Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Specialty Trade Contractors (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September 1.5 15.0 11.7 3.3 13.5 10.7 2.8 December -4.2 12.5 9.7 2.8 16.7 13.2 3.5 1993 March -6.0 12.6 9.4 3.2 18.6 14.0 4.6 June 11.8 22.2 16.9 5.3 10.4 7.8 2.6 September 3.1 15.2 12.0 3.2 12.1 9.7 2.4 December -2.6 12.8 10.0 2.8 15.4 12.3 3.1 1994 March -4.3 13.0 10.0 3.0 17.3 13.1 4.2 June 12.1 22.0 16.8 5.2 9.9 7.5 2.4 September 2.9 14.9 11.8 3.1 12.0 9.6 2.4 December -3.1 12.0 9.4 2.6 15.1 12.0 3.1 1995 March -4.2 12.4 9.6 2.8 16.6 12.7 3.9 June 9.6 19.9 15.3 4.6 10.3 8.0 2.3 September 1.8 14.0 11.2 2.8 12.2 9.7 2.5 December -3.1 12.0 9.4 2.6 15.1 12.0 3.1 1996 March -3.8 12.4 9.5 2.9 16.2 12.4 3.8 June 11.0 20.5 15.8 4.7 9.5 7.3 2.2 September 1.9 13.6 10.9 2.7 11.7 9.5 2.2 December -2.9 11.6 9.0 2.6 14.5 11.7 2.8 1997 March -3.0 12.3 9.5 2.8 15.3 11.8 3.5 June 9.7 19.1 14.9 4.2 9.4 7.3 2.1 September 2.0 13.5 10.9 2.6 11.5 9.1 2.4 December -3.4 11.2 8.8 2.4 14.6 11.5 3.1 1998 March -3.8 11.9 9.0 2.9 15.7 11.7 4.0 June 10.9 19.7 15.1 4.6 8.8 6.8 2.0 September 1.8 12.6 10.2 2.4 10.8 8.6 2.2 December -1.3 11.1 9.0 2.1 12.4 10.0 2.4 1999 March -3.4 11.5 8.9 2.6 14.9 11.5 3.4 June 9.4 18.3 14.4 3.9 8.9 6.9 2.0 September 1.0 12.0 9.7 2.3 11.0 8.8 2.2 December -2.0 10.6 8.5 2.1 12.6 10.1 2.5 2000 March -2.0 11.7 9.1 2.6 13.7 10.5 3.2 June 8.1 17.0 13.5 3.5 8.9 6.8 2.1 September 0.5 11.5 9.3 2.2 11.0 8.8 2.2 December -3.4 9.8 7.9 1.9 13.2 10.7 2.5 2001 March -2.5 11.4 8.7 2.7 13.9 10.5 3.4 June 7.5 16.5 13.1 3.4 9.0 7.1 1.9 September -0.9 10.5 8.5 2.0 11.4 9.2 2.2 December -4.5 9.2 7.3 1.9 13.7 11.3 2.4 2002 March -4.5 10.4 8.0 2.4 14.9 11.5 3.4 June 7.2 16.4 12.8 3.6 9.2 7.3 1.9 September 0.2 11.0 9.0 2.0 10.8 8.7 2.1 December -4.1 9.3 7.3 2.0 13.4 10.9 2.5 2003 March -4.8 10.1 7.8 2.3 14.9 11.5 3.4 June 8.5 17.1 13.7 3.4 8.6 6.7 1.9 September 1.0 11.2 9.2 2.0 10.2 8.2 2.0 December -3.1 9.5 7.7 1.8 12.6 10.2 2.4 2004 March -2.8 10.6 8.3 2.3 13.4 10.3 3.1 June 8.3 16.7 13.2 3.5 8.4 6.5 1.9 September 1.0 11.0 8.9 2.1 10.0 8.0 2.0 December -2.2 9.7 7.7 2.0 11.9 9.7 2.2 2005 March -3.3 10.3 7.9 2.4 13.6 10.5 3.1 June 8.7 16.7 13.2 3.5 8.0 6.2 1.8 September 1.9 11.4 9.3 2.1 9.5 7.6 1.9 December -2.4 9.4 7.5 1.9 11.8 9.7 2.1 2006 March -1.5 10.6 8.3 2.3 12.1 9.4 2.7 June 7.0 15.2 12.2 3.0 8.2 6.5 1.7 September -0.5 9.8 8.0 1.8 10.3 8.5 1.8 December -4.2 8.6 6.9 1.7 12.8 10.6 2.2 2007 March -3.2 9.9 7.8 2.1 13.1 10.2 2.9 June 6.7 15.1 12.0 3.1 8.4 6.6 