Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Miscellaneous Store Retailers (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September -1.1 9.1 6.8 2.3 10.2 8.0 2.2 December 7.2 15.1 12.1 3.0 7.9 5.8 2.1 1993 March -7.7 7.9 5.5 2.4 15.6 12.3 3.3 June 3.9 12.0 9.0 3.0 8.1 6.2 1.9 September 0.0 9.6 7.3 2.3 9.6 7.7 1.9 December 8.7 16.1 12.9 3.2 7.4 5.6 1.8 1994 March -7.8 7.8 5.5 2.3 15.6 12.1 3.5 June 4.1 12.5 9.0 3.5 8.4 6.3 2.1 September 0.7 10.1 7.5 2.6 9.4 7.4 2.0 December 8.4 16.1 13.0 3.1 7.7 5.7 2.0 1995 March -7.1 8.3 6.0 2.3 15.4 12.3 3.1 June 3.3 11.9 8.9 3.0 8.6 6.6 2.0 September 0.2 9.7 7.5 2.2 9.5 7.5 2.0 December 8.6 16.1 12.8 3.3 7.5 5.5 2.0 1996 March -8.0 7.8 5.5 2.3 15.8 12.5 3.3 June 3.6 12.3 9.2 3.1 8.7 6.6 2.1 September 0.2 10.0 7.4 2.6 9.8 7.6 2.2 December 8.3 15.8 12.6 3.2 7.5 5.6 1.9 1997 March -7.2 8.1 5.7 2.4 15.3 12.2 3.1 June 3.1 11.6 8.7 2.9 8.5 6.5 2.0 September 0.0 9.7 7.4 2.3 9.7 7.6 2.1 December 8.0 15.9 12.5 3.4 7.9 5.7 2.2 1998 March -7.2 8.5 5.6 2.9 15.7 11.9 3.8 June 3.5 12.0 8.6 3.4 8.5 6.4 2.1 September 0.2 9.4 7.2 2.2 9.2 7.1 2.1 December 7.3 14.9 12.0 2.9 7.6 5.6 2.0 1999 March -7.1 8.1 5.3 2.8 15.2 12.1 3.1 June 3.8 11.8 8.8 3.0 8.0 6.2 1.8 September -0.4 9.2 7.0 2.2 9.6 7.5 2.1 December 6.8 14.4 11.7 2.7 7.6 5.6 2.0 2000 March -7.4 7.5 5.3 2.2 14.9 11.7 3.2 June 2.7 10.9 8.4 2.5 8.2 6.4 1.8 September -1.0 8.8 6.7 2.1 9.8 7.7 2.1 December 5.5 13.5 11.1 2.4 8.0 6.1 1.9 2001 March -8.5 6.7 4.8 1.9 15.2 12.1 3.1 June 1.6 10.3 7.9 2.4 8.7 6.8 1.9 September -1.8 8.2 6.2 2.0 10.0 7.9 2.1 December 3.7 12.3 9.7 2.6 8.6 6.4 2.2 2002 March -7.3 6.6 4.8 1.8 13.9 11.0 2.9 June 3.1 10.6 8.0 2.6 7.5 5.8 1.7 September -0.8 8.2 6.4 1.8 9.0 7.1 1.9 December 4.4 12.1 9.8 2.3 7.7 5.9 1.8 2003 March -8.2 6.1 4.4 1.7 14.3 11.4 2.9 June 3.0 10.2 7.8 2.4 7.2 5.6 1.6 September -1.1 7.8 6.1 1.7 8.9 7.0 1.9 December 4.8 12.3 10.0 2.3 7.5 5.8 1.7 2004 March -7.4 6.4 4.6 1.8 13.8 10.8 3.0 June 3.2 10.4 8.1 2.3 7.2 5.4 1.8 September -1.1 7.9 6.0 1.9 9.0 7.1 1.9 December 4.6 12.3 9.9 2.4 7.7 5.8 1.9 2005 March -7.6 6.4 4.5 1.9 14.0 10.9 3.1 June 3.7 11.0 8.4 2.6 7.3 5.5 1.8 September -1.1 8.3 6.3 2.0 9.4 7.3 2.1 December 3.5 11.8 