NC BL 12/00/2001 Table: Youngstown-Warren, OH, Bulletin 3110-23, April 2001 Table 1-1. Summary: Mean hourly earnings(1) and weekly hours by selected characteristics, private industry and State and local government, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Total Private industry State and local government Hourly earnings Hourly earnings Hourly earnings Worker and establishment characteristics Mean Mean Mean weekly weekly weekly Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3) (percen- (percen- (percen- t) t) t) Total................................................................. $16.17 2.8 36.4 $15.31 3.2 36.4 $20.55 4.3 36.5 Worker characteristics:(4) White-collar occupations(5)......................................... 18.20 4.4 36.7 16.01 5.9 36.4 23.15 5.6 37.3 Professional specialty and technical.............................. 24.29 3.6 36.7 20.81 4.8 36.5 28.79 4.8 37.1 Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 28.79 11.4 40.2 28.77 14.4 40.2 28.85 8.0 40.0 Sales............................................................. 8.96 7.8 33.6 8.77 8.0 33.6 - - - Administrative support............................................ 11.56 3.3 37.2 11.19 4.4 37.3 12.34 4.5 37.1 Blue-collar occupations(5).......................................... 17.15 3.3 39.0 17.18 3.4 39.1 16.05 3.3 37.8 Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 21.10 4.2 39.9 21.35 4.2 39.9 - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors....................................................... 18.40 3.5 39.9 18.41 3.5 39.9 - - - Transportation and material moving................................ 16.22 4.1 37.0 16.13 4.5 37.2 17.28 5.8 34.5 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers..................................................... 10.82 9.6 37.7 10.69 10.0 37.6 - - - Service occupations(5).............................................. 9.61 6.5 30.7 7.93 6.5 29.8 15.26 4.1 34.1 Full time........................................................... 17.13 2.7 39.6 16.32 3.2 39.9 20.98 4.3 38.6 Part time........................................................... 8.10 8.0 21.8 7.95 8.6 22.4 10.36 8.9 15.8 Union............................................................... 19.20 3.4 38.6 18.43 4.1 38.9 21.51 4.7 37.6 Nonunion............................................................ 12.91 4.9 34.4 12.60 5.3 34.5 16.93 10.1 32.8 Time................................................................ 16.10 2.9 36.4 15.17 3.4 36.4 20.55 4.3 36.5 Incentive........................................................... 17.32 2.5 37.4 17.32 2.5 37.4 - - - Establishment characteristics: Goods producing..................................................... (6) (6) (6) 19.35 2.7 39.7 (6) (6) (6) Service producing................................................... (6) (6) (6) - - - (6) (6) (6) 50-99 workers(7).................................................... 11.52 8.7 33.6 11.50 8.8 33.6 - - - 100-499 workers..................................................... 13.73 6.4 36.4 11.80 6.2 36.8 21.07 6.0 35.1 500 workers or more................................................. 21.25 2.3 38.3 - - - 20.09 7.1 38.0 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 3 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 5 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 6 Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-producing industries applies to private industry only. 7 Establishments classified with 50-99 workers may contain establishments with fewer than 50 due to staff reductions between survey sampling and collection. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 2-1. Mean hourly earnings,(1) all workers:(2) Selected occupations, private industry and State and local government, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Total Private industry State and local government Occupation(3) Relative Relative Relative Mean error(4) Mean error(4) Mean error(4) (percent) (percent) (percent) All................................................................... $16.17 2.8 $15.31 3.2 $20.55 4.3 All excluding sales............................................... 16.61 2.5 15.78 3.0 20.59 4.3 White collar........................................................ 18.20 4.4 16.01 5.9 23.15 5.6 White collar excluding sales.................................... 20.00 3.8 18.16 5.3 23.24 5.7 Professional specialty and technical.............................. 24.29 3.6 20.81 4.8 28.79 4.8 Professional specialty.......................................... 26.25 3.6 22.98 5.0 28.79 4.8 Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... - - - - - - Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... - - - - - - Natural scientists............................................ - - - - - - Health related................................................ 21.47 3.6 20.98 3.2 - - Registered nurses........................................... 22.09 3.4 21.55 3.2 - - Teachers, college and university.............................. - - - - - - Teachers, except college and university....................... 28.45 3.7 18.33 21.7 30.10 2.2 Elementary school teachers.................................. 28.97 2.6 - - 29.80 2.5 Secondary school teachers................................... 29.66 2.9 - - 30.25 3.5 Teachers, n.e.c............................................. 29.86 1.7 - - - - Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... - - - - - - Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers..................... - - - - - - Technical....................................................... 17.52 8.5 17.52 8.5 - - Licensed practical nurses................................... 14.30 3.2 14.30 3.2 - - Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 28.79 11.4 28.77 14.4 28.85 8.0 Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 31.95 13.2 33.48 17.9 28.44 8.5 Managers and administrators, n.e.c.......................... 36.55 20.8 37.00 22.6 - - Management related............................................ 22.47 12.4 21.88 12.8 - - Sales............................................................. 8.96 7.8 8.77 8.0 - - Supervisors, sales.......................................... 14.70 11.9 14.70 11.9 - - Cashiers.................................................... 7.39 4.1 6.90 2.8 - - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 11.56 3.3 11.19 4.4 12.34 4.5 Secretaries................................................. 11.93 6.5 9.63 8.7 12.86 7.5 Library clerks.............................................. 8.73 3.8 - - 8.73 3.8 Records clerks, n.e.c....................................... 9.67 2.5 9.67 2.5 - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 12.43 7.2 11.68 6.6 - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 10.59 8.0 10.59 8.0 - - General office clerks....................................... 11.95 5.0 11.15 5.9 13.55 4.3 Teachers' aides............................................. 10.04 9.8 - - - - Administrative support, n.e.c............................... 9.99 9.1 9.99 9.1 - - Blue collar......................................................... 17.15 3.3 17.18 3.4 16.05 3.3 Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 21.10 4.2 21.35 4.2 - - Industrial machinery repairers.............................. $22.20 6.8 $22.20 6.8 - - Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.............................. 18.68 6.4 18.68 6.4 - - Supervisors, production..................................... 23.34 11.7 23.34 11.7 - - Machinists.................................................. 16.54 4.9 16.54 4.9 - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 18.40 3.5 18.41 3.5 - - Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c........................ 17.12 18.6 17.12 18.6 - - Welders and cutters......................................... 16.87 8.9 16.87 8.9 - - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... 14.71 8.4 14.71 8.4 - - Transportation and material moving................................ 16.22 4.1 16.13 4.5 $17.28 5.8 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 17.60 13.2 17.60 13.2 - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 10.82 9.6 10.69 10.0 - - Stock handlers and baggers.................................. 11.13 28.6 11.13 28.6 - - Machine feeders and offbearers.............................. 9.46 15.3 9.46 15.3 - - Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c................ 12.87 13.0 12.87 13.0 - - Hand packers and packagers.................................. 9.13 7.8 9.13 7.8 - - Laborers, except construction, n.e.c........................ 10.25 16.9 10.13 17.7 - - Service............................................................. 9.61 6.5 7.93 6.5 15.26 4.1 Protective service............................................ 16.22 4.9 - - 16.61 3.5 Police and detectives, public service....................... 17.67 1.6 - - 17.67 1.6 Food service.................................................. 6.14 12.4 5.78 14.3 10.06 9.6 Waiters, waitresses, and bartenders.......................... 2.66 12.1 2.66 12.1 - - Waiters and waitresses...................................... 2.47 11.2 2.47 11.2 - - Other food service........................................... 7.72 10.3 7.39 12.4 10.06 9.6 Cooks....................................................... 8.98 9.1 8.44 10.7 - - Food preparation, n.e.c..................................... 6.39 4.6 6.10 3.1 - - Health service................................................ 9.85 5.3 9.70 5.6 - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 9.41 5.6 9.40 5.6 - - Cleaning and building service................................. 9.07 9.4 8.26 9.7 - - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 9.21 10.1 8.30 10.9 - - Personal service.............................................. 10.14 17.5 8.10 10.2 - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Table 2-2. Mean hourly earnings,(1) full-time workers:(2) Selected occupations, private industry and State and local government, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Total Private industry State and local government Occupation(3) Relative Relative Relative Mean error(4) Mean error(4) Mean error(4) (percent) (percent) (percent) All................................................................... $17.13 2.7 $16.32 3.2 $20.98 4.3 All excluding sales............................................... 17.52 2.5 16.73 2.9 21.00 4.3 White collar........................................................ 18.92 4.4 16.65 6.1 23.46 5.7 White collar excluding sales.................................... 20.38 4.0 18.45 5.8 23.52 5.7 Professional specialty and technical.............................. 24.93 3.7 21.35 5.3 28.79 4.8 Professional specialty.......................................... 26.53 3.8 23.13 5.8 28.79 4.8 Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... - - - - - - Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... - - - - - - Natural scientists............................................ - - - - - - Health related................................................ 21.30 4.5 20.61 4.0 - - Registered nurses........................................... 22.11 4.7 21.31 4.4 - - Teachers, college and university.............................. - - - - - - Teachers, except college and university....................... 28.47 3.7 18.28 21.7 30.10 2.2 Elementary school teachers.................................. 28.97 2.6 - - 29.80 2.5 Secondary school teachers................................... 29.71 2.9 - - 30.25 3.5 Teachers, n.e.c............................................. 29.89 1.8 - - - - Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... - - - - - - Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers..................... - - - - - - Technical....................................................... 