Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September 0.8 6.1 4.2 1.9 5.3 4.4 0.9 December -2.9 3.8 3.2 0.6 6.7 6.1 0.6 1993 March -3.1 5.1 3.9 1.2 8.2 6.7 1.5 June 6.0 9.6 8.5 1.1 3.6 2.8 0.8 September 0.9 5.3 4.7 0.6 4.4 4.0 0.4 December -2.3 4.1 3.5 0.6 6.4 5.8 0.6 1994 March -1.8 5.1 4.4 0.7 6.9 5.6 1.3 June 6.2 9.6 8.6 1.0 3.4 2.7 0.7 September 0.7 5.1 4.6 0.5 4.4 3.9 0.5 December -1.6 4.7 3.9 0.8 6.3 5.5 0.8 1995 March -0.9 5.1 4.1 1.0 6.0 5.1 0.9 June 4.5 7.9 7.2 0.7 3.4 3.0 0.4 September -0.6 4.4 3.8 0.6 5.0 4.3 0.7 December -2.3 3.9 3.4 0.5 6.2 5.7 0.5 1996 March -1.3 5.4 4.1 1.3 6.7 5.6 1.1 June 5.1 8.8 7.9 0.9 3.7 3.1 0.6 September 0.5 5.2 4.2 1.0 4.7 4.2 0.5 December -2.0 4.2 3.7 0.5 6.2 5.6 0.6 1997 March -1.1 5.0 4.3 0.7 6.1 5.0 1.1 June 4.3 8.9 7.4 1.5 4.6 3.3 1.3 September -0.2 4.4 3.9 0.5 4.6 4.0 0.6 December -2.0 4.0 3.5 0.5 6.0 5.4 0.6 1998 March -1.4 5.5 4.2 1.3 6.9 5.4 1.5 June 4.8 8.7 7.6 1.1 3.9 3.2 0.7 September 0.2 4.9 4.1 0.8 4.7 4.3 0.4 December -1.1 4.1 3.7 0.4 5.2 4.7 0.5 1999 March -2.0 5.2 4.1 1.1 7.2 5.5 1.7 June 4.4 8.2 7.2 1.0 3.8 3.3 0.5 September 0.3 4.6 4.1 0.5 4.3 3.9 0.4 December -1.1 4.2 3.7 0.5 5.3 4.8 0.5 2000 March -0.4 5.5 4.4 1.1 5.9 4.8 1.1 June 3.7 7.4 6.6 0.8 3.7 3.0 0.7 September -0.8 4.1 3.6 0.5 4.9 4.3 0.6 December -2.4 4.2 3.6 0.6 6.6 6.0 0.6 2001 March -1.8 5.1 4.2 0.9 6.9 5.7 1.2 June 2.4 7.3 6.6 0.7 4.9 4.3 0.6 September -1.8 4.1 3.4 0.7 5.9 5.1 0.8 December -3.9 3.3 2.7 0.6 7.2 6.6 0.6 2002 March -2.7 4.4 3.9 0.5 7.1 6.0 1.1 June 3.8 7.6 6.8 0.8 3.8 3.2 0.6 September -1.0 3.7 3.3 0.4 4.7 4.2 0.5 December -3.1 3.5 3.1 0.4 6.6 6.0 0.6 2003 March -4.1 3.7 3.1 0.6 7.8 6.7 1.1 June 4.0 7.8 7.0 0.8 3.8 3.3 0.5 September -0.7 3.9 3.5 0.4 4.6 4.0 0.6 December -1.9 3.8 3.3 0.5 5.7 5.2 0.5 2004 March -1.9 4.3 3.7 0.6 6.2 5.3 0.9 June 4.9 8.0 7.4 0.6 3.1 2.6 0.5 September 0.0 4.4 4.0 0.4 4.4 3.8 0.6 December -1.8 3.7 3.3 0.4 5.5 5.0 0.5 2005 March -2.0 4.3 3.7 0.6 6.3 5.5 0.8 June 4.9 8.1 7.5 0.6 3.2 2.7 0.5 September -0.1 4.2 3.8 0.4 4.3 3.8 0.5 December -2.0 3.7 3.3 0.4 5.7 5.2 0.5 2006 March -0.7 4.7 4.0 0.7 5.4 4.7 0.7 June 4.3 7.4 6.7 0.7 3.1 2.7 0.4 September -1.0 3.7 3.3 0.4 4.7 4.2 0.5 December -2.6 3.3 2.9 0.4 5.9 5.4 0.5 2007 March -2.7 4.0 3.4 0.6 6.7 5.8 0.9 June 3.5 7.1 6.5 0.6 3.6 3.1 0.5 September -1.5 3.4 3.0 0.4 4.9 4.4 0.5 December -3.2 3.4 2.9 0.5 6.6 6.0 0.6 2008 March -4.3 3.4 2.7 0.7 7.7 6.9 0.8 June 2.5 6.8 6.0 