NC BL 06/00/2009 Table: Richmond, VA, Bulletin, October 2008 Table 1. Summary: Mean hourly earnings(1) and weekly hours for selected worker and establishment characteristics, Richmond, VA, October 2008 Civilian Private industry State and local government workers workers workers Hourly earnings Hourly earnings Hourly earnings Worker and establishment characteristics Mean Mean Mean weekly weekly weekly Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3) (percen- (percen- (percen- t) t) t) All workers........................................................... $20.10 3.0 36.0 $19.76 3.6 35.6 $21.85 3.4 38.5 Worker characteristics(4)(5) Management, professional, and related............................... 30.90 3.2 37.0 32.40 3.9 36.4 27.01 4.0 38.6 Management, business, and financial............................... 36.06 6.5 39.9 37.38 7.4 39.9 29.19 13.3 40.0 Professional and related.......................................... 28.08 3.4 35.6 28.93 4.3 34.4 26.45 4.5 38.3 Service............................................................. 11.12 5.1 32.7 9.93 5.2 31.7 17.34 9.6 39.1 Sales and office.................................................... 17.14 6.7 35.4 17.23 7.7 35.0 16.61 2.2 38.3 Sales and related................................................. 19.04 17.6 32.8 19.27 18.0 32.7 – – – Office and administrative support................................. 16.14 1.6 37.0 15.94 1.9 36.6 16.97 1.9 38.7 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 18.57 4.7 40.1 18.73 5.1 40.1 17.26 5.7 40.0 Construction and extraction...................................... 16.90 11.6 40.0 16.99 13.3 40.0 16.33 8.4 40.0 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 20.74 3.9 40.3 20.81 4.2 40.3 – – – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 16.20 4.9 37.1 16.21 5.1 37.3 15.94 7.6 33.1 Production........................................................ 17.73 7.3 39.3 17.69 7.5 39.3 – – – Transportation and material moving................................ 14.53 4.8 35.0 14.59 5.0 35.3 13.26 9.8 29.1 Full time........................................................... 21.36 2.9 39.8 21.18 3.5 39.8 22.19 3.2 39.6 Part time........................................................... 10.89 2.7 21.4 10.77 2.8 21.4 13.10 6.6 22.1 Union............................................................... 20.93 3.5 38.7 21.04 3.8 38.5 – – – Nonunion............................................................ 20.06 3.2 35.9 19.68 3.9 35.4 21.91 3.3 38.5 Time................................................................ 19.42 2.1 35.7 18.88 2.5 35.2 21.85 3.4 38.5 Incentive........................................................... 26.61 14.1 39.6 26.61 14.1 39.6 – – – Establishment characteristics Goods producing..................................................... (6) (6) (6) 20.38 2.4 39.8 (6) (6) (6) Service providing................................................... (6) (6) (6) 19.62 4.4 34.8 (6) (6) (6) 1-99 workers........................................................ 17.67 5.2 35.0 17.66 5.4 34.9 – – – 100-499 workers..................................................... 20.88 11.6 35.8 21.34 14.0 35.3 19.02 10.0 38.0 500 workers or more................................................. 23.79 3.0 38.2 24.01 4.5 37.9 23.43 2.6 38.8 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 3 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 5 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 6 Estimates for goods-producing and service-providing industries are published for private industry only. Industries are determined by the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Richmond, VA, October 2008 Total Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupation(4) and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All workers........................................................... $20.10 3.0 $21.36 2.9 $10.89 2.7 Management occupations.............................................. 40.55 7.9 40.57 7.9 – – Level 11.................................................. 38.14 3.9 38.14 3.9 – – Level 13.................................................. 67.32 3.5 67.32 3.5 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 44.50 11.9 44.55 11.9 – – General and operations managers................................... 48.10 17.8 – – – – Financial managers................................................ 41.62 13.6 41.62 13.6 – – Business and financial operations occupations....................... 29.97 7.3 29.96 7.4 – – Level 7 .................................................. 21.29 2.2 21.29 2.2 – – Level 8 .................................................. 27.72 13.0 27.72 13.0 – – Level 9 .................................................. 31.76 4.0 31.76 4.1 – – Level 10.................................................. 32.78 6.5 32.78 6.5 – – Level 11.................................................. 53.93 24.7 53.93 24.7 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 25.78 8.2 25.73 8.3 – – Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 24.07 13.9 24.07 13.9 – – Management analysts............................................... 26.40 12.2 26.40 12.2 – – Accountants and auditors.......................................... 27.96 7.9 27.96 7.9 – – Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.54 6.1 34.54 6.1 – – Level 9 .................................................. 33.44 4.2 33.44 4.2 – – Level 11.................................................. 40.58 4.2 40.58 4.2 – – Computer software engineers....................................... 39.93 4.0 39.93 4.0 – – Computer support specialists...................................... 24.05 7.7 24.05 7.7 – – Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.79 12.1 41.79 12.1 – – Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 39.91 13.7 39.91 13.7 – – Engineers......................................................... 47.01 10.7 47.01 10.7 – – Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 25.91 4.2 25.32 2.8 – – Community and social services occupations........................... 21.14 7.7 21.13 8.0 – – Level 7 .................................................. 19.98 2.1 19.98 2.1 – – Counselors........................................................ 23.17 11.5 23.17 11.5 – – Legal occupations................................................... 30.43 11.9 30.65 12.5 – – Paralegals and legal assistants................................... 21.74 4.7 21.80 5.0 – – Education, training, and library occupations........................ 27.57 2.6 28.09 2.0 15.05 16.9 Level 9 .................................................. 29.79 .9 29.79 .9 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 27.56 10.3 29.02 9.9 – – Postsecondary teachers............................................ 29.45 9.9 29.40 10.0 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 29.06 9.7 29.02 9.9 – – Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 29.08 1.6 29.26 1.7 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.79 .9 29.79 .9 – – Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 29.13 4.4 29.38 5.0 – – Level 9 .................................................. 30.73 3.2 30.73 3.2 – – Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 28.75 4.4 29.04 4.8 – – Level 9 .................................................. 30.56 2.0 30.56 2.0 – – Secondary school teachers....................................... 29.66 .8 29.84 .5 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.84 .5 29.84 .5 – – Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 29.66 .8 29.84 .5 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.84 .5 29.84 .5 – – Special education teachers...................................... 28.00 1.0 28.00 1.0 – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.00 1.0 28.00 1.0 – – Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 23.16 6.3 21.49 6.9 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 23.08 6.8 – – – – Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 25.31 8.6 25.29 11.1 25.38 6.4 Level 6 .................................................. 22.18 6.8 22.42 13.6 – – Level 7 .................................................. 20.43 8.7 – – – – Level 8 .................................................. 33.39 9.2 34.42 9.2 – – Level 9 .................................................. 30.32 5.3 30.69 6.2 – – Registered nurses................................................. 29.06 4.7 29.06 5.4 29.06 3.8 Level 9 .................................................. 29.86 5.5 29.99 6.3 – – Therapists........................................................ 31.45 10.9 – – – – Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians... 16.37 22.8 – – – – Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 19.37 5.9 18.79 4.4 – – Level 6 .................................................. 20.22 9.5 – – – – Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.85 15.2 13.69 14.1 9.80 8.7 Level 3 .................................................. 11.03 6.7 11.53 3.3 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.35 16.5 – – – – Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 11.31 4.2 11.84 .4 9.79 10.3 Level 3 .................................................. 10.76 5.4 11.33 .9 – – Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 12.02 1.1 12.08 1.5 – – Level 3 .................................................. 11.42 .8 11.48 .9 – – Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 14.75 22.0 15.56 20.8 – – Protective service occupations...................................... 17.35 11.4 17.64 11.4 – – Level 3 .................................................. 9.78 2.7 9.89 3.5 – – Police officers................................................... 22.81 8.2 22.81 8.2 – – Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.81 8.2 22.81 8.2 – – Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 11.16 3.0 11.32 3.2 – – Level 3 .................................................. 9.78 2.7 9.89 3.5 – – Security guards................................................. 11.16 3.0 11.32 3.2 – – Level 3 .................................................. 9.78 2.7 9.89 3.5 – – Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.93 2.5 8.98 4.4 6.28 12.7 Level 1 .................................................. 6.80 5.2 6.90 15.1 6.73 12.2 Level 2 .................................................. 7.41 8.1 8.64 6.4 4.97 19.2 Level 3 .................................................. 9.92 6.9 10.69 5.3 – – Cooks............................................................. 9.91 6.8 10.76 4.0 – – Level 3 .................................................. 10.06 4.0 – – – – Cooks, restaurant............................................... 10.27 .4 10.32 3.5 – – Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.06 10.8 7.25 26.0 4.14 31.2 Level 1 .................................................. 5.39 23.6 – – 5.62 35.1 Level 2 .................................................. 3.81 26.9 – – – – Bartenders...................................................... 9.10 14.3 – – – – Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.23 4.8 – – 2.31 3.4 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers...... 7.47 6.1 – – – – Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.30 4.5 8.53 9.3 5.94 11.9 Level 1 .................................................. 7.30 2.1 – – – – Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 6.96 2.2 7.96 7.4 5.93 12.9 Level 1 .................................................. 7.34 1.7 – – – – Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.65 8.1 11.79 8.5 – – Level 1 .................................................. 10.65 4.4 – – – – Level 2 .................................................. 9.83 1.7 9.86 1.9 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.22 5.7 12.45 6.0 – – Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.80 3.8 10.87 3.8 – – Level 1 .................................................. 10.62 5.4 – – – – Level 2 .................................................. 9.77 2.9 9.77 2.9 – – Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.73 3.2 11.80 3.4 – – Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 9.37 1.4 – – – – Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.93 5.7 11.03 5.9 – – Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 10.93 6.1 11.03 5.9 – – Personal care and service occupations............................... 9.46 15.3 – – 8.51 9.3 Sales and related occupations....................................... 19.04 17.6 22.55 19.0 8.93 2.1 Level 1 .................................................. 7.73 4.5 – – 7.69 5.2 Level 2 .................................................. 8.48 3.0 – – 8.43 3.8 Level 3 .................................................. 10.74 11.6 10.99 13.4 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.43 5.6 15.76 5.5 – – Level 5 .................................................. 17.99 16.1 17.99 16.1 – – Level 6 .................................................. 21.70 28.1 21.70 28.1 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... – – 13.37 9.1 – – First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 28.77 17.2 28.77 17.2 – – First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 28.23 21.5 28.23 21.5 – – Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.71 4.3 13.92 6.9 8.93 2.2 Level 1 .................................................. 7.65 4.1 – – 7.58 4.5 Level 2 .................................................. 8.48 3.0 – – 8.43 3.8 Level 3 .................................................. 11.57 12.6 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.37 6.4 15.97 4.5 – – Cashiers, all workers........................................... 9.31 5.9 11.01 10.1 8.39 4.9 Level 2 .................................................. 8.48 5.9 – – 8.42 7.5 Level 3 .................................................. 11.27 13.6 – – – – Cashiers...................................................... 9.31 5.9 11.01 10.1 8.39 4.9 Level 2 .................................................. 8.48 5.9 – – 8.42 7.5 Level 3 .................................................. 11.27 13.6 – – – – Retail salespersons............................................. 12.83 5.9 14.42 7.0 9.53 8.8 Level 2 .................................................. 8.49 4.2 – – 8.45 5.3 Level 4 .................................................. 14.66 6.2 15.22 3.8 – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 22.28 11.3 22.28 11.3 – – Office and administrative support occupations....................... 16.14 1.6 16.64 1.7 11.98 4.1 Level 2 .................................................. 10.11 7.2 – – 10.60 8.8 Level 3 .................................................. 13.02 3.9 13.22 4.4 11.46 5.8 Level 4 .................................................. 15.72 3.6 15.90 3.8 – – Level 5 .................................................. 18.37 4.8 18.37 4.8 – – Level 6 .................................................. 20.59 4.0 20.59 4.2 – – Level 7 .................................................. 