Chart 4. Share of private payrolls in moderately and highly concentrated labor markets, by market definition, 2023, in percent
Market definition Moderately concentrated Highly concentrated

Nation, subsector

2.4 0.5

Nation, industry group

0.7 2.3

Nation, industry

3.4 2.5

State, subsector

3.1 3.8

State, industry group

4.9 7.5

State, industry

7.3 12.8

MSA, subsector

7.3 10.4

MSA, industry group

8.6 17.8

MSA, industry

10.7 25.8

County, subsector

9.5 18.4

County, industry group

11.6 28.4

County, industry

12.7 39.0

Note: HHI = Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. MSA = metropolitan statistical area. Markets are categorized by their total annual wage HHI as follows: HHI < 1,500: "unconcentrated"; 1,500 <= HHI <= 2,500: "moderately concentrated"; HHI > 2,500: "highly concentrated."