8 Computer hardware engineers..................................... 41.50 5.9 1,784 2.4 92,791 2.4 Electrical and electronics engineers............................ 43.66 5.6 1,784 3.9 92,778 3.9 Electrical engineers.......................................... 40.48 3.9 1,662 1.6 86,403 1.6 Electronics engineers, except computer........................ 44.87 7.3 1,831 5.5 95,200 5.5 Industrial engineers, including health and safety............... 37.37 5.9 1,508 5.8 78,438 5.8 Industrial engineers.......................................... 37.99 5.6 1,534 5.4 79,782 5.4 Mechanical engineers............................................ 42.21 6.9 1,716 6.8 89,241 6.8 Drafters.......................................................... 22.68 16.5 899 15.8 46,731 15.8 Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 23.58 3.4 936 3.5 48,696 3.5 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians............... 22.67 2.5 907 2.5 47,162 2.5 Industrial engineering technicians.............................. 25.49 11.6 1,012 11.7 52,644 11.7 Mechanical engineering technicians.............................. 27.32 6.7 1,079 8.0 56,099 8.0 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 32.38 11.8 1,275 11.9 65,591 11.9 Life scientists................................................... 33.50 30.1 1,321 29.3 68,529 29.3 Biological scientists........................................... 40.77 11.3 1,603 12.6 82,479 12.6 Biochemists and biophysicists................................. 40.87 11.4 1,619 12.5 84,185 12.5 Physical scientists............................................... 33.96 12.6 1,351 12.5 69,691 12.5 Chemists and materials scientists............................... 42.13 8.8 1,668 9.1 86,713 9.1 Materials scientists.......................................... 45.10 8.1 1,804 8.1 93,818 8.1 Market and survey researchers..................................... 41.86 21.6 1,688 21.6 87,755 21.6 Market research analysts........................................ 41.86 21.6 1,688 21.6 87,755 21.6 Psychologists..................................................... 37.19 33.8 1,410 31.3 62,781 31.3 Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists.................. 49.81 18.8 1,841 18.1 76,776 18.1 Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians...... 20.36 4.9 810 4.7 41,591 4.7 Community and social services occupations........................... 22.18 4.9 851 4.7 42,232 4.7 Counselors........................................................ 27.56 11.1 1,025 10.3 46,984 10.3 Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 33.93 16.4 1,210 13.5 50,982 13.5 Social workers.................................................... 20.91 6.2 812 5.4 41,613 5.4 Child, family, and school social workers........................ 23.20 7.1 882 6.7 44,645 6.7 Mental health and substance abuse social workers................ 16.63 3.1 665 3.1 34,594 3.1 Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............ 17.72 9.3 687 10.3 35,232 10.3 Social and human service assistants............................. 15.27 7.1 591 9.2 30,229 9.2 Legal occupations................................................... 42.38 15.4 1,640 14.8 85,270 14.8 Lawyers........................................................... 54.34 13.5 2,150 13.3 111,788 13.3 Paralegals and legal assistants................................... 24.29 10.0 918 9.3 47,746 9.3 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 35.20 4.6 1,254 4.2 49,625 4.2 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 52.51 3.8 1,984 5.3 80,939 5.3 Math and computer teachers, postsecondary....................... 61.48 13.9 2,292 14.0 83,069 14.0 Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary.................. 50.21 12.0 1,862 13.6 68,024 13.6 Engineering and architecture teachers, postsecondary............ 74.27 5.6 2,909 6.1 98,023 6.1 Life sciences teachers, postsecondary........................... 47.55 0.8 2,101 6.2 102,752 6.2 Biological science teachers, postsecondary.................... 47.55 0.8 2,101 6.2 102,752 6.2 Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary....................... 63.17 14.6 2,454 13.5 107,098 13.5 Social sciences teachers, postsecondary......................... 42.08 6.7 1,524 8.0 64,471 8.0 Arts, communications, and humanities teachers, postsecondary.... 58.27 10.9 2,134 9.1 82,658 9.1 Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary................. 62.30 12.0 2,384 12.3 92,307 12.3 English language and literature teachers, postsecondary....... 62.35 23.5 2,177 18.9 88,337 18.9 Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers............................ 45.72 7.2 1,630 7.3 63,233 7.3 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 36.28 4.8 1,292 4.1 49,833 4.1 Preschool and kindergarten teachers............................. 16.33 7.6 626 7.7 29,327 7.7 Preschool teachers, except special education.................. 13.83 6.4 536 7.0 25,699 7.0 Kindergarten teachers, except special education............... 41.39 12.3 1,436 12.2 55,451 12.2 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 41.48 2.0 1,450 1.6 53,689 1.6 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 41.70 2.2 1,461 1.8 54,118 1.8 Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................. 40.74 4.4 1,414 4.0 52,287 4.0 Secondary school teachers....................................... 42.45 1.1 1,476 1.3 54,211 1.3 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................. 42.63 1.2 1,484 1.1 54,500 1.1 Special education teachers...................................... 38.78 9.6 1,375 7.4 52,130 7.4 Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school.......................................... 40.98 7.7 1,455 6.0 54,813 6.0 Special education teachers, middle school..................... 30.54 14.7 1,134 12.7 44,794 12.7 Special education teachers, secondary school.................. 44.38 9.0 1,487 8.4 54,579 8.4 Other teachers and instructors.................................... 23.99 7.5 825 11.9 36,201 11.9 Librarians........................................................ 27.49 8.1 1,021 7.9 50,736 7.9 Instructional coordinators........................................ 30.33 20.9 1,048 19.5 49,359 19.5 Teacher assistants................................................ 13.86 5.3 460 4.1 17,594 4.1 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 27.81 7.5 1,094 7.0 56,800 7.0 Designers......................................................... 24.20 6.4 954 5.7 49,619 5.7 Graphic designers............................................... 23.98 6.5 943 4.8 49,033 4.8 Public relations specialists...................................... 27.14 3.6 1,074 4.3 55,823 4.3 Writers and editors............................................... 38.27 3.3 1,464 4.0 76,151 4.0 Editors......................................................... 36.15 3.4 1,352 3.9 70,322 3.9 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 29.01 5.4 1,115 4.7 57,470 4.7 Pharmacists....................................................... 46.92 3.6 1,833 4.8 95,297 4.8 Physicians and surgeons........................................... 54.74 32.7 2,192 32.8 113,974 32.8 Registered nurses................................................. 32.76 4.4 1,228 4.4 63,131 4.4 Therapists........................................................ 33.33 5.3 1,265 3.8 61,428 3.8 Occupational therapists......................................... 37.89 15.0 1,418 10.0 63,848 10.0 Physical therapists............................................. 31.19 5.0 1,200 1.9 62,394 1.9 Respiratory therapists.......................................... 30.54 6.1 1,213 6.1 63,101 6.1 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians................. 20.54 5.4 813 5.3 42,276 5.3 Medical and clinical laboratory technologists................... 22.13 13.3 885 13.3 46,035 13.3 Medical and clinical laboratory technicians..................... 18.32 6.2 714 4.7 37,154 4.7 Emergency medical technicians and paramedics...................... 16.35 8.4 646 8.4 33,571 8.4 Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians... 18.65 4.5 722 5.2 37,365 5.2 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 23.35 3.7 898 4.9 46,699 4.9 Medical records and health information technicians................ 16.60 6.5 637 8.3 33,142 8.3 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 14.15 0.9 547 1.1 28,408 1.1 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 13.23 1.6 513 2.2 26,655 2.2 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 13.38 1.7 517 2.7 26,900 2.7 Psychiatric aides............................................... 13.28 8.6 523 8.2 27,206 8.2 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 15.61 2.7 601 3.8 31,211 3.8 Dental assistants............................................... 19.51 4.6 701 5.1 36,466 5.1 Medical assistants.............................................. 14.29 2.6 551 2.9 28,541 2.9 Medical transcriptionists....................................... 15.78 7.8 626 7.9 32,575 7.9 Protective service occupations...................................... 21.73 7.3 869 7.4 45,043 7.4 First-line supervisors/managers, law enforcement workers.......... 33.92 10.7 1,347 10.7 70,058 10.7 First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives........ 40.10 3.8 1,604 3.8 83,401 3.8 First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers........................................................ 29.37 4.5 1,294 6.5 67,306 6.5 Fire fighters..................................................... 22.25 5.2 952 5.1 49,498 5.1 Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 22.79 4.4 891 3.8 46,340 3.8 Correctional officers and jailers............................... 21.90 3.1 862 2.7 44,824 2.7 Police officers................................................... 25.45 7.2 996 7.2 51,794 7.2 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 25.45 7.2 996 7.2 51,794 7.2 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 15.16 9.7 600 9.4 31,069 9.4 Security guards................................................. 15.16 9.7 600 9.4 31,069 9.4 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 11.40 6.9 439 6.8 22,181 6.8 First-line supervisors/managers, food preparation and serving workers........................................................ 18.42 3.6 766 4.5 38,724 4.5 First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers...................................................... 18.07 6.5 757 6.6 38,061 6.6 Cooks............................................................. 13.33 2.5 522 2.8 26,642 2.8 Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................ 14.02 4.7 546 4.8 27,008 4.8 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 13.13 2.9 509 3.1 26,449 3.1 Food preparation workers.......................................... 12.24 9.8 487 9.4 25,331 9.4 Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.88 30.8 254 32.5 12,551 32.5 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 6.01 44.0 221 44.0 10,847 44.0 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers...... 8.79 13.1 324 17.5 15,816 17.5 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 9.59 5.9 359 5.9 17,978 5.9 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food......................................................... 11.75 10.8 445 13.3 22,506 13.3 Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop 8.95 6.5 334 4.1 16,676 4.1 Dishwashers....................................................... 8.77 1.5 338 2.0 17,579 2.0 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 15.58 7.9 617 8.0 30,881 8.0 First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers...................................................... 22.06 10.5 880 10.7 45,735 10.7 Building cleaning workers......................................... 13.83 3.0 547 3.7 28,258 3.7 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 14.18 2.8 559 3.0 28,787 3.0 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 11.58 8.8 455 9.8 23,674 9.8 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 15.19 2.9 605 2.9 24,250 2.9 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 14.70 1.8 586 1.8 23,112 1.8 Personal care and service occupations............................... 13.03 4.2 485 2.1 23,305 2.1 First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers....... 17.84 14.6 748 20.5 37,689 20.5 Child care workers................................................ 11.57 3.8 459 4.1 23,152 4.1 Sales and related occupations....................................... 22.74 3.9 906 4.1 46,951 4.1 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 21.26 7.8 869 8.9 44,810 8.9 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 17.83 10.4 738 12.4 38,360 12.4 First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers..... 27.31 3.8 1,092 3.8 55,549 3.8 Retail sales workers.............................................. 13.09 4.3 514 4.6 26,592 4.6 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 10.77 3.2 413 3.8 21,357 3.8 Cashiers...................................................... 10.77 3.2 413 3.8 21,357 3.8 Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons................ 12.87 20.5 515 20.5 26,652 20.5 Counter and rental clerks..................................... 9.86 10.5 394 10.5 20,360 10.5 Retail salespersons............................................. 14.26 8.4 564 8.5 29,143 8.5 Insurance sales agents............................................ 