Chart 3. Labor productivity in the manufacturing sector, by output measure, 1997–2021 (index, 1997 = 100)
Year	Value-added labor productivity	Sectoral labor productivity	Gross labor productivity
1997	100.00	100.00	100.00
1998	104.34	104.40	104.51
1999	112.25	110.56	110.05
2000	120.41	114.42	113.77
2001	120.98	116.57	115.24
2002	133.42	126.72	123.71
2003	151.89	134.96	131.17
2004	160.56	139.15	134.93
2005	165.05	146.22	141.39
2006	172.81	147.44	142.53
2007	179.16	154.34	148.38
2008	189.44	154.04	148.11
2009	186.54	155.93	147.42
2010	203.27	165.79	156.39
2011	200.11	167.29	157.75
2012	192.67	165.25	156.65
2013	192.19	167.10	158.59
2014	197.98	166.10	158.69
2015	194.09	163.05	156.96
2016	189.27	162.86	155.75
2017	196.05	161.05	154.28
2018	198.82	161.29	154.25
2019	192.43	157.41	150.77
2020	200.10	158.10	151.80
2021	217.89	161.01	153.00
Note: The business cycle periods are 2000–07, 2007–19, and 2019–21. The latter period is an incomplete business cycle. The recession periods are 2007–09 and 2019–20. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics unpublished manufacturing production account.