1.8 September -1.0 9.5 7.7 1.8 10.5 8.6 1.9 December -5.0 8.4 6.8 1.6 13.4 11.0 2.4 2008 March -5.7 8.8 6.9 1.9 14.5 11.3 3.2 June 4.9 14.3 11.3 3.0 9.4 7.4 2.0 September -2.1 9.2 7.5 1.7 11.3 9.1 2.2 December -8.9 7.4 5.8 1.6 16.3 13.3 3.0 2009 March -11.1 7.6 5.7 1.9 18.7 14.7 4.0 June 2.7 14.2 10.8 3.4 11.5 9.1 2.4 September -2.9 9.7 7.7 2.0 12.6 10.0 2.6 December -6.6 8.7 6.6 2.1 15.3 12.2 3.1 2010 March -6.9 9.3 7.1 2.2 16.2 12.2 4.0 June 8.3 17.5 13.5 4.0 9.2 7.1 2.1 September -0.1 10.8 8.7 2.1 10.9 8.6 2.3 December -4.8 9.3 7.3 2.0 14.1 11.1 3.0 2011 March -4.7 9.8 7.6 2.2 14.5 10.9 3.6 June 8.9 17.4 13.6 3.8 8.5 6.5 2.0 September 1.3 11.5 9.3 2.2 10.2 8.1 2.1 December -4.0 9.1 7.2 1.9 13.1 10.4 2.7 2012 March -3.5 10.3 8.1 2.2 13.8 10.5 3.3 June 7.8 16.2 12.8 3.4 8.4 6.6 1.8 September 0.8 10.7 8.7 2.0 9.9 7.9 2.0 December -2.5 9.3 7.5 1.8 11.8 9.4 2.4 2013 March -2.4 10.2 8.1 2.1 12.6 9.6 3.0 June 8.5 16.3 13.0 3.3 7.8 6.1 1.7 September 1.5 10.4 8.5 1.9 8.9 7.3 1.6 December -3.3 8.7 7.0 1.7 12.0 9.7 2.3 2014 March -2.3 9.5 7.6 1.9 11.8 9.1 2.7 June 8.9 16.0 12.9 3.1 7.1 5.6 1.5 September 1.3 9.8 8.2 1.6 8.5 7.0 1.5 December -2.3 8.4 6.9 1.5 10.7 8.7 2.0 2015 March -2.8 8.8 7.0 1.8 11.6 9.2 2.4 June 8.4 15.2 12.4 2.8 6.8 5.4 1.4 September 1.0 9.2 7.7 1.5 8.2 6.8 1.4 December -1.4 8.4 6.9 1.5 9.8 8.0 1.8 2016 March -2.3 8.5 6.8 1.7 10.8 8.6 2.2 June 6.7 13.6 11.1 2.5 6.9 5.5 1.4 September 1.0 9.1 7.5 1.6 8.1 6.7 1.4 December -2.7 7.6 6.2 1.4 10.3 8.5 1.8 2017 March -1.4 8.7 7.0 1.7 10.1 8.0 2.1 June 6.8 13.4 11.0 2.4 6.6 5.3 1.3 September -0.4 8.1 6.7 1.4 8.5 7.0 1.5 December -1.5 8.0 6.5 1.5 9.5 7.8 1.7 2018 March -1.3 8.4 6.7 1.7 9.7 7.6 2.1 June 6.8 13.2 10.7 2.5 6.4 5.1 1.3 September 0.1 8.1 6.7 1.4 8.0 6.6 1.4 December -1.9 7.4 6.0 1.4 9.3 7.6 1.7 2019 March -1.7 8.0 6.3 1.7 9.7 7.6 2.1 June 6.0 12.6 10.2 2.4 6.6 5.2 1.4 September 0.3 7.8 6.4 1.4 7.5 6.2 1.3 December -2.6 7.0 5.7 1.3 9.6 7.8 1.8 2020 March -2.3 7.5 6.0 1.5 9.8 7.6 2.2 June -0.2 10.1 7.8 2.3 10.3 8.5 1.8 September 1.0 8.9 7.1 1.8 7.9 6.5 1.4 December -0.7 7.8 6.3 1.5 8.5 6.9 1.6 2021 March -1.4 7.8 6.1 1.7 9.2 7.3 1.9 June 5.2 11.7 9.3 2.4 6.5 5.2 1.3 September 0.2 7.9 6.3 1.6 7.7 6.2 1.5 December -0.7 7.6 6.0 1.6 8.3 6.7 1.6 2022 March -0.9 7.9 6.2 1.7 8.8 6.7 2.1 June 5.4 11.5 9.1 2.4 6.1 4.8 1.3 September 0.3 7.7 6.3 1.4 7.4 5.9 1.5 December -2.3 6.7 5.3 1.4 9.0 7.2 1.8 2023 March -1.0 7.7 6.1 1.6 8.7 6.6 2.1 June 5.4 11.5 9.3 2.2 6.1 4.7 1.4 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.