27.45 6.5 1,054 4.8 54,793 4.8 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 80.88 20.8 3,114 21.5 161,913 21.5 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 30.04 2.3 1,213 2.4 63,061 2.4 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products...................................... 35.80 11.9 1,439 12.9 74,844 12.9 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products............................ 27.15 3.5 1,098 3.3 57,109 3.3 Miscellaneous sales and related workers........................... 26.77 10.8 1,072 11.0 55,756 11.0 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 17.84 1.7 695 1.6 35,960 1.6 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers................................................ 29.08 4.7 1,137 4.9 59,126 4.9 Switchboard operators, including answering service................ 13.98 7.4 538 7.1 27,953 7.1 Financial clerks.................................................. 16.39 2.5 636 2.8 33,026 2.8 Billing and posting clerks and machine operators................ 15.25 4.9 595 5.2 30,942 5.2 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 17.84 4.3 686 3.4 35,617 3.4 Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................................. 20.38 12.1 799 13.7 41,541 13.7 Tellers......................................................... 13.70 1.6 533 2.5 27,719 2.5 Brokerage clerks.................................................. 18.88 6.3 726 5.8 37,738 5.8 Customer service representatives.................................. 18.96 6.2 741 5.6 38,532 5.6 File clerks....................................................... 12.34 13.0 493 13.0 25,661 13.0 Library assistants, clerical...................................... 16.29 6.9 587 6.3 26,653 6.3 Order clerks...................................................... 18.70 2.6 736 3.0 38,260 3.0 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.95 1.6 540 1.7 27,626 1.7 Dispatchers....................................................... 18.83 6.0 757 6.0 39,390 6.0 Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers......................... 20.61 9.4 791 7.9 41,137 7.9 Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance................. 18.15 6.8 744 7.7 38,668 7.7 Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................... 21.86 4.4 874 4.5 45,430 4.5 Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................... 15.54 6.7 619 6.4 32,179 6.4 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 14.04 5.1 556 5.4 28,930 5.4 Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping........ 13.70 10.2 548 10.2 28,491 10.2 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 19.36 1.9 753 1.9 38,825 1.9 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 22.27 2.7 868 2.4 45,155 2.4 Medical secretaries............................................. 16.86 2.8 660 3.2 34,344 3.2 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 17.65 4.0 681 4.0 34,532 4.0 Computer operators................................................ 17.75 10.1 708 10.3 36,820 10.3 Data entry and information processing workers..................... 13.87 7.7 539 7.6 27,350 7.6 Data entry keyers............................................... 13.28 8.2 521 8.6 26,286 8.6 Word processors and typists..................................... 16.50 7.4 615 4.8 31,988 4.8 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 16.97 2.4 644 2.5 33,471 2.5 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 14.66 4.2 574 5.1 29,859 5.1 Office clerks, general............................................ 17.69 5.2 687 5.2 35,698 5.2 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 24.62 2.7 984 2.7 50,343 2.7 First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers............................................. 32.26 8.2 1,292 8.2 67,171 8.2 Carpenters........................................................ 24.08 9.5 963 9.5 50,085 9.5 Construction laborers............................................. 22.18 8.7 887 8.7 43,541 8.7 Construction equipment operators.................................. 33.18 11.1 1,327 11.1 67,882 11.1 Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators.. 35.19 12.4 1,408 12.4 71,827 12.4 Electricians...................................................... 23.33 4.9 937 4.7 48,710 4.7 Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............... 28.10 12.3 1,119 12.4 58,214 12.4 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................... 28.10 12.3 1,119 12.4 58,214 12.4 Helpers, construction trades...................................... 19.33 19.1 769 19.0 35,342 19.0 Construction and building inspectors.............................. 29.12 2.7 1,148 3.3 59,716 3.3 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 22.41 0.7 897 0.7 46,502 0.7 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers...................................................... 28.50 9.9 1,165 10.1 60,598 10.1 Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers... 28.23 3.0 1,121 3.7 58,273 3.7 Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers.............................................. 28.23 3.0 1,121 3.7 58,273 3.7 Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers...................................... 24.96 16.3 998 16.3 51,911 16.3 Aircraft mechanics and service technicians........................ 28.60 3.4 1,144 3.4 59,491 3.4 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 21.93 12.5 883 13.1 45,932 13.1 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 22.11 13.4 889 13.9 46,205 13.9 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............. 19.34 3.6 775 3.7 40,292 3.7 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers..................................................... 23.25 9.8 930 9.8 48,356 9.8 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 18.70 3.2 743 3.3 38,512 3.3 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 21.67 7.7 850 7.9 44,215 7.9 Maintenance and repair workers, general......................... 18.05 2.0 718 2.2 37,186 2.2 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 16.88 5.8 675 5.8 35,113 5.8 Line installers and repairers..................................... 25.97 5.8 1,039 5.8 54,028 5.8 Electrical power-line installers and repairers.................. 28.80 5.7 1,152 5.7 59,901 5.7 Telecommunications line installers and repairers................ 24.68 8.0 987 8.0 51,340 8.0 Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....... 16.11 9.3 645 9.3 31,576 9.3 Production occupations.............................................. 15.46 4.2 616 4.2 32,023 4.2 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers........................................................ 26.19 9.3 1,046 9.5 54,398 9.5 Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers......... 14.74 9.7 590 9.7 30,655 9.7 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers.................. 17.15 10.4 686 10.4 35,677 10.4 Electromechanical equipment assemblers.......................... 13.55 4.4 542 4.4 28,187 4.4 Structural metal fabricators and fitters.......................... 17.94 18.3 718 18.3 37,317 18.3 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 12.66 5.1 503 4.9 26,159 4.9 Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers..... 16.82 8.6 673 8.6 34,984 8.6 Butchers and meat cutters....................................... 17.41 9.0 697 9.0 36,219 9.0 Computer control programmers and operators........................ 15.00 7.7 600 7.7 31,204 7.7 Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic... 12.82 13.7 513 13.7 26,661 13.7 Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 14.50 13.0 580 13.0 30,153 13.0 Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............................................ 15.81 2.5 632 2.5 32,878 2.5 Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........................................................ 16.09 12.4 644 12.4 33,466 12.4 Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................................... 14.69 9.5 588 9.5 30,560 9.5 Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................... 11.77 23.8 471 23.8 24,485 23.8 Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............................................ 20.20 19.3 808 19.3 42,022 19.3 Machinists........................................................ 23.51 3.1 940 3.1 48,893 3.1 Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................... 14.32 10.2 573 10.2 29,783 10.2 Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................................... 13.74 10.0 550 10.0 28,579 10.0 Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........................................................ 12.00 16.0 456 19.5 23,720 19.5 Tool and die makers............................................... 23.38 9.3 935 9.3 48,632 9.3 Welding, soldering, and brazing workers........................... 22.94 9.9 920 9.6 47,841 9.6 Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers........................ 23.12 10.4 927 10.1 48,225 10.1 Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic workers.................... 16.09 3.9 643 3.9 33,457 3.9 Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............................................ 17.42 1.7 697 1.7 36,235 1.7 Printers.......................................................... 12.60 21.8 500 21.5 26,007 21.5 Printing machine operators...................................... 11.93 23.0 476 23.0 24,768 23.0 Laundry and dry-cleaning workers.................................. 10.72 5.1 429 5.1 22,297 5.1 Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders................... 11.94 4.2 477 4.2 24,800 4.2 Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders............... 13.46 6.0 538 6.0 27,990 6.0 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............. 15.44 8.2 619 8.4 32,211 8.4 Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............... 12.18 4.9 487 4.9 25,332 4.9 Painting workers.................................................. 16.23 5.4 649 5.4 33,760 5.4 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 12.18 9.0 484 8.5 25,154 8.5 Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders............. 11.63 27.6 452 25.0 23,500 25.0 Helpers--production workers..................................... 11.24 12.6 450 12.6 23,385 12.6 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.72 3.1 580 2.4 29,896 2.4 First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand................................................... 22.76 9.5 914 10.5 44,572 10.5 Bus drivers....................................................... 18.05 6.5 632 10.4 27,770 10.4 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 16.31 4.4 653 4.3 33,773 4.3 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 18.59 7.8 752 7.6 38,669 7.6 Truck drivers, light or delivery services....................... 14.68 9.1 588 9.1 30,556 9.1 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 21.39 4.7 856 4.7 44,373 4.7 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators........... 21.39 4.7 856 4.7 44,373 4.7 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 16.40 6.7 647 6.1 33,650 6.1 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.82 2.5 471 2.6 24,505 2.6 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.73 4.1 508 4.1 26,412 4.1 Machine feeders and offbearers.................................. 11.22 14.6 447 14.8 23,242 14.8 Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 10.05 4.7 400 4.3 20,811 4.3 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 A classification system including about 800 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighed by hours. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 5 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. 6 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. NOTE: Dashes indicate that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. RSE Table 12 Full-time(1) private industry workers: Relative standard errors of mean hourly, weekly, and annual earnings Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(5) Annual earnings(6) Occupation(2) Mean Relative Mean Relative Mean Relative error(4) error(4) error(4) All workers........................................................... $24.40 2.6% $965 2.7% $49,614 2.7% Management occupations.............................................. 44.94 4.4 1,822 4.6 94,683 4.6 General and operations managers................................... 52.77 4.9 2,217 3.7 115,272 3.7 Marketing and sales managers...................................... 51.85 7.7 2,095 7.1 108,950 7.1 Marketing managers.............................................. 56.57 12.0 2,298 11.1 119,471 11.1 Sales managers.................................................. 46.54 3.5 1,870 2.9 97,233 2.9 Administrative services managers.................................. 43.05 8.7 1,635 6.9 85,028 6.9 Computer and information systems managers......................... 54.68 5.6 2,169 4.5 112,808 4.5 Financial managers................................................ 46.95 2.7 1,900 4.1 98,777 4.1 Human resources managers.......................................... 40.08 17.3 1,642 10.3 85,403 10.3 Industrial production managers.................................... 44.42 4.4 1,796 3.9 93,391 3.9 Purchasing managers............................................... 28.79 17.7 1,125 17.4 58,521 17.4 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers................ 28.20 18.5 1,120 19.1 58,216 19.1 Construction managers............................................. 