Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Couriers and Messengers (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September 1.2 4.6 4.0 0.6 3.4 3.0 0.4 December 11.2 13.3 12.7 0.6 2.1 1.6 0.5 1993 March -8.3 4.3 3.0 1.3 12.6 11.5 1.1 June 2.3 5.4 4.9 0.5 3.1 2.6 0.5 September 1.5 5.2 4.7 0.5 3.7 3.1 0.6 December 12.7 14.6 14.0 0.6 1.9 1.6 0.3 1994 March -8.6 4.0 2.8 1.2 12.6 11.7 0.9 June 4.1 6.4 5.8 0.6 2.3 1.8 0.5 September 2.7 5.6 5.1 0.5 2.9 2.4 0.5 December 12.3 14.2 13.4 0.8 1.9 1.4 0.5 1995 March -10.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 13.0 12.4 0.6 June 1.5 4.5 3.8 0.7 3.0 2.4 0.6 September 2.2 5.0 4.6 0.4 2.8 2.2 0.6 December 12.3 14.3 13.8 0.5 2.0 1.5 0.5 1996 March -10.7 3.4 2.4 1.0 14.1 13.1 1.0 June 1.2 4.7 4.0 0.7 3.5 2.8 0.7 September 1.7 4.7 3.5 1.2 3.0 2.4 0.6 December 10.8 12.9 11.9 1.0 2.1 1.5 0.6 1997 March -9.9 2.8 2.1 0.7 12.7 12.1 0.6 June 1.2 4.2 3.7 0.5 3.0 2.6 0.4 September -0.2 3.9 3.3 0.6 4.1 3.4 0.7 December 10.4 12.6 11.9 0.7 2.2 1.7 0.5 1998 March -9.7 3.7 2.4 1.3 13.4 12.0 1.4 June 1.7 4.6 3.4 1.2 2.9 2.2 0.7 September 4.8 7.1 6.7 0.4 2.3 1.9 0.4 December 6.3 9.1 8.4 0.7 2.8 2.4 0.4 1999 March -10.4 2.1 1.6 0.5 12.5 12.0 0.5 June 1.5 4.0 3.4 0.6 2.5 2.0 0.5 September 1.1 3.7 3.3 0.4 2.6 2.2 0.4 December 8.9 12.6 12.0 0.6 3.7 3.1 0.6 2000 March -9.6 2.9 2.2 0.7 12.5 11.8 0.7 June 1.8 5.4 4.1 1.3 3.6 2.8 0.8 September 1.1 4.3 3.5 0.8 3.2 2.4 0.8 December 9.3 11.9 11.0 0.9 2.6 1.9 0.7 2001 March -11.4 2.9 1.9 1.0 14.3 12.8 1.5 June -0.3 3.4 2.8 0.6 3.7 3.0 0.7 September -1.3 3.1 2.3 0.8 4.4 3.5 0.9 December 5.5 8.3 7.8 0.5 2.8 2.2 0.6 2002 March -9.6 1.9 1.3 0.6 11.5 10.8 0.7 June -0.5 2.9 2.5 0.4 3.4 2.7 0.7 September 0.5 3.4 2.7 0.7 2.9 2.3 0.6 December 6.9 9.0 8.6 0.4 2.1 1.6 0.5 2003 March -6.1 2.2 1.6 0.6 8.3 7.4 0.9 June -1.5 2.8 2.3 0.5 4.3 3.7 0.6 September 0.4 3.1 2.6 0.5 2.7 2.2 0.5 December 7.4 9.9 9.5 0.4 2.5 2.0 0.5 2004 March -8.3 1.9 1.5 0.4 10.2 9.5 0.7 June -0.1 3.4 3.1 0.3 3.5 3.1 0.4 September -1.2 2.5 2.1 0.4 3.7 3.2 0.5 December 9.2 11.0 10.6 0.4 1.8 1.4 0.4 2005 March -6.9 3.5 2.8 0.7 10.4 8.6 1.8 June -2.4 3.4 2.5 0.9 5.8 4.7 1.1 September 1.2 4.2 3.7 0.5 3.0 2.1 0.9 December 13.8 15.8 15.4 0.4 2.0 1.5 0.5 2006 March -11.6 2.1 1.5 0.6 13.7 13.1 0.6 June 1.3 3.8 3.3 0.5 2.5 2.0 0.5 September 0.6 3.1 2.7 0.4 2.5 2.1 0.4 December 13.5 14.9 14.5 0.4 1.4 1.1 0.3 2007 March -14.3 1.6 1.2 0.4 15.9 15.5 0.4 June 0.7 3.0 2.5 0.5 2.3 1.9 0.4 September 0.4 2.7 2.3 0.4 2.3 1.9 0.4 December 13.3 14.7 14.3 0.4 1.4 1.1 0.3 2008 March -14.5 1.9 1.2 0.7 16.4 16.0 0.4 June 0.7 4.5 3.8 0.7 3.8 3.2 0.6 September -1.3 2.2 1.8 0.4 3.5 2.8 0.7 December 13.0 15.9 15.4 0.5 2.9 2.5 0.4 2009 March -17.4 