9.4 2.4 8.3 6.4 1.9 2006 March -6.1 6.8 5.0 1.8 12.9 10.1 2.8 June 2.8 10.5 8.0 2.5 7.7 6.0 1.7 September -0.9 8.2 6.1 2.1 9.1 7.2 1.9 December 3.8 11.8 9.5 2.3 8.0 6.1 1.9 2007 March -6.3 6.5 4.7 1.8 12.8 10.0 2.8 June 3.4 10.7 8.3 2.4 7.3 5.7 1.6 September -0.9 8.3 6.2 2.1 9.2 7.4 1.8 December 2.9 11.1 8.8 2.3 8.2 6.3 1.9 2008 March -6.4 6.4 4.7 1.7 12.8 10.1 2.7 June 2.2 9.9 7.5 2.4 7.7 5.9 1.8 September -1.1 8.0 6.0 2.0 9.1 7.2 1.9 December 0.3 9.5 7.5 2.0 9.2 7.1 2.1 2009 March -8.9 5.1 3.5 1.6 14.0 10.9 3.1 June 2.8 9.7 7.4 2.3 6.9 5.1 1.8 September -0.9 7.7 5.7 2.0 8.6 6.8 1.8 December 2.1 10.1 8.1 2.0 8.0 6.0 2.0 2010 March -6.2 5.7 4.1 1.6 11.9 9.2 2.7 June 4.2 10.1 7.8 2.3 5.9 4.5 1.4 September -0.1 7.9 5.8 2.1 8.0 6.3 1.7 December 3.0 10.9 8.7 2.2 7.9 6.0 1.9 2011 March -5.9 6.0 4.4 1.6 11.9 9.2 2.7 June 4.3 10.3 8.0 2.3 6.0 4.5 1.5 September 1.1 8.7 6.5 2.2 7.6 6.1 1.5 December 2.6 10.7 8.6 2.1 8.1 6.3 1.8 2012 March -5.5 6.1 4.5 1.6 11.6 9.2 2.4 June 4.6 10.2 7.9 2.3 5.6 4.3 1.3 September 0.6 8.3 6.1 2.2 7.7 6.2 1.5 December 2.3 10.2 8.3 1.9 7.9 6.2 1.7 2013 March -5.8 6.0 4.3 1.7 11.8 9.3 2.5 June 4.8 10.2 8.0 2.2 5.4 4.1 1.3 September 0.9 8.3 6.4 1.9 7.4 6.0 1.4 December 2.2 10.2 8.3 1.9 8.0 6.2 1.8 2014 March -5.6 5.9 4.3 1.6 11.5 9.2 2.3 June 4.3 10.2 8.0 2.2 5.9 4.5 1.4 September 0.1 7.9 6.1 1.8 7.8 6.4 1.4 December 2.2 10.0 8.2 1.8 7.8 6.1 1.7 2015 March -5.5 6.1 4.4 1.7 11.6 9.3 2.3 June 4.2 10.3 8.1 2.2 6.1 4.6 1.5 September 0.2 8.0 6.1 1.9 7.8 6.4 1.4 December 2.7 10.4 8.7 1.7 7.7 5.9 1.8 2016 March -6.1 5.6 4.1 1.5 11.7 9.6 2.1 June 3.4 9.6 7.6 2.0 6.2 4.7 1.5 September 0.0 8.0 6.0 2.0 8.0 6.6 1.4 December 1.4 9.5 7.9 1.6 8.1 6.3 1.8 2017 March -4.7 6.2 4.5 1.7 10.9 8.9 2.0 June 3.8 9.8 7.9 1.9 6.0 4.6 1.4 September -0.2 8.0 6.2 1.8 8.2 6.7 1.5 December 1.4 9.5 7.9 1.6 8.1 6.4 1.7 2018 March -4.7 6.1 4.5 1.6 10.8 8.7 2.1 June 3.8 9.9 7.9 2.0 6.1 4.7 1.4 September -0.6 7.6 5.9 1.7 8.2 6.7 1.5 December 2.6 10.1 8.5 1.6 7.5 5.8 1.7 2019 March -4.9 6.2 4.6 1.6 11.1 8.8 2.3 June 4.0 9.8 7.8 2.0 5.8 4.4 1.4 September -0.4 7.7 5.8 1.9 8.1 6.6 1.5 December 1.1 9.0 7.5 1.5 7.9 6.2 1.7 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.