46.14 11.2 2,033 8.4 105,694 8.4 Education administrators.......................................... 36.01 8.8 1,342 9.2 69,137 9.2 Education administrators, elementary and secondary school....... 42.87 10.3 1,700 15.1 87,742 15.1 Education administrators, postsecondary......................... 40.44 6.2 1,460 4.8 74,961 4.8 Engineering managers.............................................. 56.09 10.5 2,279 12.3 118,531 12.3 Food service managers............................................. 24.53 2.2 1,086 7.3 56,496 7.3 Medical and health services managers.............................. 49.03 10.4 2,004 8.0 104,230 8.0 Property, real estate, and community association managers......... 26.82 2.0 1,053 3.7 54,761 3.7 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 32.49 4.0 1,307 5.6 66,672 5.6 Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 32.19 3.8 1,308 5.2 68,028 5.2 Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products............... 29.10 5.5 1,171 4.0 60,908 4.0 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products.. 33.74 6.0 1,378 7.1 71,635 7.1 Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators........ 26.60 4.3 1,021 4.2 53,081 4.2 Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators.................. 27.15 7.0 1,042 7.0 54,209 7.0 Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 24.95 12.9 1,012 14.2 45,993 14.2 Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists............ 29.88 7.3 1,232 7.9 64,050 7.9 Management analysts............................................... 40.54 2.5 1,676 4.3 87,160 4.3 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 27.83 6.1 1,077 4.8 56,024 4.8 Budget analysts................................................... 38.83 16.0 1,557 16.0 80,959 16.0 Credit analysts................................................... 28.06 12.6 1,122 12.6 58,369 12.6 Financial analysts and advisors................................... 42.82 8.8 1,771 8.8 92,097 8.8 Financial analysts.............................................. 43.30 5.8 1,859 4.5 96,676 4.5 Insurance underwriters.......................................... 42.12 27.0 1,579 29.6 82,085 29.6 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 38.92 .9 1,555 1.6 80,858 1.6 Computer programmers.............................................. 30.62 11.5 1,216 11.8 63,217 11.8 Computer software engineers....................................... 45.06 2.8 1,822 2.0 94,763 2.0 Computer software engineers, applications....................... 45.48 4.4 1,864 2.3 96,943 2.3 Computer software engineers, systems software................... 44.65 1.9 1,782 2.1 92,689 2.1 Computer support specialists...................................... 34.07 9.2 1,347 9.2 70,068 9.2 Computer systems analysts......................................... 38.40 2.8 1,539 3.5 80,011 3.5 Network and computer systems administrators....................... 35.82 5.5 1,441 6.1 74,923 6.1 Network systems and data communications analysts.................. 35.14 8.2 1,361 6.4 70,797 6.4 Actuaries......................................................... 37.50 10.7 1,416 8.6 73,614 8.6 Operations research analysts...................................... 34.72 5.1 1,294 2.3 67,263 2.3 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 35.83 2.0 1,455 2.6 75,658 2.6 Engineers......................................................... 41.28 2.6 1,682 2.4 87,484 2.4 Aerospace engineers............................................. 45.25 5.3 1,831 5.2 95,216 5.2 Civil engineers................................................. 30.01 4.8 1,240 2.4 64,472 2.4 Computer hardware engineers..................................... 41.50 5.9 1,784 2.4 92,791 2.4 Electrical and electronics engineers............................ 43.61 5.7 1,783 4.0 92,706 4.0 Electrical engineers.......................................... 40.17 4.0 1,651 1.4 85,833 1.4 Electronics engineers, except computer........................ 44.87 7.3 1,831 5.5 95,200 5.5 Industrial engineers, including health and safety............... 37.37 5.9 1,508 5.8 78,438 5.8 Industrial engineers.......................................... 37.99 5.6 1,534 5.4 79,782 5.4 Mechanical engineers............................................ 42.21 6.9 1,716 6.8 89,241 6.8 Drafters.......................................................... 22.68 16.5 899 15.8 46,731 15.8 Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 23.85 3.6 951 3.7 49,447 3.7 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians............... 22.67 2.5 907 2.5 47,162 2.5 Industrial engineering technicians.............................. 25.49 11.6 1,012 11.7 52,644 11.7 Mechanical engineering technicians.............................. 27.32 6.7 1,079 8.0 56,099 8.0 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 32.34 12.8 1,279 13.2 66,278 13.2 Life scientists................................................... 33.82 32.5 1,344 32.2 69,754 32.2 Biological scientists........................................... 40.77 11.3 1,603 12.6 82,479 12.6 Biochemists and biophysicists................................. 40.87 11.4 1,619 12.5 84,185 12.5 Physical scientists............................................... 37.01 13.0 1,470 12.8 76,441 12.8 Chemists and materials scientists............................... 42.13 8.8 1,668 9.1 86,713 9.1 Materials scientists.......................................... 45.10 8.1 1,804 8.1 93,818 8.1 Market and survey researchers..................................... 41.92 21.8 1,690 21.9 87,882 21.9 Market research analysts........................................ 41.92 21.8 1,690 21.9 87,882 21.9 Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians...... 20.36 4.9 810 4.7 41,591 4.7 Community and social services occupations........................... 18.33 5.5 706 6.2 35,679 6.2 Counselors........................................................ 21.32 12.2 803 11.2 38,805 11.2 Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 25.83 21.8 951 18.5 43,407 18.5 Social workers.................................................... 18.06 5.2 706 5.1 36,316 5.1 Mental health and substance abuse social workers................ 16.63 3.1 665 3.1 34,594 3.1 Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............ 13.03 4.2 490 7.1 25,469 7.1 Social and human service assistants............................. 13.03 4.2 490 7.1 25,469 7.1 Legal occupations................................................... 48.01 13.4 1,875 11.7 97,504 11.7 Lawyers........................................................... 58.29 14.9 2,315 14.6 120,376 14.6 Paralegals and legal assistants................................... 24.17 10.8 909 9.9 47,269 9.9 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 30.48 11.5 1,156 11.1 51,311 11.1 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 52.80 3.2 2,030 5.4 85,428 5.4 Math and computer teachers, postsecondary....................... 48.98 13.1 1,817 15.3 65,836 15.3 Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary.................. 48.98 13.1 1,817 15.3 65,836 15.3 Life sciences teachers, postsecondary........................... 47.55 .8 2,101 6.2 102,752 6.2 Biological science teachers, postsecondary.................... 47.55 .8 2,101 6.2 102,752 6.2 Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary....................... 62.69 16.4 2,428 15.1 107,255 15.1 Social sciences teachers, postsecondary......................... 50.25 9.2 1,823 7.8 79,980 7.8 Arts, communications, and humanities teachers, postsecondary.... 55.77 14.3 2,011 10.9 77,718 10.9 English language and literature teachers, postsecondary....... 66.13 31.1 2,247 25.2 92,874 25.2 Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers............................ 44.83 9.3 1,648 9.7 65,484 9.7 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 20.26 13.6 775 12.1 34,178 12.1 Preschool and kindergarten teachers............................. 13.28 5.4 515 6.2 24,904 6.2 Preschool teachers, except special education.................. 13.16 5.5 511 6.4 24,685 6.4 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 29.19 9.2 1,119 12.7 42,374 12.7 Special education teachers...................................... 32.04 24.7 1,191 19.9 48,748 19.9 Librarians........................................................ 27.08 18.0 1,043 16.4 52,927 16.4 Teacher assistants................................................ 10.20 11.0 391 8.3 19,836 8.3 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 28.07 7.6 1,105 7.1 57,362 7.1 Designers......................................................... 24.20 6.4 954 5.7 49,619 5.7 Graphic designers............................................... 23.98 6.5 943 4.8 49,033 4.8 Public relations specialists...................................... 28.28 .4 1,126 .2 58,553 .2 Writers and editors............................................... 38.27 3.3 1,464 4.0 76,151 4.0 Editors......................................................... 36.15 3.4 1,352 3.9 70,322 3.9 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 29.13 6.0 1,120 5.1 58,247 5.1 Pharmacists....................................................... 46.92 3.6 1,833 4.8 95,297 4.8 Physicians and surgeons........................................... 54.74 32.7 2,192 32.8 113,974 32.8 Registered nurses................................................. 33.31 4.7 1,244 4.7 64,689 4.7 Therapists........................................................ 30.98 4.1 1,204 2.0 62,606 2.0 Physical therapists............................................. 31.19 5.0 1,200 1.9 62,394 1.9 Respiratory therapists.......................................... 30.54 6.1 1,213 6.1 63,101 6.1 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians................. 20.54 5.4 813 5.3 42,276 5.3 Medical and clinical laboratory technologists................... 22.13 13.3 885 13.3 46,035 13.3 Medical and clinical laboratory technicians..................... 18.32 6.2 714 4.7 37,154 4.7 Emergency medical technicians and paramedics...................... 15.84 10.4 632 10.3 32,872 10.3 Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians... 17.85 6.4 677 6.4 34,967 6.4 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 23.30 3.8 894 5.1 46,514 5.1 Medical records and health information technicians................ 16.60 6.5 637 8.3 33,142 8.3 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 14.16 .8 547 1.0 28,414 1.0 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 13.19 1.4 510 2.3 26,531 2.3 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 13.30 1.9 515 3.0 26,760 3.0 Psychiatric aides............................................... 14.00 8.8 540 4.2 28,079 4.2 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 15.56 2.7 598 3.8 31,090 3.8 Dental assistants............................................... 19.44 4.7 696 5.2 36,205 5.2 Medical assistants.............................................. 14.29 2.6 551 2.9 28,541 2.9 Medical transcriptionists....................................... 15.91 9.1 631 9.3 32,814 9.3 Protective service occupations...................................... 14.36 7.1 573 7.1 29,486 7.1 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 15.12 11.3 602 10.9 31,298 10.9 Security guards................................................. 15.12 11.3 602 10.9 31,298 10.9 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 11.30 7.2 436 7.0 22,222 7.0 First-line supervisors/managers, food preparation and serving workers........................................................ 18.58 3.9 780 4.8 40,007 4.8 First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers...................................................... 18.24 6.8 773 6.9 39,570 6.9 Cooks............................................................. 13.21 2.5 520 2.7 26,950 2.7 Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................ 13.78 4.6 543 4.2 28,021 4.2 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 13.13 2.9 509 3.1 26,449 3.1 Food preparation workers.......................................... 12.24 9.8 487 9.4 25,331 9.4 Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.83 31.3 253 33.0 12,550 33.0 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 6.01 44.0 221 44.0 10,847 44.0 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers...... 8.63 14.2 323 18.8 16,119 18.8 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 9.51 6.2 356 6.2 17,915 6.2 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food......................................................... 11.61 11.7 444 14.2 23,109 14.2 Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop 8.90 6.9 331 4.2 16,512 4.2 Dishwashers....................................................... 8.77 1.5 338 2.0 17,579 2.0 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 15.38 10.4 608 10.5 30,611 10.5 Building cleaning workers......................................... 13.27 5.1 523 6.1 27,180 6.1 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 13.32 3.8 521 4.0 27,072 4.0 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 11.34 10.1 446 11.2 23,176 11.2 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 14.98 2.0 597 1.9 24,933 1.9 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 14.98 2.0 597 1.9 24,933 1.9 Personal care and service occupations............................... 13.00 4.3 483 2.0 23,657 2.0 Child care workers................................................ 