February 2020 | Vol. 9 / No. 1
REGIONAL ECONOMIES
Job openings and labor turnover trends for Northeastern states in 2018
By Hope Allen and Larry Akinyooye
The Northeast is known for its vibrant cities, dense population, and cultural diversity, but what are some of the labor market trends that set this geographical region apart? The Bureau of Labor Statistics Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) program publishes estimates on job openings, hires, and separations. JOLTS estimates can give certain insights into labor market dynamics, such as labor demand and labor turnover, that other employment measures cannot. In 2019, the JOLTS program published JOLTS experimental state estimates for the first time.1 The JOLTS experimental state estimates offer valuable information that can help us better understand state-level economies and allow for comparisons between states, the region, and the nation. This Beyond the Numbers article features new experimental JOLTS estimates on states in the Northeast region. This article is the first in a series of four.2 We will explore trends in a number of measures—job openings, unemployment, hires and separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and churn and fill rates—that can give us a deeper understanding of business cycles and labor demand in the Northeast and help businesses and workers make better informed decisions. This article reveals ways that data users can use these estimates to evaluate labor demand and labor turnover at regional and state levels.
Unique labor patterns in the Northeast region
Labor force dynamics in each state can vary widely. Each state in the United States exhibits its own unique labor patterns because of variations in geography; climate; major industries; labor force demographics, such as education and age; and other factors. Although neighboring states may have different labor patterns, there are often traits shared by states in the same geographic region. For this discussion, we will focus on states in the Northeast region, as classified by the U.S. Census Bureau: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont.3
Of the four census regions, the Northeast has the highest population density—the most people living per square mile.4 As a result, this region has the largest labor force per square mile.5 For 7 of the 9 Northeastern states, education and health services was the major industry with the largest number of employees at the end of 2018.6 This is notable as there were only nine states nationwide that had education and health services as their top-employing industrial sector at the end of 2018.
While the Northeast has a distinct industrial composition and concentration of the labor force, states within the region have large variations in population and employment, resulting in differing labor market patterns between states. For instance, in 2018, New York’s annual average employment level was over 30 times that of Vermont.7 The nine states in the Northeast also vary in climate and geography, so some states exhibit more seasonal employment patterns than others. These differences are reflected in the JOLTS experimental state estimates.
Trends in job openings: Northeast
JOLTS defines job openings as all positions that are open on the last business day of the month. Job openings measure unmet labor demand in the labor market. Chart 1 shows job openings rates in the United States, Northeast region, and Northeastern states. All states in the Northeast region experienced series-high job openings rates in 2018, but a difference in trends can be seen between Connecticut and Vermont.8 At the end of 2018, Connecticut had the lowest job openings rate in the Northeast, while Vermont had the highest. Since 2011, job openings rates in the Northeast region and Connecticut have generally trended below the United States.
Chart 1. Job openings rates in the United States, Northeast Region, and select Northeastern states, June 2004–December 2018, not seasonally adjusted
| Date |
Connecticut |
Maine |
Massachusetts |
New Hampshire |
New Jersey |
New York |
Pennsylvania |
Rhode Island |
Vermont |
Northeast |
United States |
|
Jun 2004
|
2.7 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
|
Jul 2004
|
2.6 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
|
Aug 2004
|
2.6 |
3.1 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
|
Sep 2004
|
2.9 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
|
Oct 2004
|
3.0 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
|
Nov 2004
|
3.0 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
|
Dec 2004
|
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
3.6 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
|
Jan 2005
|
2.5 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
3.6 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
|
Feb 2005
|
2.5 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
3.4 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
|
Mar 2005
|
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
|
Apr 2005
|
2.4 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
|
May 2005
|
2.4 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
|
Jun 2005
|
2.4 |
3.6 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
|
Jul 2005
|
2.5 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
|
Aug 2005
|
2.6 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
3.6 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
|
Sep 2005
|
2.8 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
|
Oct 2005
|
2.8 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
|
Nov 2005
|
2.8 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
|
Dec 2005
|
2.7 |
3.2 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
|
Jan 2006
|
2.7 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
4.0 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
|
Feb 2006
|
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
4.1 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
|
Mar 2006
|
2.8 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
|
Apr 2006
|
3.1 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
|
May 2006
|
3.2 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
|
Jun 2006
|
3.2 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
|
Jul 2006
|
3.0 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
|
Aug 2006
|
3.2 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
|
Sep 2006
|
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
|
Oct 2006
|
3.4 |
3.6 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
|
Nov 2006
|
3.4 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
|
Dec 2006
|
3.3 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
|
Jan 2007
|
3.2 |
3.8 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
|
Feb 2007
|
3.2 |
3.6 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
|
Mar 2007
|
3.2 |
3.7 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
|
Apr 2007
|
3.2 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
|
May 2007
|
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
|
Jun 2007
|
3.0 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
|
Jul 2007
|
3.0 |
3.9 |
2.9 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.9 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
|
Aug 2007
|
3.1 |
3.8 |
2.9 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
4.0 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
|
Sep 2007
|
3.0 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
|
Oct 2007
|
2.9 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
|
Nov 2007
|
2.7 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
|
Dec 2007
|
2.6 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
|
Jan 2008
|
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
3.9 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
|
Feb 2008
|
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
|
Mar 2008
|
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
|
Apr 2008
|
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
|
May 2008
|
2.8 |
3.4 |
2.5 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
|
Jun 2008
|
2.6 |
3.6 |
2.5 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
|
Jul 2008
|
2.6 |
3.7 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
|
Aug 2008
|
2.8 |
3.5 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
|
Sep 2008
|
2.8 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
|
Oct 2008
|
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
|
Nov 2008
|
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
|
Dec 2008
|
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
|
Jan 2009
|
2.4 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
|
Feb 2009
|
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
2.6 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
|
Mar 2009
|
2.4 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
|
Apr 2009
|
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
|
May 2009
|
2.2 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
|
Jun 2009
|
2.1 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
2.0 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
|
Jul 2009
|
2.1 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
1.8 |
|
Aug 2009
|
2.0 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
1.8 |
|
Sep 2009
|
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
|
Oct 2009
|
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
|
Nov 2009
|
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
Dec 2009
|
2.1 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
|
Jan 2010
|
2.0 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
Feb 2010
|
2.1 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
1.6 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
|
Mar 2010
|
2.1 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
1.7 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
|
Apr 2010
|
2.7 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
1.8 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
|
May 2010
|
2.9 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
1.9 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
|
Jun 2010
|
3.0 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
|
Jul 2010
|
2.5 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
|
Aug 2010
|
2.5 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
2.1 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
|
Sep 2010
|
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
2.1 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
|
Oct 2010
|
2.5 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
2.1 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
|
Nov 2010
|
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
|
Dec 2010
|
2.1 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