22.70 4.5 22.70 4.5 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 15.61 2.6 16.32 2.3 11.86 9.5 Financial clerks.................................................. 16.00 8.9 16.59 9.2 11.98 3.1 Level 3 .................................................. 11.88 3.5 12.28 3.2 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.19 10.0 15.76 12.1 – – Level 5 .................................................. 18.24 9.4 – – – – Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 18.00 11.5 18.48 11.3 – – Level 4 .................................................. 17.80 13.9 – – – – Tellers......................................................... 11.65 1.3 – – – – Customer service representatives.................................. 16.11 6.5 16.45 6.5 – – Level 4 .................................................. 16.40 6.4 16.48 6.4 – – Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 14.45 11.8 15.14 11.9 – – Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 10.44 7.5 – – 8.38 1.6 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 18.62 5.8 19.29 5.2 – – Level 4 .................................................. 14.07 2.1 14.32 1.9 – – Level 5 .................................................. 17.20 8.2 17.20 8.2 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 19.10 13.9 20.49 10.9 – – Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 18.96 7.6 19.59 7.5 – – Level 4 .................................................. 14.07 2.5 – – – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 23.74 9.1 23.74 9.1 – – Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.81 1.2 15.81 1.2 – – Office clerks, general............................................ 15.55 3.8 15.88 4.1 – – Level 3 .................................................. 13.00 3.3 13.17 3.4 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.56 7.4 15.56 7.4 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 15.65 4.7 – – – – Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.90 11.6 16.90 11.6 – – Level 4 .................................................. 14.40 9.5 14.40 9.5 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.74 3.9 20.74 3.9 – – Level 5 .................................................. 18.46 4.8 18.46 4.8 – – Level 6 .................................................. 24.62 7.3 24.62 7.3 – – Level 7 .................................................. 23.27 2.9 23.27 2.9 – – Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 21.69 8.3 21.69 8.3 – – Level 5 .................................................. 20.00 11.3 20.00 11.3 – – Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 21.49 9.6 21.49 9.6 – – Level 5 .................................................. 20.00 11.3 20.00 11.3 – – Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 18.62 14.7 18.62 14.7 – – Production occupations.............................................. 17.73 7.3 17.88 7.3 – – Level 2 .................................................. 11.87 2.8 12.06 2.5 – – Level 3 .................................................. 14.15 7.0 14.04 7.4 – – Level 4 .................................................. 21.79 .6 21.79 .6 – – Level 5 .................................................. 18.96 3.4 18.96 3.4 – – Level 7 .................................................. 25.25 12.6 25.25 12.6 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 19.17 13.2 19.17 13.2 – – First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 30.33 12.5 30.33 12.5 – – Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.77 15.2 14.86 15.6 – – Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.53 4.8 15.77 5.0 10.46 5.2 Level 1 .................................................. 8.93 6.5 – – 8.22 8.9 Level 2 .................................................. 12.37 8.3 12.67 8.4 11.00 11.1 Level 3 .................................................. 13.26 4.7 13.76 5.3 – – Level 4 .................................................. 17.42 3.9 17.42 3.9 – – Level 5 .................................................. 16.92 13.6 16.92 13.6 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 13.81 10.2 16.22 4.3 – – Bus drivers....................................................... 14.68 7.0 – – – – Bus drivers, school............................................. 14.68 7.0 – – – – Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 15.27 7.4 16.10 7.5 – – Level 5 .................................................. 16.22 15.7 16.22 15.7 – – Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 16.37 10.8 16.41 10.7 – – Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.43 11.6 12.43 11.6 – – Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators........... 12.22 10.5 12.22 10.5 – – Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.43 6.3 14.77 6.8 – – Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.51 7.9 12.14 10.6 10.62 4.8 Level 1 .................................................. 9.75 6.3 – – 9.75 5.2 Level 2 .................................................. 13.22 13.6 13.75 13.1 11.44 14.7 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.12 9.6 13.53 10.7 10.29 9.0 Level 1 .................................................. 11.06 5.8 – – 9.97 8.0 Level 2 .................................................. 13.42 16.3 – – – – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information. 4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Richmond, VA, October 2008 Total Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupation(4) and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All workers........................................................... $19.76 3.6 $21.18 3.5 $10.77 2.8 Management occupations.............................................. 40.50 8.6 40.52 8.6 – – Level 11.................................................. 39.44 2.9 39.44 2.9 – – Level 13.................................................. 67.32 3.5 67.32 3.5 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 44.95 12.8 45.00 12.9 – – Financial managers................................................ 40.22 15.3 40.22 15.3 – – Business and financial operations occupations....................... 32.22 8.6 32.23 8.7 – – Level 9 .................................................. 32.61 4.1 32.65 4.3 – – Level 11.................................................. 53.93 24.7 53.93 24.7 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 26.76 9.3 26.71 9.4 – – Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 25.14 17.4 25.14 17.4 – – Management analysts............................................... 28.41 12.4 28.41 12.4 – – Accountants and auditors.......................................... 29.02 11.0 29.02 11.0 – – Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.68 7.7 34.68 7.7 – – Level 11.................................................. 42.31 2.2 42.31 2.2 – – Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.79 12.1 41.79 12.1 – – Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 43.20 14.6 43.20 14.6 – – Engineers......................................................... 49.84 8.7 49.84 8.7 – – Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 26.60 3.9 – – – – Community and social services occupations........................... 20.61 9.0 20.50 10.0 – – Legal occupations................................................... 30.59 12.7 30.83 13.5 – – Paralegals and legal assistants................................... 21.85 4.8 – – – – Education, training, and library occupations........................ 25.26 7.9 25.29 8.6 – – Postsecondary teachers............................................ 34.01 3.2 34.01 3.2 – – Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 24.26 7.4 22.27 9.3 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 25.42 7.1 – – – – Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 25.40 9.3 25.43 12.4 25.26 6.5 Level 6 .................................................. 22.36 7.1 22.68 14.5 – – Level 8 .................................................. 33.39 9.2 34.42 9.2 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.89 5.9 30.16 7.1 – – Registered nurses................................................. 28.94 5.4 28.98 6.3 28.82 4.1 Level 9 .................................................. 29.97 6.0 30.16 7.1 – – Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 19.46 6.4 18.85 4.9 – – Level 6 .................................................. 20.44 10.2 – – – – Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.85 15.3 13.69 14.1 9.70 8.7 Level 3 .................................................. 11.03 6.7 11.53 3.3 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.39 16.7 – – – – Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 11.29 4.3 11.84 .4 9.67 10.5 Level 3 .................................................. 10.76 5.4 11.33 .9 – – Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 12.01 1.1 12.08 1.5 – – Level 3 .................................................. 11.42 .8 11.48 .9 – – Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 14.75 22.0 15.56 20.8 – – Protective service occupations...................................... 12.82 10.6 13.12 11.3 – – Level 3 .................................................. 9.78 2.7 9.89 3.5 – – Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 11.04 3.2 11.20 3.4 – – Level 3 .................................................. 9.78 2.7 9.89 3.5 – – Security guards................................................. 11.04 3.2 11.20 3.4 – – Level 3 .................................................. 9.78 2.7 9.89 3.5 – – Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.90 2.6 8.95 4.5 6.28 12.7 Level 1 .................................................. 6.80 5.2 6.90 15.1 6.73 12.2 Level 2 .................................................. 7.39 8.2 8.61 6.5 4.97 19.2 Level 3 .................................................. 9.92 7.3 10.74 5.6 – – Cooks............................................................. 9.91 6.8 10.76 4.0 – – Level 3 .................................................. 10.06 4.0 – – – – Cooks, restaurant............................................... 10.27 .4 10.32 3.5 – – Food service, tipped.............................................. 5.97 11.2 7.15 26.9 4.14 31.2 Level 1 .................................................. 5.39 23.6 – – 5.62 35.1 Level 2 .................................................. 3.58 29.6 – – – – Bartenders...................................................... 9.10 14.3 – – – – Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.23 4.8 – – 2.31 3.4 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.23 4.6 8.46 9.6 5.94 11.9 Level 1 .................................................. 7.30 2.1 – – – – Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 6.89 2.4 – – 5.93 12.9 Level 1 .................................................. 7.34 1.7 – – – – Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.06 10.7 12.23 11.4 – – Level 1 .................................................. 10.65 4.4 – – – – Level 2 .................................................. 9.95 1.9 – – – – Building cleaning workers......................................... 11.23 4.1 11.31 4.3 – – Level 1 .................................................. 10.62 5.4 – – – – Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.91 4.1 12.03 4.3 – – Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.67 6.1 – – – – Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 10.66 6.6 – – – – Personal care and service occupations............................... 9.48 16.4 – – 8.44 10.3 Sales and related occupations....................................... 19.27 18.0 22.95 19.3 8.89 2.1 Level 1 .................................................. 7.73 4.5 – – 7.69 5.2 Level 2 .................................................. 8.48 3.0 – – 8.43 3.8 Level 3 .................................................. 9.73 13.8 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.43 5.6 15.76 5.5 – – Level 5 .................................................. 17.99 16.1 17.99 16.1 – – Level 6 .................................................. 21.70 28.1 21.70 28.1 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... – – 13.37 9.1 – – First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 28.77 17.2 28.77 17.2 – – First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 28.23 21.5 28.23 21.5 – – Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.65 4.6 14.03 7.5 8.89 2.2 Level 1 .................................................. 7.65 4.1 – – 7.58 4.5 Level 2 .................................................. 8.48 3.0 – – 8.43 3.8 Level 3 .................................................. 10.69 20.4 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.37 6.4 15.97 4.5 – – Cashiers, all workers........................................... 8.69 2.4 9.83 12.9 8.30 5.0 Level 2 .................................................. 8.48 5.9 – – 8.42 7.5 Cashiers...................................................... 8.69 2.4 9.83 12.9 8.30 5.0 Level 2 .................................................. 8.48 5.9 – – 8.42 7.5 Retail salespersons............................................. 12.83 5.9 14.42 7.0 9.53 8.8 Level 2 .................................................. 8.49 4.2 – – 8.45 5.3 Level 4 .................................................. 14.66 6.2 15.22 3.8 – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 22.28 11.3 22.28 11.3 – – Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.94 1.9 16.50 2.1 11.86 4.5 Level 2 .................................................. 10.11 7.2 – – 10.60 8.8 Level 3 .................................................. 13.02 4.5 13.26 5.0 11.46 5.8 Level 4 .................................................. 15.88 4.0 16.04 4.2 – – Level 5 .................................................. 18.75 6.3 18.75 6.3 – – Level 6 .................................................. 21.18 4.2 21.15 4.4 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 14.64 3.3 15.38 3.7 11.88 10.1 Financial clerks.................................................. 15.97 10.4 16.68 10.8 11.98 3.1 Level 3 .................................................. 11.70 3.6 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.19 10.0 15.76 12.1 – – Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 18.67 13.4 19.41 12.7 – – Level 4 .................................................. 17.80 13.9 – – – – Tellers......................................................... 11.65 1.3 – – – – Customer service representatives.................................. 16.07 7.4 16.46 7.5 – – Level 4 .................................................. 16.76 6.3 16.87 6.2 – – Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 14.45 11.8 15.14 11.9 – – Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 10.44 7.5 – – 8.38 1.6 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 18.01 7.0 18.46 6.0 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 16.53 9.6 18.18 6.0 – – Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 17.96 9.1 17.96 9.1 – – Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.81 1.2 15.81 1.2 – – Office clerks, general............................................ 