11.57 3.8 459 4.1 23,152 4.1 Sales and related occupations....................................... 22.82 3.9 909 4.2 47,123 4.2 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 21.44 7.7 877 8.8 45,214 8.8 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 17.94 10.7 744 12.7 38,680 12.7 First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers..... 27.31 3.8 1,092 3.8 55,549 3.8 Retail sales workers.............................................. 13.02 4.4 512 4.6 26,467 4.6 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 10.52 2.9 403 3.4 20,851 3.4 Cashiers...................................................... 10.52 2.9 403 3.4 20,851 3.4 Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons................ 12.87 20.5 515 20.5 26,652 20.5 Counter and rental clerks..................................... 9.86 10.5 394 10.5 20,360 10.5 Retail salespersons............................................. 14.25 8.5 564 8.5 29,131 8.5 Insurance sales agents............................................ 27.45 6.5 1,054 4.8 54,793 4.8 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 80.88 20.8 3,114 21.5 161,913 21.5 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 30.04 2.3 1,213 2.4 63,061 2.4 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products...................................... 35.80 11.9 1,439 12.9 74,844 12.9 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products............................ 27.15 3.5 1,098 3.3 57,109 3.3 Miscellaneous sales and related workers........................... 26.77 10.8 1,072 11.0 55,756 11.0 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 17.68 1.8 692 1.7 35,863 1.7 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers................................................ 29.28 4.8 1,154 4.7 60,017 4.7 Switchboard operators, including answering service................ 12.72 6.0 493 7.0 25,626 7.0 Financial clerks.................................................. 16.31 2.5 636 2.9 33,046 2.9 Billing and posting clerks and machine operators................ 15.25 4.9 596 5.3 30,975 5.3 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 17.83 4.6 692 3.6 35,988 3.6 Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................................. 20.35 12.6 797 14.3 41,461 14.3 Tellers......................................................... 13.57 1.6 529 2.6 27,488 2.6 Brokerage clerks.................................................. 18.88 6.3 726 5.8 37,738 5.8 Customer service representatives.................................. 18.86 6.3 737 5.7 38,304 5.7 Order clerks...................................................... 18.70 2.6 736 3.0 38,260 3.0 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.63 1.0 531 1.3 27,111 1.3 Dispatchers....................................................... 17.34 4.2 710 5.5 36,916 5.5 Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance................. 17.34 4.4 712 5.9 36,999 5.9 Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................... 21.86 4.4 874 4.5 45,430 4.5 Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................... 15.54 6.7 619 6.4 32,179 6.4 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 13.82 5.5 550 5.7 28,585 5.7 Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping........ 13.70 10.2 548 10.2 28,491 10.2 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 19.42 1.9 761 1.9 39,368 1.9 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 22.58 2.6 884 2.3 45,983 2.3 Medical secretaries............................................. 16.84 2.9 660 3.2 34,301 3.2 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 17.81 4.8 695 4.6 35,593 4.6 Computer operators................................................ 17.75 10.1 708 10.3 36,820 10.3 Data entry and information processing workers..................... 13.40 9.3 525 9.5 26,493 9.5 Data entry keyers............................................... 13.18 8.4 518 8.8 26,095 8.8 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 16.97 2.4 644 2.5 33,471 2.5 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 14.66 4.2 574 5.1 29,859 5.1 Office clerks, general............................................ 17.71 5.8 691 5.8 35,923 5.8 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 24.73 2.8 989 2.8 50,554 2.8 First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers............................................. 35.86 5.1 1,436 5.1 74,691 5.1 Carpenters........................................................ 24.11 9.8 964 9.8 50,152 9.8 Construction laborers............................................. 22.18 8.7 887 8.7 43,541 8.7 Construction equipment operators.................................. 35.19 12.4 1,408 12.4 71,827 12.4 Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators.. 35.19 12.4 1,408 12.4 71,827 12.4 Electricians...................................................... 23.26 4.9 934 4.6 48,567 4.6 Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............... 28.42 12.9 1,136 12.9 59,090 12.9 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................... 28.42 12.9 1,136 12.9 59,090 12.9 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 22.52 .6 902 .7 46,747 .7 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers...................................................... 31.12 6.2 1,281 6.1 66,590 6.1 Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers... 29.10 .9 1,162 1.0 60,432 1.0 Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers.............................................. 29.10 .9 1,162 1.0 60,432 1.0 Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers...................................... 23.77 18.4 951 18.4 49,445 18.4 Aircraft mechanics and service technicians........................ 28.60 3.4 1,144 3.4 59,491 3.4 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 22.07 12.8 889 13.5 46,252 13.5 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 22.28 13.8 895 14.2 46,558 14.2 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............. 19.03 3.2 763 3.3 39,659 3.3 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers..................................................... 23.25 9.8 930 9.8 48,356 9.8 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 18.64 3.5 739 3.6 38,343 3.6 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 21.67 7.7 850 7.9 44,215 7.9 Maintenance and repair workers, general......................... 17.81 2.4 708 2.5 36,630 2.5 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 16.88 5.8 675 5.8 35,113 5.8 Line installers and repairers..................................... 26.26 6.9 1,050 6.9 54,619 6.9 Telecommunications line installers and repairers................ 24.77 8.2 991 8.2 51,519 8.2 Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....... 13.14 8.2 526 8.2 25,100 8.2 Production occupations.............................................. 15.40 4.3 613 4.3 31,892 4.3 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers........................................................ 25.73 10.0 1,027 10.3 53,428 10.3 Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers......... 14.74 9.7 590 9.7 30,655 9.7 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers.................. 17.15 10.4 686 10.4 35,677 10.4 Electromechanical equipment assemblers.......................... 13.55 4.4 542 4.4 28,187 4.4 Structural metal fabricators and fitters.......................... 17.94 18.3 718 18.3 37,317 18.3 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 12.66 5.1 503 4.9 26,159 4.9 Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers..... 16.82 8.6 673 8.6 34,984 8.6 Butchers and meat cutters....................................... 17.41 9.0 697 9.0 36,219 9.0 Computer control programmers and operators........................ 15.00 7.7 600 7.7 31,204 7.7 Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic... 12.82 13.7 513 13.7 26,661 13.7 Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 14.50 13.0 580 13.0 30,153 13.0 Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............................................ 15.81 2.5 632 2.5 32,878 2.5 Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........................................................ 16.09 12.4 644 12.4 33,466 12.4 Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................................... 14.69 9.5 588 9.5 30,560 9.5 Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................... 11.77 23.8 471 23.8 24,485 23.8 Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............................................ 20.20 19.3 808 19.3 42,022 19.3 Machinists........................................................ 23.51 3.1 940 3.1 48,893 3.1 Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................... 14.32 10.2 573 10.2 29,783 10.2 Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................................... 13.74 10.0 550 10.0 28,579 10.0 Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........................................................ 12.00 16.0 456 19.5 23,720 19.5 Tool and die makers............................................... 23.38 9.3 935 9.3 48,632 9.3 Welding, soldering, and brazing workers........................... 22.94 9.9 920 9.6 47,841 9.6 Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers........................ 23.12 10.4 927 10.1 48,225 10.1 Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic workers.................... 16.09 3.9 643 3.9 33,457 3.9 Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............................................ 17.42 1.7 697 1.7 36,235 1.7 Printers.......................................................... 12.60 21.8 500 21.5 26,007 21.5 Printing machine operators...................................... 11.93 23.0 476 23.0 24,768 23.0 Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders................... 11.94 4.2 477 4.2 24,800 4.2 Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders............... 13.46 6.0 538 6.0 27,990 6.0 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............. 15.44 8.2 619 8.4 32,211 8.4 Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............... 12.18 4.9 487 4.9 25,332 4.9 Painting workers.................................................. 16.23 5.4 649 5.4 33,760 5.4 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 12.18 9.0 484 8.5 25,154 8.5 Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders............. 11.63 27.6 452 25.0 23,500 25.0 Helpers--production workers..................................... 11.24 12.6 450 12.6 23,385 12.6 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.43 3.3 570 2.6 29,558 2.6 First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand................................................... 22.70 9.7 913 10.8 44,450 10.8 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 16.29 4.5 653 4.4 33,924 4.4 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 18.65 8.1 755 7.8 39,223 7.8 Truck drivers, light or delivery services....................... 14.68 9.1 588 9.1 30,556 9.1 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 21.64 7.2 866 7.2 44,834 7.2 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators........... 21.64 7.2 866 7.2 44,834 7.2 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 16.40 6.7 647 6.1 33,650 6.1 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.63 2.2 464 2.3 24,110 2.3 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.42 4.1 495 4.1 25,761 4.1 Machine feeders and offbearers.................................. 11.22 14.6 447 14.8 23,242 14.8 Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 10.05 4.7 400 4.3 20,811 4.3 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 A classification system including about 800 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighed by hours. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 5 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. 6 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. NOTE: Dashes indicate that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. RSE Table 13 Full-time(1) State and local government workers: Relative standard errors of mean hourly, weekly, and annual earnings Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(5) Annual earnings(6) Occupation(2) Mean Relative Mean Relative Mean Relative error(4) error(4) error(4) All workers........................................................... $28.10 3.6% $1,052 3.5% $47,826 3.5% Management occupations.............................................. 38.15 11.2 1,480 11.0 75,064 11.0 Education administrators.......................................... 45.26 5.6 1,775 5.2 85,803 5.2 Education administrators, elementary and secondary school....... 47.35 7.4 1,877 6.5 88,070 6.5 Education administrators, postsecondary......................... 38.41 21.4 1,446 22.8 75,180 22.8 Medical and health services managers.............................. 43.21 14.7 1,641 16.4 85,344 16.4 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 28.41 5.1 1,099 5.9 57,127 5.9 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 26.64 6.1 995 7.2 51,760 7.2 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 30.60 12.4 1,182 13.8 61,478 13.8 Computer support specialists...................................... 23.59 10.0 902 11.3 46,914 11.3 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 29.24 .2 1,146 2.1 59,611 2.1 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 32.91 19.3 1,230 19.0 58,410 19.0 Psychologists..................................................... 