Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Paper Manufacturing (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September -0.1 3.1 2.8 0.3 3.2 2.9 0.3 December -0.5 2.8 2.5 0.3 3.3 3.0 0.3 1993 March -0.5 4.0 3.2 0.8 4.5 3.4 1.1 June 1.5 3.9 3.6 0.3 2.4 2.1 0.3 September -0.5 2.9 2.6 0.3 3.4 3.1 0.3 December -0.3 3.2 2.5 0.7 3.5 3.0 0.5 1994 March -0.9 3.4 2.4 1.0 4.3 3.3 1.0 June 1.8 4.2 3.9 0.3 2.4 2.1 0.3 September -0.2 3.0 2.8 0.2 3.2 2.8 0.4 December 0.5 3.8 3.1 0.7 3.3 2.9 0.4 1995 March -0.6 3.2 2.7 0.5 3.8 3.2 0.6 June 1.4 4.4 3.7 0.7 3.0 2.6 0.4 September -0.6 3.2 2.7 0.5 3.8 3.2 0.6 December -0.5 3.0 2.5 0.5 3.5 3.3 0.2 1996 March -1.5 3.1 2.2 0.9 4.6 3.8 0.8 June 1.2 4.0 3.5 0.5 2.8 2.6 0.2 September -0.2 3.4 2.8 0.6 3.6 3.2 0.4 December -0.1 3.0 2.6 0.4 3.1 2.7 0.4 1997 March -0.6 3.4 2.6 0.8 4.0 3.3 0.7 June 1.4 4.3 3.9 0.4 2.9 2.4 0.5 September -0.3 2.9 2.6 0.3 3.2 2.9 0.3 December -0.5 2.8 2.4 0.4 3.3 2.9 0.4 1998 March -1.1 3.9 3.1 0.8 5.0 3.2 1.8 June 0.6 4.1 3.2 0.9 3.5 3.0 0.5 September -0.7 3.4 2.8 0.6 4.1 3.2 0.9 December -0.9 2.8 2.6 0.2 3.7 3.4 0.3 1999 March -1.6 2.8 2.5 0.3 4.4 3.8 0.6 June 1.0 4.3 3.8 0.5 3.3 2.7 0.6 September -0.5 3.4 2.8 0.6 3.9 3.3 0.6 December -1.1 3.1 2.7 0.4 4.2 3.6 0.6 2000 March -0.8 3.5 2.9 0.6 4.3 3.7 0.6 June 0.2 4.1 3.6 0.5 3.9 3.0 0.9 September -1.1 2.6 2.4 0.2 3.7 3.4 0.3 December -0.7 2.8 2.6 0.2 3.5 3.2 0.3 2001 March -2.4 2.9 2.4 0.5 5.3 4.1 1.2 June -0.9 3.1 2.9 0.2 4.0 3.7 0.3 September -2.0 2.6 2.2 0.4 4.6 4.0 0.6 December -1.4 2.6 2.3 0.3 4.0 3.6 0.4 2002 March -1.9 2.8 2.5 0.3 4.7 4.0 0.7 June 0.5 3.9 3.5 0.4 3.4 2.8 0.6 September -1.7 2.5 2.2 0.3 4.2 3.5 0.7 December -1.2 2.4 2.2 0.2 3.6 3.4 0.2 2003 March -1.8 3.5 2.9 0.6 5.3 3.9 1.4 June -0.9 2.7 2.4 0.3 3.6 3.1 0.5 September -1.4 2.7 2.4 0.3 4.1 3.6 0.5 December -0.8 2.5 2.3 0.2 3.3 2.9 0.4 2004 March -1.6 2.8 2.4 0.4 4.4 3.7 0.7 June -0.3 3.0 2.8 0.2 3.3 2.9 0.4 September 0.1 3.1 2.8 0.3 3.0 2.5 0.5 December -0.8 2.6 2.4 0.2 3.4 2.9 0.5 2005 March -0.9 2.9 2.6 0.3 3.8 3.0 0.8 June -0.1 3.0 2.7 0.3 3.1 2.6 0.5 September -1.4 2.2 