1.9 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
|
Jan 2011
|
2.0 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
1.8 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
|
Feb 2011
|
2.0 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
|
Mar 2011
|
2.1 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
|
Apr 2011
|
2.2 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
|
May 2011
|
2.3 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
|
Jun 2011
|
2.3 |
3.4 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
|
Jul 2011
|
2.2 |
3.5 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
|
Aug 2011
|
2.2 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
|
Sep 2011
|
2.3 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
|
Oct 2011
|
2.3 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
|
Nov 2011
|
2.3 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
|
Dec 2011
|
2.2 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
|
Jan 2012
|
2.2 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
|
Feb 2012
|
2.3 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
|
Mar 2012
|
2.5 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.1 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
|
Apr 2012
|
2.5 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
|
May 2012
|
2.6 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
|
Jun 2012
|
2.5 |
3.3 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
|
Jul 2012
|
2.4 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
|
Aug 2012
|
2.4 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
3.5 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
|
Sep 2012
|
2.5 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.4 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
|
Oct 2012
|
2.5 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.4 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
|
Nov 2012
|
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
|
Dec 2012
|
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
|
Jan 2013
|
2.4 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
|
Feb 2013
|
2.3 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.2 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
|
Mar 2013
|
2.4 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
|
Apr 2013
|
2.5 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
|
May 2013
|
2.5 |
3.2 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
|
Jun 2013
|
2.5 |
3.6 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
|
Jul 2013
|
2.3 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
|
Aug 2013
|
2.5 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
3.1 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
|
Sep 2013
|
2.5 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
|
Oct 2013
|
2.6 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
|
Nov 2013
|
2.5 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
|
Dec 2013
|
2.3 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
|
Jan 2014
|
2.4 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
|
Feb 2014
|
2.4 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
|
Mar 2014
|
2.6 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
|
Apr 2014
|
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
|
May 2014
|
2.9 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
|
Jun 2014
|
3.0 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
|
Jul 2014
|
2.9 |
4.0 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
|
Aug 2014
|
3.0 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
3.2 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
|
Sep 2014
|
3.1 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
4.0 |
3.2 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
|
Oct 2014
|
3.2 |
3.3 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
|
Nov 2014
|
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
|
Dec 2014
|
2.8 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
|
Jan 2015
|
2.8 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
3.9 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
|
Feb 2015
|
2.8 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
4.0 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
|
Mar 2015
|
2.8 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
|
Apr 2015
|
2.7 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
|
May 2015
|
2.9 |
4.1 |
4.3 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
|
Jun 2015
|
3.0 |
4.2 |
4.1 |
3.6 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
|
Jul 2015
|
3.1 |
4.4 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.9 |
3.6 |
4.6 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
|
Aug 2015
|
3.1 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
3.5 |
4.5 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
|
Sep 2015
|
3.3 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
4.0 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
4.2 |
3.8 |
4.4 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
|
Oct 2015
|
3.3 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
4.1 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
|
Nov 2015
|
3.4 |
3.6 |
4.2 |
3.8 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
|
Dec 2015
|
3.3 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
4.5 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
|
Jan 2016
|
3.3 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
3.9 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
4.5 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
|
Feb 2016
|
3.2 |
4.1 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
4.5 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
|
Mar 2016
|
3.3 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
|
Apr 2016
|
3.3 |
4.6 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
4.0 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
|
May 2016
|
3.4 |
5.0 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
|
Jun 2016
|
3.5 |
5.2 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
|
Jul 2016
|
3.6 |
4.7 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
4.6 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
|
Aug 2016
|
3.6 |
4.5 |
4.1 |
4.2 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
4.6 |
3.7 |
4.0 |
|
Sep 2016
|
3.6 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
4.1 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
4.5 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
|
Oct 2016
|
3.4 |
4.0 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
|
Nov 2016
|
3.3 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.7 |
3.8 |
|
Dec 2016
|
3.3 |
4.0 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
4.2 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
|
Jan 2017
|
3.5 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
3.7 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
4.1 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
|
Feb 2017
|
3.6 |
4.0 |
4.2 |
3.7 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
|
Mar 2017
|
3.8 |
4.0 |
4.3 |
3.7 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
3.7 |
3.8 |
|
Apr 2017
|
4.2 |
4.4 |
4.3 |
4.0 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
4.5 |
4.7 |
4.4 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
|
May 2017
|
4.2 |
4.7 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
4.3 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
|
Jun 2017
|
4.2 |
4.9 |
3.9 |
4.2 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
4.2 |
4.5 |
4.8 |
3.9 |
4.1 |
|
Jul 2017
|
3.7 |
4.8 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
4.2 |
4.0 |
5.3 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
|
Aug 2017
|
3.9 |
4.6 |
4.2 |
4.3 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
5.3 |
4.0 |
4.2 |
|
Sep 2017
|
3.9 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
3.5 |
4.8 |
4.4 |
5.1 |
4.0 |
4.2 |
|
Oct 2017
|
4.0 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
3.5 |
4.8 |
4.3 |
4.3 |
4.0 |
4.2 |
|
Nov 2017
|
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
4.4 |
4.0 |
4.2 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
|
Dec 2017
|
3.6 |
4.1 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
3.8 |
3.4 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
4.7 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
|
Jan 2018
|
3.5 |
4.6 |
3.6 |
4.5 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
4.6 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
|
Feb 2018
|
3.4 |
4.6 |
3.6 |
4.3 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
4.2 |
4.1 |
4.7 |
3.8 |
4.0 |
|
Mar 2018
|
3.5 |
4.7 |
3.8 |
4.4 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
4.5 |
4.2 |
4.3 |
4.1 |
4.3 |
|
Apr 2018
|
3.6 |
5.1 |
4.0 |
4.7 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
4.2 |
4.5 |
|
May 2018
|
3.8 |
5.6 |
4.1 |
4.9 |
4.4 |
4.1 |
4.7 |
4.8 |
4.7 |
4.3 |
4.6 |
|
Jun 2018
|
4.0 |
5.9 |
4.2 |
5.0 |
4.5 |
4.0 |
4.5 |
4.8 |
5.0 |
4.3 |
4.7 |
|
Jul 2018
|
4.0 |
5.5 |
4.3 |
4.8 |
4.5 |
3.9 |
4.7 |
4.8 |
6.1 |
4.3 |
4.7 |
|
Aug 2018
|
4.1 |
5.2 |
4.3 |
4.8 |
4.5 |
4.0 |
4.7 |
4.8 |
6.2 |
4.4 |
4.8 |
|
Sep 2018
|
4.2 |
4.9 |
4.5 |
4.6 |
4.9 |
4.1 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
5.9 |
4.5 |
4.8 |
|
Oct 2018
|
4.2 |
4.7 |
4.7 |
4.5 |
4.8 |
4.0 |
4.9 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
4.5 |
4.8 |
|
Nov 2018
|
3.9 |
4.7 |
4.9 |
4.5 |
4.7 |
4.0 |
4.9 |
4.8 |
4.9 |
4.5 |
4.8 |
|
Dec 2018
|
3.6 |
4.7 |
4.9 |
4.5 |
4.2 |
3.7 |
4.8 |
4.4 |
5.3 |
4.3 |
4.7 |
JOLTS experimental state estimates allow for the comparison of job openings (labor demand) to unemployment (labor supply) at the state level. The number of unemployed persons per job opening factors in both the supply of unemployed persons and the demand of employers.9 Unemployed persons per job opening is a ratio of the level of unemployed persons, as published by other BLS programs, and the job openings level. A ratio of 1.0 means there is a job for every unemployed person. Lower ratios signal tighter labor markets with firms having more job openings than there are people available to work. Higher ratios indicate an abundance of labor supply, meaning there are more unemployed people competing for each job opening. While states in the Northeast had similar ratios in recent years, differences emerged during and after the Great Recession.10 Among the Northeastern states, Rhode Island had the highest ratio of unemployed persons per job opening, at 7.0 in January 2010. New Hampshire and Vermont had the lowest average unemployed persons per job opening ratio in the region for 2018, at 0.6 unemployed persons per job opening. (See chart 2). All states in the Northeast were below 1.0 unemployed persons per job opening in December 2018, indicating there were more available jobs than unemployed people.