51.23 19.4 1,882 18.8 78,058 18.8 Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists.................. 51.23 19.4 1,882 18.8 78,058 18.8 Community and social services occupations........................... 26.66 9.9 1,019 8.0 49,532 8.0 Counselors........................................................ 35.49 4.2 1,298 2.7 56,006 2.7 Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 43.47 5.4 1,495 3.5 58,061 3.5 Social workers.................................................... 24.85 10.0 956 8.6 48,757 8.6 Child, family, and school social workers........................ 24.90 9.9 953 8.5 48,464 8.5 Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............ 20.89 12.2 826 10.3 41,989 10.3 Social and human service assistants............................. 17.63 7.8 705 4.4 35,366 4.4 Legal occupations................................................... 24.68 7.7 927 10.0 48,213 10.0 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 37.71 3.1 1,301 3.0 48,934 3.0 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 51.80 11.3 1,878 14.0 71,496 14.0 Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers............................ 47.66 9.9 1,593 11.0 59,091 11.0 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 42.61 1.3 1,477 1.3 54,528 1.3 Preschool and kindergarten teachers............................. 45.51 8.8 1,576 8.7 58,122 8.7 Kindergarten teachers, except special education............... 45.10 10.5 1,562 10.4 57,647 10.4 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 42.58 1.4 1,476 1.3 54,583 1.3 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 42.68 1.6 1,481 1.6 54,684 1.6 Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................. 42.24 2.5 1,463 2.1 54,251 2.1 Secondary school teachers....................................... 42.64 1.1 1,475 1.4 54,371 1.4 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................. 42.87 1.1 1,484 1.2 54,716 1.2 Special education teachers...................................... 41.82 6.0 1,453 5.3 53,413 5.3 Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school.......................................... 44.40 3.9 1,541 5.5 56,461 5.5 Other teachers and instructors.................................... 28.11 12.7 974 13.1 40,172 13.1 Librarians........................................................ 27.66 9.0 1,013 9.1 49,898 9.1 Teacher assistants................................................ 14.42 4.8 469 4.0 17,380 4.0 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 27.94 10.7 1,064 9.7 50,870 9.7 Registered nurses................................................. 29.00 10.6 1,114 10.3 53,118 10.3 Therapists........................................................ 43.72 11.0 1,502 10.6 58,001 10.6 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 14.10 7.1 553 6.9 28,336 6.9 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 13.56 8.3 533 8.2 27,702 8.2 Protective service occupations...................................... 24.51 3.9 981 4.0 50,964 4.0 First-line supervisors/managers, law enforcement workers.......... 33.89 11.1 1,346 11.1 69,980 11.1 First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers........................................................ 29.37 4.5 1,294 6.5 67,306 6.5 Fire fighters..................................................... 22.25 5.2 952 5.1 49,498 5.1 Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 22.79 4.4 891 3.8 46,340 3.8 Correctional officers and jailers............................... 21.90 3.1 862 2.7 44,824 2.7 Police officers................................................... 25.49 7.3 997 7.4 51,854 7.4 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 25.49 7.3 997 7.4 51,854 7.4 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 14.29 9.1 515 9.8 21,308 9.8 Cooks............................................................. 15.31 14.2 560 17.9 22,973 17.9 Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................ 15.31 14.2 560 17.9 22,973 17.9 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 16.30 3.8 650 3.7 31,831 3.7 Building cleaning workers......................................... 15.36 3.6 612 3.7 31,163 3.7 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 15.36 3.8 612 3.9 31,130 3.9 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 19.39 3.6 723 3.5 36,889 3.5 Financial clerks.................................................. 18.26 5.8 637 9.9 32,635 9.9 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 17.87 8.2 598 13.8 30,391 13.8 Dispatchers....................................................... 23.18 7.5 887 6.4 46,106 6.4 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 19.03 6.1 719 5.9 36,337 5.9 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 21.04 8.3 806 7.0 41,890 7.0 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 17.15 6.7 640 7.7 31,530 7.7 Data entry and information processing workers..................... 16.15 6.8 605 3.9 31,466 3.9 Office clerks, general............................................ 17.56 4.1 665 2.6 34,226 2.6 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 23.12 5.1 910 4.7 47,322 4.7 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 21.11 4.4 841 4.2 43,754 4.2 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 19.37 .7 775 .7 40,299 .7 Maintenance and repair workers, general......................... 19.37 .7 775 .7 40,299 .7 Production occupations.............................................. 20.64 15.0 826 15.0 42,933 15.0 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 19.27 8.6 733 10.6 34,589 10.6 Bus drivers....................................................... 19.49 7.0 652 13.4 27,285 13.4 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 A classification system including about 800 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighed by hours. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 5 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. 6 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. NOTE: Dashes indicate that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. RSE Table 15 Private industry establishments with fewer than 100 workers: Relative standard errors of mean hourly, weekly, and annual earnings for full-time workers Hourly earnings(2) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(1) Mean Relative Mean Relative Mean Relative error(3) error(3) error(3) All workers........................................................... $21.30 4.0% $843 3.9% $43,132 3.9% Management occupations.............................................. 39.52 7.0 1,620 5.8 84,139 5.8 General and operations managers................................... 48.96 15.2 2,015 14.4 104,773 14.4 Marketing and sales managers...................................... 52.24 3.3 2,083 2.7 108,291 2.7 Marketing managers.............................................. 49.48 18.0 1,992 17.0 103,572 17.0 Sales managers.................................................. 53.82 7.1 2,133 7.3 110,934 7.3 Financial managers................................................ 34.44 12.2 1,399 12.0 72,725 12.0 Education administrators.......................................... 30.36 22.4 1,263 31.2 63,187 31.2 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 29.82 6.9 1,210 9.1 59,804 9.1 Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 27.74 2.9 1,147 3.2 59,645 3.2 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products.. 23.75 6.1 973 4.5 50,585 4.5 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 29.25 9.5 1,144 8.7 59,506 8.7 Financial analysts and advisors................................... 43.92 16.2 1,698 17.9 88,290 17.9 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 40.13 3.8 1,632 5.2 84,879 5.2 Computer software engineers....................................... 48.55 2.5 2,004 2.4 104,188 2.4 Computer systems analysts......................................... 40.53 .5 1,662 .6 86,431 .6 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 31.59 8.6 1,269 8.3 65,990 8.3 Engineers......................................................... 41.96 10.9 1,692 10.5 87,960 10.5 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 32.91 14.7 1,317 14.7 68,461 14.7 Community and social services occupations........................... 20.04 12.8 760 12.3 37,543 12.3 Social workers.................................................... 18.53 9.5 711 9.0 36,168 9.0 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 20.41 18.3 764 15.3 33,957 15.3 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 20.74 20.7 789 18.3 34,605 18.3 Preschool and kindergarten teachers............................. 13.43 5.4 526 5.7 25,436 5.7 Preschool teachers, except special education.................. 13.27 5.8 521 6.1 25,155 6.1 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 26.50 9.9 1,054 9.9 54,825 9.9 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 29.07 26.3 1,126 23.1 58,550 23.1 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 14.72 4.5 559 5.1 29,086 5.1 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 11.95 .5 460 1.5 23,924 1.5 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 15.95 5.2 602 6.4 31,322 6.4 Dental assistants............................................... 19.44 4.7 696 5.2 36,205 5.2 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 10.60 8.4 407 8.1 20,736 8.1 First-line supervisors/managers, food preparation and serving workers........................................................ 18.77 5.7 785 8.4 40,836 8.4 First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers...................................................... 18.36 10.5 778 11.9 40,470 11.9 Cooks............................................................. 12.55 2.5 494 3.4 25,696 3.4 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 13.20 3.7 510 3.6 26,524 3.6 Food service, tipped.............................................. 5.76 38.3 212 40.2 10,427 40.2 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 5.60 47.6 208 48.8 10,094 48.8 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 8.67 5.6 323 3.8 16,315 3.8 Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop 8.53 5.7 317 4.1 15,978 4.1 Dishwashers....................................................... 8.92 4.4 339 1.9 17,639 1.9 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 17.32 16.5 689 16.7 33,690 16.7 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 12.61 11.1 478 12.3 24,859 12.3 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 15.08 2.9 603 2.9 24,397 2.9 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 15.08 2.9 603 2.9 24,397 2.9 Personal care and service occupations............................... 12.04 2.6 460 2.5 22,448 2.5 Child care workers................................................ 11.20 .9 445 1.4 23,056 1.4 Sales and related occupations....................................... 20.63 6.9 827 7.0 42,862 7.0 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 19.25 3.6 787 3.4 40,910 3.4 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 16.38 6.6 675 6.3 35,091 6.3 Retail sales workers.............................................. 13.16 6.9 521 7.9 26,903 7.9 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 10.16 2.9 386 5.0 20,073 5.0 Cashiers...................................................... 10.16 2.9 386 5.0 20,073 5.0 Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons................ 12.52 17.2 501 17.2 25,933 17.2 Counter and rental clerks..................................... 9.86 10.5 394 10.5 20,360 10.5 Retail salespersons............................................. 15.15 12.2 609 12.9 31,287 12.9 Insurance sales agents............................................ 27.12 7.5 1,039 5.5 54,036 5.5 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 28.31 3.6 1,148 3.7 59,709 3.7 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products...................................... 31.86 21.4 1,275 21.4 66,275 21.4 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products............................ 27.40 3.7 1,115 4.4 57,990 4.4 Miscellaneous sales and related workers........................... 30.06 7.3 1,203 7.3 62,533 7.3 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 17.05 1.8 666 2.0 34,639 2.0 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers................................................ 27.03 6.8 1,033 4.6 53,739 4.6 Financial clerks.................................................. 15.84 3.8 616 4.6 32,006 4.6 Billing and posting clerks and machine operators................ 15.36 8.0 596 8.0 31,017 8.0 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 17.66 6.2 687 5.5 35,709 5.5 Tellers......................................................... 13.64 1.9 530 3.1 27,563 3.1 Customer service representatives.................................. 16.85 7.0 656 5.6 34,127 5.6 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.97 2.0 539 3.2 28,040 3.2 Dispatchers....................................................... 18.75 5.6 787 7.5 40,930 7.5 Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance................. 18.75 5.6 787 7.5 40,930 7.5 Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................... 17.05 10.5 675 10.0 35,123 10.0 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 12.34 7.4 493 7.4 25,660 7.4 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 19.13 4.4 754 4.3 39,200 4.3 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 22.36 7.2 874 6.9 45,460 6.9 Medical secretaries............................................. 