Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September 2.7 6.9 6.4 0.5 4.2 3.8 0.4 December -3.8 3.8 3.5 0.3 7.6 7.0 0.6 1993 March -2.9 4.7 3.6 1.1 7.6 6.1 1.5 June 2.8 7.6 7.1 0.5 4.8 3.8 1.0 September 1.3 6.7 6.0 0.7 5.4 5.1 0.3 December -2.7 4.3 3.8 0.5 7.0 6.4 0.6 1994 March -2.2 4.9 3.6 1.3 7.1 5.8 1.3 June 3.5 8.5 7.0 1.5 5.0 3.5 1.5 September 1.6 7.5 6.8 0.7 5.9 5.1 0.8 December -3.2 4.9 3.7 1.2 8.1 6.9 1.2 1995 March -2.5 5.2 3.8 1.4 7.7 6.0 1.7 June 4.2 8.1 7.2 0.9 3.9 3.3 0.6 September 2.7 7.3 6.8 0.5 4.6 4.1 0.5 December -1.0 6.0 3.7 2.3 7.0 6.4 0.6 1996 March -1.8 4.2 3.5 0.7 6.0 5.1 0.9 June 4.6 8.0 7.5 0.5 3.4 3.0 0.4 September 1.1 6.6 6.1 0.5 5.5 4.7 0.8 December -3.0 3.3 3.0 0.3 6.3 5.8 0.5 1997 March -2.4 3.9 3.4 0.5 6.3 5.6 0.7 June 4.8 8.1 7.3 0.8 3.3 2.9 0.4 September 2.2 6.7 6.2 0.5 4.5 3.9 0.6 December -2.7 3.7 3.3 0.4 6.4 5.8 0.6 1998 March -2.0 4.3 3.4 0.9 6.3 5.7 0.6 June 3.7 7.5 6.5 1.0 3.8 3.3 0.5 September 2.6 6.1 5.6 0.5 3.5 3.2 0.3 December -1.9 3.9 3.3 0.6 5.8 5.5 0.3 1999 March -4.2 3.7 3.1 0.6 7.9 6.6 1.3 June 3.7 8.1 7.4 0.7 4.4 3.7 0.7 September 1.2 6.6 5.7 0.9 5.4 4.6 0.8 December -2.2 4.7 4.1 0.6 6.9 5.8 1.1 2000 March -2.7 4.9 3.4 1.5 7.6 5.9 1.7 June 3.8 8.1 6.8 1.3 4.3 3.5 0.8 September 1.6 6.4 5.8 0.6 4.8 3.8 1.0 December -2.7 3.7 3.4 0.3 6.4 5.7 0.7 2001 March -2.4 4.5 3.9 0.6 6.9 5.9 1.0 June 2.3 7.1 6.3 0.8 4.8 4.1 0.7 September 1.8 6.1 5.4 0.7 4.3 3.8 0.5 December -2.9 4.9 3.6 1.3 7.8 7.0 0.8 2002 March -1.6 4.5 3.8 0.7 6.1 5.0 1.1 June 3.6 6.9 6.0 0.9 3.3 2.8 0.5 September 2.0 5.9 5.5 0.4 3.9 3.4 0.5 December -4.1 3.2 2.8 0.4 7.3 6.7 0.6 2003 March -3.0 4.0 3.4 0.6 7.0 4.9 2.1 June 2.8 6.4 5.6 0.8 3.6 3.1 0.5 September 1.4 5.4 5.0 0.4 4.0 3.7 0.3 December -3.7 2.9 2.1 0.8 6.6 6.2 0.4 2004 March -2.0 4.1 3.4 0.7 6.1 4.7 1.4 June 4.0 7.0 6.5 0.5 3.0 2.5 0.5 September 1.9 6.2 4.9 1.3 4.3 4.0 0.3 December -5.8 3.7 3.4 0.3 9.5 8.1 1.4 2005 March -1.1 4.2 3.9 0.3 5.3 4.6 0.7 June 4.8 7.5 7.1 0.4 2.7 2.5 0.2 September 1.9 5.3 4.9 0.4 3.4 3.1 0.3 December -3.6 2.9 2.6 0.3 6.5 6.1 0.4 2006 March -1.9 4.5 3.9 0.6 6.4 6.0 0.4 June 5.7 8.3 7.8 0.5 2.6 2.2 0.4 September 0.8 5.0 4.6 0.4 4.2 3.6 0.6 December -3.8 2.8 2.4 0.4 6.6 6.3 0.3 2007 March -1.0 4.3 3.7 0.6 5.3 4.8 0.5 June 5.7 7.9 7.5 0.4 2.2 1.9 0.3 September 1.0 5.2 4.8 0.4 4.2 3.9 0.3 December -4.1 3.0 2.6 0.4 7.1 6.8 0.3 2008 March 0.0 4.8 4.1 0.7 4.8 4.4 0.4 June 3.4 6.7 6.3 0.4 