Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September 1.9 13.9 11.2 2.7 12.0 9.8 2.2 December -13.3 9.9 7.7 2.2 23.2 20.4 2.8 1993 March -10.2 11.1 9.0 2.1 21.3 17.5 3.8 June 21.5 29.9 26.1 3.8 8.4 6.8 1.6 September 3.5 14.1 11.9 2.2 10.6 8.7 1.9 December -12.2 9.5 7.5 2.0 21.7 19.2 2.5 1994 March -9.9 11.4 9.1 2.3 21.3 17.4 3.9 June 21.3 30.0 26.0 4.0 8.7 7.0 1.7 September 4.5 14.3 11.7 2.6 9.8 8.2 1.6 December -12.5 9.0 7.2 1.8 21.5 19.0 2.5 1995 March -8.7 11.3 8.8 2.5 20.0 16.6 3.4 June 19.4 27.6 23.7 3.9 8.2 6.8 1.4 September 4.1 13.9 11.6 2.3 9.8 8.0 1.8 December -12.3 9.1 7.3 1.8 21.4 19.1 2.3 1996 March -7.9 11.2 8.8 2.4 19.1 15.7 3.4 June 19.5 27.2 23.7 3.5 7.7 6.1 1.6 September 3.3 13.0 10.8 2.2 9.7 8.1 1.6 December -11.6 8.5 6.6 1.9 20.1 17.9 2.2 1997 March -6.4 11.4 9.3 2.1 17.8 14.7 3.1 June 17.8 25.5 22.1 3.4 7.7 6.4 1.3 September 2.9 12.7 10.4 2.3 9.8 8.1 1.7 December -11.4 8.7 7.0 1.7 20.1 17.5 2.6 1998 March -7.0 10.7 8.6 2.1 17.7 14.6 3.1 June 19.1 27.0 23.1 3.9 7.9 6.2 1.7 September 3.1 12.6 10.4 2.2 9.5 7.9 1.6 December -7.2 9.7 7.9 1.8 16.9 15.0 1.9 1999 March -7.5 10.9 8.7 2.2 18.4 15.2 3.2 June 17.6 25.1 21.9 3.2 7.5 6.0 1.5 September 2.2 11.6 9.9 1.7 9.4 7.9 1.5 December -8.7 8.5 7.0 1.5 17.2 15.4 1.8 2000 March -4.4 11.1 9.2 1.9 15.5 12.5 3.0 June 15.6 22.8 19.7 3.1 7.2 5.8 1.4 September 1.1 10.9 9.3 1.6 9.8 7.9 1.9 December -10.4 8.0 6.4 1.6 18.4 16.4 2.0 2001 March -4.3 11.1 9.1 2.0 15.4 12.4 3.0 June 14.8 22.4 19.6 2.8 7.6 6.0 1.6 September 1.1 10.4 8.8 1.6 9.3 7.7 1.6 December -10.1 7.6 6.1 1.5 17.7 15.9 1.8 2002 March -7.1 9.8 8.0 1.8 16.9 14.0 2.9 June 12.9 21.4 18.6 2.8 8.5 7.0 1.5 September 0.7 10.1 8.5 1.6 9.4 8.0 1.4 December -10.7 7.4 6.0 1.4 18.1 16.2 1.9 2003 March -9.0 9.0 7.3 1.7 18.0 14.9 3.1 June 15.0 22.9 20.3 2.6 7.9 6.5 1.4 September 1.7 10.3 8.8 1.5 8.6 7.3 1.3 December -9.6 7.1 5.9 1.2 16.7 14.9 1.8 2004 March -6.2 9.3 7.8 1.5 15.5 12.7 2.8 June 14.1 21.3 18.9 2.4 7.2 5.9 1.3 September 1.9 9.9 8.4 1.5 8.0 6.7 1.3 December -7.3 7.6 6.3 1.3 14.9 13.4 1.5 2005 March -6.1 8.7 7.2 1.5 14.8 12.6 2.2 June 15.4 21.7 19.4 2.3 6.3 5.1 1.2 September 2.4 10.0 8.5 1.5 7.6 6.3 1.3 December -7.8 7.5 6.1 1.4 15.3 13.9 1.4 2006 March -3.8 9.4 7.9 1.5 13.2 11.2 2.0 June 13.7 20.0 17.9 2.1 6.3 5.3 1.0 September 0.9 8.8 7.6 1.2 7.9 6.7 1.2 December -7.5 7.3 6.1 1.2 14.8 13.5 1.3 2007 March -4.4 8.9 7.5 1.4 13.3 11.3 2.0 June 11.9 18.7 16.8 1.9 6.8 5.7 1.1 September 0.4 8.9 7.7 1.2 8.5 7.4 1.1 December -8.8 7.0 5.9 1.1 