17.40 7.5 677 8.8 35,226 8.8 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 17.84 7.7 711 7.6 36,995 7.6 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 16.92 4.2 621 4.1 32,303 4.1 Office clerks, general............................................ 18.14 5.1 711 4.5 36,951 4.5 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 22.63 4.4 905 4.3 45,994 4.3 Carpenters........................................................ 23.55 11.1 942 11.1 48,979 11.1 Construction laborers............................................. 22.33 9.0 893 9.0 43,745 9.0 Construction equipment operators.................................. 35.48 12.5 1,419 12.5 72,644 12.5 Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators.. 35.48 12.5 1,419 12.5 72,644 12.5 Electricians...................................................... 20.26 8.0 815 7.5 42,391 7.5 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 21.36 3.4 855 3.4 44,201 3.4 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 21.69 13.5 868 13.5 45,120 13.5 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 21.87 14.0 875 14.0 45,485 14.0 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers..................................................... 19.09 9.2 764 9.2 39,712 9.2 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 16.36 4.5 650 4.2 33,572 4.2 Maintenance and repair workers, general......................... 16.08 6.8 643 6.8 33,154 6.8 Line installers and repairers..................................... 28.71 7.6 1,148 7.6 59,716 7.6 Production occupations.............................................. 14.80 6.7 587 6.5 30,550 6.5 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers........................................................ 26.11 19.2 1,018 20.0 52,944 20.0 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 13.41 9.7 529 9.2 27,514 9.2 Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers..... 15.95 6.2 638 6.2 33,178 6.2 Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 14.07 17.2 563 17.2 29,267 17.2 Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........................................................ 11.09 21.6 443 21.6 23,059 21.6 Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................... 15.36 17.0 614 17.0 31,948 17.0 Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................................... 14.51 21.1 581 21.1 30,190 21.1 Printers.......................................................... 16.62 12.6 656 12.7 34,098 12.7 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............. 13.09 12.0 524 12.0 27,236 12.0 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 11.31 9.4 453 9.4 23,530 9.4 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.33 3.5 564 4.4 29,241 4.4 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 15.73 5.4 632 6.1 32,846 6.1 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 17.96 10.2 733 10.6 38,103 10.6 Truck drivers, light or delivery services....................... 13.89 5.3 555 5.3 28,881 5.3 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 21.46 8.3 858 8.3 44,639 8.3 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators........... 21.46 8.3 858 8.3 44,639 8.3 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 16.45 15.5 646 15.9 33,578 15.9 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.13 8.4 484 8.6 25,163 8.6 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 13.15 9.8 526 9.8 27,349 9.8 Machine feeders and offbearers.................................. 10.74 14.5 429 14.5 22,329 14.5 Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 10.32 9.6 408 8.7 21,198 8.7 1 A classification system including about 800 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighed by hours. 3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. NOTE: Dashes indicate that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. RSE Table 16 Private industry establishments with 100 workers or more: Relative standard errors of mean hourly, weekly, and annual earnings for full-time workers Hourly earnings(2) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(1) Mean Relative Mean Relative Mean Relative error(3) error(3) error(3) All workers........................................................... $27.22 1.1% $1,075 1.3% $55,559 1.3% Management occupations.............................................. 48.86 7.2 1,965 7.9 102,156 7.9 General and operations managers................................... 59.30 19.9 2,584 18.4 134,351 18.4 Marketing and sales managers...................................... 51.51 13.5 2,106 12.6 109,537 12.6 Marketing managers.............................................. 59.89 9.3 2,442 8.7 126,993 8.7 Sales managers.................................................. 34.14 6.2 1,404 6.0 73,009 6.0 Administrative services managers.................................. 40.43 6.9 1,607 7.6 83,561 7.6 Computer and information systems managers......................... 55.53 6.8 2,204 5.4 114,587 5.4 Financial managers................................................ 54.59 4.2 2,204 6.9 114,606 6.9 Human resources managers.......................................... 47.27 33.1 2,098 27.2 109,075 27.2 Purchasing managers............................................... 28.79 17.7 1,125 17.4 58,521 17.4 Construction managers............................................. 55.46 10.4 2,394 9.8 124,464 9.8 Education administrators.......................................... 37.78 7.0 1,363 6.7 70,816 6.7 Education administrators, elementary and secondary school....... 38.72 11.6 1,425 13.3 73,339 13.3 Education administrators, postsecondary......................... 40.70 6.3 1,472 4.8 76,532 4.8 Engineering managers.............................................. 59.69 9.2 2,441 11.1 126,935 11.1 Medical and health services managers.............................. 49.88 13.0 2,051 9.3 106,671 9.3 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 34.04 2.3 1,362 3.4 70,804 3.4 Buyers and purchasing agents...................................... 35.28 4.9 1,417 6.5 73,669 6.5 Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products............... 24.83 22.5 950 21.0 49,416 21.0 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products.. 38.50 7.1 1,570 8.7 81,640 8.7 Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators........ 26.44 5.6 1,015 5.5 52,757 5.5 Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators.................. 27.03 8.5 1,038 8.6 53,960 8.6 Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 30.82 1.6 1,265 2.7 65,764 2.7 Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists............ 28.98 4.6 1,201 5.9 62,478 5.9 Training and development specialists............................ 28.64 6.5 1,149 6.4 59,751 6.4 Management analysts............................................... 41.34 4.7 1,626 5.0 84,565 5.0 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 27.08 4.9 1,043 3.9 54,229 3.9 Financial analysts and advisors................................... 42.59 13.3 1,788 9.7 92,989 9.7 Financial analysts.............................................. 41.71 13.4 1,813 2.6 94,267 2.6 Insurance underwriters.......................................... 46.36 29.4 1,756 32.2 91,325 32.2 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 38.48 1.5 1,527 1.2 79,422 1.2 Computer programmers.............................................. 31.54 8.7 1,241 8.8 64,523 8.8 Computer software engineers....................................... 44.10 4.0 1,774 3.8 92,248 3.8 Computer software engineers, applications....................... 43.24 9.3 1,758 7.9 91,402 7.9 Computer software engineers, systems software................... 44.75 2.2 1,786 2.4 92,873 2.4 Computer support specialists...................................... 32.15 4.8 1,268 4.9 65,929 4.9 Computer systems analysts......................................... 37.13 3.0 1,468 3.3 76,311 3.3 Network and computer systems administrators....................... 39.34 4.0 1,586 4.1 82,460 4.1 Network systems and data communications analysts.................. 35.43 9.7 1,367 7.5 71,069 7.5 Actuaries......................................................... 37.50 10.7 1,416 8.6 73,614 8.6 Operations research analysts...................................... 34.72 5.1 1,294 2.3 67,263 2.3 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 37.25 2.5 1,518 2.2 78,941 2.2 Engineers......................................................... 41.10 1.4 1,680 1.3 87,354 1.3 Aerospace engineers............................................. 45.25 5.3 1,831 5.2 95,216 5.2 Civil engineers................................................. 32.62 11.4 1,394 9.0 72,478 9.0 Electrical and electronics engineers............................ 41.71 4.7 1,724 3.1 89,637 3.1 Electrical engineers.......................................... 39.95 5.5 1,662 1.8 86,423 1.8 Electronics engineers, except computer........................ 42.37 5.8 1,747 4.1 90,832 4.1 Industrial engineers, including health and safety............... 37.56 5.8 1,513 5.8 78,652 5.8 Industrial engineers.......................................... 38.21 5.6 1,539 5.4 80,041 5.4 Mechanical engineers............................................ 43.25 9.2 1,741 9.0 90,512 9.0 Drafters.......................................................... 27.70 7.9 1,092 7.6 56,780 7.6 Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 24.45 6.0 974 6.0 50,664 6.0 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians............... 24.06 5.4 962 5.4 50,036 5.4 Industrial engineering technicians.............................. 25.49 11.6 1,012 11.7 52,644 11.7 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 32.12 21.7 1,264 22.3 65,461 22.3 Physical scientists............................................... 42.75 7.4 1,693 7.7 88,018 7.7 Chemists and materials scientists............................... 42.13 8.8 1,668 9.1 86,713 9.1 Materials scientists.......................................... 45.10 8.1 1,804 8.1 93,818 8.1 Market and survey researchers..................................... 46.90 20.8 1,906 20.0 99,115 20.0 Market research analysts........................................ 46.90 20.8 1,906 20.0 99,115 20.0 Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians...... 19.65 5.0 781 5.1 39,975 5.1 Community and social services occupations........................... 17.00 2.9 663 3.8 34,122 3.8 Counselors........................................................ 17.53 3.4 681 3.0 34,428 3.0 Social workers.................................................... 17.62 5.5 702 5.4 36,466 5.4 Legal occupations................................................... 60.44 8.3 2,325 5.9 120,892 5.9 Lawyers........................................................... 83.22 7.2 3,284 6.4 170,746 6.4 Paralegals and legal assistants................................... 26.12 6.5 967 12.3 50,304 12.3 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 40.51 6.3 1,555 7.6 68,997 7.6 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 54.21 1.7 2,100 4.2 89,720 4.2 Math and computer teachers, postsecondary....................... 57.01 9.6 2,188 8.4 79,560 8.4 Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary.................. 57.01 9.6 2,188 8.4 79,560 8.4 Life sciences teachers, postsecondary........................... 47.55 .8 2,101 6.2 102,752 6.2 Biological science teachers, postsecondary.................... 47.55 .8 2,101 6.2 102,752 6.2 Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary....................... 62.69 16.4 2,428 15.1 107,255 15.1 Social sciences teachers, postsecondary......................... 50.25 9.2 1,823 7.8 79,980 7.8 Arts, communications, and humanities teachers, postsecondary.... 55.77 14.3 2,011 10.9 77,718 10.9 English language and literature teachers, postsecondary....... 66.13 31.1 2,247 25.2 92,874 25.2 Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers............................ 47.38 10.7 1,765 10.9 72,170 10.9 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 18.86 16.3 735 16.8 32,904 16.8 Librarians........................................................ 27.08 18.0 1,043 16.4 52,927 16.4 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 30.75 9.5 1,189 7.8 61,527 7.8 Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers................... 29.15 5.8 1,092 7.1 53,192 7.1 Coaches and scouts.............................................. 30.66 10.4 1,042 5.9 49,337 5.9 Writers and editors............................................... 39.46 2.5 1,476 4.8 76,727 4.8 Editors......................................................... 36.23 5.6 1,287 4.6 66,914 4.6 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 29.15 3.0 1,119 3.2 58,155 3.2 Pharmacists....................................................... 45.55 2.6 1,765 3.8 91,785 3.8 Physicians and surgeons........................................... 43.85 39.4 1,756 39.2 91,307 39.2 Registered nurses................................................. 33.79 5.2 1,253 5.2 65,178 5.2 Therapists........................................................ 29.99 2.6 1,198 2.6 62,297 2.6 Respiratory therapists.......................................... 30.54 6.1 1,213 6.1 63,101 6.1 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians................. 20.44 6.2 808 6.1 42,020 6.1 Medical and clinical laboratory technologists................... 