18.46 9.2 18.46 9.2 - - Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 28.79 11.4 28.77 14.4 28.85 8.0 Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 31.95 13.2 33.48 17.9 28.44 8.5 Managers and administrators, n.e.c.......................... 36.55 20.8 37.00 22.6 - - Management related............................................ 22.47 12.4 21.88 12.8 - - Sales............................................................. 9.76 9.3 9.54 9.4 - - Supervisors, sales.......................................... 14.70 11.9 14.70 11.9 - - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 11.70 3.5 11.30 4.6 12.53 4.5 Secretaries................................................. 11.93 6.5 9.63 8.7 12.86 7.5 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 12.43 7.2 11.68 6.6 - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 10.59 8.0 10.59 8.0 - - General office clerks....................................... 11.95 5.0 11.15 5.9 13.55 4.3 Administrative support, n.e.c............................... 8.50 8.5 8.50 8.5 - - Blue collar......................................................... 17.42 3.4 17.46 3.4 16.15 3.4 Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 21.13 4.2 21.38 4.2 - - Industrial machinery repairers.............................. 22.41 6.6 22.41 6.6 - - Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.............................. 18.68 6.4 18.68 6.4 - - Supervisors, production..................................... 23.34 11.7 23.34 11.7 - - Machinists.................................................. 16.54 4.9 16.54 4.9 - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... $18.43 3.5 $18.43 3.5 - - Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c........................ 17.12 18.6 17.12 18.6 - - Welders and cutters......................................... 16.87 8.9 16.87 8.9 - - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... 14.71 8.4 14.71 8.4 - - Transportation and material moving................................ 16.44 4.1 16.35 4.5 $17.48 6.4 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 17.60 13.2 17.60 13.2 - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 11.24 10.2 11.11 10.6 - - Stock handlers and baggers.................................. 12.38 30.1 12.38 30.1 - - Machine feeders and offbearers.............................. 9.46 15.3 9.46 15.3 - - Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c................ 12.87 13.0 12.87 13.0 - - Hand packers and packagers.................................. 9.47 9.3 9.47 9.3 - - Laborers, except construction, n.e.c........................ 10.58 17.9 10.45 18.7 - - Service............................................................. 11.45 5.0 9.54 5.3 15.71 3.9 Protective service............................................ 16.44 5.1 - - 16.90 3.5 Food service.................................................. 9.01 9.5 8.66 13.1 - - Other food service........................................... 9.19 8.9 8.87 12.1 - - Health service................................................ 9.85 5.5 9.73 5.8 - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 9.44 5.8 9.43 5.8 - - Cleaning and building service................................. 10.20 9.8 9.24 11.6 - - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 10.61 10.4 9.55 13.4 - - Personal service.............................................. - - - - - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Table 2-3. Mean hourly earnings,(1) part-time workers:(2) Selected occupations, private industry and State and local government, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Total Private industry State and local government Occupation(3) Relative Relative Relative Mean error(4) Mean error(4) Mean error(4) (percent) (percent) (percent) All................................................................... $8.10 8.0 $7.95 8.6 $10.36 8.9 All excluding sales............................................... 8.35 8.8 8.21 9.4 10.31 9.3 White collar........................................................ 11.61 10.5 11.77 11.1 9.55 8.3 White collar excluding sales.................................... 14.98 7.8 15.62 7.4 - - Professional specialty and technical.............................. 18.07 8.1 18.07 8.1 - - Professional specialty.......................................... 22.04 4.4 22.04 4.4 - - Health related................................................ 22.04 4.4 22.04 4.4 - - Registered nurses........................................... 22.04 4.4 22.04 4.4 - - Teachers, except college and university....................... - - - - - - Technical....................................................... - - - - - - Sales............................................................. 6.39 6.6 6.28 6.3 - - Cashiers.................................................... 6.33 7.4 6.21 7.0 - - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 9.64 7.5 9.77 9.5 - - Blue collar......................................................... 9.14 18.0 8.92 19.5 - - Precision production, craft, and repair........................... - - - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... - - - - - - Transportation and material moving................................ - - - - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 6.78 5.0 6.77 5.0 - - Service............................................................. 5.68 6.3 5.39 6.2 10.19 13.1 Protective service............................................ 12.59 17.4 - - 11.14 22.2 Food service.................................................. 4.71 7.2 4.61 7.4 - - Waiters, waitresses, and bartenders.......................... 2.68 12.4 2.68 12.4 - - Waiters and waitresses...................................... 2.48 11.5 2.48 11.5 - - Other food service........................................... 6.40 5.5 6.29 5.6 - - Food preparation, n.e.c..................................... 6.07 4.4 5.93 3.5 - - Health service................................................ - - - - - - Cleaning and building service................................. 6.44 2.4 6.44 2.4 - - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 6.44 2.4 6.44 2.4 - - Personal service.............................................. 6.83 9.7 - - - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Table 3-1. Mean weekly earnings,(1) full-time workers:(2) Selected occupations, private industry and State and local government, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Total Private industry State and local government Weekly earnings Weekly earnings Weekly earnings Occupation(3) Mean Mean Mean weekly weekly weekly Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Mean error(4) 5) Mean error(4) 5) Mean error(4) 5) (percen- (percen- (percen- t) t) t) All................................................................... $679 2.7 39.6 $650 3.2 39.9 $809 3.7 38.6 All excluding sales............................................... 694 2.5 39.6 667 2.9 39.8 810 3.8 38.6 White collar........................................................ 742 4.3 39.2 666 6.1 40.0 888 5.3 37.9 White collar excluding sales.................................... 797 3.9 39.1 737 5.8 40.0 890 5.4 37.8 Professional specialty and technical.............................. 959 3.5 38.5 850 5.3 39.8 1,068 4.7 37.1 Professional specialty.......................................... 1,011 3.6 38.1 919 5.8 39.7 1,068 4.7 37.1 Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... - - - - - - - - - Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... - - - - - - - - - Natural scientists............................................ - - - - - - - - - Health related................................................ 852 4.5 40.0 825 4.0 40.0 - - - Registered nurses........................................... 884 4.7 40.0 852 4.4 40.0 - - - Teachers, college and university.............................. - - - - - - - - - Teachers, except college and university....................... 1,051 3.4 36.9 706 19.8 38.6 1,103 2.3 36.6 Elementary school teachers.................................. 1,070 2.8 36.9 - - - 1,099 2.7 36.9 Secondary school teachers................................... 1,092 3.2 36.7 - - - 1,108 3.9 36.6 Teachers, n.e.c............................................. 1,078 1.0 36.1 - - - - - - Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... - - - - - - - - - Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - - - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers..................... - - - - - - - - - Technical....................................................... 738 9.2 40.0 738 9.2 40.0 - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 1,157 11.5 40.2 1,157 14.5 40.2 1,154 8.0 40.0 Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 1,286 13.3 40.3 1,352 18.1 40.4 1,138 8.5 40.0 Managers and administrators, n.e.c.......................... 1,479 21.0 40.5 1,499 22.8 40.5 - - - Management related............................................ 899 12.4 40.0 875 12.8 40.0 - - - Sales............................................................. 390 9.3 40.0 382 9.4 40.0 - - - Supervisors, sales.......................................... 588 11.9 40.0 588 11.9 40.0 - - - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 463 3.5 39.6 452 4.6 40.0 485 4.9 38.7 Secretaries................................................. 471 6.1 39.5 381 8.1 39.6 507 6.9 39.5 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 497 7.2 40.0 467 6.6 40.0 - - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 423 8.0 40.0 423 8.0 40.0 - - - General office clerks....................................... 474 5.1 39.7 446 5.9 40.0 528 6.3 39.0 Administrative support, n.e.c............................... 340 8.5 40.0 340 8.5 40.0 - - - Blue collar......................................................... 696 3.4 40.0 698 3.5 40.0 637 2.7 39.4 Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 845 4.2 40.0 855 4.2 40.0 - - - Industrial machinery repairers.............................. 896 6.6 40.0 896 6.6 40.0 - - - Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.............................. $747 6.4 40.0 $747 6.4 40.0 - - - Supervisors, production..................................... 934 11.7 40.0 934 11.7 40.0 - - - Machinists.................................................. 662 4.9 40.0 662 4.9 40.0 - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 736 3.6 39.9 736 3.6 39.9 - - - Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c........................ 685 18.6 40.0 685 18.6 40.0 - - - Welders and cutters......................................... 675 8.9 40.0 675 8.9 40.0 - - - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... 588 8.4 40.0 588 8.4 40.0 - - - Transportation and material moving................................ 655 4.1 39.8 654 4.5 40.0 $666 3.4 38.1 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 704 13.2 40.0 704 13.2 40.0 - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 450 10.2 40.0 444 10.6 40.0 - - - Stock handlers and baggers.................................. 495 30.1 40.0 495 30.1 40.0 - - - Machine feeders and offbearers.............................. 378 15.3 40.0 378 15.3 40.0 - - - Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c................ 515 13.0 40.0 515 13.0 40.0 - - - Hand packers and packagers.................................. 379 9.3 40.0 379 9.3 40.0 - - - Laborers, except construction, n.e.c........................ 423 17.9 40.0 418 18.7 40.0 - - - Service............................................................. 451 5.9 39.4 372 5.7 39.0 635 5.9 40.4 Protective service............................................ 701 5.9 42.7 - - - 733 3.3 43.3 Food service.................................................. 324 13.7 36.0 322 17.6 37.2 - - - Other food service........................................... 331 13.2 36.0 331 16.9 37.3 - - - Health service................................................ 388 5.9 39.4 383 6.2 39.4 - - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 371 6.1 39.3 371 6.2 39.3 - - - Cleaning and building service................................. 