Chart 1. Absolute year-ending annual percent change for PPI for dealership markups and absolute difference between year-ending annual percent changes for CPI and PPI for new vehicles, pandemic included, 2007–22
Year	Percent change for PPI for dealership markups	Difference in percent changes for CPI and PPI for new vehicles
2007	0.0	0.3
2008	15.1	6.7
2009	9.4	4.6
2010	1.5	0.4
2011	4.9	0.3
2012	6.6	0.8
2013	4.1	1.4
2014	0.9	0.8
2015	7.8	2.6
2016	6.8	1.6
2017	7.7	1.2
2018	2.6	1.0
2019	4.1	0.2
2020	31.9	1.2
2021	119.0	9.3
2022	15.3	1.3
Note: R-squared = 0.5998. CPI = Consumer Price Index; PPI = Producer Price Index. Source: Author's calculations based on data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.