Chart 5. Total, within-sector, and out-of-sector real intermediate inputs for the manufacturing sector, annual percent change, 1997–2021
Year Out-of sector intermediate inputs Within-sector intermediate inputs Total intermediate inputs

1997

6.88 7.23 6.97

1998

5.21 5.09 5.05

1999

2.79 2.48 2.57

2000

-2.01 2.35 0.15

2001

-3.72 -6.38 -5.15

2002

0.12 -2.77 -1.35

2003

-5.47 -0.06 -2.91

2004

-0.67 1.75 0.53

2005

6.48 2.96 4.70

2006

-2.57 1.56 -0.61

2007

4.07 1.15 2.64

2008

-8.74 -4.48 -6.98

2009

-11.61 -17.01 -14.05

2010

4.52 6.23 5.51

2011

5.07 2.80 4.13

2012

3.63 2.94 3.51

2013

2.48 2.29 2.40

2014

-2.08 3.31 0.27

2015

-1.79 1.28 -0.33

2016

2.25 -2.32 0.12

2017

-5.13 0.39 -2.50

2018

0.00 1.40 0.68

2019

-2.56 -1.75 -2.15

2020

-11.49 -6.31 -8.89

2021

-1.09 1.65 -0.02

Note: The business cycle periods are 2000–07, 2007–19, and 2019–21. The latter period is an incomplete business cycle. The recession periods are 2007–09 and 2019–20.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics unpublished manufacturing production account.