Chart 2. Unemployed persons per job opening in the United States, Northeast region, and select Northeastern states, June 2004-December 2018, not seasonally adjusted
| Date |
Connecticut |
Maine |
Massachusetts |
New Hampshire |
New Jersey |
New York |
Pennsylvania |
Rhode Island |
Vermont |
Northeast |
United States |
|
Jun 2004
|
1.9 |
1.5 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
|
Jul 2004
|
2.1 |
1.5 |
2.1 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
2.2 |
1.3 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
|
Aug 2004
|
2.1 |
1.5 |
2.1 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
1.3 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
|
Sep 2004
|
1.8 |
1.4 |
2.0 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
1.2 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
|
Oct 2004
|
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
1.8 |
2.0 |
|
Nov 2004
|
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
|
Dec 2004
|
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
|
Jan 2005
|
1.9 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
1.1 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
|
Feb 2005
|
2.1 |
2.2 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
1.2 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
|
Mar 2005
|
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
1.4 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
|
Apr 2005
|
2.2 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
1.5 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
|
May 2005
|
2.2 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
Jun 2005
|
2.2 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
|
Jul 2005
|
2.2 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
1.1 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
|
Aug 2005
|
2.1 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
1.5 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
1.1 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
|
Sep 2005
|
1.9 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.0 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
|
Oct 2005
|
1.8 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
|
Nov 2005
|
1.7 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
|
Dec 2005
|
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
|
Jan 2006
|
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
1.8 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
1.0 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
|
Feb 2006
|
1.8 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.2 |
1.9 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
1.1 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
Mar 2006
|
1.8 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
|
Apr 2006
|
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.1 |
1.8 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
|
May 2006
|
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
|
Jun 2006
|
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
|
Jul 2006
|
1.6 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
1.1 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
|
Aug 2006
|
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
|
Sep 2006
|
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
|
Oct 2006
|
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
|
Nov 2006
|
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
|
Dec 2006
|
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
|
Jan 2007
|
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
|
Feb 2007
|
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
|
Mar 2007
|
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
|
Apr 2007
|
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
|
May 2007
|
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
|
Jun 2007
|
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
|
Jul 2007
|
1.6 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1.1 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
|
Aug 2007
|
1.6 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
|
Sep 2007
|
1.7 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Oct 2007
|
1.6 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
|
Nov 2007
|
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
|
Dec 2007
|
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
2.2 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
|
Jan 2008
|
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
2.1 |
1.8 |
2.1 |
1.1 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
|
Feb 2008
|
2.0 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
2.4 |
1.4 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
Mar 2008
|
2.0 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
2.6 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
|
Apr 2008
|
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
2.9 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
|
May 2008
|
1.9 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.7 |
1.7 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
Jun 2008
|
2.1 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
2.7 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
|
Jul 2008
|
2.3 |
1.5 |
2.1 |
1.2 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
2.9 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
|
Aug 2008
|
2.3 |
1.6 |
2.1 |
1.2 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
2.8 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
2.4 |
|
Sep 2008
|
2.3 |
1.7 |
2.1 |
1.3 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.9 |
1.6 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
|
Oct 2008
|
2.3 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
1.3 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
3.1 |
1.5 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
|
Nov 2008
|
2.6 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
1.4 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
3.6 |
1.8 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
|
Dec 2008
|
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
1.7 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
4.1 |
1.9 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
|
Jan 2009
|
2.9 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
1.9 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
5.0 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
4.0 |
|
Feb 2009
|
3.1 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
2.4 |
4.0 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
5.4 |
2.9 |
3.8 |
4.6 |
|
Mar 2009
|
3.5 |
4.3 |
4.0 |
2.9 |
4.6 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
6.4 |
3.7 |
4.3 |
5.1 |
|
Apr 2009
|
3.7 |
4.4 |
4.0 |
3.5 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
4.4 |
5.8 |
3.8 |
4.4 |
5.3 |
|
May 2009
|
3.8 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
5.0 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
6.3 |
3.7 |
4.4 |
5.4 |
|
Jun 2009
|
4.0 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
4.3 |
4.6 |
4.4 |
5.7 |
3.2 |
4.2 |
5.6 |
|
Jul 2009
|
4.3 |
3.1 |
3.7 |
3.2 |
4.8 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
5.7 |
3.1 |
4.4 |
6.0 |
|
Aug 2009
|
4.6 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
4.8 |
4.8 |
5.8 |
3.0 |
4.6 |
6.2 |
|
Sep 2009
|
4.2 |
3.1 |
3.9 |
3.1 |
5.8 |
5.0 |
4.7 |
6.3 |
3.2 |
4.7 |
6.1 |
|
Oct 2009
|
3.8 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
3.0 |
5.6 |
5.1 |
4.4 |
5.6 |
2.6 |
4.6 |
5.8 |
|
Nov 2009
|
3.9 |
3.7 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
5.8 |
5.7 |
4.4 |
6.0 |
3.0 |
4.8 |
5.9 |
|
Dec 2009
|
4.4 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
3.4 |
6.3 |
5.9 |
4.4 |
6.7 |
3.0 |
5.1 |
6.2 |
|
Jan 2010
|
5.0 |
4.1 |
4.2 |
3.3 |
6.3 |
6.2 |
4.6 |
7.0 |
3.2 |
5.3 |
6.2 |
|
Feb 2010
|
5.0 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
3.3 |
5.8 |
6.2 |
4.8 |
6.5 |
3.0 |
5.3 |
6.2 |
|
Mar 2010
|
5.2 |
4.6 |
4.3 |
3.4 |
5.3 |
6.3 |
4.7 |
6.1 |
3.6 |
5.2 |
5.9 |
|
Apr 2010
|
3.9 |
3.7 |
3.8 |
2.8 |
4.5 |
5.6 |
4.0 |
5.0 |
2.7 |
4.5 |
5.4 |
|
May 2010
|
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
2.5 |
4.1 |
4.9 |
3.7 |
4.9 |
2.6 |
4.0 |
4.9 |
|
Jun 2010
|
3.5 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.2 |
4.1 |
4.4 |
3.6 |
4.5 |
2.5 |
3.8 |
4.8 |
|
Jul 2010
|
4.3 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
2.3 |
4.2 |
4.4 |
4.0 |
4.9 |
2.4 |
4.0 |
4.9 |
|
Aug 2010
|
4.3 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
2.2 |
4.1 |
4.6 |
3.7 |
4.6 |
2.4 |
3.9 |
4.9 |
|
Sep 2010
|
4.3 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
4.0 |
4.5 |
3.4 |
4.6 |
2.3 |
3.8 |
4.7 |
|
Oct 2010
|
4.2 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
3.9 |
4.3 |
3.1 |
4.8 |
2.2 |
3.5 |
4.5 |
|
