Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Food and Beverage Retailers (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September -0.6 5.2 4.0 1.2 5.8 4.8 1.0 December 1.8 7.1 5.4 1.7 5.3 4.3 1.0 1993 March -3.3 4.8 3.3 1.5 8.1 6.6 1.5 June 2.9 7.5 5.7 1.8 4.6 3.6 1.0 September -0.3 5.5 4.1 1.4 5.8 4.9 0.9 December 2.2 7.2 5.4 1.8 5.0 4.0 1.0 1994 March -2.1 5.1 3.5 1.6 7.2 5.6 1.6 June 2.5 7.7 5.9 1.8 5.2 4.1 1.1 September -0.3 5.4 4.2 1.2 5.7 4.8 0.9 December 2.3 7.1 5.6 1.5 4.8 3.8 1.0 1995 March -3.3 4.9 3.4 1.5 8.2 6.7 1.5 June 2.4 7.3 5.7 1.6 4.9 3.9 1.0 September 0.7 6.0 4.7 1.3 5.3 4.4 0.9 December 2.0 7.4 5.7 1.7 5.4 4.3 1.1 1996 March -3.0 5.1 3.5 1.6 8.1 6.3 1.8 June 2.7 7.4 5.8 1.6 4.7 3.8 0.9 September -0.7 5.3 4.0 1.3 6.0 4.9 1.1 December 2.7 7.6 5.8 1.8 4.9 3.9 1.0 1997 March -3.1 4.6 3.2 1.4 7.7 6.5 1.2 June 1.9 6.6 5.1 1.5 4.7 3.8 0.9 September -0.3 5.5 4.3 1.2 5.8 4.5 1.3 December 1.5 7.0 5.2 1.8 5.5 4.4 1.1 1998 March -3.1 4.5 3.1 1.4 7.6 6.2 1.4 June 1.9 7.0 5.1 1.9 5.1 4.1 1.0 September -0.3 5.7 4.1 1.6 6.0 4.9 1.1 December 2.5 7.6 6.1 1.5 5.1 4.1 1.0 1999 March -3.1 4.8 3.1 1.7 7.9 6.5 1.4 June 2.1 7.1 5.1 2.0 5.0 3.9 1.1 September -0.1 5.8 4.3 1.5 5.9 4.7 1.2 December 2.3 7.5 5.8 1.7 5.2 4.1 1.1 2000 March -3.3 4.5 3.1 1.4 7.8 6.5 1.3 June 1.5 6.6 5.1 1.5 5.1 4.0 1.1 September -1.3 5.1 3.8 1.3 6.4 5.2 1.2 December 2.2 7.3 5.7 1.6 5.1 4.0 1.1 2001 March -3.2 4.4 3.3 1.1 7.6 6.2 1.4 June 1.0 6.2 4.8 1.4 5.2 4.0 1.2 September -1.0 5.2 3.8 1.4 6.2 5.1 1.1 December 1.7 6.7 5.2 1.5 5.0 4.0 1.0 2002 March -3.8 4.0 2.8 1.2 7.8 6.6 1.2 June 1.3 6.1 4.7 1.4 4.8 3.7 1.1 September -0.8 4.8 3.6 1.2 5.6 4.6 1.0 December 1.0 5.9 4.7 1.2 4.9 4.0 0.9 2003 March -3.3 4.0 2.9 1.1 7.3 5.9 1.4 June 1.6 5.8 4.6 1.2 4.2 3.3 0.9 September -0.6 4.4 3.4 1.0 5.0 4.2 0.8 December 1.6 6.5 5.1 1.4 4.9 4.0 0.9 2004 March -2.8 4.4 3.3 1.1 7.2 5.8 1.4 June 2.1 6.2 4.8 1.4 4.1 3.3 0.8 September -0.9 4.6 3.6 1.0 5.5 4.6 0.9 December 1.8 6.3 5.0 1.3 4.5 3.5 1.0 2005 March -3.1 3.9 2.9 1.0 7.0 5.9 1.1 June 2.1 6.1 5.0 1.1 4.0 3.1 0.9 September -0.8 5.0 3.8 1.2 5.8 4.7 1.1 December 2.1 6.5 5.3 1.2 4.4 3.5 0.9 2006 March -2.5 4.1 3.0 1.1 6.6 5.5 1.1 June 2.0 6.2 4.9 1.3 4.2 3.4 0.8 September -0.7 4.8 3.8 1.0 5.5 4.4 1.1 December 2.1 6.3 5.2 1.1 4.2 3.3 0.9 2007 March -2.5 4.2 3.1 1.1 6.7 5.6 1.1 June 2.3 6.2 5.1 1.1 3.9 3.1 0.8 September -0.3 4.6 3.6 1.0 4.9 4.1 