15.84 4.3 16.30 4.5 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.55 8.7 15.55 8.7 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 15.65 4.7 – – – – Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.99 13.3 16.99 13.3 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.81 4.2 20.81 4.2 – – Level 5 .................................................. 18.83 6.6 18.83 6.6 – – Level 6 .................................................. 24.52 8.1 24.52 8.1 – – Level 7 .................................................. 23.25 3.0 23.25 3.0 – – Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 21.69 8.3 21.69 8.3 – – Level 5 .................................................. 20.00 11.3 20.00 11.3 – – Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 21.49 9.6 21.49 9.6 – – Level 5 .................................................. 20.00 11.3 20.00 11.3 – – Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 19.08 17.8 19.08 17.8 – – Production occupations.............................................. 17.69 7.5 17.84 7.6 – – Level 2 .................................................. 11.87 2.8 12.06 2.5 – – Level 3 .................................................. 14.23 7.4 14.11 7.9 – – Level 4 .................................................. 21.79 .6 21.79 .6 – – Level 5 .................................................. 18.96 3.4 18.96 3.4 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 19.29 13.4 19.29 13.4 – – First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 32.63 11.3 32.63 11.3 – – Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.77 15.2 14.86 15.6 – – Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.59 5.0 15.81 5.1 10.47 5.4 Level 1 .................................................. 8.99 7.1 – – 8.22 10.3 Level 2 .................................................. 12.31 8.7 12.67 8.8 10.67 11.7 Level 3 .................................................. 12.96 5.2 13.40 6.6 – – Level 4 .................................................. 17.42 3.9 17.42 3.9 – – Level 5 .................................................. 16.92 13.6 16.92 13.6 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 13.81 10.2 16.22 4.3 – – Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 15.27 7.4 16.10 7.5 – – Level 5 .................................................. 16.22 15.7 16.22 15.7 – – Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 16.37 10.8 16.41 10.7 – – Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.43 11.6 12.43 11.6 – – Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators........... 12.22 10.5 12.22 10.5 – – Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.43 6.3 14.77 6.8 – – Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.51 7.9 12.14 10.6 10.62 4.8 Level 1 .................................................. 9.75 6.3 – – 9.75 5.2 Level 2 .................................................. 13.22 13.6 13.75 13.1 11.44 14.7 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.12 9.6 13.53 10.7 10.29 9.0 Level 1 .................................................. 11.06 5.8 – – 9.97 8.0 Level 2 .................................................. 13.42 16.3 – – – – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information. 4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. Table 4. State and local government workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Richmond, VA, October 2008 Total Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupation(4) and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All workers........................................................... $21.85 3.4 $22.19 3.2 $13.10 6.6 Management occupations.............................................. 41.03 7.8 41.03 7.8 – – Business and financial operations occupations....................... 23.38 10.2 23.38 10.2 – – Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 33.94 4.5 33.94 4.5 – – Community and social services occupations........................... 21.31 10.5 21.31 10.5 – – Education, training, and library occupations........................ 27.91 2.9 28.48 1.8 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.72 .9 29.72 .9 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 27.39 10.2 – – – – Postsecondary teachers............................................ 28.97 9.7 – – – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 28.97 9.7 – – – – Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 29.53 .8 29.72 .9 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.72 .9 29.72 .9 – – Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 30.45 2.3 30.77 3.3 – – Level 9 .................................................. 30.77 3.3 30.77 3.3 – – Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 30.23 .7 30.59 2.1 – – Level 9 .................................................. 30.59 2.1 30.59 2.1 – – Secondary school teachers....................................... 29.50 .6 29.68 .0 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.68 .0 29.68 .0 – – Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 29.50 .6 29.68 .0 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.68 .0 29.68 .0 – – Special education teachers...................................... 28.00 1.0 28.00 1.0 – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.00 1.0 28.00 1.0 – – Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.47 18.5 24.24 18.6 – – Protective service occupations...................................... 20.94 6.2 21.04 5.9 – – Police officers................................................... 22.81 8.2 22.81 8.2 – – Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.81 8.2 22.81 8.2 – – Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.64 5.2 10.71 4.9 – – Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.09 6.4 10.15 6.3 – – Office and administrative support occupations....................... 16.97 1.9 17.17 2.0 – – Level 4 .................................................. 14.71 2.0 14.96 1.5 – – Level 5 .................................................. 17.41 4.7 17.41 4.7 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 17.97 3.2 18.16 4.4 – – Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 20.03 9.0 21.59 5.8 – – Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 20.25 11.6 – – – – Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.33 8.4 16.33 8.4 – – Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 13.26 9.8 – – – – Bus drivers....................................................... 14.68 7.0 – – – – Bus drivers, school............................................. 14.68 7.0 – – – – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information. 4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. Table 5. Combined work levels(1) for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings(2) for full-time and part-time workers(3), Richmond, VA, October 2008 Total Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupation(4) and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All workers........................................................... $20.10 3.0 $21.36 2.9 $10.89 2.7 Management occupations.............................................. 40.55 7.9 40.57 7.9 – – Group III................................................. 38.10 9.1 – – – – Group IV.................................................. 65.17 3.7 – – – – General and operations managers................................... 48.10 17.8 – – – – Financial managers................................................ 41.62 13.6 41.62 13.6 – – Business and financial operations occupations....................... 29.97 7.3 29.96 7.4 – – Group II.................................................. 22.02 4.6 – – – – Group III................................................. 39.82 11.9 – – – – Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 24.07 13.9 24.07 13.9 – – Management analysts............................................... 26.40 12.2 26.40 12.2 – – Accountants and auditors.......................................... 27.96 7.9 27.96 7.9 – – Group III................................................. 33.82 4.4 33.82 4.4 – – Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.54 6.1 34.54 6.1 – – Group II.................................................. 21.56 7.5 – – – – Group III................................................. 38.67 5.1 – – – – Computer software engineers....................................... 39.93 4.0 39.93 4.0 – – Computer support specialists...................................... 24.05 7.7 24.05 7.7 – – Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.79 12.1 41.79 12.1 – – Group III................................................. 39.81 4.3 39.81 4.3 – – Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 39.91 13.7 39.91 13.7 – – Group III................................................. 43.33 9.8 – – – – Engineers......................................................... 47.01 10.7 47.01 10.7 – – Group III................................................. 43.33 9.8 – – – – Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 25.91 4.2 25.32 2.8 – – Community and social services occupations........................... 21.14 7.7 21.13 8.0 – – Group II.................................................. 19.43 4.3 – – – – Counselors........................................................ 23.17 11.5 23.17 11.5 – – Legal occupations................................................... 30.43 11.9 30.65 12.5 – – Paralegals and legal assistants................................... 21.74 4.7 21.80 5.0 – – Education, training, and library occupations........................ 27.57 2.6 28.09 2.0 15.05 16.9 Group II.................................................. 20.74 7.9 – – – – Group III................................................. 29.86 1.0 – – – – Postsecondary teachers............................................ 29.45 9.9 29.40 10.0 – – Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 29.08 1.6 29.26 1.7 – – Group III................................................. 29.79 .9 – – – – Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 29.13 4.4 29.38 5.0 – – Group III................................................. 30.73 3.2 – – – – Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 28.75 4.4 29.04 4.8 – – Group III................................................. 30.56 2.0 30.56 2.0 – – Secondary school teachers....................................... 29.66 .8 29.84 .5 – – Group III................................................. 29.84 .5 – – – – Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 29.66 .8 29.84 .5 – – Group III................................................. 29.84 .5 29.84 .5 – – Special education teachers...................................... 28.00 1.0 28.00 1.0 – – Group III................................................. 28.00 1.0 – – – – Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 23.16 6.3 21.49 6.9 – – Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 25.31 8.6 25.29 11.1 25.38 6.4 Group I................................................... 14.20 8.7 – – – – Group II.................................................. 23.89 15.1 – – – – Group III................................................. 32.26 4.7 – – – – Registered nurses................................................. 29.06 4.7 29.06 5.4 29.06 3.8 Group II.................................................. 26.86 3.2 26.62 3.1 – – Group III................................................. 30.15 5.2 30.38 5.8 – – Therapists........................................................ 31.45 10.9 – – – – Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians... 16.37 22.8 – – – – Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 19.37 5.9 18.79 4.4 – – Group II.................................................. 20.07 6.5 19.69 2.1 – – Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.85 15.2 13.69 14.1 9.80 8.7 Group I................................................... 12.31 12.4 – – – – Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 11.31 4.2 11.84 .4 9.79 10.3 Group I................................................... 11.29 4.5 – – – – Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 12.02 1.1 12.08 1.5 – – Group I................................................... 12.02 1.1 12.08 1.6 – – Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 14.75 22.0 15.56 20.8 – – Group I................................................... 14.83 22.4 – – – – Protective service occupations...................................... 17.35 11.4 17.64 11.4 – – Group I................................................... 11.12 3.0 – – – – Group II.................................................. 20.85 6.4 – – – – Police officers................................................... 22.81 8.2 22.81 8.2 – – Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.81 8.2 22.81 8.2 – – Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 11.16 3.0 11.32 3.2 – – Group I................................................... 11.16 3.0 – – – – Security guards................................................. 11.16 3.0 11.32 3.2 – – Group I................................................... 11.16 3.0 11.32 3.2 – – Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.93 2.5 8.98 4.4 6.28 12.7 Group I................................................... 7.78 3.0 – – – – Cooks............................................................. 9.91 6.8 10.76 4.0 – – Group I................................................... 9.93 7.3 – – – – Cooks, restaurant............................................... 10.27 .4 10.32 3.5 – – Group I................................................... 10.31 1.0 – – – – Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.06 10.8 7.25 26.0 4.14 31.2 Group I................................................... 6.06 10.8 – – – – Bartenders...................................................... 9.10 14.3 – – – – Group I................................................... 9.10 14.3 – – – – Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.23 4.8 – – 2.31 3.4 Group I................................................... 2.23 4.8 – – 2.31 3.4 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers...... 7.47 6.1 – – – – Group I................................................... 7.47 6.1 – – – – Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.30 4.5 8.53 9.3 5.94 11.9 Group I................................................... 7.30 4.5 – – – – Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 6.96 2.2 7.96 7.4 5.93 12.9 Group I................................................... 6.96 2.2 7.96 7.4 5.93 12.9 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.65 8.1 11.79 8.5 – – Group I................................................... 10.54 3.4 – – – – Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.80 3.8 10.87 3.8 – – Group I................................................... 10.20 3.8 – – – – Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.73 3.2 11.80 3.4 – – Group I................................................... 11.04 2.6 11.15 2.2 – – Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 9.37 1.4 – – – – Group I................................................... 9.39 1.5 – – – – Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.93 5.7 11.03 5.9 – – Group I................................................... 10.86 5.8 – – – – Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 10.93 6.1 11.03 5.9 – – Group I................................................... 10.87 6.2 – – – – Personal care and service occupations............................... 