400 9.8 39.2 366 11.7 39.6 - - - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 415 10.5 39.1 377 13.5 39.5 - - - Personal service.............................................. - - - - - - - - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 5 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Table 3-2. Mean annual earnings,(1) full-time workers:(2) Selected occupations, private industry and State and local government, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Total Private industry State and local government Annual earnings Annual earnings Annual earnings Occupation(3) Mean Mean Mean annual annual annual Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Mean error(4) 5) Mean error(4) 5) Mean error(4) 5) (percen- (percen- (percen- t) t) t) All................................................................... $33,988 2.7 1,984 $33,616 3.2 2,060 $35,425 3.7 1,689 All excluding sales............................................... 34,661 2.5 1,979 34,454 2.9 2,059 35,417 3.8 1,686 White collar........................................................ 35,160 4.3 1,859 34,019 6.1 2,043 36,922 5.3 1,574 White collar excluding sales.................................... 37,252 3.9 1,828 37,514 5.8 2,034 36,924 5.4 1,570 Professional specialty and technical.............................. 41,472 3.5 1,663 42,239 5.3 1,978 40,879 4.7 1,420 Professional specialty.......................................... 42,051 3.6 1,585 44,425 5.8 1,921 40,879 4.7 1,420 Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... - - - - - - - - - Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... - - - - - - - - - Natural scientists............................................ - - - - - - - - - Health related................................................ 44,297 4.5 2,080 42,875 4.0 2,080 - - - Registered nurses........................................... 45,993 4.7 2,080 44,328 4.4 2,080 - - - Teachers, college and university.............................. - - - - - - - - - Teachers, except college and university....................... 38,764 3.4 1,362 26,527 19.8 1,451 40,589 2.3 1,348 Elementary school teachers.................................. 39,323 2.8 1,357 - - - 40,417 2.7 1,356 Secondary school teachers................................... 40,092 3.2 1,349 - - - 40,727 3.9 1,347 Teachers, n.e.c............................................. 40,461 1.0 1,354 - - - - - - Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... - - - - - - - - - Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - - - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers..................... - - - - - - - - - Technical....................................................... 38,391 9.2 2,080 38,391 9.2 2,080 - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 59,699 11.5 2,074 60,180 14.5 2,092 58,050 8.0 2,012 Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 66,152 13.3 2,071 70,300 18.1 2,100 57,085 8.5 2,007 Managers and administrators, n.e.c.......................... 76,930 21.0 2,105 77,970 22.8 2,107 - - - Management related............................................ 46,735 12.4 2,080 45,504 12.8 2,080 - - - Sales............................................................. 20,298 9.3 2,080 19,842 9.4 2,080 - - - Supervisors, sales.......................................... 30,577 11.9 2,080 30,577 11.9 2,080 - - - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 23,134 3.5 1,978 23,316 4.6 2,063 22,796 4.9 1,819 Secretaries................................................. 22,151 6.1 1,857 19,258 8.1 2,000 23,207 6.9 1,805 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 25,856 7.2 2,080 24,292 6.6 2,080 - - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 22,021 8.0 2,080 22,021 8.0 2,080 - - - General office clerks....................................... 24,636 5.1 2,062 23,194 5.9 2,080 27,469 6.3 2,027 Administrative support, n.e.c............................... 17,682 8.5 2,080 17,682 8.5 2,080 - - - Blue collar......................................................... 36,167 3.4 2,076 36,259 3.5 2,077 33,119 2.7 2,050 Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 43,940 4.2 2,080 44,461 4.2 2,080 - - - Industrial machinery repairers.............................. 46,610 6.6 2,080 46,610 6.6 2,080 - - - Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.............................. $38,861 6.4 2,080 $38,861 6.4 2,080 - - - Supervisors, production..................................... 48,548 11.7 2,080 48,548 11.7 2,080 - - - Machinists.................................................. 34,404 4.9 2,080 34,404 4.9 2,080 - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 38,276 3.6 2,077 38,276 3.6 2,077 - - - Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c........................ 35,611 18.6 2,080 35,611 18.6 2,080 - - - Welders and cutters......................................... 35,086 8.9 2,080 35,086 8.9 2,080 - - - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... 30,599 8.4 2,080 30,599 8.4 2,080 - - - Transportation and material moving................................ 33,788 4.1 2,055 33,711 4.5 2,062 $34,649 3.4 1,982 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 36,603 13.2 2,080 36,603 13.2 2,080 - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 23,380 10.2 2,080 23,113 10.6 2,080 - - - Stock handlers and baggers.................................. 25,752 30.1 2,080 25,752 30.1 2,080 - - - Machine feeders and offbearers.............................. 19,680 15.3 2,080 19,680 15.3 2,080 - - - Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c................ 26,777 13.0 2,080 26,777 13.0 2,080 - - - Hand packers and packagers.................................. 19,691 9.3 2,080 19,691 9.3 2,080 - - - Laborers, except construction, n.e.c........................ 22,002 17.9 2,080 21,733 18.7 2,080 - - - Service............................................................. 22,928 5.9 2,003 19,258 5.7 2,019 30,952 5.9 1,970 Protective service............................................ 36,470 5.9 2,218 - - - 38,092 3.3 2,253 Food service.................................................. 15,436 13.7 1,713 16,762 17.6 1,936 - - - Other food service........................................... 15,717 13.2 1,710 17,212 16.9 1,940 - - - Health service................................................ 20,174 5.9 2,049 19,919 6.2 2,048 - - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 19,303 6.1 2,044 19,271 6.2 2,044 - - - Cleaning and building service................................. 20,811 9.8 2,040 19,033 11.7 2,059 - - - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 21,556 10.5 2,032 19,615 13.5 2,054 - - - Personal service.............................................. - - - - - - - - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 5 Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Table 4-1.Selected occupations(1) and levels,(2) all workers:(3) Mean hourly earnings,(4) private industry and State and local government, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Total Private industry State and local government Occupation and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All................................................................... $16.17 2.8 $15.31 3.2 $20.55 4.3 All excluding sales............................................... 16.61 2.5 15.78 3.0 20.59 4.3 White collar........................................................ 18.20 4.4 16.01 5.9 23.15 5.6 1....................................................... 6.80 2.4 6.75 2.6 - - 2....................................................... 8.06 8.2 7.53 9.1 9.90 9.3 3....................................................... 9.75 6.4 8.92 8.5 11.74 5.0 4....................................................... 10.83 4.0 10.17 4.4 13.27 8.3 5....................................................... 13.41 3.8 13.10 3.9 - - 6....................................................... 17.25 13.6 15.27 6.2 21.76 26.1 7....................................................... 19.22 6.3 19.34 6.2 18.83 17.4 8....................................................... 24.04 5.0 21.71 3.7 - - 9....................................................... 26.73 2.9 22.61 3.7 29.03 1.9 11........................................................ 31.70 6.5 32.54 6.7 - - White collar excluding sales.................................... 20.00 3.8 18.16 5.3 23.24 5.7 2....................................................... 9.31 7.2 8.96 9.5 - - 3....................................................... 10.47 5.5 10.03 8.2 11.21 4.9 4....................................................... 11.22 3.9 10.54 4.5 13.27 8.3 5....................................................... 13.77 3.9 13.48 4.2 - - 6....................................................... 17.39 13.8 15.39 6.4 21.76 26.1 7....................................................... 19.22 6.3 19.34 6.2 18.83 17.4 8....................................................... 24.79 5.3 22.13 4.3 - - 9....................................................... 26.73 2.9 22.52 3.7 29.03 1.9 11........................................................ 31.70 6.5 32.54 6.7 - - Professional specialty and technical.............................. 24.29 3.6 20.81 4.8 28.79 4.8 Professional specialty.......................................... 26.25 3.6 22.98 5.0 28.79 4.8 6....................................................... 23.30 23.9 - - - - 7....................................................... 20.53 13.4 - - - - 8....................................................... 24.70 6.9 20.58 3.7 - - 9....................................................... 27.68 2.5 22.86 4.6 29.34 2.0 11........................................................ 29.58 7.2 - - - - Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... - - - - - - Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... - - - - - - Natural scientists............................................ - - - - - - Health related................................................ 21.47 3.6 20.98 3.2 - - 8....................................................... 19.52 1.7 19.52 1.7 - - 9....................................................... 22.29 5.3 21.14 4.0 - - Registered nurses........................................... 22.09 3.4 21.55 3.2 - - 8....................................................... 19.75 2.2 19.75 2.2 - - 9....................................................... 23.06 4.1 - - - - Teachers, college and university.............................. - - - - - - Teachers, except college and university....................... 28.45 3.7 18.33 21.7 30.10 2.2 8....................................................... 30.38 2.3 - - - - 9....................................................... 29.80 2.5 - - 29.80 2.5 Elementary school teachers.................................. 28.97 2.6 - - 29.80 2.5 Secondary school teachers................................... $29.66 2.9 - - $30.25 3.5 Teachers, n.e.c............................................. 29.86 1.7 - - - - Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... - - - - - - Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers..................... - - - - - - Technical....................................................... 17.52 8.5 $17.52 8.5 - - 5....................................................... 13.46 1.8 13.46 1.8 - - 7....................................................... 18.32 9.6 18.32 9.6 - - Licensed practical nurses................................... 14.30 3.2 14.30 3.2 - - Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 28.79 11.4 28.77 14.4 28.85 8.0 9....................................................... 23.31 5.3 22.28 6.1 - - Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 31.95 13.2 33.48 17.9 28.44 8.5 9....................................................... 