Nov 2010
|
4.5 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
4.2 |
4.4 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
2.2 |
3.7 |
4.5 |
|
Dec 2010
|
5.0 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
2.4 |
4.4 |
4.7 |
3.2 |
5.5 |
2.2 |
3.9 |
4.6 |
|
Jan 2011
|
5.1 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
2.4 |
4.9 |
5.1 |
3.4 |
5.7 |
2.7 |
4.2 |
5.0 |
|
Feb 2011
|
5.4 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
2.5 |
4.9 |
4.9 |
3.4 |
5.9 |
2.5 |
4.3 |
4.9 |
|
Mar 2011
|
5.2 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
2.5 |
4.7 |
4.6 |
3.3 |
5.5 |
2.8 |
4.0 |
4.6 |
|
Apr 2011
|
4.8 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
4.6 |
4.1 |
3.1 |
4.8 |
2.4 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
|
May 2011
|
4.5 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
2.3 |
4.5 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
4.4 |
2.3 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
|
Jun 2011
|
4.5 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.3 |
4.8 |
3.7 |
3.1 |
4.2 |
2.2 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
|
Jul 2011
|
4.7 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
2.2 |
4.8 |
3.9 |
3.3 |
5.0 |
2.1 |
3.7 |
4.1 |
|
Aug 2011
|
4.8 |
2.5 |
3.0 |
2.1 |
4.7 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
4.7 |
2.1 |
3.7 |
4.0 |
|
Sep 2011
|
4.4 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
2.1 |
4.6 |
3.7 |
3.3 |
4.7 |
2.1 |
3.6 |
3.8 |
|
Oct 2011
|
4.2 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.1 |
4.4 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
4.7 |
2.0 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
|
Nov 2011
|
4.0 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
2.1 |
4.4 |
3.6 |
2.9 |
4.6 |
2.0 |
3.4 |
3.6 |
|
Dec 2011
|
4.2 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
2.2 |
4.7 |
3.9 |
3.0 |
5.1 |
1.9 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
|
Jan 2012
|
4.2 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
2.2 |
5.2 |
4.0 |
3.2 |
5.3 |
2.3 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
|
Feb 2012
|
4.1 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
5.5 |
4.3 |
3.3 |
5.0 |
2.1 |
3.9 |
3.7 |
|
Mar 2012
|
4.0 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
5.2 |
4.1 |
3.1 |
4.7 |
2.2 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
|
Apr 2012
|
3.8 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
4.2 |
3.7 |
2.7 |
4.4 |
1.9 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
|
May 2012
|
3.6 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
1.9 |
4.1 |
3.4 |
2.6 |
4.0 |
1.7 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
|
Jun 2012
|
3.8 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
1.9 |
4.1 |
3.4 |
2.6 |
3.6 |
1.6 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
|
Jul 2012
|
4.1 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
1.9 |
4.5 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
1.8 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
|
Aug 2012
|
4.2 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
1.8 |
4.5 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
1.8 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
|
Sep 2012
|
3.9 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
1.8 |
4.5 |
3.2 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
1.7 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
|
Oct 2012
|
3.8 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
1.8 |
4.3 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
1.6 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
|
Nov 2012
|
3.7 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
4.5 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
3.6 |
1.7 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
|
Dec 2012
|
3.7 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
4.4 |
3.4 |
2.7 |
3.7 |
1.5 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
|
Jan 2013
|
3.7 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
5.0 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
4.2 |
1.8 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
|
Feb 2013
|
4.0 |
3.2 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
4.8 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
4.2 |
1.9 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
|
Mar 2013
|
3.8 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
4.4 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
4.3 |
2.0 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
|
Apr 2013
|
3.7 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
1.9 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
|
May 2013
|
3.5 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
1.9 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
1.6 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
|
Jun 2013
|
3.5 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
1.7 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
1.6 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
|
Jul 2013
|
3.9 |
2.1 |
2.5 |
1.8 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
1.6 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
|
Aug 2013
|
3.6 |
2.0 |
2.4 |
1.7 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
1.4 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
|
Sep 2013
|
3.5 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
1.5 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
|
Oct 2013
|
3.3 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
1.4 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
|
Nov 2013
|
3.2 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
1.7 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
3.3 |
1.5 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
|
Dec 2013
|
3.3 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
3.8 |
1.3 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
|
Jan 2014
|
3.3 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
1.8 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
3.9 |
1.5 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
|
Feb 2014
|
3.4 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
3.7 |
1.5 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
|
Mar 2014
|
3.2 |
3.0 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
3.7 |
1.8 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
|
Apr 2014
|
2.8 |
2.5 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
3.2 |
1.5 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
|
May 2014
|
2.5 |
2.1 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
3.0 |
1.3 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
|
Jun 2014
|
2.4 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
2.6 |
1.1 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
|
Jul 2014
|
2.6 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
2.5 |
1.1 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
|
Aug 2014
|
2.5 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
1.1 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
|
Sep 2014
|
2.4 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.1 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
2.3 |
1.2 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
|
Oct 2014
|
2.2 |
1.6 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
1.6 |
2.3 |
1.0 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
|
Nov 2014
|
2.2 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
2.5 |
1.1 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
Dec 2014
|
2.3 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
2.6 |
2.2 |
1.6 |
2.4 |
1.0 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
Jan 2015
|
2.4 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
2.9 |
2.2 |
1.7 |
2.7 |
1.1 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
|
Feb 2015
|
2.5 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
2.6 |
1.1 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
Mar 2015
|
2.5 |
1.9 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
2.6 |
1.2 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
|
Apr 2015
|
2.4 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
2.2 |
1.2 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
|
May 2015
|
2.2 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
1.9 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Jun 2015
|
2.1 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Jul 2015
|
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
2.1 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
0.8 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Aug 2015
|
2.1 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
0.9 |
2.2 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
0.9 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Sep 2015