9.46 15.3 – – 8.51 9.3 Group I................................................... 9.46 15.3 – – – – Sales and related occupations....................................... 19.04 17.6 22.55 19.0 8.93 2.1 Group I................................................... 11.73 6.6 – – – – Group II.................................................. 22.73 10.5 – – – – First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 28.77 17.2 28.77 17.2 – – First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 28.23 21.5 28.23 21.5 – – Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.71 4.3 13.92 6.9 8.93 2.2 Group I................................................... 11.12 4.7 – – – – Cashiers, all workers........................................... 9.31 5.9 11.01 10.1 8.39 4.9 Group I................................................... 9.24 6.5 – – – – Cashiers...................................................... 9.31 5.9 11.01 10.1 8.39 4.9 Group I................................................... 9.24 6.5 11.16 12.2 8.39 4.9 Retail salespersons............................................. 12.83 5.9 14.42 7.0 9.53 8.8 Group I................................................... 12.02 4.0 13.91 6.0 9.46 9.9 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 22.28 11.3 22.28 11.3 – – Office and administrative support occupations....................... 16.14 1.6 16.64 1.7 11.98 4.1 Group I................................................... 14.54 3.1 – – – – Group II.................................................. 20.07 3.0 – – – – Financial clerks.................................................. 16.00 8.9 16.59 9.2 11.98 3.1 Group I................................................... 14.06 7.8 – – – – Group II.................................................. 20.12 9.2 – – – – Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 18.00 11.5 18.48 11.3 – – Group I................................................... 16.77 11.1 17.52 11.0 – – Group II.................................................. 19.54 13.4 19.54 13.4 – – Tellers......................................................... 11.65 1.3 – – – – Group I................................................... 11.65 1.3 – – – – Customer service representatives.................................. 16.11 6.5 16.45 6.5 – – Group I................................................... 15.39 8.7 15.43 8.8 – – Group II.................................................. 21.40 5.9 21.33 6.7 – – Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 14.45 11.8 15.14 11.9 – – Group I................................................... 14.91 11.4 15.14 11.9 – – Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 10.44 7.5 – – 8.38 1.6 Group I................................................... 10.04 4.3 – – 8.38 1.6 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 18.62 5.8 19.29 5.2 – – Group I................................................... 14.07 2.1 – – – – Group II.................................................. 20.51 7.7 – – – – Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 18.96 7.6 19.59 7.5 – – Group I................................................... 14.07 2.5 – – – – Group II.................................................. 20.77 8.9 20.77 8.9 – – Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.81 1.2 15.81 1.2 – – Office clerks, general............................................ 15.55 3.8 15.88 4.1 – – Group I................................................... 14.29 5.1 14.60 5.0 – – Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.90 11.6 16.90 11.6 – – Group I................................................... 12.04 6.2 – – – – Group II.................................................. 20.57 6.9 – – – – Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.74 3.9 20.74 3.9 – – Group II.................................................. 21.96 3.5 – – – – Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 21.69 8.3 21.69 8.3 – – Group II.................................................. 21.62 9.7 – – – – Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 21.49 9.6 21.49 9.6 – – Group II.................................................. 21.37 11.6 21.37 11.6 – – Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 18.62 14.7 18.62 14.7 – – Group II.................................................. 23.08 10.0 – – – – Production occupations.............................................. 17.73 7.3 17.88 7.3 – – Group I................................................... 13.29 7.5 – – – – Group II.................................................. 22.11 8.8 – – – – First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 30.33 12.5 30.33 12.5 – – Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.77 15.2 14.86 15.6 – – Group I................................................... 12.44 20.5 – – – – Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.53 4.8 15.77 5.0 10.46 5.2 Group I................................................... 12.67 4.3 – – – – Group II.................................................. 17.15 12.8 – – – – Bus drivers....................................................... 14.68 7.0 – – – – Group I................................................... 14.68 7.0 – – – – Bus drivers, school............................................. 14.68 7.0 – – – – Group I................................................... 14.68 7.0 – – – – Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 15.27 7.4 16.10 7.5 – – Group I................................................... 13.86 13.3 – – – – Group II.................................................. 16.33 15.0 – – – – Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 16.37 10.8 16.41 10.7 – – Group I................................................... 15.78 12.3 – – – – Group II.................................................. 16.63 18.1 16.63 18.1 – – Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.43 11.6 12.43 11.6 – – Group I................................................... 12.22 10.5 – – – – Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators........... 12.22 10.5 12.22 10.5 – – Group I................................................... 12.22 10.5 12.22 10.5 – – Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.43 6.3 14.77 6.8 – – Group I................................................... 13.21 6.7 13.23 7.2 – – Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.51 7.9 12.14 10.6 10.62 4.8 Group I................................................... 11.73 10.2 – – – – Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.12 9.6 13.53 10.7 10.29 9.0 Group I................................................... 12.86 10.9 13.67 11.9 11.11 12.2 1 Combined work levels simplify the presentation of work levels by combining levels 1 through 15 into four broad groups. Group I combines levels 1-4, group II combines levels 5-8, group III combines levels 9-12, and group IV combines levels 13-15. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. Table 6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Richmond, VA, October 2008 Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $8.60 $11.71 $16.96 $24.38 $33.17 Management occupations.............................................. 23.54 26.25 32.99 43.03 59.30 General and operations managers................................... 32.99 32.99 45.67 50.54 93.17 Financial managers................................................ 20.49 26.64 31.97 59.30 62.62 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 18.42 20.67 25.96 33.47 43.75 Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 17.00 18.77 22.12 26.03 35.36 Management analysts............................................... 18.32 21.06 22.14 32.45 35.70 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 20.67 20.67 24.13 32.21 41.83 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 23.10 24.75 35.63 41.11 46.88 Computer software engineers....................................... 33.17 36.87 38.51 44.72 51.46 Computer support specialists...................................... 17.26 20.09 24.75 24.75 29.47 Computer systems analysts......................................... 25.96 31.71 40.82 48.40 60.66 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 21.71 26.68 37.74 51.58 58.82 Engineers......................................................... 29.14 37.72 48.09 55.71 62.14 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 22.36 23.82 25.78 27.67 31.32 Community and social services occupations........................... 15.18 18.05 19.69 22.55 29.33 Counselors........................................................ 18.05 18.96 21.76 24.06 31.63 Legal occupations................................................... 15.39 19.23 24.58 32.05 55.70 Paralegals and legal assistants................................... 15.39 16.83 20.31 24.58 27.47 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 17.00 21.15 26.59 31.65 39.33 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 17.55 17.64 23.42 34.71 49.08 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 23.77 25.50 27.36 32.24 37.70 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 20.28 24.91 28.66 33.57 38.89 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 18.04 24.84 27.95 33.39 38.86 Secondary school teachers....................................... 23.77 25.50 28.01 32.72 37.70 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 23.77 25.50 28.01 32.72 37.70 Special education teachers...................................... 24.84 26.12 26.30 29.30 33.59 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 16.33 20.69 21.01 30.00 30.35 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.89 16.96 24.44 31.99 37.00 Registered nurses................................................. 21.65 25.72 29.09 32.76 36.00 Therapists........................................................ 24.00 24.00 27.50 34.04 47.87 Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians... 9.66 10.00 12.41 22.45 28.60 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 15.53 16.00 20.00 21.61 23.75 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 8.55 10.25 11.72 13.20 21.00 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 8.50 10.00 11.22 12.70 13.73 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.00 10.66 12.18 13.02 14.00 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 8.55 11.00 12.00 21.00 25.00 Protective service occupations...................................... 9.68 12.09 16.15 21.74 28.05 Police officers................................................... 17.57 18.13 21.60 26.19 29.81 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 17.57 18.13 21.60 26.19 29.81 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 9.27 9.71 12.09 12.09 12.41 Security guards................................................. 9.27 9.71 12.09 12.09 12.41 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.13 6.55 8.25 10.00 12.00 Cooks............................................................. 6.55 8.50 9.38 12.00 12.50 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 8.50 8.75 9.50 12.00 12.50 Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.13 7.00 10.35 11.56 Bartenders...................................................... 2.50 8.00 10.35 11.56 11.56 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.15 2.50 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers...... 4.50 7.00 7.00 8.05 9.00 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 2.13 6.75 7.16 7.95 9.50 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 2.13 6.98 7.10 7.50 9.06 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.81 9.83 10.50 13.10 13.97 Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.25 9.03 10.27 12.83 13.97 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.90 9.81 11.83 13.97 13.97 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.03 8.58 9.04 9.83 11.12 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.00 10.00 10.00 12.24 13.36 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 10.00 10.00 10.00 12.24 13.36 Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.55 7.00 8.80 9.77 18.25 Sales and related occupations....................................... 7.85 9.05 12.74 18.69 26.78 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 12.25 12.44 16.97 50.16 57.03 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 12.25 12.25 16.97 50.16 59.92 Retail sales workers.............................................. 7.45 8.07 10.05 13.77 18.09 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.80 7.50 8.50 10.29 12.41 Cashiers...................................................... 6.80 7.50 8.50 10.29 12.41 Retail salespersons............................................. 7.85 8.50 11.10 14.98 18.46 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 15.40 18.07 18.69 24.56 43.61 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 10.90 12.86 15.24 18.56 23.09 Financial clerks.................................................. 10.96 11.91 15.01 18.30 24.08 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 12.91 14.30 17.12 23.08 25.96 Tellers......................................................... 10.33 10.63 11.87 12.96 13.44 Customer service representatives.................................. 12.01 12.14 14.13 19.38 24.38 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 10.00 11.50 14.00 19.00 19.50 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 8.00 8.10 9.40 12.95 14.87 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 13.28 14.60 18.39 23.13 25.24 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 13.28 14.63 18.20 23.68 27.55 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 14.34 14.34 14.90 17.44 17.45 Office clerks, general............................................ 12.00 12.72 15.00 18.00 20.89 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 9.50 12.00 16.04 20.30 23.25 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 11.00 16.08 19.75 25.00 30.55 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 15.00 17.00 19.75 23.00 28.51 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 13.65 16.39 19.25 22.16 29.10 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 10.77 10.77 17.38 26.88 33.08 Production occupations.............................................. 8.50 11.07 16.71 22.50 28.78 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 12.93 24.08 30.88 32.54 36.25 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 6.75 8.21 15.27 19.49 24.19 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 9.12 10.32 13.64 16.95 20.15 Bus drivers....................................................... 