22.29 15.1 892 15.1 46,373 15.1 Medical and clinical laboratory technicians..................... 17.87 5.3 695 3.7 36,158 3.7 Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians... 19.38 12.7 771 12.4 39,648 12.4 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 23.27 4.3 894 5.7 46,505 5.7 Medical records and health information technicians................ 15.58 1.8 591 3.9 30,721 3.9 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 13.86 2.1 540 2.9 28,054 2.9 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 13.45 1.9 521 3.0 27,076 3.0 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 13.37 1.8 517 3.0 26,909 3.0 Psychiatric aides............................................... 14.00 8.8 540 4.2 28,079 4.2 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 14.93 3.7 592 3.5 30,683 3.5 Medical transcriptionists....................................... 15.91 9.1 631 9.3 32,814 9.3 Protective service occupations...................................... 15.32 6.3 611 6.4 31,790 6.4 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 13.98 7.0 559 6.9 29,053 6.9 Security guards................................................. 13.98 7.0 559 6.9 29,053 6.9 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 13.06 3.4 511 3.7 26,045 3.7 First-line supervisors/managers, food preparation and serving workers........................................................ 17.98 .6 762 4.7 37,542 4.7 First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers...................................................... 17.96 .6 762 4.8 37,500 4.8 Cooks............................................................. 15.18 6.1 595 5.5 30,639 5.5 Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................ 15.51 5.2 607 4.6 31,209 4.6 Food preparation workers.......................................... 13.55 20.5 539 20.5 28,045 20.5 Food service, tipped.............................................. 9.77 8.5 369 8.8 18,698 8.8 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 8.81 22.9 309 21.2 16,076 21.2 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 12.18 9.0 462 10.8 23,034 10.8 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food......................................................... 12.66 15.1 491 17.4 25,511 17.4 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 13.17 2.2 518 2.1 26,937 2.1 First-line supervisors/managers, building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers............................................ 19.75 1.3 787 1.4 40,934 1.4 Building cleaning workers......................................... 12.69 2.8 499 3.4 25,950 3.4 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 13.47 2.5 530 2.3 27,549 2.3 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 11.34 10.1 446 11.2 23,176 11.2 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 14.37 2.2 559 2.3 29,085 2.3 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 14.37 2.2 559 2.3 29,085 2.3 Personal care and service occupations............................... 18.61 6.7 593 5.0 29,686 5.0 Sales and related occupations....................................... 26.25 10.2 1,037 9.7 53,728 9.7 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 25.86 16.0 1,059 17.3 53,715 17.3 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 23.29 30.8 987 35.6 51,309 35.6 Retail sales workers.............................................. 12.83 2.6 499 2.5 25,861 2.5 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 10.96 3.1 425 2.9 21,820 2.9 Cashiers...................................................... 10.96 3.1 425 2.9 21,820 2.9 Retail salespersons............................................. 13.39 4.5 522 4.1 27,131 4.1 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 83.58 19.0 3,211 20.2 166,995 20.2 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 33.27 3.1 1,331 3.3 69,226 3.3 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products...................................... 38.41 7.7 1,549 9.0 80,571 9.0 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products............................ 26.29 9.2 1,041 10.4 54,117 10.4 Miscellaneous sales and related workers........................... 21.50 31.3 863 32.4 44,856 32.4 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 18.23 2.2 715 2.0 36,921 2.0 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers................................................ 31.07 1.6 1,255 1.9 65,258 1.9 Financial clerks.................................................. 17.39 1.7 682 1.4 35,464 1.4 Billing and posting clerks and machine operators................ 15.01 4.0 594 3.8 30,889 3.8 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 18.25 2.9 705 2.8 36,642 2.8 Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................................. 21.43 10.3 850 10.8 44,188 10.8 Brokerage clerks.................................................. 18.88 6.3 726 5.8 37,738 5.8 Customer service representatives.................................. 19.93 6.6 780 6.5 40,545 6.5 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.30 1.9 523 1.0 26,247 1.0 Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................... 22.00 3.9 879 4.0 45,708 4.0 Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................... 14.26 5.2 570 5.2 29,654 5.2 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 14.96 7.5 593 7.8 30,814 7.8 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 19.65 1.8 766 1.6 39,496 1.6 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 22.71 4.8 891 5.2 46,306 5.2 Medical secretaries............................................. 16.35 2.5 644 2.1 33,493 2.1 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 17.79 3.8 683 3.0 34,683 3.0 Computer operators................................................ 17.75 10.1 708 10.3 36,820 10.3 Data entry and information processing workers..................... 13.24 11.0 513 10.3 25,410 10.3 Data entry keyers............................................... 12.86 9.4 500 8.9 24,710 8.9 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 17.00 2.9 665 3.7 34,569 3.7 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 13.45 5.9 521 6.8 27,072 6.8 Office clerks, general............................................ 17.13 8.4 664 8.2 34,535 8.2 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 30.68 4.8 1,227 4.7 63,774 4.7 Electricians...................................................... 29.68 8.9 1,187 8.9 61,735 8.9 Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............... 32.25 6.0 1,289 6.0 67,042 6.0 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................... 32.25 6.0 1,289 6.0 67,042 6.0 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 24.09 2.3 965 2.3 50,191 2.3 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers...................................................... 31.30 2.5 1,247 2.2 64,822 2.2 Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers... 29.23 1.2 1,167 1.3 60,667 1.3 Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers.............................................. 29.23 1.2 1,167 1.3 60,667 1.3 Aircraft mechanics and service technicians........................ 28.60 3.4 1,144 3.4 59,491 3.4 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers..................................................... 26.81 1.9 1,072 1.9 55,758 1.9 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 20.64 3.3 818 3.7 42,537 3.7 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 22.74 7.5 902 7.0 46,902 7.0 Maintenance and repair workers, general......................... 20.42 4.3 804 5.0 41,826 5.0 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 17.49 6.7 700 6.7 36,384 6.7 Line installers and repairers..................................... 24.26 6.2 971 6.2 50,466 6.2 Electrical power-line installers and repairers.................. 30.54 3.3 1,221 3.3 63,517 3.3 Telecommunications line installers and repairers................ 22.38 8.3 895 8.3 46,553 8.3 Production occupations.............................................. 15.83 5.9 632 5.9 32,880 5.9 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers........................................................ 25.41 5.0 1,035 4.8 53,841 4.8 Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers......... 15.55 7.5 622 7.5 32,344 7.5 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers.................. 17.64 5.6 706 5.6 36,700 5.6 Electromechanical equipment assemblers.......................... 13.47 3.8 539 3.8 28,020 3.8 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 11.94 5.1 477 5.1 24,829 5.1 Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers..... 17.82 14.8 713 14.8 37,064 14.8 Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic... 12.29 10.3 491 10.3 25,557 10.3 Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........................................................ 18.52 8.8 741 8.8 38,515 8.8 Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................................... 14.99 8.1 599 8.1 31,170 8.1 Machinists........................................................ 24.73 4.6 989 4.6 51,429 4.6 Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................... 12.98 6.1 519 6.1 26,990 6.1 Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................................... 12.98 6.1 519 6.1 26,990 6.1 Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........................................................ 12.13 6.7 485 6.7 25,230 6.7 Tool and die makers............................................... 24.06 3.6 962 3.6 50,045 3.6 Welding, soldering, and brazing workers........................... 18.87 3.8 755 3.8 39,243 3.8 Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers........................ 19.08 4.1 763 4.1 39,681 4.1 Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic workers.................... 16.25 3.6 650 3.6 33,792 3.6 Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............................................ 17.35 2.5 694 2.5 36,087 2.5 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............. 17.11 5.1 688 5.5 35,782 5.5 Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............... 12.18 4.9 487 4.9 25,332 4.9 Painting workers.................................................. 16.57 5.6 663 5.6 34,460 5.6 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 12.91 14.5 510 13.4 26,507 13.4 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.57 7.6 577 7.0 29,992 7.0 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 18.01 11.9 715 11.3 37,148 11.3 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 21.96 3.3 856 4.4 44,385 4.4 Truck drivers, light or delivery services....................... 15.92 19.0 638 19.0 33,189 19.0 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 16.37 6.1 648 6.5 33,694 6.5 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.24 5.6 448 5.4 23,293 5.4 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 11.72 8.5 466 8.2 24,257 8.2 Machine feeders and offbearers.................................. 11.46 20.0 456 20.0 23,702 20.0 Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 9.89 5.4 396 5.4 20,570 5.4 1 A classification system including about 800 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighed by hours. 3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. NOTE: Dashes indicate that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. RSE Table 17 Union and nonunion workers: Relative standard errors(1) of mean hourly earnings(2) by major sector and for major occupational groups Union Nonunion Occupational group(3) Private State and Private State and Civilian industry local Civilian industry local workers workers government workers workers government workers workers All workers........................................................... 2.3% 2.9% 3.6% 2.2% 2.3% 10.2% Management, professional, and related............................... 4.2 3.9 4.9 2.3 2.4 8.5 Management, business, and financial............................... 7.1 – 7.1 4.3 4.5 6.9 Professional and related.......................................... 4.0 3.8 4.8 1.3 1.3 10.3 Service............................................................. 5.5 4.0 5.0 1.0 .9 3.7 Sales and office.................................................... 5.8 8.6 5.0 2.2 2.3 9.4 Sales and related................................................. 7.9 9.2 – 3.6 3.6 – Office and administrative support................................. 3.9 5.7 4.8 1.8 1.8 5.5 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 3.0 3.6 3.3 1.9 1.8 15.3 Construction and extraction...................................... 3.3 3.6 3.5 2.4 2.4 17.7 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 4.5 6.2 4.6 1.8 1.8 – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 3.2 3.5 9.2 3.2 3.2 8.8 Production........................................................ 5.4 5.7 15.8 4.6 4.6 – Transportation and material moving................................ 6.2 8.1 8.2 1.9 2.0 11.7 1 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighed by hours. 3 A classification system including about 800 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. NOTE: Dashes indicate that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. RSE Table 19 Private industry sector(1): Relative standard errors(2) of mean hourly earnings(3) for major occupational groups Goods producing Service providing Trade, Profes- Education Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Leisure Other Occupational group(4) tion turing tation, mation activities business health and services and services services hospitality utilities Relative error(5) All workers........................................................... 