|
1.9 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
2.0 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
0.8 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
|
Oct 2015
|
1.8 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
0.8 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
|
Nov 2015
|
1.7 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
0.8 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
|
Dec 2015
|
1.7 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
0.7 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
|
Jan 2016
|
1.7 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
0.8 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
|
Feb 2016
|
1.9 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
0.8 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Mar 2016
|
1.9 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.9 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
|
Apr 2016
|
1.8 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
|
May 2016
|
1.7 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
0.9 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
|
Jun 2016
|
1.6 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
0.8 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
|
Jul 2016
|
1.6 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
1.6 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
0.7 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
|
Aug 2016
|
1.7 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
1.6 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
0.7 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
|
Sep 2016
|
1.6 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
|
Oct 2016
|
1.6 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
|
Nov 2016
|
1.5 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
0.7 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
|
Dec 2016
|
1.4 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
0.7 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
|
Jan 2017
|
1.5 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
|
Feb 2017
|
1.5 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
0.8 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
|
Mar 2017
|
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
|
Apr 2017
|
1.3 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
|
May 2017
|
1.2 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
|
Jun 2017
|
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
|
Jul 2017
|
1.4 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
Aug 2017
|
1.4 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
Sep 2017
|
1.3 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
Oct 2017
|
1.2 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
|
Nov 2017
|
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
|
Dec 2017
|
1.2 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
0.5 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
|
Jan 2018
|
1.4 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
Feb 2018
|
1.5 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
Mar 2018
|
1.5 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
Apr 2018
|
1.4 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
May 2018
|
1.2 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
|
Jun 2018
|
1.1 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
|
Jul 2018
|
1.2 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
|
Aug 2018
|
1.1 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.4 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
|
Sep 2018
|
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
|
Oct 2018
|
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
|
Nov 2018
|
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
|
Dec 2018
|
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
Trends in hiring: Northeast
JOLTS defines hires as all additions to the payroll during the month. As chart 3 shows, hires rates in the Northeast region are lower than the U.S. average for most of the JOLTS series. However, all states in the Northeast do not trend lower than the U.S. average. Maine, with more extreme seasonal employment patterns, has very high levels of hires in the summer months. In contrast, New Jersey experiences less seasonal change and has hiring rate patterns more in line with the Northeastern region. Chart 3 illustrates how aggregate regional JOLTS estimates do not always reveal the large seasonal patterns that some states experience.
Chart 3. Hires rates in the United States, Northeast Region, and select Northeastern states, June 2004–December 2018, not seasonally adjusted
| Date |
Connecticut |
Maine |
Massachusetts |
New Hampshire |
New Jersey |
New York |
Pennsylvania |
Rhode Island |
Vermont |
Northeast |
United States |
|
Jun 2004
|
3.5 |
6.1 |
3.9 |
5.0 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
4.5 |
4.7 |
5.4 |
4.0 |
4.3 |
|
Jul 2004
|
3.5 |
6.0 |
3.9 |
5.1 |
4.3 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
4.5 |
5.3 |
3.9 |
4.2 |
|
Aug 2004
|
3.5 |
5.6 |
4.1 |
4.9 |
3.9 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
4.4 |
5.4 |
3.9 |
4.2 |
|
Sep 2004
|
3.9 |
4.5 |
4.1 |
4.8 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
4.5 |
5.1 |
3.9 |
4.1 |
|
Oct 2004
|
3.9 |
4.3 |
4.3 |
4.6 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
4.2 |
4.4 |
5.0 |
3.9 |
4.1 |
|
Nov 2004
|
3.9 |
4.1 |
4.0 |
4.3 |
4.0 |
3.6 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
4.6 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
|
Dec 2004
|
3.5 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
5.0 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
|
Jan 2005
|
3.5 |
3.6 |
2.9 |
3.9 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
5.1 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
|
Feb 2005
|
3.2 |
3.1 |
2.6 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
4.7 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
|
Mar 2005
|
3.1 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
3.7 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
|
Apr 2005
|
3.2 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
4.0 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.7 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
|
May 2005
|
3.3 |
4.8 |
3.6 |
4.8 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
4.2 |
4.3 |
4.6 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
|
Jun 2005
|
3.7 |
5.9 |
4.4 |
5.5 |
4.4 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
4.7 |
5.4 |
4.1 |
4.4 |
|
Jul 2005
|
3.6 |
6.1 |
4.3 |
5.5 |
4.7 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
4.5 |
5.6 |
4.1 |
4.4 |
|
Aug 2005
|
3.6 |
5.5 |
4.0 |
5.3 |
4.6 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
4.5 |
5.3 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
|
Sep 2005
|
3.8 |
4.6 |
3.5 |
5.2 |
4.5 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
4.6 |
5.0 |
4.0 |
4.3 |
|
Oct 2005
|
3.5 |
4.0 |
3.4 |
4.7 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
4.6 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
|
Nov 2005
|
3.3 |
3.8 |
3.4 |
4.4 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
4.1 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
|
Dec 2005
|
2.6 |
3.4 |
2.7 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
|
Jan 2006
|
3.0 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
3.8 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
4.4 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
|
Feb 2006
|
2.9 |
3.1 |
2.4 |
3.6 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
4.6 |
2.6 |
3.4 |
|
Mar 2006
|
3.2 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
3.9 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
4.2 |
3.0 |
3.7 |
|
Apr 2006
|
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
4.0 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
|
May 2006
|
3.7 |
4.4 |
3.5 |
4.6 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
4.4 |
3.7 |
4.1 |
|
Jun 2006
|
3.7 |
5.4 |
4.1 |
5.2 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
4.7 |
5.2 |
3.9 |
4.4 |
|
Jul 2006
|
3.9 |
5.7 |
4.1 |
5.4 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
4.6 |
5.3 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
|
Aug 2006
|
3.7 |
5.3 |
4.0 |
5.1 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
4.6 |
5.2 |
3.9 |
4.4 |
|
Sep 2006
|
3.8 |
4.5 |
3.8 |
4.8 |
4.0 |
3.5 |
4.1 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
|
Oct 2006
|
3.5 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
4.3 |
3.7 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
4.3 |
3.6 |
4.2 |
|
Nov 2006
|
3.2 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
|
Dec 2006
|
2.8 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