13.19 13.29 13.99 15.54 17.30 Bus drivers, school............................................. 13.19 13.29 13.99 15.54 17.30 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 10.00 12.50 15.49 16.40 20.15 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.67 13.67 15.83 17.25 21.22 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 10.61 10.61 12.22 12.86 16.45 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators........... 10.61 10.61 10.61 12.86 14.62 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 10.05 12.04 14.17 16.95 18.30 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 8.50 9.17 10.00 13.12 18.50 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 9.15 9.29 11.00 13.12 18.70 1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. Table 7. Private industry workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Richmond, VA, October 2008 Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $8.43 $11.00 $16.21 $24.04 $32.98 Management occupations.............................................. 23.39 26.25 31.36 42.31 62.62 Financial managers................................................ 20.46 25.28 26.64 52.03 62.62 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 19.26 21.06 29.33 36.39 44.51 Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 16.80 17.00 25.96 31.60 35.36 Management analysts............................................... 21.06 21.42 31.01 34.04 38.98 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 20.67 20.67 24.04 36.71 43.75 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 20.09 24.75 35.71 41.11 47.43 Computer systems analysts......................................... 25.96 31.71 40.82 48.40 60.66 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 24.92 28.92 45.30 53.17 59.25 Engineers......................................................... 35.00 44.92 49.28 58.27 72.84 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 23.82 23.82 25.78 28.15 31.32 Community and social services occupations........................... 16.34 17.45 19.05 21.35 31.29 Legal occupations................................................... 15.39 19.23 24.36 31.92 58.56 Paralegals and legal assistants................................... 15.39 19.23 20.31 24.58 27.47 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 16.35 17.00 23.81 31.45 34.71 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 26.53 32.18 33.08 34.71 39.76 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 15.50 21.01 21.01 30.35 32.13 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 16.00 17.20 24.44 32.00 37.00 Registered nurses................................................. 21.54 25.90 29.17 32.76 35.57 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 15.84 16.00 20.47 21.61 23.97 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 8.55 10.21 11.72 13.10 21.00 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 8.45 10.00 11.18 12.69 13.73 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.00 10.63 12.18 13.02 14.00 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 8.55 11.00 12.00 21.00 25.00 Protective service occupations...................................... 9.27 9.71 12.09 12.09 21.76 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 9.27 9.71 12.09 12.09 12.09 Security guards................................................. 9.27 9.71 12.09 12.09 12.09 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.13 6.55 8.25 10.00 12.00 Cooks............................................................. 6.55 8.50 9.38 12.00 12.50 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 8.50 8.75 9.50 12.00 12.50 Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.13 4.50 10.35 11.56 Bartenders...................................................... 2.50 8.00 10.35 11.56 11.56 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.15 2.50 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 2.13 6.75 7.12 7.56 9.10 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 2.13 6.75 7.10 7.50 9.06 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 9.00 10.00 10.50 13.36 13.97 Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.32 9.53 10.65 13.97 13.97 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.90 9.95 12.83 13.97 13.97 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.50 13.36 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.50 13.36 Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.55 7.00 8.71 9.77 18.25 Sales and related occupations....................................... 7.85 9.00 12.79 18.77 27.02 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 12.25 12.44 16.97 50.16 57.03 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 12.25 12.25 16.97 50.16 59.92 Retail sales workers.............................................. 7.28 8.00 10.00 13.51 19.06 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.80 7.45 8.43 9.50 11.75 Cashiers...................................................... 6.80 7.45 8.43 9.50 11.75 Retail salespersons............................................. 7.85 8.50 11.10 14.98 18.46 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 15.40 18.07 18.69 24.56 43.61 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 10.33 12.15 15.00 18.56 23.08 Financial clerks.................................................. 10.63 11.52 13.94 17.94 25.96 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 12.91 14.07 17.14 23.08 25.96 Tellers......................................................... 10.33 10.63 11.87 12.96 13.44 Customer service representatives.................................. 10.55 12.14 13.58 19.38 24.38 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 10.00 11.50 14.00 19.00 19.50 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 8.00 8.10 9.40 12.95 14.87 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.00 14.60 16.50 22.33 24.76 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 13.48 14.84 15.08 20.12 25.24 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 14.34 14.34 14.90 17.44 17.45 Office clerks, general............................................ 12.00 13.07 15.00 18.30 20.89 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 9.50 11.79 17.00 20.30 23.50 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 10.79 16.08 19.88 25.04 30.55 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 15.00 17.00 19.75 23.00 28.51 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 13.65 16.39 19.25 22.16 29.10 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 10.77 10.77 17.43 26.88 33.08 Production occupations.............................................. 8.50 10.75 16.59 22.50 28.78 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 12.93 30.04 32.47 32.54 36.25 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 6.75 8.21 15.27 19.49 24.19 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 9.15 10.32 13.67 17.15 20.15 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 10.00 12.50 15.49 16.40 20.15 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.67 13.67 15.83 17.25 21.22 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 10.61 10.61 12.22 12.86 16.45 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators........... 10.61 10.61 10.61 12.86 14.62 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 10.05 12.04 14.17 16.95 18.30 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 8.50 9.17 10.00 13.12 18.50 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 9.15 9.29 11.00 13.12 18.70 1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. Table 8. State and local government workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Richmond, VA, October 2008 Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $12.18 $15.11 $19.70 $26.50 $34.58 Management occupations.............................................. 28.85 32.99 35.07 51.48 59.30 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.37 19.70 21.18 27.31 32.35 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 24.44 29.64 35.63 38.25 40.08 Community and social services occupations........................... 15.18 18.19 21.12 23.10 28.62 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 17.55 22.64 26.72 31.84 39.58 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 17.55 17.55 21.26 36.68 49.47 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 24.17 25.52 27.47 32.24 37.70 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 23.77 25.52 29.55 33.92 39.33 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 23.81 25.50 29.55 33.78 39.33 Secondary school teachers....................................... 23.77 25.48 28.01 32.32 37.70 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 23.77 25.48 28.01 32.32 37.70 Special education teachers...................................... 24.84 26.12 26.30 29.30 33.59 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 10.14 14.59 22.45 30.76 42.90 Protective service occupations...................................... 13.28 16.29 19.42 24.53 29.85 Police officers................................................... 17.57 18.13 21.60 26.19 29.81 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 17.57 18.13 21.60 26.19 29.81 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.30 9.02 10.42 12.24 12.64 Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.25 8.92 9.49 11.03 12.73 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 12.80 14.37 16.01 18.59 23.68 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 13.28 14.46 20.01 24.58 27.55 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 13.28 13.46 21.25 25.06 27.55 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 12.07 13.37 15.48 18.87 22.72 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 7.78 11.09 13.38 15.54 16.04 Bus drivers....................................................... 13.19 13.29 13.99 15.54 17.30 Bus drivers, school............................................. 13.19 13.29 13.99 15.54 17.30 1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. Table 9. Full-time(1) civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(2), Richmond, VA, October 2008 Full-time workers Occupation(3) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $10.00 $12.91 $18.07 $24.96 $34.96 Management occupations.............................................. 23.54 26.25 32.99 43.27 59.30 Financial managers................................................ 20.49 26.64 31.97 59.30 62.62 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 18.32 20.67 25.96 33.51 43.75 Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 17.00 18.77 22.12 26.03 35.36 Management analysts............................................... 18.32 21.06 22.14 32.45 35.70 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 20.67 20.67 24.13 32.21 41.83 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 23.10 24.75 35.63 41.11 46.88 Computer software engineers....................................... 33.17 36.87 38.51 44.72 51.46 Computer support specialists...................................... 17.26 20.09 24.75 24.75 29.47 Computer systems analysts......................................... 25.96 31.71 40.82 48.40 60.66 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 21.71 26.68 37.74 51.58 58.82 Engineers......................................................... 29.14 37.72 48.09 55.71 62.14 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 22.36 23.82 25.78 25.78 29.81 Community and social services occupations........................... 15.18 18.05 19.67 22.55 29.46 Counselors........................................................ 18.05 18.96 21.76 24.06 31.63 Legal occupations................................................... 15.39 19.23 24.58 32.05 55.70 Paralegals and legal assistants................................... 15.39 16.83 20.31 24.58 27.47 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 17.55 22.22 26.72 32.06 39.33 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 17.55 17.64 23.08 34.71 49.47 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 23.77 25.50 27.46 32.24 37.70 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 22.34 24.91 28.80 33.63 38.89 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 20.28 24.91 28.01 33.57 38.89 Secondary school teachers....................................... 24.33 25.50 28.34 32.77 37.70 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 24.33 25.50 28.34 32.77 37.70 Special education teachers...................................... 24.84 26.12 26.30 29.30 33.59 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 16.33 19.90 21.01 23.22 23.22 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.15 16.96 24.44 32.40 37.00 Registered nurses................................................. 21.54 25.50 28.75 33.05 36.85 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 14.44 16.02 19.25 21.20 22.00 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 10.00 10.78 12.00 14.00 21.00 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.00 10.58 11.88 13.00 14.00 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.00 10.89 12.23 13.02 14.00 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 9.75 11.27 12.43 21.00 25.00 Protective service occupations...................................... 9.71 12.09 16.15 21.76 28.34 Police officers................................................... 17.57 18.13 21.60 26.19 29.81 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 17.57 18.13 21.60 26.19 29.81 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 9.27 9.71 12.09 12.09 12.41 Security guards................................................. 9.27 9.71 12.09 12.09 12.41 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.15 7.50 9.00 11.56 12.19 Cooks............................................................. 8.50 9.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 8.50 8.75 10.00 12.00 12.50 Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.13 7.75 11.56 11.56 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.00 7.35 7.50 9.06 12.00 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 7.00 7.00 7.50 9.06 9.69 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.92 10.00 10.50 13.36 13.97 Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.25 9.03 10.47 13.03 13.97 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.88 9.86 12.07 13.97 13.97 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.00 10.00 10.50 12.24 13.36 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 10.00 10.00 10.50 12.24 13.36 Sales and related occupations....................................... 8.50 11.26 15.72 19.06 31.04 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 12.25 12.44 16.97 50.16 57.03 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 12.25 12.25 16.97 50.16 59.92 Retail sales workers.............................................. 8.00 9.70 12.18 17.50 19.06 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 8.20 8.50 10.05 12.82 14.96 Cashiers...................................................... 