Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Chemical Manufacturing (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September -1.0 2.9 2.2 0.7 3.9 3.1 0.8 December -0.2 3.0 2.3 0.7 3.2 2.8 0.4 1993 March 0.1 4.8 3.3 1.5 4.7 3.2 1.5 June 0.6 3.8 3.2 0.6 3.2 2.6 0.6 September -0.1 3.6 2.7 0.9 3.7 3.0 0.7 December -0.7 2.6 2.2 0.4 3.3 2.9 0.4 1994 March -0.3 3.9 2.7 1.2 4.2 3.4 0.8 June 1.0 3.6 3.0 0.6 2.6 2.3 0.3 September -0.4 3.0 2.5 0.5 3.4 3.1 0.3 December -0.6 2.5 2.2 0.3 3.1 2.8 0.3 1995 March -0.1 3.8 3.1 0.7 3.9 3.3 0.6 June 0.8 3.8 3.0 0.8 3.0 2.6 0.4 September -0.6 2.9 2.4 0.5 3.5 3.1 0.4 December -0.1 2.8 2.4 0.4 2.9 2.7 0.2 1996 March 0.0 3.8 3.1 0.7 3.8 3.1 0.7 June 0.3 3.6 3.1 0.5 3.3 2.9 0.4 September -1.0 2.8 2.3 0.5 3.8 3.3 0.5 December 0.4 3.2 2.8 0.4 2.8 2.4 0.4 1997 March 0.1 4.2 3.2 1.0 4.1 3.2 0.9 June 1.5 4.4 3.4 1.0 2.9 2.4 0.5 September -0.5 3.0 2.5 0.5 3.5 3.2 0.3 December 0.8 3.6 2.8 0.8 2.8 2.4 0.4 1998 March -1.5 4.2 3.2 1.0 5.7 4.6 1.1 June 1.8 5.2 3.2 2.0 3.4 2.9 0.5 September -0.8 2.9 2.4 0.5 3.7 3.2 0.5 December -0.2 3.1 2.7 0.4 3.3 2.9 0.4 1999 March -0.7 4.4 3.2 1.2 5.1 3.8 1.3 June 0.3 3.6 3.0 0.6 3.3 2.6 0.7 September -1.1 2.7 2.3 0.4 3.8 3.3 0.5 December 0.6 3.4 2.9 0.5 2.8 2.5 0.3 2000 March -0.5 3.9 3.2 0.7 4.4 3.3 1.1 June 0.4 3.6 3.2 0.4 3.2 2.8 0.4 September -1.1 2.6 2.2 0.4 3.7 3.2 0.5 December 0.2 3.1 2.6 0.5 2.9 2.6 0.3 2001 March -1.0 3.7 3.0 0.7 4.7 3.7 1.0 June -0.7 3.1 2.8 0.3 3.8 3.4 0.4 September -1.7 2.9 2.4 0.5 4.6 3.8 0.8 December -1.0 2.7 2.4 0.3 3.7 3.2 0.5 2002 March -0.4 3.6 2.9 0.7 4.0 3.3 0.7 June -0.1 3.1 2.7 0.4 3.2 2.7 0.5 September -0.4 2.6 2.4 0.2 3.0 2.7 0.3 December -0.6 2.3 2.1 0.2 2.9 2.6 0.3 2003 March -0.7 3.4 2.6 0.8 4.1 3.0 1.1 June -0.3 2.9 2.5 0.4 3.2 2.8 0.4 September -0.9 2.5 2.1 0.4 3.4 3.1 0.3 December -0.4 2.4 2.1 0.3 2.8 2.6 0.2 2004 March -0.3 3.1 2.7 0.4 3.4 2.8 0.6 June -0.2 2.9 2.6 0.3 3.1 2.7 0.4 September -0.9 2.4 2.1 0.3 3.3 3.0 0.3 December 0.1 2.6 2.3 0.3 2.5 2.2 0.3 2005 March -0.5 2.9 2.6 0.3 3.4 2.7 0.7 June 0.1 3.0 2.7 0.3 2.9 2.5 0.4 September -0.8 2.4 2.1 0.3 3.2 3.0 0.2 December -0.2 2.5 2.3 0.2 2.7 