1.5 1.0 0.5 18.9 17.9 1.0 June -3.1 2.3 1.4 0.9 5.4 4.4 1.0 September -1.6 2.1 1.8 0.3 3.7 3.2 0.5 December 13.9 15.4 15.0 0.4 1.5 1.2 0.3 2010 March -15.0 1.7 1.2 0.5 16.7 16.2 0.5 June 0.3 2.7 2.1 0.6 2.4 2.0 0.4 September 0.4 2.8 2.4 0.4 2.4 1.9 0.5 December 16.6 17.8 17.2 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.3 2011 March -16.5 1.7 1.0 0.7 18.2 17.7 0.5 June 0.1 2.6 2.1 0.5 2.5 2.0 0.5 September 0.2 2.7 2.2 0.5 2.5 2.0 0.5 December 15.7 17.1 16.7 0.4 1.4 1.0 0.4 2012 March -15.4 1.6 1.2 0.4 17.0 16.5 0.5 June 0.1 2.4 1.9 0.5 2.3 1.9 0.4 September 0.4 2.6 2.2 0.4 2.2 1.8 0.4 December 18.8 20.2 19.8 0.4 1.4 1.0 0.4 2013 March -18.5 1.5 1.1 0.4 20.0 19.5 0.5 June 0.5 2.8 2.4 0.4 2.3 1.9 0.4 September 0.5 3.0 2.5 0.5 2.5 2.1 0.4 December 20.9 22.3 21.9 0.4 1.4 1.0 0.4 2014 March -19.4 1.7 1.3 0.4 21.1 20.6 0.5 June 1.8 4.0 3.6 0.4 2.2 1.8 0.4 September 1.9 4.1 3.6 0.5 2.2 1.8 0.4 December 25.7 26.8 26.4 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.3 2015 March -22.1 1.6 1.2 0.4 23.7 23.3 0.4 June -0.9 3.0 2.6 0.4 3.9 3.5 0.4 September 1.2 3.8 3.2 0.6 2.6 2.1 0.5 December 25.5 26.9 26.3 0.6 1.4 1.0 0.4 2016 March -23.0 1.8 1.3 0.5 24.8 24.4 0.4 June 0.7 3.4 3.0 0.4 2.7 2.3 0.4 September 2.1 4.7 3.9 0.8 2.6 2.1 0.5 December 28.0 29.2 28.2 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.3 2017 March -26.7 1.5 1.1 0.4 28.2 27.6 0.6 June 1.4 4.0 3.6 0.4 2.6 2.1 0.5 September 2.4 4.8 4.3 0.5 2.4 2.0 0.4 December 26.6 27.7 26.5 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.3 2018 March -23.3 1.8 1.4 0.4 25.1 24.6 0.5 June 2.0 4.3 3.7 0.6 2.3 1.9 0.4 September 3.2 5.5 4.9 0.6 2.3 1.9 0.4 December 26.1 27.4 25.9 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.4 2019 March -22.9 2.0 1.5 0.5 24.9 24.1 0.8 June 1.8 4.9 3.9 1.0 3.1 2.7 0.4 September 4.3 6.5 5.1 1.4 2.2 1.8 0.4 December 28.7 30.2 28.5 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.4 2020 March -24.7 2.3 1.6 0.7 27.0 26.5 0.5 June 9.8 13.2 12.4 0.8 3.4 2.8 0.6 September 4.4 7.8 6.4 1.4 3.4 3.0 0.4 December 30.4 31.9 29.9 2.0 1.5 1.1 0.4 2021 March -22.8 2.3 1.5 0.8 25.1 24.6 0.5 June -5.1 3.8 3.1 0.7 8.9 8.5 0.4 September 2.3 6.0 5.1 0.9 3.7 3.1 0.6 December 29.1 30.6 29.0 1.6 1.5 1.1 0.4 2022 March -24.1 2.1 1.6 0.5 26.2 25.7 0.5 June -4.2 2.7 2.1 0.6 6.9 6.3 0.6 September 0.2 4.9 4.3 0.6 4.7 4.1 0.6 December 20.7 22.9 21.9 1.0 2.2 1.6 0.6 2023 March -22.1 1.9 1.3 0.6 24.0 23.4 0.6 June -2.0 3.7 3.1 0.6 5.7 4.9 0.8 September 1.8 5.2 4.6 0.6 3.4 2.8 0.6 December 20.5 22.2 21.4 0.8 1.7 1.1 0.6 2024 March -21.5 1.4 0.9 0.5 22.9 22.4 0.5 June -1.1 3.7 3.2 0.5 4.8 4.1 0.7 September 2.5 5.8 5.2 0.6 3.3 2.6 0.7 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.