3.3 2.3 1.0 September -0.1 4.6 4.3 0.3 4.7 4.1 0.6 December -5.6 2.4 1.8 0.6 8.0 7.7 0.3 2009 March -2.4 3.4 2.9 0.5 5.8 5.3 0.5 June 4.5 7.0 6.5 0.5 2.5 2.3 0.2 September 0.9 5.0 4.6 0.4 4.1 3.8 0.3 December -6.1 2.3 2.0 0.3 8.4 8.0 0.4 2010 March -1.7 3.8 3.2 0.6 5.5 4.9 0.6 June 5.1 8.0 7.4 0.6 2.9 2.6 0.3 September 0.6 4.6 4.2 0.4 4.0 3.6 0.4 December -4.3 2.8 2.4 0.4 7.1 6.7 0.4 2011 March -1.4 4.4 3.9 0.5 5.8 5.2 0.6 June 6.3 9.0 8.4 0.6 2.7 2.4 0.3 September 1.3 5.0 4.6 0.4 3.7 3.4 0.3 December -4.1 3.0 2.6 0.4 7.1 6.8 0.3 2012 March 0.0 4.5 3.9 0.6 4.5 4.1 0.4 June 6.2 8.9 8.3 0.6 2.7 2.5 0.2 September 1.4 5.4 4.9 0.5 4.0 3.6 0.4 December -4.2 3.4 2.9 0.5 7.6 7.2 0.4 2013 March 0.3 4.6 3.8 0.8 4.3 3.9 0.4 June 6.4 8.8 8.2 0.6 2.4 2.1 0.3 September 2.4 6.4 5.8 0.6 4.0 3.7 0.3 December -5.1 3.2 2.7 0.5 8.3 7.9 0.4 2014 March 0.1 4.9 4.1 0.8 4.8 4.3 0.5 June 6.9 9.8 9.1 0.7 2.9 2.6 0.3 September 3.4 7.0 6.2 0.8 3.6 3.3 0.3 December -4.3 3.8 3.3 0.5 8.1 7.6 0.5 2015 March 0.5 5.2 4.5 0.7 4.7 4.2 0.5 June 6.7 9.4 8.7 0.7 2.7 2.4 0.3 September 3.1 6.6 5.9 0.7 3.5 3.1 0.4 December -3.9 4.1 3.4 0.7 8.0 7.5 0.5 2016 March -0.8 5.2 4.4 0.8 6.0 5.5 0.5 June 8.8 11.4 10.4 1.0 2.6 2.1 0.5 September 2.8 6.8 6.1 0.7 4.0 3.5 0.5 December -4.2 3.7 3.0 0.7 7.9 7.4 0.5 2017 March 1.1 5.8 5.0 0.8 4.7 4.3 0.4 June 7.3 10.1 9.2 0.9 2.8 2.4 0.4 September 1.7 6.3 5.6 0.7 4.6 4.1 0.5 December -4.9 3.6 3.0 0.6 8.5 7.8 0.7 2018 March 0.5 5.3 4.4 0.9 4.8 4.3 0.5 June 6.9 10.0 9.1 0.9 3.1 2.6 0.5 September 1.8 6.3 5.6 0.7 4.5 4.1 0.4 December -4.0 4.3 3.5 0.8 8.3 7.7 0.6 2019 March -0.2 5.5 4.6 0.9 5.7 5.0 0.7 June 7.2 10.2 9.2 1.0 3.0 2.4 0.6 September 1.7 6.3 5.5 0.8 4.6 4.1 0.5 December -3.5 4.4 3.6 0.8 7.9 7.2 0.7 2020 March -1.8 4.7 3.8 0.9 6.5 5.6 0.9 June -6.1 5.5 4.8 0.7 11.6 10.3 1.3 September 5.8 10.1 9.1 1.0 4.3 3.7 0.6 December -5.1 4.7 3.9 0.8 9.8 9.1 0.7 2021 March 2.4 7.1 6.0 1.1 4.7 4.1 0.6 June 10.7 13.2 12.1 1.1 2.5 2.0 0.5 September 2.8 7.2 6.3 0.9 4.4 3.8 0.6 December -2.2 4.9 4.0 0.9 7.1 6.5 0.6 2022 March -0.1 5.1 4.3 0.8 5.2 4.3 0.9 June 7.6 10.6 9.5 1.1 3.0 2.3 0.7 September 0.9 6.1 5.4 0.7 5.2 4.5 0.7 December -3.9 4.3 3.7 0.6 8.2 7.6 0.6 2023 March -0.1 5.7 4.8 0.9 5.8 4.7 1.1 June 7.0 10.1 9.1 1.0 3.1 2.5 0.6 September 0.1 5.6 4.8 0.8 5.5 4.8 0.7 December -4.7 3.7 3.0 0.7 8.4 7.7 0.7 2024 March -1.3 4.9 3.8 1.1 6.2 5.2 1.0 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.