15.8 14.6 1.2 2008 March -6.3 8.1 7.0 1.1 14.4 12.4 2.0 June 10.6 18.9 16.7 2.2 8.3 7.2 1.1 September 0.4 9.4 7.8 1.6 9.0 7.9 1.1 December -12.0 6.6 5.5 1.1 18.6 16.9 1.7 2009 March -10.9 7.3 6.2 1.1 18.2 15.7 2.5 June 9.7 19.4 17.1 2.3 9.7 8.3 1.4 September 0.2 9.9 8.5 1.4 9.7 8.4 1.3 December -12.6 6.7 5.5 1.2 19.3 17.7 1.6 2010 March -7.6 9.0 7.5 1.5 16.6 14.1 2.5 June 15.1 22.9 20.4 2.5 7.8 6.5 1.3 September 3.5 11.7 10.0 1.7 8.2 7.0 1.2 December -11.7 7.5 6.3 1.2 19.2 17.4 1.8 2011 March -5.8 9.4 8.0 1.4 15.2 13.0 2.2 June 14.4 22.1 19.6 2.5 7.7 6.6 1.1 September 3.6 11.8 10.2 1.6 8.2 7.1 1.1 December -10.3 7.2 5.9 1.3 17.5 15.7 1.8 2012 March -3.0 10.3 8.9 1.4 13.3 11.3 2.0 June 12.0 19.7 17.5 2.2 7.7 6.6 1.1 September 2.9 10.8 9.4 1.4 7.9 6.8 1.1 December -9.1 7.4 6.2 1.2 16.5 15.0 1.5 2013 March -4.7 9.4 8.0 1.4 14.1 12.3 1.8 June 12.5 20.0 17.9 2.1 7.5 6.5 1.0 September 2.7 10.6 9.2 1.4 7.9 6.8 1.1 December -10.0 7.4 6.3 1.1 17.4 16.1 1.3 2014 March -3.0 10.1 8.8 1.3 13.1 11.3 1.8 June 13.5 20.8 18.7 2.1 7.3 6.3 1.0 September 3.0 10.4 9.3 1.1 7.4 6.5 0.9 December -8.5 6.9 6.0 0.9 15.4 14.2 1.2 2015 March -5.9 8.3 7.3 1.0 14.2 12.5 1.7 June 13.6 20.5 18.7 1.8 6.9 6.0 0.9 September 2.5 10.0 8.9 1.1 7.5 6.5 1.0 December -7.6 7.1 6.0 1.1 14.7 13.5 1.2 2016 March -5.3 8.3 7.2 1.1 13.6 11.9 1.7 June 11.4 18.8 17.1 1.7 7.4 6.3 1.1 September 1.5 9.2 7.9 1.3 7.7 6.9 0.8 December -8.8 6.7 5.8 0.9 15.5 14.3 1.2 2017 March -2.0 9.6 8.4 1.2 11.6 10.3 1.3 June 12.1 19.3 17.4 1.9 7.2 6.4 0.8 September 0.5 8.4 7.4 1.0 7.9 7.0 0.9 December -7.2 7.3 6.3 1.0 14.5 13.4 1.1 2018 March -2.2 9.1 7.7 1.4 11.3 10.0 1.3 June 11.8 18.3 16.8 1.5 6.5 5.7 0.8 September 1.7 9.0 8.0 1.0 7.3 6.4 0.9 December -7.1 6.7 5.7 1.0 13.8 12.8 1.0 2019 March -3.2 8.7 7.7 1.0 11.9 10.5 1.4 June 11.5 18.0 16.4 1.6 6.5 5.7 0.8 September 1.2 8.5 7.5 1.0 7.3 6.5 0.8 December -7.6 6.3 5.5 0.8 13.9 12.8 1.1 2020 March -3.4 8.1 7.1 1.0 11.5 10.3 1.2 June 4.6 14.2 12.9 1.3 9.6 8.8 0.8 September -0.2 8.1 7.1 1.0 8.3 7.5 0.8 December -5.8 6.7 5.9 0.8 12.5 11.5 1.0 2021 March -3.8 7.7 6.6 1.1 11.5 10.2 1.3 June 9.8 16.2 14.8 1.4 6.4 5.6 0.8 September 1.4 8.2 6.9 1.3 6.8 6.0 0.8 December -6.2 6.5 5.6 0.9 12.7 11.6 1.1 2022 March -2.9 7.9 6.6 1.3 10.8 9.3 1.5 June 9.8 15.7 14.2 1.5 5.9 4.9 1.0 September 1.4 7.8 6.8 1.0 6.4 5.6 0.8 December -6.5 5.9 5.0 0.9 12.4 11.4 1.0 2023 March -1.7 7.7 6.7 1.0 9.4 8.2 1.2 June 9.4 15.6 14.2 1.4 6.2 5.4 0.8 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.