Chart 4. CPI, PPI, and MPI for new vehicles and input price indexes with and without markups, January 2019–December 2022
Date	CPI for new vehicles	PPI for new vehicles	MPI for new vehicles	Input price index without markups	Input price index including markups
Jan 2019	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Feb 2019	100.11	99.81	100.00	99.85	99.80
Mar 2019	100.50	99.31	99.90	99.44	99.56
Apr 2019	100.53	99.12	99.71	99.25	99.53
May 2019	100.41	98.99	99.71	99.15	99.24
Jun 2019	100.24	98.87	99.71	99.05	99.20
Jul 2019	99.98	98.68	99.33	98.82	98.94
Aug 2019	99.59	98.36	99.33	98.58	98.71
Sep 2019	99.18	98.17	99.24	98.41	98.60
Oct 2019	99.09	99.81	99.24	99.68	99.70
Nov 2019	99.09	100.13	99.33	99.95	99.90
Dec 2019	99.43	99.75	99.24	99.63	99.55
Jan 2020	100.13	98.87	100.19	99.16	99.20
Feb 2020	100.51	99.24	100.19	99.45	99.49
Mar 2020	100.04	98.30	100.10	98.65	98.87
Apr 2020	99.96	98.93	100.96	99.38	99.01
May 2020	100.11	98.55	100.96	99.17	99.21
Jun 2020	100.03	98.36	100.96	99.05	100.13
Jul 2020	100.51	98.42	100.67	98.95	100.92
Aug 2020	100.24	98.55	100.86	99.05	101.05
Sep 2020	100.21	98.55	101.24	99.14	101.12
Oct 2020	100.61	99.75	101.34	100.10	102.18
Nov 2020	100.68	100.13	101.15	100.36	102.35
Dec 2020	101.38	100.44	101.24	100.62	102.06
Jan 2021	101.58	100.69	101.72	100.94	102.16
Feb 2021	101.67	100.63	101.62	100.87	102.53
Mar 2021	101.54	100.38	101.72	100.70	103.02
Apr 2021	101.93	100.57	101.91	100.91	105.93
May 2021	103.46	101.20	101.91	101.38	110.32
Jun 2021	105.30	101.70	101.91	101.75	113.28
Jul 2021	106.90	101.87	102.01	101.90	113.74
Aug 2021	107.88	102.09	102.01	102.07	114.82
Sep 2021	108.97	102.07	102.01	102.05	117.10
Oct 2021	110.52	102.80	102.39	102.71	120.14
Nov 2021	111.87	102.93	102.48	102.85	122.19
Dec 2021	113.32	102.92	102.48	102.83	122.91
Jan 2022	113.96	103.18	103.15	103.17	122.38
Feb 2022	114.26	103.69	103.25	103.59	122.61
Mar 2022	114.28	103.70	103.25	103.60	122.67
Apr 2022	115.40	104.57	103.53	104.35	123.94
May 2022	116.52	105.11	103.82	104.85	125.67
Jun 2022	117.33	105.48	104.11	105.20	127.29
Jul 2022	118.06	105.76	104.58	105.53	125.98
Aug 2022	118.73	105.86	104.58	105.58	124.85
Sep 2022	119.21	105.94	104.58	105.65	124.18
Oct 2022	119.79	107.14	105.44	106.79	122.70
Nov 2022	119.92	107.26	105.54	106.90	121.96
Dec 2022	119.99	107.64	105.54	107.18	119.68
Note: CPI = Consumer Price Index; PPI = Producer Price Index; MPI = Import Price Index. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and author's calculations based on BLS data.