|
Jan 2007
|
2.7 |
3.6 |
2.7 |
3.7 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
|
Feb 2007
|
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.6 |
3.4 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
3.8 |
2.6 |
3.3 |
|
Mar 2007
|
2.9 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
3.6 |
|
Apr 2007
|
2.9 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.7 |
|
May 2007
|
3.2 |
3.9 |
3.2 |
4.1 |
3.7 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
3.4 |
4.1 |
|
Jun 2007
|
3.4 |
4.7 |
3.5 |
4.9 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
4.0 |
4.7 |
3.6 |
4.3 |
|
Jul 2007
|
3.6 |
5.0 |
3.7 |
5.2 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
5.2 |
3.7 |
4.3 |
|
Aug 2007
|
3.7 |
4.8 |
3.7 |
5.2 |
3.8 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
5.3 |
3.7 |
4.3 |
|
Sep 2007
|
3.8 |
4.2 |
3.4 |
4.8 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
4.9 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
|
Oct 2007
|
3.5 |
3.8 |
3.1 |
4.4 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
4.4 |
3.5 |
4.1 |
|
Nov 2007
|
3.2 |
3.7 |
3.0 |
4.1 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
|
Dec 2007
|
2.8 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
3.7 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
3.1 |
4.2 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
|
Jan 2008
|
2.7 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
4.5 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
|
Feb 2008
|
2.4 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
3.5 |
4.1 |
2.6 |
3.1 |
|
Mar 2008
|
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
|
Apr 2008
|
2.9 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
|
May 2008
|
3.1 |
4.2 |
3.1 |
4.1 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
4.0 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
|
Jun 2008
|
3.3 |
4.9 |
3.2 |
4.4 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
4.2 |
4.6 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
|
Jul 2008
|
3.1 |
4.9 |
3.0 |
4.5 |
4.0 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
4.6 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
|
Aug 2008
|
3.2 |
4.5 |
3.1 |
4.5 |
4.0 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
4.0 |
4.6 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
|
Sep 2008
|
3.1 |
3.9 |
3.1 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
|
Oct 2008
|
3.1 |
3.7 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
|
Nov 2008
|
2.9 |
3.4 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
|
Dec 2008
|
2.5 |
3.0 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
2.6 |
3.4 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
|
Jan 2009
|
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.2 |
3.3 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
|
Feb 2009
|
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
3.3 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
3.4 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
|
Mar 2009
|
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
3.3 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
|
Apr 2009
|
2.5 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
2.2 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
|
May 2009
|
2.9 |
4.0 |
2.7 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
|
Jun 2009
|
3.2 |
4.7 |
3.1 |
4.3 |
3.6 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
4.0 |
4.5 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
|
Jul 2009
|
3.2 |
5.0 |
3.1 |
4.1 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
4.5 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
|
Aug 2009
|
3.2 |
4.5 |
3.5 |
4.1 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.7 |
4.3 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
|
Sep 2009
|
3.0 |
3.9 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.3 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
|
Oct 2009
|
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
|
Nov 2009
|
2.8 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
|
Dec 2009
|
2.5 |
3.3 |
2.4 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
3.7 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
|
Jan 2010
|
2.5 |
3.2 |
2.2 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
3.5 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
|
Feb 2010
|
2.4 |
2.8 |
1.9 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
3.4 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
|
Mar 2010
|
2.5 |
3.1 |
2.2 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
|
Apr 2010
|
2.9 |
3.5 |
2.3 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
|
May 2010
|
3.5 |
4.6 |
2.9 |
4.3 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
|
Jun 2010
|
3.6 |
5.2 |
3.3 |
4.6 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
3.4 |
4.1 |
4.4 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
|
Jul 2010
|
3.3 |
5.2 |
3.4 |
4.7 |
2.9 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
4.8 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
|
Aug 2010
|
2.9 |
4.6 |
3.3 |
4.3 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
4.5 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
|
Sep 2010
|
3.0 |
3.9 |
3.1 |
4.0 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.7 |
4.3 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
|
Oct 2010
|
2.7 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
2.8 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
|
Nov 2010
|
2.5 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
|
Dec 2010
|
2.2 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
3.1 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
4.0 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
|
Jan 2011
|
2.1 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
3.1 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
3.8 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
|
Feb 2011
|
2.0 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
3.5 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
|
Mar 2011
|
2.1 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
|
Apr 2011
|
2.3 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
|
May 2011
|
2.7 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
|
Jun 2011
|
3.1 |
4.5 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
4.8 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
|
Jul 2011
|
3.3 |
4.8 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
5.0 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
|
Aug 2011
|
3.1 |
4.3 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.7 |
4.7 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
|
Sep 2011
|
2.7 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
4.2 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
|
Oct 2011
|
2.4 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
3.9 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
|
Nov 2011
|
2.3 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
|
Dec 2011
|
2.0 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
3.0 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
3.7 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
|
Jan 2012
|
2.1 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
3.3 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
3.6 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
|
Feb 2012
|
2.1 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
3.1 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
|
Mar 2012
|
2.5 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
3.1 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
|
Apr 2012
|
2.6 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
|
May 2012
|
2.8 |
3.6 |
2.7 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
4.0 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
|
Jun 2012
|
2.9 |
4.6 |
3.1 |
4.4 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.9 |
4.7 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
|
Jul 2012
|
2.8 |
4.7 |
3.3 |
4.3 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
3.9 |
4.5 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
|
Aug 2012
|
2.7 |
4.3 |
3.1 |
4.2 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
4.4 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
|
Sep 2012
|
2.7 |
3.5 |
2.7 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
|
Oct 2012
|
2.5 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
|
Nov 2012
|
2.4 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
|
Dec 2012
|
2.0 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
3.4 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
|
Jan 2013
|
2.2 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
3.2 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.5 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