2.5 0.2 2006 March -0.1 3.1 2.7 0.4 3.2 2.7 0.5 June 0.5 3.1 2.8 0.3 2.6 2.3 0.3 September -1.0 2.3 2.0 0.3 3.3 2.9 0.4 December 0.1 2.5 2.3 0.2 2.4 2.2 0.2 2007 March 0.0 3.1 2.8 0.3 3.1 2.6 0.5 June 0.4 2.9 2.7 0.2 2.5 2.2 0.3 September -0.9 2.1 1.9 0.2 3.0 2.7 0.3 December 0.0 2.5 2.3 0.2 2.5 2.3 0.2 2008 March -0.7 2.6 2.3 0.3 3.3 2.8 0.5 June 0.3 2.9 2.6 0.3 2.6 2.4 0.2 September -1.1 2.1 1.9 0.2 3.2 2.9 0.3 December -1.2 2.3 2.1 0.2 3.5 3.2 0.3 2009 March -2.6 2.2 1.9 0.3 4.8 4.2 0.6 June -1.4 2.2 2.0 0.2 3.6 3.2 0.4 September -1.3 2.0 1.7 0.3 3.3 3.0 0.3 December 0.1 2.4 2.2 0.2 2.3 2.1 0.2 2010 March -0.3 2.6 2.3 0.3 2.9 2.5 0.4 June 0.4 2.8 2.5 0.3 2.4 2.1 0.3 September -0.8 2.1 1.9 0.2 2.9 2.6 0.3 December 0.1 2.4 2.2 0.2 2.3 2.0 0.3 2011 March 0.0 2.6 2.2 0.4 2.6 2.2 0.4 June 0.7 2.9 2.6 0.3 2.2 1.9 0.3 September -0.2 2.4 2.1 0.3 2.6 2.4 0.2 December 0.2 2.4 2.2 0.2 2.2 2.0 0.2 2012 March 0.0 2.6 2.3 0.3 2.6 2.2 0.4 June 1.1 3.0 2.8 0.2 1.9 1.7 0.2 September -0.5 2.1 1.9 0.2 2.6 2.4 0.2 December 0.6 2.6 2.4 0.2 2.0 1.8 0.2 2013 March -0.1 2.6 2.3 0.3 2.7 2.3 0.4 June 1.0 3.0 2.8 0.2 2.0 1.7 0.3 September -0.5 2.1 1.9 0.2 2.6 2.4 0.2 December 0.5 2.5 2.3 0.2 2.0 1.8 0.2 2014 March -0.1 2.5 2.2 0.3 2.6 2.3 0.3 June 1.0 3.1 2.8 0.3 2.1 1.9 0.2 September -0.6 2.2 1.9 0.3 2.8 2.6 0.2 December 0.5 2.5 2.3 0.2 2.0 1.8 0.2 2015 March -0.5 2.6 2.3 0.3 3.1 2.7 0.4 June 1.3 3.4 3.1 0.3 2.1 1.9 0.2 September -0.5 2.1 1.9 0.2 2.6 2.4 0.2 December 0.4 2.5 2.3 0.2 2.1 1.9 0.2 2016 March 0.0 2.6 2.3 0.3 2.6 2.2 0.4 June 0.9 3.0 2.7 0.3 2.1 1.8 0.3 September -0.5 2.3 2.0 0.3 2.8 2.5 0.3 December 0.1 2.4 2.2 0.2 2.3 2.0 0.3 2017 March 0.0 2.9 2.5 0.4 2.9 2.4 0.5 June 1.1 3.2 2.9 0.3 2.1 1.8 0.3 September -0.7 2.1 1.9 0.2 2.8 2.5 0.3 December 0.4 2.6 2.4 0.2 2.2 1.9 0.3 2018 March 0.3 3.2 2.8 0.4 2.9 2.4 0.5 June 1.0 3.2 2.9 0.3 2.2 1.9 0.3 September -0.3 2.4 2.1 0.3 2.7 2.4 0.3 December 0.9 2.9 2.7 0.2 2.0 1.7 0.3 2019 March 0.2 2.8 2.5 0.3 2.6 2.2 0.4 June 1.0 3.2 2.9 0.3 2.2 1.9 0.3 September -0.7 2.2 1.9 0.3 2.9 2.6 0.3 December 0.4 2.5 2.3 0.2 2.1 1.9 0.2 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.