8.20 8.50 10.05 12.82 14.96 Retail salespersons............................................. 7.90 10.30 12.21 17.50 20.75 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 15.40 18.07 18.69 24.56 43.61 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 11.52 13.37 15.72 19.00 23.68 Financial clerks.................................................. 10.96 12.11 15.55 21.55 25.96 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 12.91 15.24 17.14 23.08 25.96 Customer service representatives.................................. 12.01 12.14 14.56 19.38 24.38 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 10.00 11.71 16.48 19.00 19.50 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 13.48 14.84 19.82 23.56 25.24 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 13.48 14.84 19.46 24.58 27.55 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 14.34 14.34 14.90 17.44 17.45 Office clerks, general............................................ 12.17 13.18 15.00 18.30 20.89 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 9.50 12.00 16.04 20.30 23.25 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 11.00 16.08 19.75 25.00 30.55 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 15.00 17.00 19.75 23.00 28.51 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 13.65 16.39 19.25 22.16 29.10 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 10.77 10.77 17.38 26.88 33.08 Production occupations.............................................. 8.50 11.20 16.76 22.50 28.78 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 12.93 24.08 30.88 32.54 36.25 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 6.75 8.21 15.27 19.49 24.19 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 10.00 12.25 15.20 18.50 20.63 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 11.67 13.25 15.71 16.63 20.63 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.67 13.67 15.83 17.25 21.22 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 10.61 10.61 12.22 12.86 16.45 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators........... 10.61 10.61 10.61 12.86 14.62 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 10.05 12.45 14.85 16.95 18.30 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 8.58 9.17 10.00 13.12 18.91 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 9.17 10.00 12.33 18.50 20.58 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. Table 10. Part-time(1) civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(2), Richmond, VA, October 2008 Part-time workers Occupation(3) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $6.55 $7.25 $9.16 $12.00 $18.24 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 9.16 9.16 9.80 19.47 31.61 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 16.00 21.00 25.00 30.00 34.83 Registered nurses................................................. 23.00 26.00 29.49 32.14 35.00 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 7.13 7.40 9.82 11.72 13.00 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 7.20 7.75 10.00 11.50 13.00 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.13 2.50 7.00 8.00 9.00 Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.13 2.50 8.00 8.00 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.50 2.50 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 2.13 5.85 7.00 7.10 8.00 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 2.13 5.85 7.00 7.12 8.00 Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.55 7.00 8.30 9.77 11.56 Sales and related occupations....................................... 6.80 7.50 8.40 10.00 11.75 Retail sales workers.............................................. 6.80 7.50 8.30 10.00 11.75 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.80 7.00 8.00 9.50 11.13 Cashiers...................................................... 6.80 7.00 8.00 9.50 11.13 Retail salespersons............................................. 7.50 8.00 8.50 11.04 13.77 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 8.50 9.90 11.91 13.28 17.50 Financial clerks.................................................. 9.00 11.28 11.91 13.20 13.44 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 7.50 8.00 8.00 9.36 9.50 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 6.55 8.77 10.32 12.00 13.87 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 8.00 9.29 9.36 12.00 13.87 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 8.00 9.15 9.29 9.36 16.47 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 11. Full-time(1) civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours, Richmond, VA, October 2008 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $21.36 $18.07 $849 $730 39.8 $43,629 $37,964 2,043 Management occupations.............................................. 40.57 32.99 1,661 1,411 40.9 86,382 73,382 2,129 Financial managers................................................ 41.62 31.97 1,665 1,279 40.0 86,577 66,500 2,080 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 29.96 25.96 1,195 1,038 39.9 62,123 53,997 2,073 Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 24.07 22.12 963 885 40.0 50,058 45,999 2,080 Management analysts............................................... 26.40 22.14 1,047 879 39.6 54,421 45,725 2,062 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 27.96 24.13 1,118 965 40.0 58,159 50,192 2,080 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.54 35.63 1,372 1,423 39.7 71,354 74,000 2,066 Computer software engineers....................................... 39.93 38.51 1,597 1,540 40.0 83,052 80,095 2,080 Computer support specialists...................................... 24.05 24.75 962 990 40.0 50,031 51,486 2,080 Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.79 40.82 1,646 1,634 39.4 85,593 84,970 2,048 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 39.91 37.74 1,579 1,510 39.6 82,126 78,499 2,058 Engineers......................................................... 47.01 48.09 1,851 1,848 39.4 96,274 96,088 2,048 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 25.32 25.78 1,006 1,031 39.8 52,337 53,622 2,067 Community and social services occupations........................... 21.13 19.67 833 800 39.4 43,178 41,610 2,043 Counselors........................................................ 23.17 21.76 893 870 38.5 46,025 45,250 1,986 Legal occupations................................................... 30.65 24.58 1,138 922 37.1 59,184 47,925 1,931 Paralegals and legal assistants................................... 21.80 20.31 797 810 36.6 41,451 42,114 1,902 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 28.09 26.72 1,089 1,052 38.8 46,474 44,000 1,655 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 29.40 23.08 1,166 931 39.7 57,200 46,070 1,946 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 29.26 27.46 1,134 1,086 38.7 45,784 44,176 1,565 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 29.38 28.80 1,118 1,072 38.0 44,539 42,636 1,516 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 29.04 28.01 1,111 1,072 38.3 44,383 42,636 1,528 Secondary school teachers....................................... 29.84 28.34 1,172 1,099 39.3 47,384 44,672 1,588 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 29.84 28.34 1,172 1,099 39.3 47,384 44,672 1,588 Special education teachers...................................... 28.00 26.30 1,095 1,052 39.1 45,373 44,176 1,621 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 21.49 21.01 827 840 38.5 42,991 43,701 2,001 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 25.29 24.44 1,000 1,036 39.5 51,487 53,622 2,035 Registered nurses................................................. 29.06 28.75 1,119 1,108 38.5 57,288 56,553 1,972 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.79 19.25 741 740 39.5 38,549 38,480 2,052 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 13.69 12.00 512 475 37.4 26,627 24,710 1,945 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 11.84 11.88 456 453 38.5 23,726 23,566 2,004 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 12.08 12.23 460 473 38.1 23,937 24,570 1,982 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 15.56 12.43 554 494 35.6 28,823 25,709 1,853 Protective service occupations...................................... 17.64 16.15 725 703 41.1 37,203 36,546 2,109 Police officers................................................... 22.81 21.60 912 864 40.0 47,449 44,934 2,080 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.81 21.60 912 864 40.0 47,449 44,934 2,080 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 11.32 12.09 446 483 39.4 22,565 25,141 1,993 Security guards................................................. 11.32 12.09 446 483 39.4 22,565 25,141 1,993 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 8.98 9.00 356 340 39.6 18,369 17,680 2,046 Cooks............................................................. 10.76 11.50 463 440 43.1 24,002 22,880 2,230 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 10.32 10.00 426 400 41.3 22,176 20,800 2,150 Food service, tipped.............................................. 7.25 7.75 293 280 40.4 15,106 14,560 2,082 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 8.53 7.50 294 240 34.4 15,077 12,480 1,767 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 7.96 7.50 270 240 33.9 13,861 12,480 1,741 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.79 10.50 464 400 39.4 24,154 20,800 2,049 Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.87 10.47 429 410 39.5 22,317 21,341 2,052 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.80 12.07 472 483 40.0 24,552 25,106 2,080 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 11.03 10.50 433 400 39.2 22,502 20,800 2,041 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 11.03 10.50 433 400 39.2 22,502 20,800 2,041 Sales and related occupations....................................... 22.55 15.72 895 616 39.7 46,559 32,032 2,065 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 28.77 16.97 1,191 679 41.4 61,951 35,306 2,154 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 28.23 16.97 1,148 498 40.7 59,676 25,875 2,114 Retail sales workers.............................................. 13.92 12.18 553 486 39.7 28,752 25,272 2,065 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 11.01 10.05 432 402 39.3 22,476 20,904 2,042 Cashiers...................................................... 11.01 10.05 432 402 39.3 22,476 20,904 2,042 Retail salespersons............................................. 14.42 12.21 575 499 39.8 29,883 25,958 2,072 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 22.28 18.69 891 748 40.0 46,336 38,875 2,080 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 16.64 15.72 657 618 39.5 34,158 32,161 2,053 Financial clerks.................................................. 16.59 15.55 660 622 39.8 34,318 32,334 2,068 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 18.48 17.14 734 685 39.7 38,175 35,599 2,066 Customer service representatives.................................. 16.45 14.56 656 582 39.9 34,110 30,285 2,073 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 15.14 16.48 558 528 36.8 28,917 27,456 1,910 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 19.29 19.82 756 759 39.2 39,291 39,450 2,036 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 19.59 19.46 773 778 39.5 40,219 40,477 2,053 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.81 14.90 611 594 38.7 31,790 30,900 2,011 Office clerks, general............................................ 15.88 15.00 629 600 39.6 32,707 31,200 2,060 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.90 16.04 676 642 40.0 34,922 33,280 2,067 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.74 19.75 835 803 40.3 43,417 41,746 2,093 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 21.69 19.75 893 810 41.2 46,453 42,120 2,142 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 21.49 19.25 890 770 41.4 46,274 40,040 2,153 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 18.62 17.38 738 694 39.6 38,367 36,073 2,061 Production occupations.............................................. 17.88 16.76 711 669 39.8 36,991 34,808 2,069 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 30.33 30.88 1,209 1,235 39.9 62,889 64,230 2,073 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.86 15.27 592 611 39.8 30,780 31,770 2,071 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 15.77 15.20 654 628 41.5 33,435 32,240 2,120 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 16.10 15.71 712 656 44.2 37,036 34,112 2,300 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 16.41 15.83 750 700 45.7 38,986 36,401 2,375 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.43 12.22 497 489 40.0 25,846 25,418 2,080 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators........... 12.22 10.61 489 424 40.0 25,421 22,069 2,080 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.77 14.85 592 594 40.1 30,798 30,888 2,086 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.14 10.00 482 400 39.7 25,062 20,800 2,064 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 13.53 12.33 534 480 39.4 27,755 24,960 2,051 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 12. Full-time(1) private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours, Richmond, VA, October 2008 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $21.18 $17.50 $843 $712 39.8 $43,729 $36,799 2,065 Management occupations.............................................. 40.52 31.36 1,663 1,411 41.0 86,490 73,382 2,135 Financial managers................................................ 40.22 26.64 1,609 1,066 40.0 83,663 55,417 2,080 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 32.23 29.11 1,284 1,160 39.8 66,756 60,320 2,071 Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists........ 25.14 25.96 1,005 1,038 40.0 52,281 53,997 2,080 Management analysts............................................... 28.41 31.01 1,119 1,240 39.4 58,198 64,503 2,049 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 29.02 24.04 1,161 962 40.0 60,365 50,003 2,080 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.68 35.71 1,375 1,393 39.7 71,516 72,451 2,062 Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.79 40.82 1,646 1,634 39.4 85,593 84,970 2,048 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 43.20 45.30 1,705 1,791 39.5 88,685 93,128 2,053 Engineers......................................................... 49.84 49.28 1,958 1,928 39.3 101,816 100,231 2,043 Community and social services occupations........................... 20.50 19.05 819 762 39.9 42,585 39,624 2,077 Legal occupations................................................... 30.83 24.58 1,137 922 36.9 59,142 47,925 1,918 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 25.29 23.03 992 921 39.2 43,724 35,364 1,729 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 34.01 33.08 1,324 1,323 38.9 61,856 68,800 1,819 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 22.27 21.01 842 840 37.8 43,793 43,701 1,966 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 25.43 24.44 1,004 1,036 39.5 52,219 53,872 2,053 Registered nurses................................................. 