2.3% 5.4% 7.9% – – – 3.7% – 10.4% Management, professional, and related............................... 6.5 4.5 14.4 – – – 4.3 – 6.5 Management, business, and financial............................... 5.7 4.1 11.6 – – – 9.8 – 17.1 Professional and related.......................................... 4.1 5.5 17.2 – – – 3.6 – 9.7 Service............................................................. – 13.2 6.1 – – – 1.2 – 6.0 Sales and office.................................................... 12.8 3.3 4.8 – – – 3.7 – 11.2 Sales and related................................................. – 9.1 4.1 – – – 16.8 – 12.2 Office and administrative support................................. 8.2 2.5 7.1 – – – 3.3 – 11.5 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 2.9 3.9 6.3 – – – 6.2 – 5.3 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 5.3 4.6 5.9 – – – 6.7 – 5.3 Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 9.5 3.0 5.2 – – – 3.3 – 17.8 Production........................................................ – 3.2 18.3 – – – – – – Transportation and material moving................................ 5.3 6.1 3.4 – – – 1.5 – – 1 Industry sectors are determined by the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighed by hours. 4 A classification system including about 800 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. RSE Table 20 Civilian full-time workers in hospitals: Relative standard errors of mean hourly, weekly, and annual earnings by work levels Hourly earnings(2) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation and work level(1) Mean Relative Mean Relative Mean Relative error(3) error(3) error(3) All workers........................................................... $24.08 1.5% $944 1.8% $49,094 1.8% Level 1 .................................................. 10.12 8.3 403 7.8 20,950 7.8 Level 2 .................................................. 13.03 5.1 521 5.1 27,016 5.1 Level 3 .................................................. 14.40 1.7 573 1.6 29,800 1.6 Level 4 .................................................. 15.99 3.7 616 5.0 32,041 5.0 Level 5 .................................................. 18.53 2.3 741 2.3 38,506 2.3 Level 6 .................................................. 21.45 5.3 824 6.6 42,827 6.6 Level 7 .................................................. 26.07 4.7 1,028 4.9 53,461 4.9 Level 8 .................................................. 33.19 2.3 1,275 2.5 66,295 2.5 Level 9 .................................................. 33.80 3.8 1,309 1.9 67,957 1.9 Level 10.................................................. 34.07 5.3 1,370 5.5 71,250 5.5 Level 11.................................................. 39.81 8.6 1,592 8.6 82,803 8.6 Not able to be leveled.................................... 26.81 22.0 1,051 22.8 54,660 22.8 Management occupations.............................................. 36.46 12.7 1,500 12.4 77,974 12.4 Not able to be leveled.................................... 47.97 25.4 1,868 26.5 97,128 26.5 Medical and health services managers.............................. 38.77 18.4 1,530 18.6 79,577 18.6 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 24.53 13.0 962 13.6 50,034 13.6 Computer and mathematical science occupations Computer systems analysts......................................... 39.82 4.0 1,593 4.0 82,821 4.0 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 25.91 26.2 1,036 26.2 53,883 26.2 Community and social services occupations........................... 24.13 8.7 951 10.1 49,324 10.1 Social workers.................................................... 27.43 8.9 1,097 8.9 56,709 8.9 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 31.96 2.5 1,230 3.0 63,976 3.0 Level 4 .................................................. 17.32 7.5 647 10.2 33,620 10.2 Level 5 .................................................. 22.64 3.6 903 3.6 46,945 3.6 Level 7 .................................................. 29.33 4.4 1,155 4.5 60,055 4.5 Level 8 .................................................. 35.76 4.0 1,359 4.2 70,680 4.2 Level 9 .................................................. 34.98 4.3 1,318 3.8 68,540 3.8 Level 10.................................................. 30.84 10.7 1,244 11.0 64,671 11.0 Level 11.................................................. 48.37 5.3 1,935 5.3 100,599 5.3 Not able to be leveled.................................... 34.13 12.5 1,303 14.4 67,756 14.4 Pharmacists....................................................... 45.57 2.9 1,823 2.9 94,777 2.9 Physicians and surgeons........................................... 33.77 17.4 1,359 17.2 70,654 17.2 Not able to be leveled.................................... 39.06 18.1 1,562 18.1 81,249 18.1 Registered nurses................................................. 35.17 3.5 1,328 3.0 69,061 3.0 Level 7 .................................................. 29.80 5.4 1,166 5.5 60,636 5.5 Level 8 .................................................. 36.56 4.6 1,367 4.8 71,071 4.8 Level 9 .................................................. 34.75 5.0 1,301 4.0 67,658 4.0 Not able to be leveled.................................... 33.65 7.5 1,215 10.4 63,172 10.4 Therapists........................................................ 29.91 3.5 1,194 3.5 62,092 3.5 Level 7 .................................................. 27.92 5.6 1,116 5.6 58,025 5.6 Level 8 .................................................. 31.62 2.0 1,265 2.0 65,768 2.0 Physical therapists............................................. 31.08 2.2 1,243 2.2 64,654 2.2 Respiratory therapists.......................................... 30.54 6.1 1,213 6.1 63,101 6.1 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians................. 22.00 9.5 843 10.3 43,826 10.3 Level 5 .................................................. 19.92 4.2 796 4.3 41,393 4.3 Medical and clinical laboratory technologists................... 28.89 3.8 1,156 3.8 60,090 3.8 Medical and clinical laboratory technicians..................... 18.90 10.8 710 7.8 36,940 7.8 Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians... 20.01 9.6 800 9.6 41,624 9.6 Level 5 .................................................. 21.18 1.8 847 1.8 44,056 1.8 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 14.88 1.4 580 2.4 30,141 2.4 Level 2 .................................................. 13.20 1.6 527 1.5 27,036 1.5 Level 3 .................................................. 14.80 1.6 589 1.7 30,628 1.7 Level 4 .................................................. 15.10 2.6 574 4.6 29,849 4.6 Not able to be leveled.................................... 15.21 2.5 608 2.5 31,638 2.5 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 14.55 1.1 563 2.3 29,302 2.3 Level 2 .................................................. 13.25 1.9 529 1.7 27,517 1.7 Level 3 .................................................. 14.76 1.9 587 2.1 30,525 2.1 Level 4 .................................................. 14.63 2.4 547 4.1 28,447 4.1 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 14.71 2.8 567 4.4 29,460 4.4 Level 2 .................................................. 13.09 2.5 522 2.1 27,155 2.1 Level 3 .................................................. 15.02 2.7 595 3.2 30,930 3.2 Level 4 .................................................. 14.43 2.4 537 4.2 27,932 4.2 Psychiatric aides............................................... 14.20 5.2 557 3.5 28,941 3.5 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 15.85 1.3 632 1.4 32,647 1.4 Level 4 .................................................. 16.27 3.3 645 3.4 33,556 3.4 Medical transcriptionists....................................... 17.17 5.1 679 5.3 35,287 5.3 Level 4 .................................................. 17.19 5.4 679 5.7 35,292 5.7 Protective service occupations...................................... 15.32 2.4 613 2.4 31,856 2.4 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 15.32 2.4 613 2.4 31,856 2.4 Security guards................................................. 15.32 2.4 613 2.4 31,856 2.4 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 13.97 11.9 559 11.9 29,050 11.9 Level 3 .................................................. 13.94 5.2 558 5.2 28,997 5.2 Cooks............................................................. 16.47 7.9 659 7.9 34,262 7.9 Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................ 16.47 7.9 659 7.9 34,262 7.9 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 13.94 11.8 556 11.9 28,897 11.9 Level 2 .................................................. 12.83 4.5 513 4.5 26,679 4.5 Building cleaning workers......................................... 12.83 4.5 511 4.7 26,594 4.7 Level 2 .................................................. 12.83 4.5 513 4.5 26,679 4.5 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 13.38 3.9 535 3.9 27,833 3.9 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 12.25 7.2 487 7.6 25,315 7.6 Level 2 .................................................. 13.06 7.5 522 7.5 27,167 7.5 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.84 3.0 627 3.0 32,588 3.0 Level 2 .................................................. 11.76 5.0 470 5.0 24,458 5.0 Level 3 .................................................. 14.46 2.6 573 2.0 29,788 2.0 Level 4 .................................................. 16.13 3.5 628 4.0 32,681 4.0 Level 5 .................................................. 17.31 3.7 692 3.7 36,007 3.7 Level 6 .................................................. 20.57 9.4 823 9.4 42,782 9.4 Financial clerks.................................................. 16.97 2.6 678 2.6 35,244 2.6 Level 4 .................................................. 16.76 5.0 670 5.0 34,860 5.0 Billing and posting clerks and machine operators................ 16.29 3.9 650 3.9 33,812 3.9 Level 4 .................................................. 16.34 5.6 654 5.6 33,988 5.6 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 12.84 5.0 514 5.0 26,713 5.0 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 17.35 4.2 685 3.8 35,642 3.8 Level 4 .................................................. 16.45 1.0 639 1.9 33,231 1.9 Level 5 .................................................. 17.61 4.4 704 4.4 36,623 4.4 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 18.81 12.5 752 12.5 39,128 12.5 Medical secretaries............................................. 16.69 2.2 656 1.8 34,107 1.8 Level 4 .................................................. 16.46 1.1 639 1.9 33,242 1.9 1 A classification system including about 800 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighed by hours. 3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. NOTE: Dashes indicate that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. RSE Table 21 Civilian supervisory workers: Relative standard errors of mean weekly and annual earnings for selected management occupations Weekly(2) Annual(4) Occupation(1) Mean Relative Mean Relative earnings error(3) earnings error(3) Management occupations Team leader............................................... $1,473 10.4% $76,399 10.4% First line................................................ 1,650 10.2 85,701 10.2 Second line............................................... 2,428 6.9 126,232 6.9 Third line................................................ 3,109 20.4 161,645 20.4 General and operations managers First line................................................ 2,057 8.5 106,964 8.5 Second line............................................... 2,915 8.9 151,596 8.9 Marketing managers First line................................................ 2,330 2.8 121,169 2.8 Sales managers First line................................................ 2,059 5.6 107,062 5.6 Computer and information systems managers Team leader............................................... 2,349 16.5 122,131 16.5 First line................................................ 2,204 4.0 114,597 4.0 Financial managers Team leader............................................... 1,235 9.0 64,236 9.0 First line................................................ 1,579 10.0 82,095 10.0 Education administrators, elementary and secondary school Team leader............................................... 1,705 14.0 85,644 14.0 First line................................................ 1,676 6.0 82,340 6.0 Education administrators, postsecondary Team leader............................................... 1,371 17.4 71,269 17.4 First line................................................ 1,511 5.8 78,597 5.8 Engineering managers First line................................................ 2,400 19.5 124,808 19.5 Medical and health services managers First line................................................ 1,933 9.2 100,511 9.2 Social and community service managers First line................................................ 780 13.3 40,569 13.3 1 A classification system including about 800 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 2 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. 3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 4 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. NOTE: Dashes indicate that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.