Figure 7B. Index of direct hours, subcontractor hours, and total labor hours in new multifamily housing construction, 1987–2016 (base year 1987 = 100)
Year	Direct hours	Subcontractor hours	Total hours
1987	100.00	100.00	100.00
1988	98.89	92.51	94.85
1989	92.94	82.70	86.44
1990	85.54	71.06	76.36
1991	71.21	55.02	60.94
1992	65.83	44.89	52.54
1993	69.63	53.24	59.23
1994	74.71	63.72	67.73
1995	75.31	72.39	73.46
1996	78.38	83.05	81.35
1997	82.44	95.27	90.58
1998	88.39	104.57	98.65
1999	97.45	118.08	110.54
2000	102.51	127.65	118.46
2001	104.36	134.48	123.47
2002	111.75	137.05	127.80
2003	108.54	142.24	129.92
2004	106.35	151.56	135.04
2005	110.25	163.18	143.83
2006	109.31	170.23	147.97
2007	95.03	166.87	140.61
2008	87.16	144.38	123.47
2009	71.71	112.23	97.42
2010	60.58	98.28	84.50
2011	56.49	92.70	79.47
2012	52.99	89.24	75.99
2013	59.23	94.14	81.38
2014	70.12	100.59	89.45
2015	70.58	105.59	92.79
2016	77.15	110.07	98.04
Note: Recession periods are July 1990 to March 1991, March 2001 to November 2001, and December 2007 to June 2009, as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research. Source: U.S. Bureau of labor statistics.