28.98 29.17 1,115 1,108 38.5 58,004 57,595 2,002 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.85 19.70 745 753 39.5 38,738 39,144 2,055 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 13.69 12.00 512 475 37.4 26,627 24,710 1,945 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 11.84 11.88 456 453 38.5 23,726 23,566 2,004 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 12.08 12.23 460 473 38.1 23,937 24,570 1,982 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 15.56 12.43 554 494 35.6 28,823 25,709 1,853 Protective service occupations...................................... 13.12 12.09 517 483 39.4 26,217 25,141 1,998 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 11.20 12.09 441 483 39.4 22,260 25,141 1,988 Security guards................................................. 11.20 12.09 441 483 39.4 22,260 25,141 1,988 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 8.95 9.00 357 340 39.8 18,527 17,680 2,070 Cooks............................................................. 10.76 11.50 463 440 43.1 24,002 22,880 2,230 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 10.32 10.00 426 400 41.3 22,176 20,800 2,150 Food service, tipped.............................................. 7.15 7.65 291 280 40.7 15,156 14,560 2,119 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 8.46 7.50 293 240 34.6 15,237 12,480 1,800 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.23 10.50 479 400 39.2 24,918 20,800 2,037 Building cleaning workers......................................... 11.31 10.75 443 426 39.2 23,018 22,152 2,036 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 12.03 13.49 481 540 40.0 25,026 28,059 2,080 Sales and related occupations....................................... 22.95 15.72 911 624 39.7 47,376 32,448 2,065 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 28.77 16.97 1,191 679 41.4 61,951 35,306 2,154 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 28.23 16.97 1,148 498 40.7 59,676 25,875 2,114 Retail sales workers.............................................. 14.03 12.18 557 480 39.7 28,959 24,960 2,064 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 9.83 9.40 382 362 38.8 19,847 18,824 2,019 Cashiers...................................................... 9.83 9.40 382 362 38.8 19,847 18,824 2,019 Retail salespersons............................................. 14.42 12.21 575 499 39.8 29,883 25,958 2,072 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 22.28 18.69 891 748 40.0 46,336 38,875 2,080 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 16.50 15.55 651 614 39.4 33,815 31,899 2,050 Financial clerks.................................................. 16.68 15.55 664 622 39.8 34,548 32,334 2,072 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 19.41 17.94 774 685 39.9 40,231 35,641 2,073 Customer service representatives.................................. 16.46 13.88 657 543 39.9 34,150 28,248 2,074 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 15.14 16.48 558 528 36.8 28,917 27,456 1,910 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 18.46 16.88 717 702 38.9 37,303 36,483 2,021 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 17.96 15.08 703 603 39.2 36,572 31,360 2,037 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.81 14.90 611 594 38.7 31,790 30,900 2,011 Office clerks, general............................................ 16.30 15.00 644 600 39.5 33,500 31,200 2,056 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.99 17.00 680 680 40.0 35,081 35,360 2,065 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.81 19.88 838 808 40.3 43,590 41,991 2,094 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 21.69 19.75 893 810 41.2 46,453 42,120 2,142 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 21.49 19.25 890 770 41.4 46,274 40,040 2,153 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 19.08 17.43 755 694 39.5 39,236 36,073 2,057 Production occupations.............................................. 17.84 16.71 710 669 39.8 36,941 34,800 2,070 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 32.63 32.47 1,300 1,299 39.8 67,589 67,533 2,072 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.86 15.27 592 611 39.8 30,780 31,770 2,071 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 15.81 15.20 664 635 42.0 34,526 33,030 2,184 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 16.10 15.71 712 656 44.2 37,036 34,112 2,300 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 16.41 15.83 750 700 45.7 38,986 36,401 2,375 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.43 12.22 497 489 40.0 25,846 25,418 2,080 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators........... 12.22 10.61 489 424 40.0 25,421 22,069 2,080 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.77 14.85 592 594 40.1 30,798 30,888 2,086 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.14 10.00 482 400 39.7 25,062 20,800 2,064 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 13.53 12.33 534 480 39.4 27,755 24,960 2,051 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 13. Full-time(1) State and local government workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours, Richmond, VA, October 2008 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $22.19 $20.16 $879 $817 39.6 $43,201 $40,911 1,947 Management occupations.............................................. 41.03 35.07 1,641 1,403 40.0 85,343 72,950 2,080 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 23.38 21.18 935 847 40.0 48,626 44,054 2,080 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 33.94 35.63 1,358 1,425 40.0 70,637 74,117 2,081 Community and social services occupations........................... 21.31 21.12 837 845 39.3 43,341 43,923 2,034 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 28.48 26.85 1,103 1,052 38.7 46,844 44,000 1,645 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 29.72 27.89 1,152 1,087 38.8 46,429 44,176 1,562 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 30.77 29.55 1,170 1,087 38.0 46,426 42,974 1,509 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 30.59 29.55 1,171 1,094 38.3 46,577 43,639 1,523 Secondary school teachers....................................... 29.68 28.01 1,165 1,098 39.2 46,929 44,656 1,581 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 29.68 28.01 1,165 1,098 39.2 46,929 44,656 1,581 Special education teachers...................................... 28.00 26.30 1,095 1,052 39.1 45,373 44,176 1,621 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.24 21.94 964 954 39.8 46,169 43,134 1,905 Protective service occupations...................................... 21.04 19.49 893 855 42.4 46,272 43,969 2,199 Police officers................................................... 22.81 21.60 912 864 40.0 47,449 44,934 2,080 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.81 21.60 912 864 40.0 47,449 44,934 2,080 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.71 10.70 428 428 40.0 22,272 22,256 2,080 Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.15 9.74 406 390 40.0 21,117 20,261 2,080 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 17.17 16.16 682 633 39.8 35,486 32,902 2,067 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 21.59 21.25 864 850 40.0 44,903 44,200 2,080 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.33 15.48 653 619 40.0 33,957 32,198 2,080 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 14. Size of establishment: Mean hourly earnings(1) of private industry establishments for major occupational groups, Richmond, VA, October 2008 1-99 100-499 500 Occupational group(2) Total workers workers workers or more All workers.................................. $19.76 $17.66 $21.34 $24.01 Management, professional, and related...... 32.40 27.16 37.46 36.02 Management, business, and financial...... 37.38 30.66 48.75 41.01 Professional and related................. 28.93 24.22 31.12 32.91 Service.................................... 9.93 9.16 11.22 12.12 Sales and office........................... 17.23 18.67 16.30 14.75 Sales and related........................ 19.27 21.82 16.42 13.11 Office and administrative support........ 15.94 16.22 16.22 15.30 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance............................... 18.73 18.01 22.53 27.71 Construction and extraction............. 16.99 16.77 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 20.81 19.85 22.23 27.71 Production, transportation, and material moving.................................... 16.21 15.04 16.77 18.70 Production............................... 17.69 17.05 17.12 19.17 Transportation and material moving....... 14.59 13.60 16.24 17.51 B 1-99 100-499 500 Total workers workers workers or more Occupational group(2) Relative error(3) (percent) Relative error(3) (percent) All workers........................................................... 3.6 5.4 14.0 4.5 Management, professional, and related............................... 3.9 7.0 17.8 4.1 Management, business, and financial............................... 7.4 9.3 24.2 7.0 Professional and related.......................................... 4.3 10.4 7.9 3.6 Service............................................................. 5.2 7.6 5.0 9.5 Sales and office.................................................... 7.7 12.1 13.9 2.8 Sales and related................................................. 18.0 24.2 24.6 4.4 Office and administrative support................................. 1.9 6.3 8.0 2.8 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 5.1 6.5 8.0 4.4 Construction and extraction...................................... 13.3 14.0 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 4.2 5.2 10.2 4.4 Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 5.1 8.2 10.4 1.5 Production........................................................ 7.5 9.8 19.9 2.2 Transportation and material moving................................ 5.0 8.9 12.9 2.4 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 15. Establishments with fewer than 100 workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for full-time(1) private industry workers, Richmond, VA, October 2008 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $19.16 $16.96 $764 $682 39.9 $39,632 $35,360 2,068 Management occupations.............................................. 32.44 31.25 1,360 1,250 41.9 70,722 65,000 2,180 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 23.87 20.67 955 827 40.0 49,639 43,000 2,080 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.82 21.05 992 1,060 40.0 51,573 55,145 2,078 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 15.64 12.00 567 480 36.3 29,499 24,960 1,886 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 8.75 8.75 350 340 40.0 18,190 17,680 2,078 Cooks............................................................. 10.76 11.50 463 440 43.1 24,002 22,880 2,230 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 10.32 10.00 426 400 41.3 22,176 20,800 2,150 Food service, tipped.............................................. 7.05 7.00 293 280 41.5 15,213 14,560 2,157 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 13.01 10.00 510 400 39.2 26,520 20,800 2,038 Sales and related occupations....................................... 26.05 17.50 1,026 690 39.4 53,375 35,880 2,049 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 28.23 16.97 1,148 498 40.7 59,676 25,875 2,114 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers......... 28.23 16.97 1,148 498 40.7 59,676 25,875 2,114 Retail sales workers.............................................. 16.18 16.56 646 700 39.9 33,582 36,400 2,076 Retail salespersons............................................. 17.44 16.56 707 700 40.6 36,787 36,400 2,109 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 16.90 15.42 660 603 39.1 34,343 31,360 2,032 Financial clerks.................................................. 17.78 17.14 711 685 40.0 36,973 35,641 2,080 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 15.53 18.00 564 576 36.3 29,331 29,952 1,889 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 17.10 15.08 660 603 38.6 34,308 31,360 2,007 Office clerks, general............................................ 16.28 15.00 638 600 39.2 33,160 31,200 2,037 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.77 16.00 671 640 40.0 34,606 33,030 2,064 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 19.85 19.25 801 770 40.4 41,653 40,040 2,098 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 20.96 19.25 861 770 41.1 44,748 40,040 2,135 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 20.59 18.38 850 760 41.3 44,197 39,520 2,146 Production occupations.............................................. 17.36 16.76 692 670 39.8 35,961 34,855 2,071 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.85 14.17 632 615 42.6 32,884 31,990 2,214 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 15.37 15.00 697 635 45.4 36,258 33,030 2,360 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 15.73 15.15 752 700 47.8 39,111 36,401 2,486 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.43 12.22 497 489 40.0 25,846 25,418 2,080 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators........... 12.22 10.61 489 424 40.0 25,421 22,069 2,080 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.09 14.17 567 567 40.2 29,463 29,467 2,091 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.83 10.00 509 400 39.6 26,443 20,800 2,061 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 16. Establishments with 100 workers or more: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for full-time(1) private industry workers, Richmond, VA, October 2008 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $23.80 $18.31 $945 $732 39.7 $49,041 $38,079 2,061 Management occupations.............................................. 53.78 43.85 2,134 1,727 39.7 110,982 89,823 2,063 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 35.33 31.35 1,405 1,254 39.8 73,054 65,208 2,068 Management analysts............................................... 28.41 31.01 1,119 1,240 39.4 58,198 64,503 2,049 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 35.67 32.21 1,427 1,288 40.0 74,199 66,997 2,080 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.45 35.24 1,372 1,409 39.8 71,320 73,289 2,070 Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.74 40.00 1,644 1,617 39.4 85,469 84,101 2,048 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 48.75 49.28 1,914 1,948 39.3 99,518 101,292 2,041 Engineers......................................................... 52.71 52.05 2,063 1,952 39.1 107,285 101,503 2,035 Community and social services occupations........................... 21.14 18.17 844 727 39.9 43,869 37,800 2,076 Legal occupations................................................... 