0.8 December 2.2 6.3 5.1 1.2 4.1 3.3 0.8 2008 March -2.1 3.7 2.8 0.9 5.8 4.9 0.9 June 1.3 5.4 4.3 1.1 4.1 3.4 0.7 September -0.8 4.2 3.4 0.8 5.0 4.3 0.7 December 1.1 5.4 4.5 0.9 4.3 3.5 0.8 2009 March -2.7 3.3 2.5 0.8 6.0 5.2 0.8 June 1.6 5.1 4.1 1.0 3.5 2.9 0.6 September -1.0 3.5 2.8 0.7 4.5 3.9 0.6 December 0.7 4.7 3.9 0.8 4.0 3.3 0.7 2010 March -2.6 2.8 2.1 0.7 5.4 4.7 0.7 June 2.1 5.4 4.3 1.1 3.3 2.8 0.5 September -0.8 3.6 2.9 0.7 4.4 3.8 0.6 December 1.5 5.1 4.2 0.9 3.6 2.9 0.7 2011 March -2.2 3.0 2.3 0.7 5.2 4.4 0.8 June 2.3 5.5 4.5 1.0 3.2 2.6 0.6 September -0.5 3.9 3.1 0.8 4.4 3.8 0.6 December 2.1 5.5 4.7 0.8 3.4 2.7 0.7 2012 March -2.2 3.3 2.4 0.9 5.5 4.8 0.7 June 2.8 5.9 4.7 1.2 3.1 2.5 0.6 September -0.5 3.9 3.0 0.9 4.4 3.8 0.6 December 1.8 5.5 4.6 0.9 3.7 2.9 0.8 2013 March -2.0 3.3 2.5 0.8 5.3 4.6 0.7 June 3.0 5.9 4.9 1.0 2.9 2.4 0.5 September 0.0 4.1 3.3 0.8 4.1 3.5 0.6 December 1.6 5.3 4.5 0.8 3.7 3.0 0.7 2014 March -2.0 3.3 2.6 0.7 5.3 4.5 0.8 June 2.9 6.0 5.0 1.0 3.1 2.5 0.6 September -0.5 4.0 3.2 0.8 4.5 3.9 0.6 December 1.9 5.4 4.6 0.8 3.5 2.8 0.7 2015 March -1.5 3.4 2.6 0.8 4.9 4.2 0.7 June 2.4 5.6 4.7 0.9 3.2 2.6 0.6 September -0.8 3.9 3.2 0.7 4.7 4.0 0.7 December 0.9 5.2 4.4 0.8 4.3 3.2 1.1 2016 March -1.6 3.5 2.7 0.8 5.1 4.3 0.8 June 2.1 5.5 4.4 1.1 3.4 2.8 0.6 September -0.9 4.2 3.2 1.0 5.1 4.5 0.6 December 1.6 5.4 4.6 0.8 3.8 3.1 0.7 2017 March -2.0 3.4 2.6 0.8 5.4 4.7 0.7 June 1.8 5.3 4.4 0.9 3.5 2.9 0.6 September -1.8 3.6 2.8 0.8 5.4 4.7 0.7 December 2.1 5.6 4.8 0.8 3.5 2.9 0.6 2018 March -2.3 3.2 2.5 0.7 5.5 4.8 0.7 June 1.4 5.1 4.2 0.9 3.7 3.0 0.7 September -1.2 3.6 2.9 0.7 4.8 4.2 0.6 December 1.6 5.2 4.5 0.7 3.6 2.9 0.7 2019 March -1.7 3.2 2.5 0.7 4.9 4.3 0.6 June 1.2 4.8 4.0 0.8 3.6 3.0 0.6 September -1.1 3.5 2.9 0.6 4.6 4.0 0.6 December 1.5 5.0 4.3 0.7 3.5 2.9 0.6 2020 March -2.0 3.2 2.6 0.6 5.2 4.4 0.8 June 3.2 7.8 7.1 0.7 4.6 3.7 0.9 September -0.6 4.3 3.6 0.7 4.9 4.4 0.5 December 2.9 6.1 5.4 0.7 3.2 2.6 0.6 2021 March -1.8 3.3 2.6 0.7 5.1 4.5 0.6 June -1.0 4.0 3.2 0.8 5.0 4.5 0.5 September -2.0 3.6 2.9 0.7 5.6 5.1 0.5 December 2.7 6.1 5.3 0.8 3.4 2.8 0.6 2022 March -1.1 3.8 3.1 0.7 4.9 4.2 0.7 June 0.9 4.7 3.9 0.8 3.8 3.3 0.5 September 0.0 4.4 3.7 0.7 4.4 3.8 0.6 December 2.4 5.5 4.8 0.7 3.1 2.5 0.6 2023 March -1.7 3.2 2.6 0.6 4.9 4.3 0.6 June 0.9 4.5 3.7 0.8 3.6 3.0 0.6 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.