|
Feb 2013
|
2.1 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
3.1 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
|
Mar 2013
|
2.4 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
3.1 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.5 |
3.0 |
|
Apr 2013
|
2.4 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
|
May 2013
|
2.6 |
4.0 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
3.1 |
3.5 |
|
Jun 2013
|
2.8 |
4.7 |
3.4 |
4.2 |
3.7 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
|
Jul 2013
|
2.9 |
4.9 |
3.2 |
4.3 |
3.6 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
4.4 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
|
Aug 2013
|
3.0 |
4.2 |
3.2 |
4.2 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
4.3 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
|
Sep 2013
|
2.8 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
3.1 |
3.7 |
|
Oct 2013
|
2.5 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
|
Nov 2013
|
2.2 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
|
Dec 2013
|
2.0 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
3.1 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
2.4 |
3.0 |
|
Jan 2014
|
2.0 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
3.1 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
2.8 |
2.4 |
3.4 |
2.3 |
2.9 |
|
Feb 2014
|
1.9 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
3.2 |
2.2 |
2.8 |
|
Mar 2014
|
2.1 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.1 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
2.4 |
3.1 |
|
Apr 2014
|
2.2 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
3.3 |
|
May 2014
|
2.5 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
3.0 |
3.7 |
|
Jun 2014
|
2.7 |
4.6 |
3.9 |
4.3 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
4.3 |
3.2 |
3.9 |
|
Jul 2014
|
2.8 |
4.7 |
3.4 |
4.5 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
4.4 |
3.2 |
3.9 |
|
Aug 2014
|
2.8 |
4.1 |
3.2 |
4.3 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
3.1 |
3.9 |
|
Sep 2014
|
3.1 |
3.7 |
3.3 |
4.3 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
|
Oct 2014
|
3.1 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
4.2 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
|
Nov 2014
|
2.9 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
4.1 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
3.7 |
|
Dec 2014
|
2.6 |
3.0 |
2.4 |
3.8 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
4.0 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
|
Jan 2015
|
2.4 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
3.6 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
4.2 |
2.5 |
3.2 |
|
Feb 2015
|
2.4 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
3.5 |
2.7 |
2.1 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
4.0 |
2.5 |
3.1 |
|
Mar 2015
|
2.3 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
2.4 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
|
Apr 2015
|
2.5 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
|
May 2015
|
2.7 |
4.2 |
3.1 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
|
Jun 2015
|
2.9 |
4.9 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
|
Jul 2015
|
3.1 |
5.2 |
3.0 |
4.3 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
5.0 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
|
Aug 2015
|
3.4 |
4.7 |
2.9 |
4.3 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
4.9 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
|
Sep 2015
|
3.6 |
4.0 |
3.0 |
4.1 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
4.6 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
|
Oct 2015
|
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
4.2 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
|
Nov 2015
|
3.2 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
|
Dec 2015
|
2.7 |
3.5 |
2.7 |
3.8 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
3.1 |
4.3 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
|
Jan 2016
|
2.6 |
3.5 |
2.6 |
3.8 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
4.2 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
|
Feb 2016
|
2.4 |
3.3 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
3.9 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
|
Mar 2016
|
2.7 |
3.3 |
2.5 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
|
Apr 2016
|
3.0 |
3.8 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
|
May 2016
|
3.2 |
4.6 |
3.1 |
3.7 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
|
Jun 2016
|
3.3 |
5.3 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
4.7 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
|
Jul 2016
|
3.2 |
5.1 |
3.7 |
4.4 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
5.1 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
|
Aug 2016
|
3.6 |
4.6 |
3.8 |
4.6 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
5.0 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
|
Sep 2016
|
3.6 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
4.5 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
|
Oct 2016
|
3.4 |
3.6 |
3.8 |
4.0 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
4.1 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
|
Nov 2016
|
3.1 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
|
Dec 2016
|
2.8 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
3.1 |
4.0 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
|
Jan 2017
|
2.9 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
4.0 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
|
Feb 2017
|
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
|
Mar 2017
|
2.8 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
3.3 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
|
Apr 2017
|
3.2 |
3.5 |
2.5 |
3.4 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.5 |
|
May 2017
|
4.0 |
4.7 |
2.9 |
4.2 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
4.7 |
4.4 |
4.6 |
3.6 |
3.8 |
|
Jun 2017
|
4.3 |
5.5 |
3.3 |
4.7 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
5.0 |
4.9 |
5.5 |
3.9 |
4.1 |
|
Jul 2017
|
3.9 |
5.5 |
3.7 |
4.9 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
4.5 |
4.7 |
6.3 |
3.9 |
4.2 |
|
Aug 2017
|
3.2 |
4.6 |
3.5 |
4.6 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
5.7 |
3.6 |
4.2 |
|
Sep 2017
|
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
4.2 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
4.0 |
4.9 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
|
Oct 2017
|
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
4.2 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
|
Nov 2017
|
3.3 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
4.0 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
|
Dec 2017
|
2.8 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
3.8 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
|
Jan 2018
|
2.5 |
3.4 |
2.4 |
3.8 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
3.4 |
2.5 |
3.2 |
|
Feb 2018
|
2.2 |
3.0 |
2.2 |
3.5 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
3.2 |
2.4 |
3.2 |
|
Mar 2018
|
2.4 |
3.1 |
2.5 |
3.4 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.5 |
|
Apr 2018
|
2.6 |
3.7 |
2.6 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
|
May 2018
|
3.2 |
4.8 |
3.2 |
4.1 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
3.4 |
4.0 |
|
Jun 2018
|
3.6 |
6.3 |
3.7 |
5.0 |
4.0 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
4.8 |
5.2 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
|
Jul 2018
|
3.5 |
6.4 |
3.9 |
5.1 |
4.0 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
4.8 |
6.4 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
|
Aug 2018
|
3.4 |
5.7 |
3.6 |
5.1 |
3.8 |
3.7 |
4.1 |
4.6 |
6.1 |
3.9 |
4.3 |
|
Sep 2018
|
3.2 |
4.2 |
3.4 |
4.2 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
5.1 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
|
Oct 2018
|
3.2 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
3.3 |
4.1 |
|
Nov 2018
|
3.1 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
3.9 |
|
Dec 2018
|
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
3.1 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
4.1 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
Trends in separations: Northeast
Trends in separations often mirror the trends in hires. States with higher seasonal hiring patterns, such as Maine, also tend to exhibit higher seasonal separations patterns. JOLTS defines separations as the number of employees separated from the payroll during the month. Total separations are composed of quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Other separations are not published with the release of experimental state estimates as they are a minor portion of total separations.