24.56 3.9 - - - - Managers and administrators, n.e.c.......................... 36.55 20.8 37.00 22.6 - - Management related............................................ 22.47 12.4 21.88 12.8 - - Sales............................................................. 8.96 7.8 8.77 8.0 - - 1....................................................... 6.77 2.6 6.77 2.6 - - 3....................................................... 7.91 11.3 6.93 9.1 - - Supervisors, sales.......................................... 14.70 11.9 14.70 11.9 - - Cashiers.................................................... 7.39 4.1 6.90 2.8 - - 3....................................................... 8.11 15.9 - - - - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 11.56 3.3 11.19 4.4 12.34 4.5 2....................................................... 9.31 7.2 8.96 9.5 - - 3....................................................... 10.47 5.5 10.03 8.2 11.21 4.9 4....................................................... 11.23 4.0 10.54 4.6 13.27 8.3 5....................................................... 14.71 5.1 14.53 7.1 - - 6....................................................... 14.70 9.0 - - - - Secretaries................................................. 11.93 6.5 9.63 8.7 12.86 7.5 4....................................................... 12.20 11.2 9.21 7.4 - - Library clerks.............................................. 8.73 3.8 - - 8.73 3.8 Records clerks, n.e.c....................................... 9.67 2.5 9.67 2.5 - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 12.43 7.2 11.68 6.6 - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 10.59 8.0 10.59 8.0 - - General office clerks....................................... 11.95 5.0 11.15 5.9 13.55 4.3 Teachers' aides............................................. 10.04 9.8 - - - - Administrative support, n.e.c............................... 9.99 9.1 9.99 9.1 - - Blue collar......................................................... 17.15 3.3 17.18 3.4 16.05 3.3 1....................................................... 8.12 5.9 7.99 5.7 - - 2....................................................... 9.34 5.1 9.34 5.1 - - 4....................................................... 17.32 5.4 17.40 5.5 15.12 3.0 5....................................................... 15.14 2.4 15.09 2.6 - - 6....................................................... 16.59 5.4 16.55 6.0 - - 7....................................................... $22.71 4.3 $22.83 4.3 - - 8....................................................... 25.39 6.9 25.39 6.9 - - Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 21.10 4.2 21.35 4.2 - - 5....................................................... 15.31 3.7 15.14 5.1 - - 6....................................................... 15.32 9.3 14.85 11.7 - - 7....................................................... 23.20 3.7 23.20 3.7 - - 8....................................................... 25.39 6.9 25.39 6.9 - - Industrial machinery repairers.............................. 22.20 6.8 22.20 6.8 - - 7....................................................... 22.85 6.5 22.85 6.5 - - Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.............................. 18.68 6.4 18.68 6.4 - - Supervisors, production..................................... 23.34 11.7 23.34 11.7 - - Machinists.................................................. 16.54 4.9 16.54 4.9 - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 18.40 3.5 18.41 3.5 - - 1....................................................... 8.38 8.3 8.38 8.3 - - 2....................................................... 8.91 3.3 8.91 3.3 - - 4....................................................... 19.08 5.7 19.08 5.7 - - 5....................................................... 14.45 4.5 14.47 4.5 - - 6....................................................... 16.05 10.2 16.05 10.2 - - Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c........................ 17.12 18.6 17.12 18.6 - - Welders and cutters......................................... 16.87 8.9 16.87 8.9 - - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... 14.71 8.4 14.71 8.4 - - 4....................................................... 14.55 8.7 14.55 8.7 - - Transportation and material moving................................ 16.22 4.1 16.13 4.5 $17.28 5.8 4....................................................... 15.51 6.9 - - - - 5....................................................... 15.67 2.2 - - - - Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 17.60 13.2 17.60 13.2 - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 10.82 9.6 10.69 10.0 - - 1....................................................... 7.74 5.2 7.56 4.5 - - 2....................................................... 9.15 7.4 9.15 7.4 - - 3....................................................... 16.93 12.5 16.93 12.5 - - 4....................................................... 11.14 10.9 11.01 11.2 - - Stock handlers and baggers.................................. 11.13 28.6 11.13 28.6 - - 1....................................................... 6.87 1.5 6.87 1.5 - - Machine feeders and offbearers.............................. 9.46 15.3 9.46 15.3 - - Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c................ 12.87 13.0 12.87 13.0 - - Hand packers and packagers.................................. 9.13 7.8 9.13 7.8 - - 1....................................................... 6.84 3.8 6.84 3.8 - - Laborers, except construction, n.e.c........................ 10.25 16.9 10.13 17.7 - - 1....................................................... 7.97 7.1 7.71 6.2 - - Service............................................................. 9.61 6.5 7.93 6.5 15.26 4.1 1....................................................... 7.06 8.8 7.01 9.2 - - 2....................................................... $6.58 18.3 $6.20 20.3 - - 3....................................................... 8.69 7.9 8.54 8.2 - - 4....................................................... 11.64 8.0 10.05 4.7 - - 5....................................................... 15.70 5.3 - - $15.70 5.3 7....................................................... 16.61 3.7 - - 16.53 3.7 Protective service............................................ 16.22 4.9 - - 16.61 3.5 7....................................................... 16.86 3.7 - - 16.53 3.7 Police and detectives, public service....................... 17.67 1.6 - - 17.67 1.6 Food service.................................................. 6.14 12.4 5.78 14.3 10.06 9.6 1....................................................... 5.60 11.1 5.28 10.9 - - 2....................................................... 4.72 20.5 4.27 21.7 - - 3....................................................... 4.94 20.4 4.28 20.9 - - Waiters, waitresses, and bartenders.......................... 2.66 12.1 2.66 12.1 - - Waiters and waitresses...................................... 2.47 11.2 2.47 11.2 - - Other food service........................................... 7.72 10.3 7.39 12.4 10.06 9.6 1....................................................... 6.43 5.0 6.10 3.2 - - 2....................................................... 7.17 7.2 - - - - 3....................................................... 6.33 13.5 - - - - Cooks....................................................... 8.98 9.1 8.44 10.7 - - Food preparation, n.e.c..................................... 6.39 4.6 6.10 3.1 - - 1....................................................... 6.39 5.3 6.11 3.3 - - Health service................................................ 9.85 5.3 9.70 5.6 - - 3....................................................... 9.60 6.6 9.60 6.6 - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 9.41 5.6 9.40 5.6 - - 3....................................................... 9.58 6.7 9.58 6.7 - - Cleaning and building service................................. 9.07 9.4 8.26 9.7 - - 1....................................................... 7.67 9.4 7.67 9.4 - - 2....................................................... 10.47 27.2 - - - - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 9.21 10.1 8.30 10.9 - - 1....................................................... 7.67 9.4 7.67 9.4 - - 2....................................................... 10.47 27.2 - - - - Personal service.............................................. 10.14 17.5 8.10 10.2 - - 1 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 2 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See appendixes C and D for more information. 3 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. 4 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Table 4-2. Selected occupations(1) and levels,(2) full-time workers:(3) Mean hourly earnings,(4) private industry and State and local government, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Total Private industry State and local government Occupation and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All................................................................... $17.13 2.7 $16.32 3.2 $20.98 4.3 All excluding sales............................................... 17.52 2.5 16.73 2.9 21.00 4.3 White collar........................................................ 18.92 4.4 16.65 6.1 23.46 5.7 2....................................................... 8.02 8.7 7.54 9.6 - - 3....................................................... 10.39 5.5 9.47 7.7 12.15 5.3 4....................................................... 10.90 4.1 10.23 4.6 13.27 8.3 5....................................................... 13.45 4.3 13.10 4.6 - - 6....................................................... 17.70 15.1 15.47 7.6 21.76 26.1 7....................................................... 18.93 6.6 18.96 6.6 18.83 17.4 8....................................................... 24.27 5.1 21.84 3.9 - - 9....................................................... 26.97 2.9 22.66 4.3 29.03 1.9 11........................................................ 31.70 6.5 32.54 6.7 - - White collar excluding sales.................................... 20.38 4.0 18.45 5.8 23.52 5.7 2....................................................... 9.28 7.6 9.03 10.1 - - 3....................................................... 10.50 6.0 9.85 9.0 11.59 4.9 4....................................................... 11.31 4.0 10.63 4.7 13.27 8.3 5....................................................... 13.89 4.6 13.56 5.2 - - 6....................................................... 17.88 15.3 15.62 7.8 21.76 26.1 7....................................................... 18.93 6.6 18.96 6.6 18.83 17.4 8....................................................... 25.12 5.4 22.35 4.6 - - 9....................................................... 26.97 2.9 22.55 4.4 29.03 1.9 11........................................................ 31.70 6.5 32.54 6.7 - - Professional specialty and technical.............................. 24.93 3.7 21.35 5.3 28.79 4.8 Professional specialty.......................................... 26.53 3.8 23.13 5.8 28.79 4.8 6....................................................... 24.08 23.6 - - - - 7....................................................... 19.81 14.7 - - - - 8....................................................... 25.13 7.2 20.67 4.3 - - 9....................................................... 28.05 2.4 23.05 6.1 29.34 2.0 11........................................................ 29.58 7.2 - - - - Engineers, architects, and surveyors.......................... - - - - - - Mathematical and computer scientists.......................... - - - - - - Natural scientists............................................ - - - - - - Health related................................................ 21.30 4.5 20.61 4.0 - - Registered nurses........................................... 