52.04 55.70 1,985 2,080 38.1 103,226 108,151 1,983 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 29.22 29.88 1,158 1,195 39.6 55,415 62,146 1,897 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 34.51 33.08 1,341 1,323 38.9 62,178 68,800 1,802 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 26.11 26.37 1,018 1,036 39.0 52,921 53,872 2,027 Registered nurses................................................. 29.08 29.92 1,117 1,109 38.4 58,077 57,676 1,997 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.04 12.18 463 475 38.4 24,065 24,710 1,998 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 12.13 12.24 464 475 38.2 24,108 24,710 1,987 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 12.16 12.26 463 475 38.1 24,082 24,710 1,981 Protective service occupations...................................... 13.12 12.09 517 483 39.4 26,217 25,141 1,998 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 11.20 12.09 441 483 39.4 22,260 25,141 1,988 Security guards................................................. 11.20 12.09 441 483 39.4 22,260 25,141 1,988 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.34 10.75 444 426 39.1 23,085 22,152 2,035 Building cleaning workers......................................... 11.33 10.75 443 426 39.1 23,043 22,152 2,034 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 12.03 13.49 481 540 40.0 25,026 28,059 2,080 Sales and related occupations....................................... 17.52 14.25 705 558 40.2 36,642 29,041 2,092 Retail sales workers.............................................. 12.16 10.95 480 438 39.5 24,954 22,774 2,053 Retail salespersons............................................. 12.37 11.40 487 440 39.4 25,319 22,880 2,047 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 16.11 15.84 641 634 39.8 33,302 32,600 2,067 Financial clerks.................................................. 15.33 15.55 608 622 39.7 31,618 32,334 2,062 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.81 15.55 588 622 39.7 30,584 32,334 2,065 Customer service representatives.................................. 16.92 14.13 673 555 39.8 34,979 28,870 2,068 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 20.18 19.82 791 778 39.2 41,148 40,477 2,039 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 19.99 20.11 798 804 39.9 41,516 41,827 2,076 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.81 14.90 611 594 38.7 31,790 30,900 2,011 Office clerks, general............................................ 16.31 16.31 652 652 40.0 33,928 33,921 2,080 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 24.23 24.66 969 970 40.0 50,387 50,440 2,080 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 24.23 26.88 951 1,075 39.3 49,463 55,910 2,042 Production occupations.............................................. 18.22 16.10 725 644 39.8 37,711 33,509 2,070 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.88 15.36 592 614 39.8 30,764 31,949 2,068 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 17.45 16.45 716 656 41.0 37,223 34,112 2,134 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 19.04 18.17 765 727 40.2 39,779 37,794 2,089 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.55 11.00 459 440 39.7 23,859 22,880 2,066 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 17. Union(1) and nonunion workers: Mean hourly earnings(2) for major occupational groups, Richmond, VA, October 2008 Union Nonunion Occupational group(3) Private State and Private State and Civilian industry local Civilian industry local workers workers government workers workers government workers workers All workers........................................................... $20.93 $21.04 – $20.06 $19.68 $21.91 Management, professional, and related............................... – – – 30.98 32.55 27.01 Management, business, and financial............................... – – – 36.07 37.39 29.19 Professional and related.......................................... – – – 28.15 29.07 26.45 Service............................................................. – – – 10.85 9.84 16.90 Sales and office.................................................... – – – 17.11 17.19 16.61 Sales and related................................................. – – – 19.04 19.27 – Office and administrative support................................. – – – 16.05 15.82 16.97 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 28.88 28.88 – 17.83 17.91 17.26 Construction and extraction...................................... – – – 16.35 16.36 16.33 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 29.07 29.07 – 19.86 19.87 – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 19.73 19.73 – 15.43 15.40 15.94 Production........................................................ 19.65 19.65 – 16.89 16.79 – Transportation and material moving................................ 20.41 20.41 – 14.28 14.32 13.26 Union Nonunion Private State and Private State and Civilian industry local Civilian industry local workers workers government workers workers government workers workers Relative error(4) (percent) Relative error(4) (percent) All workers........................................................... 3.5 3.8 – 3.2 3.9 3.3 Management, professional, and related............................... – – – 3.2 3.9 4.0 Management, business, and financial............................... – – – 6.5 7.4 13.3 Professional and related.......................................... – – – 3.5 4.5 4.5 Service............................................................. – – – 4.7 5.4 10.6 Sales and office.................................................... – – – 6.8 7.9 2.2 Sales and related................................................. – – – 17.6 18.0 – Office and administrative support................................. – – – 1.4 1.7 1.9 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 4.9 4.9 – 4.1 4.5 5.7 Construction and extraction...................................... – – – 9.3 10.8 8.4 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 6.7 6.7 – 4.4 4.7 – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 4.5 4.5 – 6.4 6.7 7.6 Production........................................................ 5.0 5.0 – 11.6 12.2 – Transportation and material moving................................ 8.4 8.4 – 4.6 4.8 9.8 1 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 18. Time and incentive workers(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for major occupational groups, Richmond, VA, October 2008 Time Incentive Occupational group(3) Civilian Private Civilian Private workers industry workers industry workers workers All workers........................................................... $19.42 $18.88 $26.61 $26.61 Management, professional, and related............................... 30.53 32.06 35.24 35.24 Management, business, and financial............................... 35.65 37.10 39.01 39.01 Professional and related.......................................... 27.93 28.78 – – Service............................................................. 11.07 9.86 – – Sales and office.................................................... 15.40 15.16 26.26 26.26 Sales and related................................................. 13.26 13.29 31.77 31.77 Office and administrative support................................. 16.24 16.05 15.02 15.02 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 17.89 17.98 – – Construction and extraction...................................... – 16.11 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 19.99 20.01 26.45 26.45 Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 16.20 16.21 – – Production........................................................ 17.81 17.77 – – Transportation and material moving................................ 14.32 14.37 – – Time Incentive Civilian Private Civilian Private workers industry workers industry workers workers Relative error(4) (percent) Relative error(4) (percent) All workers........................................................... 2.1 2.5 14.1 14.1 Management, professional, and related............................... 3.0 3.6 14.7 14.7 Management, business, and financial............................... 6.1 7.1 18.3 18.3 Professional and related.......................................... 3.6 4.7 – – Service............................................................. 5.1 5.2 – – Sales and office.................................................... 2.0 2.5 23.9 23.9 Sales and related................................................. 6.6 6.9 32.0 32.0 Office and administrative support................................. 1.8 2.2 6.1 6.1 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 4.6 5.2 – – Construction and extraction...................................... – 11.5 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 4.5 4.9 7.7 7.7 Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 4.7 4.9 – – Production........................................................ 7.2 7.4 – – Transportation and material moving................................ 3.8 3.9 – – 1 Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary. Incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 19. Industry sector(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for private industry workers by major occupational group, Richmond, VA, October 2008 Goods producing Service providing Occupational group(3) Trade, Profes- Education Leisure Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Other tion turing tation, mation activiti- and health hospital- services and es business services ity utilities services All workers........................................................... – $23.46 $16.32 – – – $20.14 $9.10 $15.46 Management, professional, and related............................... – 43.38 28.52 – – – 26.36 – 24.41 Management, business, and financial............................... – 49.69 27.55 – – – 36.12 – 26.27 Professional and related.......................................... – 39.20 31.49 – – – 24.74 – – Service............................................................. – – 11.84 – – – 11.79 7.76 – Sales and office.................................................... – 21.82 14.11 – – – 13.87 15.91 15.43 Sales and related................................................. – – 14.27 – – – – 14.36 – Office and administrative support................................. – – 13.76 – – – 13.94 – 16.03 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... – 23.69 21.20 – – – – – – Construction and extraction...................................... – – – – – – – – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. – 23.69 21.07 – – – – – – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... – 18.74 14.64 – – – – – 9.96 Production........................................................ – 19.60 – – – – – – – Transportation and material moving................................ – 12.88 14.78 – – – – – – B Goods producing Service providing Trade, Profes- Education Leisure Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Other Occupational group(3) tion turing tation, mation activiti- and health hospital- services and es business services ity utilities services Relative error(4) (percent) Relative error(4) (percent) All workers........................................................... – 3.4 5.4 – – – 8.2 12.1 16.5 Management, professional, and related............................... – 13.5 8.4 – – – 5.6 – 3.3 Management, business, and financial............................... – 27.1 14.4 – – – 2.8 – 2.9 Professional and related.......................................... – 5.7 21.8 – – – 7.7 – – Service............................................................. – – 11.0 – – – 14.8 8.2 – Sales and office.................................................... – 3.3 2.6 – – – 8.9 13.0 4.9 Sales and related................................................. – – 4.4 – – – – 18.7 – Office and administrative support................................. – – 3.6 – – – 8.9 – 3.1 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... – 3.9 3.3 – – – – – – Construction and extraction...................................... – – – – – – – – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. – 3.9 3.2 – – – – – – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... – 4.5 7.6 – – – – – 11.0 Production........................................................ – 6.8 – – – – – – – Transportation and material moving................................ – 18.2 7.4 – – – – – – 1 Industry sectors are determined by the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Appendix table 1. Number of workers(1) represented by the survey, Richmond, VA, October 2008 Private State and Occupational group(2) Civilian industry local workers workers government workers All workers........................................................... 578,100 484,000 94,200 Management, professional, and related............................... 165,800 117,900 47,900 Management, business, and financial............................... 52,500 44,100 8,400 Professional and related.......................................... 113,300 73,800 39,500 Service............................................................. 110,300 95,600 14,800 Sales and office.................................................... 162,100 140,900 21,200 Sales and related................................................. 60,200 58,200 – Office and administrative support................................. 101,900 82,700 19,200 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 55,500 49,400 6,100 Construction and extraction...................................... 31,500 27,100 4,400 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 24,000 22,300 – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 84,300 80,200 4,200 Production........................................................ 41,100 39,600 – Transportation and material moving................................ 43,300 40,600 2,700 1 The number of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of the number of workers provide a description of size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to other statistical series to measure employment trends or levels. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Appendix table 2. Survey establishment response, Richmond, VA, October 2008 Private State and Establishments Total industry local government Total in sampling frame(1)............................................ 26,465 25,711 754 Total in sample....................................................... 354 323 31 Responding........................................................ 226 196 30 Refused or unable to provide data................................. 74 73 1 Out of business or not in survey scope............................ 54 54 0 1 The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was developed from State unemployment insurance reports and is based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For private industries, an establishment is usually a single physical location. For State and local governments, an establishment is defined as all locations of a government entity. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.