Quits, a component of total separations, are voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Quits can show employee confidence in the labor market. Employees tend to quit their jobs more frequently when they are confident they can find another one. At the U.S. level, quits increased by 6 percent from 2017 to 2018. Table 1 shows that New Jersey and Maine experienced increases, but many Northeast states saw decreases over the year. Rhode Island and Vermont had no change in quits levels between 2017 and 2018.
Table 1. Quits levels in the United States, Northeast region, and Northeastern States in 2017 and 2018, not seasonally adjusted, levels in thousands
| Area |
Level by year |
Over-the-year change |
| 2017 |
2018 |
Percent |
|
United States
|
37,529 |
39,876 |
6 |
|
Northeast
|
5,415 |
5,377 |
-1 |
|
Connecticut
|
336 |
305 |
-9 |
|
Maine
|
144 |
150 |
4 |
|
Massachusetts
|
660 |
650 |
-2 |
|
New Hampshire
|
179 |
166 |
-7 |
|
New Jersey
|
755 |
828 |
10 |
|
New York
|
1,722 |
1,710 |
-1 |
|
Pennsylvania
|
1,418 |
1,372 |
-3 |
|
Rhode Island
|
115 |
115 |
0 |
|
Vermont
|
82 |
82 |
0 |
Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. At the U.S. level, layoffs and discharges increased by 1 percent from 2017 to 2018. However, during this time the Northeast region experienced a 4-percent decrease in layoffs and discharges. Within the Northeast region, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts experienced large decreases in layoffs and discharges from 2017 to 2018. New York, Maine, and New Hampshire were the only states in the Northeast in which layoffs and discharges increased from 2017 to 2018.
Table 2. Layoffs and discharges levels in the United States, Northeast region, and Northeastern states in 2017 and 2018, not seasonally adjusted, levels in thousands
| Area |
Level by year |
Over-the-year change |
| 2017 |
2018 |
Percent |
|
United States
|
21,597 |
21,846 |
1 |
|
Northeast
|
4,149 |
3,970 |
-4 |
|
Connecticut
|
268 |
219 |
-18 |
|
Maine
|
120 |
126 |
5 |
|
Massachusetts
|
520 |
462 |
-11 |
|
New Hampshire
|
119 |
123 |
3 |
|
New Jersey
|
578 |
568 |
-2 |
|
New York
|
1,312 |
1,405 |
7 |
|
Pennsylvania
|
1,084 |
928 |
-14 |
|
Rhode Island
|
88 |
84 |
-5 |
|
Vermont
|
61 |
58 |
-5 |
Trends in churn rates: Northeast
The churn rate is defined in this article as the sum of the hires rate and the separations rate. A high churn rate indicates a labor market with high hires, high separations, or both. And it can signify more frequent job-to-job movement of workers in the labor market. Conversely, a low churn rate indicates a labor market with low hires, low separations, or both. The only states with 2018 churn rates higher than the U.S. average were Vermont, Maine, and New Hampshire. (See chart 4.) As shown by the data above, these states tend to have more seasonal employment patterns, which can lead to more frequent job-to-job movement. Connecticut, New York, and Massachusetts had the lowest churn rates in 2018.
Chart 4. Average monthly churn, hires, and separations rates in United States, Northeast region, and Northeastern states in 2018, not seasonally adjusted
| Area |
Hires |
Separations |
|
Connecticut
|
3.0 |
2.8 |
|
New York
|
3.0 |
2.9 |
|
Massachusetts
|
3.1 |
2.8 |
|
New Jersey
|
3.2 |
3.0 |
|
Northeast
|
3.2 |
3.1 |
|
Pennsylvania
|
3.5 |
3.4 |
|
Rhode Island
|
3.8 |
3.6 |
|
United States
|
3.8 |
3.7 |
|
New Hampshire
|
4.0 |
3.8 |
|
Maine
|
4.2 |
3.9 |
|
Vermont
|
4.3 |
4.0 |
Trends in fill rates: Northeast
The fill rate is used to evaluate how employers differ in the rate that open jobs are filled. The annual fill rate is the ratio of hires to job openings over the year. An annual fill rate near or above 1.0 can indicate that employers are more efficient at filling job openings over the year. On the other hand, an annual fill rate less than 1.0 can indicate a tighter labor market, with employers having difficulties filling job openings. Table 3 shows that from 2017 to 2018, fill rates declined for the nation, Northeast region, and all Northeastern states except for Massachusetts. In both years, New Hampshire had the highest annual fill rate of the Northeastern states. Massachusetts had the lowest in 2017 and New Jersey had the lowest in 2018.
Table 3. Annual average fill rates in the United States, Northeast region, and Northeastern states in 2017 and 2018, not seasonally adjusted
| Area |
Fill rate by year |
Over-the-year change |
| 2017 |
2018 |
|
United States
|
0.90 |
0.81 |
-0.09 |
|
Northeast
|
0.82 |
0.73 |
-0.09 |
|
Connecticut
|
0.82 |
0.75 |
-0.07 |
|
Maine
|
0.87 |
0.80 |
-0.07 |
|
Massachusetts
|
0.70 |
0.71 |
0.00 |
|
New Hampshire
|
0.95 |
0.82 |
-0.13 |
|
New Jersey
|
0.80 |
0.70 |
-0.09 |
|
New York
|
0.85 |
0.74 |
-0.11 |
|
Pennsylvania
|
0.84 |
0.72 |
-0.12 |
|
Rhode Island
|
0.88 |
0.78 |
-0.10 |
|
Vermont
|
0.91 |
0.80 |
-0.11 |
Conclusion
JOLTS experimental state estimates allow for economic comparisons among states, regionally and nationally. The analyses in this article show differing labor trends between states within the Northeast region. Through job openings, hires, and separations and other measures such as churn rate and fill rate, JOLTS experimental state estimates provide valuable information about labor demand, labor turnover, and business cycles. JOLTS state-level estimates allow researchers and policymakers to better understand state-level economies, and help businesses and workers make better informed decisions at a more granular level than national and regional estimates. State estimates can also be useful to those seeking employment opportunities as this information can help jobseekers evaluate labor market opportunities across states.
The JOLTS program invites your comments on the experimental state estimates. Please visit our website at https://www.bls.gov/jlt/jlt_statedata.htm, call us at (202) 691-5870, or email us at JoltsInfo@bls.gov.
This Beyond the Numbers article was prepared by Hope Allen and Larry Akinyooye, economists in the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Program, Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Telephone: (202) 691-5870. Contact the JOLTS program directly by completing the form at https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/forms/jlt?/jlt/home.htm.
Information in this article will be made available upon request to individuals with sensory impairments. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200. Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. This article is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission.
United States Department of Labor