22.11 4.7 21.31 4.4 - - Teachers, college and university.............................. - - - - - - Teachers, except college and university....................... 28.47 3.7 18.28 21.7 30.10 2.2 8....................................................... 30.38 2.3 - - - - 9....................................................... 29.80 2.5 - - 29.80 2.5 Elementary school teachers.................................. 28.97 2.6 - - 29.80 2.5 Secondary school teachers................................... 29.71 2.9 - - 30.25 3.5 Teachers, n.e.c............................................. 29.89 1.8 - - - - Librarians, archivists, and curators.......................... - - - - - - Social scientists and urban planners.......................... - - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers..................... - - - - - - Technical....................................................... $18.46 9.2 $18.46 9.2 - - 7....................................................... 18.30 9.8 18.30 9.8 - - Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 28.79 11.4 28.77 14.4 $28.85 8.0 9....................................................... 23.31 5.3 22.28 6.1 - - Executives, administrators, and managers...................... 31.95 13.2 33.48 17.9 28.44 8.5 9....................................................... 24.56 3.9 - - - - Managers and administrators, n.e.c.......................... 36.55 20.8 37.00 22.6 - - Management related............................................ 22.47 12.4 21.88 12.8 - - Sales............................................................. 9.76 9.3 9.54 9.4 - - Supervisors, sales.......................................... 14.70 11.9 14.70 11.9 - - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 11.70 3.5 11.30 4.6 12.53 4.5 2....................................................... 9.28 7.6 9.03 10.1 - - 3....................................................... 10.50 6.0 9.85 9.0 11.59 4.9 4....................................................... 11.33 4.1 10.63 4.8 13.27 8.3 5....................................................... 14.71 5.1 14.53 7.1 - - 6....................................................... 14.70 9.0 - - - - Secretaries................................................. 11.93 6.5 9.63 8.7 12.86 7.5 4....................................................... 12.20 11.2 9.21 7.4 - - Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks................. 12.43 7.2 11.68 6.6 - - Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks...................... 10.59 8.0 10.59 8.0 - - General office clerks....................................... 11.95 5.0 11.15 5.9 13.55 4.3 Administrative support, n.e.c............................... 8.50 8.5 8.50 8.5 - - Blue collar......................................................... 17.42 3.4 17.46 3.4 16.15 3.4 1....................................................... 8.44 7.2 8.28 7.0 - - 2....................................................... 9.39 5.1 9.39 5.1 - - 4....................................................... 17.36 5.5 17.44 5.7 - - 5....................................................... 15.15 2.4 15.09 2.6 - - 6....................................................... 16.59 5.4 16.55 6.0 - - 7....................................................... 22.77 4.1 22.88 4.2 - - 8....................................................... 25.39 6.9 25.39 6.9 - - Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 21.13 4.2 21.38 4.2 - - 5....................................................... 15.31 3.7 15.14 5.1 - - 6....................................................... 15.32 9.3 14.85 11.7 - - 7....................................................... 23.26 3.6 23.26 3.6 - - 8....................................................... 25.39 6.9 25.39 6.9 - - Industrial machinery repairers.............................. 22.41 6.6 22.41 6.6 - - 7....................................................... 23.10 6.3 23.10 6.3 - - Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.............................. 18.68 6.4 18.68 6.4 - - Supervisors, production..................................... 23.34 11.7 23.34 11.7 - - Machinists.................................................. 16.54 4.9 16.54 4.9 - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... $18.43 3.5 $18.43 3.5 - - 1....................................................... 8.49 8.8 8.49 8.8 - - 2....................................................... 8.91 3.3 8.91 3.3 - - 4....................................................... 19.08 5.7 19.08 5.7 - - 5....................................................... 14.47 4.5 14.47 4.5 - - 6....................................................... 16.05 10.2 16.05 10.2 - - Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c........................ 17.12 18.6 17.12 18.6 - - Welders and cutters......................................... 16.87 8.9 16.87 8.9 - - Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............... 14.71 8.4 14.71 8.4 - - 4....................................................... 14.55 8.7 14.55 8.7 - - Transportation and material moving................................ 16.44 4.1 16.35 4.5 $17.48 6.4 4....................................................... 15.43 7.8 15.44 8.7 - - 5....................................................... 15.67 2.2 - - - - Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............ 17.60 13.2 17.60 13.2 - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 11.24 10.2 11.11 10.6 - - 1....................................................... 7.99 6.4 7.77 5.5 - - 2....................................................... 9.26 7.1 9.26 7.1 - - 3....................................................... 16.93 12.5 16.93 12.5 - - 4....................................................... 11.14 10.9 11.01 11.2 - - Stock handlers and baggers.................................. 12.38 30.1 12.38 30.1 - - Machine feeders and offbearers.............................. 9.46 15.3 9.46 15.3 - - Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c................ 12.87 13.0 12.87 13.0 - - Hand packers and packagers.................................. 9.47 9.3 9.47 9.3 - - Laborers, except construction, n.e.c........................ 10.58 17.9 10.45 18.7 - - 1....................................................... 8.11 7.6 7.82 6.5 - - Service............................................................. 11.45 5.0 9.54 5.3 15.71 3.9 1....................................................... 8.65 9.7 8.65 10.3 - - 2....................................................... 9.42 19.5 9.15 25.1 - - 3....................................................... 9.50 6.3 9.36 6.5 - - 4....................................................... 11.82 8.5 10.03 5.6 - - 7....................................................... 16.66 3.6 - - 16.58 3.5 Protective service............................................ 16.44 5.1 - - 16.90 3.5 7....................................................... 16.92 3.5 - - 16.58 3.5 Food service.................................................. 9.01 9.5 8.66 13.1 - - Other food service........................................... 9.19 8.9 8.87 12.1 - - Health service................................................ 9.85 5.5 9.73 5.8 - - 3....................................................... 9.62 6.9 9.62 6.9 - - Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants..................... 9.44 5.8 9.43 5.8 - - 3....................................................... 9.62 6.9 9.62 6.9 - - Cleaning and building service................................. 10.20 9.8 9.24 11.6 - - 1....................................................... 8.73 11.2 8.73 11.2 - - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 10.61 10.4 9.55 13.4 - - 1....................................................... $8.73 11.2 $8.73 11.2 - - Personal service.............................................. - - - - - - 1 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 2 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See appendixes C and D for more information. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Table 4-3. Selected occupations(1) and levels,(2) part-time workers:(3) Mean hourly earnings,(4) private industry and State and local government, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Total Private industry State and local government Occupation and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All................................................................... $8.10 8.0 $7.95 8.6 $10.36 8.9 All excluding sales............................................... 8.35 8.8 8.21 9.4 10.31 9.3 White collar........................................................ 11.61 10.5 11.77 11.1 9.55 8.3 1....................................................... 6.02 3.3 6.02 3.3 - - 3....................................................... 7.93 13.6 7.72 15.6 - - White collar excluding sales.................................... 14.98 7.8 15.62 7.4 - - 3....................................................... 10.25 9.3 - - - - Professional specialty and technical.............................. 18.07 8.1 18.07 8.1 - - Professional specialty.......................................... 22.04 4.4 22.04 4.4 - - Health related................................................ 22.04 4.4 22.04 4.4 - - Registered nurses........................................... 22.04 4.4 22.04 4.4 - - Teachers, except college and university....................... - - - - - - Technical....................................................... - - - - - - Sales............................................................. 6.39 6.6 6.28 6.3 - - 1....................................................... 6.07 3.5 6.07 3.5 - - 3....................................................... 6.55 11.2 - - - - Cashiers.................................................... 6.33 7.4 6.21 7.0 - - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 9.64 7.5 9.77 9.5 - - 3....................................................... 10.25 9.3 - - - - Blue collar......................................................... 9.14 18.0 8.92 19.5 - - 1....................................................... 6.70 4.6 6.69 4.6 - - Precision production, craft, and repair........................... - - - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... - - - - - - Transportation and material moving................................ - - - - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 6.78 5.0 6.77 5.0 - - 1....................................................... 6.78 5.1 6.78 5.2 - - Service............................................................. 5.68 6.3 5.39 6.2 10.19 13.1 1....................................................... 5.60 8.4 5.55 8.6 - - 2....................................................... 4.39 22.4 4.39 22.4 - - 3....................................................... 5.90 20.8 5.76 21.1 - - Protective service............................................ 12.59 17.4 - - 11.14 22.2 Food service.................................................. 4.71 7.2 4.61 7.4 - - 1....................................................... 5.09 13.0 4.96 13.1 - - 2....................................................... 3.90 28.5 3.90 28.5 - - Waiters, waitresses, and bartenders.......................... 2.68 12.4 2.68 12.4 - - Waiters and waitresses...................................... 2.48 11.5 2.48 11.5 - - Other food service........................................... $6.40 5.5 $6.29 5.6 - - 1....................................................... 6.15 4.5 6.02 3.9 - - Food preparation, n.e.c..................................... 6.07 4.4 5.93 3.5 - - 1....................................................... 6.03 4.1 6.03 4.1 - - Health service................................................ - - - - - - Cleaning and building service................................. 6.44 2.4 6.44 2.4 - - Janitors and cleaners....................................... 