0.8 4.3 3.8 0.5 September -3.1 2.9 2.5 0.4 6.0 5.4 0.6 December -7.3 2.3 2.0 0.3 9.6 8.9 0.7 2009 March -9.5 2.8 2.3 0.5 12.3 11.0 1.3 June 0.3 6.9 6.1 0.8 6.6 6.0 0.6 September -1.8 3.8 3.4 0.4 5.6 5.1 0.5 December -4.8 3.2 2.8 0.4 8.0 7.3 0.7 2010 March -3.7 4.1 3.5 0.6 7.8 6.8 1.0 June 5.5 8.9 8.2 0.7 3.4 2.8 0.6 September -1.0 3.7 3.2 0.5 4.7 4.1 0.6 December -3.9 3.3 2.9 0.4 7.2 6.5 0.7 2011 March -2.0 4.2 3.8 0.4 6.2 5.4 0.8 June 5.2 8.3 7.6 0.7 3.1 2.6 0.5 September -0.5 4.0 3.6 0.4 4.5 3.9 0.6 December -2.7 3.5 3.2 0.3 6.2 5.7 0.5 2012 March -0.9 4.6 3.9 0.7 5.5 4.8 0.7 June 4.4 7.6 6.8 0.8 3.2 2.6 0.6 September -0.2 4.0 3.6 0.4 4.2 3.5 0.7 December -2.0 3.6 3.2 0.4 5.6 5.1 0.5 2013 March -1.1 4.3 3.8 0.5 5.4 4.7 0.7 June 4.6 7.7 7.1 0.6 3.1 2.6 0.5 September 0.1 4.0 3.6 0.4 3.9 3.3 0.6 December -1.8 3.4 3.0 0.4 5.2 4.7 0.5 2014 March -0.9 4.4 3.8 0.6 5.3 4.6 0.7 June 5.3 7.9 7.3 0.6 2.6 2.2 0.4 September 0.4 4.0 3.6 0.4 3.6 3.1 0.5 December -1.2 3.6 3.2 0.4 4.8 4.4 0.4 2015 March -1.2 4.0 3.5 0.5 5.2 4.5 0.7 June 5.0 7.6 7.0 0.6 2.6 2.3 0.3 September 0.1 3.8 3.4 0.4 3.7 3.3 0.4 December -0.9 3.7 3.4 0.3 4.6 4.1 0.5 2016 March -1.2 3.6 3.2 0.4 4.8 4.3 0.5 June 3.9 6.6 6.1 0.5 2.7 2.3 0.4 September 0.0 3.7 3.4 0.3 3.7 3.3 0.4 December -1.5 3.3 3.0 0.3 4.8 4.4 0.4 2017 March -1.0 3.7 3.3 0.4 4.7 4.0 0.7 June 3.8 6.4 5.9 0.5 2.6 2.2 0.4 September -0.7 3.3 2.9 0.4 4.0 3.5 0.5 December -1.2 3.3 3.0 0.3 4.5 4.1 0.4 2018 March -0.9 3.7 3.3 0.4 4.6 3.9 0.7 June 3.8 6.5 6.0 0.5 2.7 2.3 0.4 September -0.5 3.4 3.1 0.3 3.9 3.5 0.4 December -1.1 3.3 2.9 0.4 4.4 4.0 0.4 2019 March -1.6 3.3 2.9 0.4 4.9 4.3 0.6 June 2.9 6.0 5.5 0.5 3.1 2.7 0.4 September -0.9 3.0 2.7 0.3 3.9 3.6 0.3 December -1.4 3.1 2.8 0.3 4.5 4.0 0.5 2020 March -1.7 3.2 2.8 0.4 4.9 4.3 0.6 June -3.2 4.5 4.0 0.5 7.7 7.0 0.7 September 0.5 4.5 4.1 0.4 4.0 3.6 0.4 December -0.1 4.0 3.6 0.4 4.1 3.6 0.5 2021 March -1.3 3.8 3.3 0.5 5.1 4.2 0.9 June 2.8 6.0 5.3 0.7 3.2 2.8 0.4 September 0.0 3.7 3.3 0.4 3.7 3.3 0.4 December 0.2 4.2 3.8 0.4 4.0 3.6 0.4 2022 March -0.1 4.3 3.8 0.5 4.4 3.7 0.7 June 2.7 6.0 5.4 0.6 3.3 2.6 0.7 September 0.0 4.0 3.5 0.5 4.0 3.4 0.6 December -0.7 3.6 3.2 0.4 4.3 3.8 0.5 2023 March -1.3 3.6 3.1 0.5 4.9 4.2 0.7 June 2.3 5.6 5.1 0.5 3.3 2.9 0.4 September -0.7 3.2 2.8 0.4 3.9 3.5 0.4 December -1.2 3.3 2.9 0.4 4.5 4.0 0.5 2024 March -1.1 3.5 3.1 0.4 4.6 3.9 0.7 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.