Figure 7A. Index of direct hours, subcontractor hours, and total labor hours in new single-family construction, 1987–2016 (base year 1987 = 100)
Year	Direct hours	Subcontractor hours	Total hours
1987	100.00	100.00	100.00
1988	103.02	105.10	104.02
1989	102.36	107.68	104.91
1990	100.24	107.21	103.58
1991	89.30	97.70	93.33
1992	87.94	95.96	91.79
1993	92.85	102.37	97.41
1994	99.66	110.96	105.07
1995	100.08	115.10	107.28
1996	104.61	121.43	112.67
1997	108.46	129.07	118.34
1998	115.90	141.26	128.06
1999	128.79	159.37	143.45
2000	134.76	171.56	152.40
2001	133.74	180.38	156.10
2002	139.81	184.34	161.15
2003	140.80	182.27	160.68
2004	148.47	184.79	165.88
2005	155.56	188.96	171.57
2006	169.88	185.44	177.34
2007	153.69	171.71	162.33
2008	124.81	140.30	132.24
2009	98.88	103.61	101.15
2010	86.72	85.94	86.35
2011	80.93	75.98	78.56
2012	79.10	67.93	73.75
2013	84.88	71.35	78.39
2014	93.24	76.22	85.09
2015	97.08	79.97	88.88
2016	101.32	83.08	92.57
Note: Recession periods are July 1990 to March 1991, March 2001 to November 2001, and December 2007 to June 2009, as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research. Source: U.S. Bureau of labor statistics.