6.44 2.4 6.44 2.4 - - Personal service.............................................. 6.83 9.7 - - - - 1 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 2 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See appendixes C and D for more information. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Table 5-1. Selected worker characteristics: Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group,(2) National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Private industry and State and local government Occupational group Full-time Part-time Nonunion- Incen- workers(- workers(- Union(4) (4) Time(5) tive(5) 3) 3) Mean All occupations....................................................... $17.13 $8.10 $19.20 $12.91 $16.10 $17.32 All excluding sales............................................. 17.52 8.35 19.47 13.30 16.55 17.50 White collar........................................................ 18.92 11.61 21.47 16.52 18.18 18.98 White-collar excluding sales.................................... 20.38 14.98 23.06 18.27 19.98 - Professional specialty and technical.............................. 24.93 18.07 27.78 20.55 24.29 - Professional specialty.......................................... 26.53 22.04 28.84 22.40 26.25 - Technical....................................................... 18.46 - 18.64 17.17 17.52 - Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 28.79 - - 28.79 29.87 - Sales............................................................. 9.76 6.39 - 9.07 8.96 - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 11.70 9.64 12.52 11.16 11.55 - Blue collar......................................................... 17.42 9.14 19.95 11.16 17.12 17.46 Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 21.13 - 22.23 17.17 21.33 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 18.43 - - 9.70 - - Transportation and material moving................................ 16.44 - 17.65 - 15.36 - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 11.24 6.78 15.21 7.59 10.66 - Service............................................................. 11.45 5.68 12.75 7.11 9.61 - B Full-time Part-time Nonunion- Incen- Occupational group workers(- workers(- Union(4) (4) Time(5) tive(5) 3) 3) Relative error(6) (percent) All occupations....................................................... 2.7 8.0 3.4 4.9 2.9 2.5 All excluding sales............................................. 2.5 8.8 2.6 4.9 2.7 2.0 White collar........................................................ 4.4 10.5 7.1 5.7 4.5 18.8 White-collar excluding sales.................................... 4.0 7.8 4.1 5.5 3.9 - Professional specialty and technical.............................. 3.7 8.1 2.5 5.7 3.6 - Professional specialty.......................................... 3.8 4.4 2.5 6.1 3.6 - Technical....................................................... 9.2 - 15.9 9.6 8.5 - Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 11.4 - - 11.4 12.6 - Sales............................................................. 9.3 6.6 - 9.3 8.0 - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 3.5 7.5 4.8 4.4 3.3 - Blue collar......................................................... 3.4 18.0 2.4 8.7 3.6 3.0 Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 4.2 - 2.9 14.7 4.4 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 3.5 - - 4.8 - - Transportation and material moving................................ 4.1 - 5.1 - 7.8 - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 10.2 5.0 11.7 3.5 10.0 - Service............................................................. 5.0 6.3 6.1 7.2 6.6 - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 5 Time workers' wages are based solely on an hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 6 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 5-2. Major industry division: Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group,(2) private industry, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Full-time and part-time workers Goods-producing indust- Service-producing industries(4) ries(3) Occupational group All pri- vate indus- Trans- Wholesale Finance, tries Con- Manu- portation and insur- Serv- Total Mining struc- fac- Total and pub- retail ance, and ices tion turing lic trade real utilities estate Mean All occupations....................................................... $15.31 $19.35 - $20.86 $19.28 - - - - - All excluding sales............................................. 15.78 19.47 - 20.81 19.41 - - - - - White collar........................................................ 16.01 22.32 - - 22.55 - - - - - White-collar excluding sales.................................... 18.16 23.53 - - 23.87 - - - - - Professional specialty and technical.............................. 20.81 27.05 - - 27.15 - - - - - Professional specialty.......................................... 22.98 - - - - - - - - - Technical....................................................... 17.52 22.04 - - 22.04 - - - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 28.77 32.56 - - 33.78 - - - - - Sales............................................................. 8.77 12.08 - - 11.33 - - - - - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 11.19 13.20 - - 13.35 - - - - - Blue collar......................................................... 17.18 18.85 - 21.46 18.73 - - - - - Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 21.35 21.64 - 21.95 21.59 - - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 18.41 - - - - - - - - - Transportation and material moving................................ 16.13 16.73 - - 16.73 - - - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 10.69 14.12 - - 13.81 - - - - - Service............................................................. 7.93 15.88 - - 15.88 - - - - - B Goods-producing indust- Service-producing industries(4) ries(3) All pri- vate Occupational group indus- Trans- Wholesale Finance, tries Con- Manu- portation and insur- Serv- Total Mining struc- fac- Total and pub- retail ance, and ices tion turing lic trade real utilities estate Relative error(5) (percent) All occupations....................................................... 3.2 2.7 - 2.5 2.8 - - - - - All excluding sales............................................. 3.0 2.7 - 2.7 2.8 - - - - - White collar........................................................ 5.9 8.8 - - 9.1 - - - - - White-collar excluding sales.................................... 5.3 8.5 - - 8.8 - - - - - Professional specialty and technical.............................. 4.8 7.2 - - 7.3 - - - - - Professional specialty.......................................... 5.0 - - - - - - - - - Technical....................................................... 8.5 19.7 - - 19.7 - - - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 14.4 20.2 - - 21.5 - - - - - Sales............................................................. 8.0 18.0 - - 17.8 - - - - - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 4.4 5.4 - - 5.5 - - - - - Blue collar......................................................... 3.4 2.4 - 2.9 2.6 - - - - - Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 4.2 4.3 - 1.5 5.0 - - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 3.5 - - - - - - - - - Transportation and material moving................................ 4.5 6.8 - - 6.8 - - - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 10.0 9.8 - - 10.6 - - - - - Service............................................................. 6.5 19.1 - - 19.1 - - - - - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 3 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing. 4 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 5-3. Establishment employment size: Mean hourly earnings(1) by occupational group,(2) private industry, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Full-time and part-time workers 100 workers or more Occupational group All 50 - 99 private workers(- industry 3) 100 - 499 500 workers Total workers workers or more Mean All occupations....................................................... $15.31 $11.50 $16.69 $11.80 - All excluding sales............................................. 15.78 11.84 17.10 12.15 - White collar........................................................ 16.01 14.43 16.57 13.34 $21.13 White-collar excluding sales.................................... 18.16 18.18 18.16 15.22 21.13 Professional specialty and technical.............................. 20.81 22.37 20.50 17.19 22.17 Professional specialty.......................................... 22.98 23.88 22.79 15.26 25.09 Technical....................................................... 17.52 - 17.14 18.56 15.80 Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 28.77 20.23 36.18 36.23 - Sales............................................................. 8.77 8.94 8.61 8.61 - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 11.19 10.22 11.35 10.92 12.29 Blue collar......................................................... 17.18 12.91 18.35 12.17 - Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 21.35 16.29 22.95 17.70 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 18.41 10.44 - 12.19 - Transportation and material moving................................ 16.13 - 16.25 13.97 - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 10.69 8.91 11.43 9.24 19.01 Service............................................................. 7.93 6.12 9.34 7.61 - B Full-time and part-time workers 100 workers or more Occupational group All 50 - 99 private workers(- industry 3) 100 - 499 500 workers Total workers workers or more Relative error(4) (percent) All occupations....................................................... 3.2 8.8 3.7 6.2 - All excluding sales............................................. 3.0 9.1 3.3 5.8 - White collar........................................................ 5.9 12.3 6.7 10.8 5.8 White-collar excluding sales.................................... 5.3 8.2 6.4 11.6 5.8 Professional specialty and technical.............................. 4.8 10.1 5.2 9.7 5.7 Professional specialty.......................................... 5.0 4.5 6.0 11.2 4.7 Technical....................................................... 8.5 - 8.6 9.9 12.3 Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 14.4 9.7 18.1 38.3 - Sales............................................................. 8.0 12.9 9.4 9.4 - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 4.4 5.2 5.2 7.0 5.2 Blue collar......................................................... 3.4 10.7 3.2 6.0 - Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 4.2 14.2 2.8 5.1 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 3.5 9.0 - 5.6 - Transportation and material moving................................ 4.5 - 8.1 11.9 - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 10.0 14.2 11.8 7.2 9.1 Service............................................................. 6.5 11.6 6.7 4.2 - 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 3 Establishments classified with 50-99 workers may contain establishments with fewer than 50 due to staff reductions between survey sampling and collection. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 6-1. Hourly wage percentiles for establishment jobs,(1) all workers:(2) Selected occupations, all industries, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Occupation(3) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All............................................... $6.66 $8.70 $14.92 $22.83 $27.11 All excluding sales........................... 6.99 9.40 15.49 22.90 27.13 White collar.................................... 7.09 10.30 15.06 25.13 30.58 White collar excluding sales................ 9.00 11.62 18.31 28.23 31.52 Professional specialty and technical.......... 13.39 18.64 26.20 29.65 32.26 Professional specialty...................... 