1.9 0.3 3.6 3.3 0.3 December -0.3 2.5 2.3 0.2 2.8 2.6 0.2 2006 March -1.3 2.4 2.1 0.3 3.7 3.2 0.5 June -0.2 2.9 2.7 0.2 3.1 2.8 0.3 September -1.1 2.2 2.1 0.1 3.3 3.0 0.3 December -0.4 2.4 2.2 0.2 2.8 2.5 0.3 2007 March -1.5 2.4 2.2 0.2 3.9 3.3 0.6 June 0.0 3.0 2.7 0.3 3.0 2.5 0.5 September -1.1 2.2 2.0 0.2 3.3 3.1 0.2 December -0.3 2.2 2.1 0.1 2.5 2.3 0.2 2008 March -1.1 2.1 1.9 0.2 3.2 2.8 0.4 June -0.2 2.6 2.4 0.2 2.8 2.6 0.2 September -1.8 2.0 1.8 0.2 3.8 3.5 0.3 December -2.0 1.9 1.7 0.2 3.9 3.7 0.2 2009 March -4.0 1.7 1.5 0.2 5.7 5.4 0.3 June -1.7 2.4 2.3 0.1 4.1 3.8 0.3 September -1.1 2.2 2.1 0.1 3.3 2.9 0.4 December -1.0 1.9 1.8 0.1 2.9 2.7 0.2 2010 March -1.0 2.2 2.0 0.2 3.2 2.9 0.3 June 0.7 3.0 2.9 0.1 2.3 2.1 0.2 September -0.4 2.1 2.0 0.1 2.5 2.3 0.2 December -0.3 2.1 1.9 0.2 2.4 2.3 0.1 2011 March -0.9 2.0 1.8 0.2 2.9 2.5 0.4 June 0.7 2.8 2.7 0.1 2.1 2.0 0.1 September -1.1 1.9 1.8 0.1 3.0 2.9 0.1 December -0.3 2.2 2.0 0.2 2.5 2.3 0.2 2012 March -1.0 2.0 1.8 0.2 3.0 2.6 0.4 June 0.5 2.8 2.7 0.1 2.3 2.0 0.3 September -0.5 2.1 2.0 0.1 2.6 2.4 0.2 December 0.3 2.5 2.4 0.1 2.2 2.1 0.1 2013 March -0.3 2.5 2.4 0.1 2.8 2.5 0.3 June 0.3 2.6 2.5 0.1 2.3 2.0 0.3 September -0.9 1.8 1.7 0.1 2.7 2.5 0.2 December -0.1 2.1 2.0 0.1 2.2 2.0 0.2 2014 March -0.7 2.0 1.9 0.1 2.7 2.5 0.2 June 0.5 2.6 2.5 0.1 2.1 1.9 0.2 September -0.8 2.0 1.8 0.2 2.8 2.7 0.1 December 0.3 2.5 2.3 0.2 2.2 2.1 0.1 2015 March -0.6 2.0 1.9 0.1 2.6 2.2 0.4 June 0.5 2.3 2.2 0.1 1.8 1.7 0.1 September -0.5 2.0 1.9 0.1 2.5 2.2 0.3 December 0.0 2.2 2.0 0.2 2.2 2.1 0.1 2016 March -0.4 2.2 2.0 0.2 2.6 2.2 0.4 June 0.4 2.5 2.3 0.2 2.1 1.9 0.2 September -0.7 1.9 1.8 0.1 2.6 2.5 0.1 December 0.5 2.3 2.2 0.1 1.8 1.7 0.1 2017 March -0.2 2.1 2.0 0.1 2.3 2.0 0.3 June 0.5 2.4 2.3 0.1 1.9 1.8 0.1 September -1.0 1.7 1.6 0.1 2.7 2.5 0.2 December 0.2 2.4 2.3 0.1 2.2 2.0 0.2 2018 March -0.2 2.3 2.0 0.3 2.5 2.2 0.3 June 0.4 2.6 2.5 0.1 2.2 1.9 0.3 September -0.5 2.1 1.9 0.2 2.6 2.3 0.3 December 0.7 2.4 2.2 0.2 1.7 1.6 0.1 2019 March -0.2 2.2 2.0 0.2 2.4 2.2 0.2 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.