18.49 21.04 28.62 30.02 33.29 Engineers, architects, and surveyors...... - - - - - Mathematical and computer scientists...... - - - - - Natural scientists........................ - - - - - Health related............................ 18.49 18.83 20.77 23.10 26.25 Registered nurses....................... 18.49 20.01 22.00 23.50 26.25 Teachers, college and university.......... - - - - - Teachers, except college and university... 23.87 28.62 28.93 30.16 31.95 Elementary school teachers.............. 28.62 28.62 28.93 28.93 31.52 Secondary school teachers............... 26.48 28.23 28.23 30.67 33.29 Teachers, n.e.c......................... 29.65 29.65 29.65 31.60 32.00 Librarians, archivists, and curators...... - - - - - Social scientists and urban planners...... - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers. - - - - - Technical................................... 12.65 13.39 14.69 20.31 24.16 Licensed practical nurses............... 13.06 13.39 13.81 15.29 15.73 Executive, administrative, and managerial..... 15.41 20.29 24.04 32.02 41.32 Executives, administrators, and managers.. 21.06 22.55 25.09 38.66 43.85 Managers and administrators, n.e.c...... 16.09 22.55 25.09 39.70 55.37 Management related........................ 13.99 15.41 20.29 26.30 35.96 Sales......................................... 5.81 6.27 7.09 8.50 17.65 Supervisors, sales...................... 10.62 10.62 12.50 18.56 22.33 Cashiers................................ 5.50 5.94 7.09 8.00 8.38 Administrative support, including clerical.... 7.84 9.00 10.83 13.30 15.80 Secretaries............................. 8.17 10.40 11.03 14.80 15.35 Library clerks.......................... 8.24 8.24 8.24 9.00 9.92 Records clerks, n.e.c................... 8.98 8.98 10.02 10.37 10.37 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks............................... 10.24 10.53 10.53 14.59 14.92 Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks.. 7.15 8.94 11.20 11.62 14.11 General office clerks................... 8.61 9.65 12.91 12.94 14.05 Teachers' aides......................... 5.50 8.07 10.71 12.02 12.98 Administrative support, n.e.c........... 7.37 7.37 9.57 12.60 12.60 Blue collar..................................... 7.38 10.70 17.17 23.17 24.62 Precision production, craft, and repair....... 14.43 16.55 21.89 27.04 27.14 Industrial machinery repairers.......... 14.05 18.23 23.08 27.06 27.11 Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.......... 14.53 16.56 17.57 23.37 23.37 Supervisors, production................. 5.15 18.79 28.00 29.93 29.93 Machinists.............................. 15.63 16.06 16.06 16.95 18.22 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors. $9.15 $13.61 $20.05 $23.68 $23.68 Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c.... 8.79 11.13 22.76 22.76 22.76 Welders and cutters..................... 10.92 13.40 13.63 23.16 23.16 Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............................ 9.85 10.70 15.16 17.94 19.60 Transportation and material moving............ 8.94 15.22 16.76 16.89 23.17 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............................ 8.94 10.05 19.90 23.22 23.22 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers................................... 6.27 7.19 8.50 14.45 22.34 Stock handlers and baggers.............. 6.13 7.08 7.16 22.71 22.71 Machine feeders and offbearers.......... 6.25 6.25 8.49 9.85 16.23 Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c................................ 8.69 8.69 11.75 17.43 18.12 Hand packers and packagers.............. 6.37 8.45 8.50 8.71 11.73 Laborers, except construction, n.e.c.... 5.28 7.19 7.38 14.12 22.83 Service......................................... 5.30 6.06 8.15 12.87 17.67 Protective service........................ 11.75 13.04 17.67 18.21 21.38 Police and detectives, public service... 17.08 17.67 17.67 18.70 18.70 Food service.............................. 2.13 2.28 5.77 7.09 10.42 Waiters, waitresses, and bartenders...... 2.13 2.13 2.24 2.28 5.20 Waiters and waitresses.................. 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.28 2.28 Other food service....................... 5.36 5.77 6.59 9.24 10.42 Cooks................................... 7.07 7.07 9.24 10.42 10.42 Food preparation, n.e.c................. 5.30 5.60 5.86 6.59 8.75 Health service............................ 7.87 8.14 9.05 12.22 12.91 Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants. 7.24 8.14 8.70 10.10 12.91 Cleaning and building service............. 5.92 6.56 6.99 11.84 14.92 Janitors and cleaners................... 5.92 6.56 6.75 12.36 14.92 Personal service.......................... 5.50 5.99 9.27 10.08 17.99 1 Percentiles are calculated from average hourly wages for sampled establishment jobs within each occupation. The percentiles describe the distribution of an occupation's employment by the average wage rates for its jobs. For example, at the 10th percentile hourly wage for an occupation, one-tenth of the occupation's employment are found in sampled establishment jobs whose average wages are the same or less, and nine-tenths are in jobs averaging the same or more. The calculations of the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. Table 6-2. Hourly wage percentiles for establishment jobs,(1) all workers:(2) Selected occupations, private industry, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Private industry Occupation(3) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All............................................... $6.50 $8.15 $14.05 $22.22 $24.57 All excluding sales........................... 6.59 8.69 14.85 22.71 24.62 White collar.................................... 6.90 8.61 13.12 20.71 26.20 White collar excluding sales................ 8.63 10.79 15.29 22.22 28.12 Professional specialty and technical.......... 13.06 14.69 20.55 24.16 32.26 Professional specialty...................... 14.85 18.83 21.63 26.20 33.55 Engineers, architects, and surveyors...... - - - - - Mathematical and computer scientists...... - - - - - Natural scientists........................ - - - - - Health related............................ 18.49 18.83 20.71 22.22 26.20 Registered nurses....................... 18.49 19.49 20.71 22.22 26.20 Teachers, except college and university... 10.65 10.65 18.64 24.76 26.48 Technical................................... 12.65 13.39 14.69 20.31 24.16 Licensed practical nurses............... 13.06 13.39 13.81 15.29 15.73 Executive, administrative, and managerial..... 15.41 17.19 23.41 28.12 43.85 Executives, administrators, and managers.. 16.09 21.79 25.09 39.61 43.85 Managers and administrators, n.e.c...... 16.09 23.41 25.09 39.70 55.37 Management related........................ 13.99 15.41 18.98 26.05 35.96 Sales......................................... 5.50 6.09 7.09 8.50 12.72 Supervisors, sales...................... 10.62 10.62 12.50 18.56 22.33 Cashiers................................ 5.50 5.94 7.09 7.09 8.14 Administrative support, including clerical.... 7.35 8.63 10.53 12.91 15.36 Secretaries............................. 7.98 8.01 9.56 10.62 13.89 Records clerks, n.e.c................... 8.98 8.98 10.02 10.37 10.37 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks............................... 10.24 10.53 10.53 14.41 14.92 Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks.. 7.15 8.94 11.20 11.62 14.11 General office clerks................... 8.61 9.51 11.25 12.91 12.94 Administrative support, n.e.c........... 7.37 7.37 9.57 12.60 12.60 Blue collar..................................... 7.19 10.66 17.72 23.22 24.62 Precision production, craft, and repair....... 14.05 16.56 23.08 27.04 27.14 Industrial machinery repairers.......... 14.05 18.23 23.08 27.06 27.11 Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.......... 14.53 16.56 17.57 23.37 23.37 Supervisors, production................. 5.15 18.79 28.00 29.93 29.93 Machinists.............................. 15.63 16.06 16.06 16.95 18.22 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors. 9.15 13.61 20.05 23.68 23.68 Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c.... 8.79 11.13 22.76 22.76 22.76 Welders and cutters..................... 10.92 13.40 13.63 23.16 23.16 Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............................ 9.85 10.70 15.16 17.94 19.60 Transportation and material moving............ $8.94 $14.55 $16.89 $16.89 $23.17 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............................ 8.94 10.05 19.90 23.22 23.22 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers................................... 6.27 7.19 8.49 14.09 22.34 Stock handlers and baggers.............. 6.13 7.08 7.16 22.71 22.71 Machine feeders and offbearers.......... 6.25 6.25 8.49 9.85 16.23 Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c................................ 8.69 8.69 11.75 17.43 18.12 Hand packers and packagers.............. 6.37 8.45 8.50 8.71 11.73 Laborers, except construction, n.e.c.... 5.28 7.19 7.38 13.57 22.83 Service......................................... 2.28 5.89 7.09 9.60 12.91 Protective service........................ - - - - - Food service.............................. 2.13 2.28 5.60 7.07 10.00 Waiters, waitresses, and bartenders...... 2.13 2.13 2.24 2.28 5.20 Waiters and waitresses.................. 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.28 2.28 Other food service....................... 5.36 5.60 6.45 9.24 10.42 Cooks................................... 5.55 7.07 9.24 10.00 10.42 Food preparation, n.e.c................. 5.30 5.60 5.86 6.45 6.59 Health service............................ 7.24 8.14 9.05 12.22 12.91 Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants. 7.24 8.14 8.70 10.10 12.91 Cleaning and building service............. 5.92 6.56 6.66 8.70 12.36 Janitors and cleaners................... 5.92 6.05 6.66 7.58 12.36 Personal service.......................... 5.50 5.99 7.92 10.08 10.08 1 Percentiles are calculated from average hourly wages for sampled establishment jobs within each occupation. The percentiles describe the distribution of an occupation's employment by the average wage rates for its jobs. For example, at the 10th percentile hourly wage for an occupation, one-tenth of the occupation's employment are found in sampled establishment jobs whose average wages are the same or less, and nine-tenths are in jobs averaging the same or more. The calculations of the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Table 6-3. Hourly wage percentiles for establishment jobs,(1) all workers:(2) Selected occupations, State and local government, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 State and local government Occupation(3) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All............................................... $10.44 $13.30 $17.67 $28.93 $31.52 All excluding sales........................... 10.44 13.30 17.67 28.93 31.52 White collar.................................... 10.44 14.05 28.23 29.65 32.00 White collar excluding sales................ 10.44 14.05 28.23 29.82 32.00 Professional specialty and technical.......... 22.97 28.62 28.93 30.67 32.00 Professional specialty...................... 22.97 28.62 28.93 30.67 32.00 Mathematical and computer scientists...... - - - - - Health related............................ - - - - - Teachers, college and university.......... - - - - - Teachers, except college and university... 28.23 28.62 29.65 31.44 32.00 Elementary school teachers.............. 28.62 28.62 28.93 30.13 31.52 Secondary school teachers............... 28.23 28.23 30.16 30.67 35.61 Librarians, archivists, and curators...... - - - - - Social scientists and urban planners...... - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers. - - - - - Executive, administrative, and managerial..... 21.06 23.70 25.52 33.82 38.98 Executives, administrators, and managers.. 21.06 23.70 25.52 32.02 38.98 Management related........................ - - - - - Sales......................................... - - - - - Administrative support, including clerical.... 8.48 10.40 11.26 14.66 16.01 Secretaries............................. 10.40 10.40 11.26 15.06 15.86 Library clerks.......................... 8.24 8.24 8.24 9.00 9.92 General office clerks................... 11.25 11.63 13.30 14.05 18.31 Blue collar..................................... 14.12 14.63 15.59 16.55 17.03 Precision production, craft, and repair....... - - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors. - - - - - Transportation and material moving............ 14.54 15.40 16.23 17.05 25.20 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers................................... - - - - - Service......................................... 9.99 12.59 14.92 17.67 18.70 Protective service........................ 12.59 13.04 17.67 18.21 20.04 Police and detectives, public service... 17.08 17.67 17.67 18.70 18.70 Food service.............................. 7.65 8.75 9.99 9.99 12.87 Other food service....................... 7.65 8.75 9.99 9.99 12.87 Health service............................ - - - - - Cleaning and building service............. - - - - - Personal service.......................... - - - - - 1 Percentiles are calculated from average hourly wages for sampled establishment jobs within each occupation. The percentiles describe the distribution of an occupation's employment by the average wage rates for its jobs. For example, at the 10th percentile hourly wage for an occupation, one-tenth of the occupation's employment are found in sampled establishment jobs whose average wages are the same or less, and nine-tenths are in jobs averaging the same or more. The calculations of the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Table 6-4. Hourly wage percentiles for establishment jobs,(1) full-time workers:(2) Selected occupations, all industries, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Occupation(3) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All............................................... $7.37 $10.08 $16.09 $23.16 $27.14 All excluding sales........................... 7.87 10.53 16.65 23.37 27.52 White collar.................................... 7.67 10.53 15.56 26.30 31.52 White collar excluding sales................ 9.51 11.62 18.64 28.23 31.78 Professional specialty and technical.......... 13.52 18.83 26.54 29.65 33.29 Professional specialty...................... 18.49 21.04 28.62 30.13 33.55 Engineers, architects, and surveyors...... - - - - - Mathematical and computer scientists...... - - - - - Natural scientists........................ - - - - - Health related............................ 18.49 18.76 20.71 23.10 26.25 Registered nurses....................... 18.49 19.25 20.71 26.20 26.25 Teachers, college and university.......... - - - - - Teachers, except college and university... 23.87 28.62 28.93 30.16 31.95 Elementary school teachers.............. 28.62 28.62 28.93 28.93 31.52 Secondary school teachers............... 26.48 28.23 30.16 30.67 33.29 Teachers, n.e.c......................... 29.65 29.65 29.65 31.60 32.00 Librarians, archivists, and curators...... - - - - - Social scientists and urban planners...... - - - - - Social, recreation, and religious workers. - - - - - Technical................................... 13.06 13.52 15.29 20.75 24.16 Executive, administrative, and managerial..... 15.41 20.29 24.04 32.02 41.32 Executives, administrators, and managers.. 21.06 22.55 25.09 38.66 43.85 Managers and administrators, n.e.c...... 16.09 22.55 25.09 39.70 55.37 Management related........................ 13.99 15.41 20.29 26.30 35.96 Sales......................................... 5.81 7.09 7.67 10.62 18.56 Supervisors, sales...................... 10.62 10.62 12.50 18.56 22.33 Administrative support, including clerical.... 7.96 9.51 11.03 13.60 15.98 Secretaries............................. 8.17 10.40 11.03 14.80 15.35 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks............................... 10.24 10.53 10.53 14.59 14.92 Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks.. 7.15 8.94 11.20 11.62 14.11 General office clerks................... 8.61 9.65 12.91 12.94 14.05 Administrative support, n.e.c........... 7.37 7.37 8.04 9.57 11.97 Blue collar..................................... 7.79 11.50 17.76 23.27 24.62 Precision production, craft, and repair....... 14.43 16.55 21.89 27.04 27.14 Industrial machinery repairers.......... 14.05 18.23 23.08 27.06 27.11 Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.......... 14.53 16.56 17.57 23.37 23.37 Supervisors, production................. 5.15 18.79 28.00 29.93 29.93 Machinists.............................. 15.63 16.06 16.06 16.95 18.22 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors. 9.15 13.61 20.05 23.68 23.68 Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c.... 8.79 11.13 22.76 22.76 22.76 Welders and cutters..................... 10.92 13.40 13.63 23.16 23.16 Production inspectors, checkers and examiners............................ $9.85 $10.70 $15.16 $17.94 $19.60 Transportation and material moving............ 8.94 15.22 16.89 17.36 23.17 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators............................ 8.94 10.05 19.90 23.22 23.22 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers................................... 7.00 7.19 8.58 14.57 22.71 Stock handlers and baggers.............. 7.08 7.08 7.79 22.71 22.71 Machine feeders and offbearers.......... 6.25 6.25 8.49 9.85 16.23 Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c................................ 8.69 8.69 11.75 17.43 18.12 Hand packers and packagers.............. 7.00 8.50 8.50 8.71 11.73 Laborers, except construction, n.e.c.... 6.44 7.19 7.38 14.48 22.83 Service......................................... 6.45 8.14 10.10 14.17 17.67 Protective service........................ 11.90 13.04 17.67 18.21 21.38 Food service.............................. 5.86 6.06 9.24 10.42 14.58 Waiters, waitresses, and bartenders...... - - - - - Other food service....................... 5.86 6.45 9.24 10.42 14.58 Health service............................ 7.87 8.14 9.05 12.22 12.91 Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants. 7.24 8.14 8.15 10.83 12.91 Cleaning and building service............. 6.56 6.60 8.70 12.36 16.19 Janitors and cleaners................... 6.00 6.60 11.00 12.36 16.19 Personal service.......................... - - - - - 1 Percentiles are calculated from average hourly wages for sampled establishment jobs within each occupation. The percentiles describe the distribution of an occupation's employment by the average wage rates for its jobs. For example, at the 10th percentile hourly wage for an occupation, one-tenth of the occupation's employment are found in sampled establishment jobs whose average wages are the same or less, and nine-tenths are in jobs averaging the same or more. The calculations of the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Table 6-5. Hourly wage percentiles for establishment jobs,(1) part-time workers:(2) Selected occupations, all industries, National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Occupation(3) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All............................................... $2.24 $5.50 $6.50 $8.98 $15.98 All excluding sales........................... 2.24 5.36 6.65 10.00 15.98 White collar.................................... 5.50 6.09 8.98 13.71 22.22 White collar excluding sales................ 8.48 12.02 13.39 20.01 22.22 Professional specialty and technical.......... 12.65 13.42 15.53 22.22 22.22 Professional specialty...................... 19.49 20.01 22.22 22.22 30.58 Health related............................ 19.49 20.01 22.22 22.22 30.58 Registered nurses....................... 19.49 20.01 22.22 22.22 30.58 Teachers, except college and university... - - - - - Technical................................... - - - - - Sales......................................... 5.50 5.50 5.94 6.70 8.50 Cashiers................................ 5.50 5.50 5.50 6.27 8.50 Administrative support, including clerical.... 7.11 8.48 8.98 12.60 12.60 Blue collar..................................... 5.54 6.13 6.75 14.54 15.98 Precision production, craft, and repair....... - - - - - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors. - - - - - Transportation and material moving............ - - - - - Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers................................... 5.17 6.11 6.65 7.49 8.10 Service......................................... 2.13 2.28 5.77 6.66 8.50 Protective service........................ 5.15 8.57 11.75 17.13 17.28 Food service.............................. 2.13 2.24 5.36 5.77 7.07 Waiters, waitresses, and bartenders...... 2.13 2.13 2.24 2.28 5.20 Waiters and waitresses.................. 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.28 2.28 Other food service....................... 5.30 5.36 5.77 7.07 7.65 Food preparation, n.e.c................. 5.24 5.60 5.77 6.59 7.09 Health service............................ - - - - - Cleaning and building service............. 5.92 6.05 6.56 6.66 6.97 Janitors and cleaners................... 5.92 6.05 6.56 6.66 6.97 Personal service.......................... 5.35 5.50 5.99 8.50 8.50 1 Percentiles are calculated from average hourly wages for sampled establishment jobs within each occupation. The percentiles describe the distribution of an occupation's employment by the average wage rates for its jobs. For example, at the 10th percentile hourly wage for an occupation, one-tenth of the occupation's employment are found in sampled establishment jobs whose average wages are the same or less, and nine-tenths are in jobs averaging the same or more. The calculations of the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately. Appendix table 1. Number of workers(1) represented by the survey, by occupational group,(2) National Compensation Survey, Youngstown-Warren, OH, April 2001 Full-time and part-time workers Occupational group Private State and Total industry local government All occupations....................................................... 116,300 94,600 21,700 All excluding sales............................................. 109,300 87,800 21,500 White collar........................................................ 42,400 27,700 14,700 White-collar excluding sales.................................... 35,400 20,900 14,500 Professional specialty and technical.............................. 18,500 9,300 9,200 Professional specialty.......................................... 14,800 5,600 9,200 Technical....................................................... 3,700 3,700 - Executive, administrative, and managerial......................... 4,000 3,100 900 Sales............................................................. 7,000 6,800 - Administrative support, including clerical........................ 12,900 8,500 4,400 Blue collar......................................................... 49,000 47,400 1,600 Precision production, craft, and repair........................... 12,100 11,500 - Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..................... 19,700 19,700 - Transportation and material moving................................ 6,000 5,400 600 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers............... 11,300 10,900 - Service............................................................. 24,900 19,500 5,400 1 The number of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of the number of workers provide a description of size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to other statistical series to measure employment trends or levels. Both full-time and part-time workers were included in the survey. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.