Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Mining (except Oil and Gas) (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September -0.9 5.3 4.0 1.3 6.2 4.9 1.3 December -4.3 3.7 2.8 0.9 8.0 6.9 1.1 1993 March -3.6 5.7 4.2 1.5 9.3 6.5 2.8 June 2.4 9.1 7.9 1.2 6.7 5.5 1.2 September -2.5 6.0 5.0 1.0 8.5 7.6 0.9 December 0.0 7.6 6.6 1.0 7.6 6.6 1.0 1994 March -2.6 6.0 4.9 1.1 8.6 6.7 1.9 June 5.4 9.6 8.6 1.0 4.2 3.4 0.8 September -0.8 5.3 4.2 1.1 6.1 4.2 1.9 December -2.8 4.6 3.4 1.2 7.4 6.1 1.3 1995 March -2.4 6.4 4.4 2.0 8.8 5.8 3.0 June 5.1 9.7 8.7 1.0 4.6 3.7 0.9 September -0.8 5.2 4.4 0.8 6.0 5.0 1.0 December -3.3 4.4 3.5 0.9 7.7 6.7 1.0 1996 March -2.5 4.9 4.2 0.7 7.4 5.9 1.5 June 6.0 9.5 8.2 1.3 3.5 2.8 0.7 September -0.7 4.3 3.4 0.9 5.0 4.2 0.8 December -3.4 4.3 3.5 0.8 7.7 6.7 1.0 1997 March -1.0 6.0 4.8 1.2 7.0 5.7 1.3 June 4.7 8.7 7.7 1.0 4.0 3.2 0.8 September -0.5 4.9 3.8 1.1 5.4 4.5 0.9 December -3.1 4.2 3.1 1.1 7.3 6.1 1.2 1998 March -2.8 5.0 3.9 1.1 7.8 5.9 1.9 June 4.4 8.7 7.5 1.2 4.3 3.5 0.8 September -1.0 4.4 3.5 0.9 5.4 4.7 0.7 December -3.0 3.7 3.0 0.7 6.7 5.7 1.0 1999 March -3.1 4.8 3.7 1.1 7.9 6.5 1.4 June 4.0 8.8 7.8 1.0 4.8 3.7 1.1 September -3.1 4.4 3.6 0.8 7.5 6.2 1.3 December -3.3 3.9 3.0 0.9 7.2 6.3 0.9 2000 March -3.3 4.9 4.1 0.8 8.2 6.7 1.5 June 2.8 8.2 7.3 0.9 5.4 4.1 1.3 September -0.9 4.9 4.0 0.9 5.8 4.8 1.0 December -4.0 3.6 2.9 0.7 7.6 6.8 0.8 2001 March -1.4 5.7 4.5 1.2 7.1 5.8 1.3 June 5.5 9.4 8.2 1.2 3.9 3.2 0.7 September -0.2 5.1 4.0 1.1 5.3 4.3 1.0 December -3.7 4.2 3.5 0.7 7.9 6.8 1.1 2002 March -3.6 5.4 4.0 1.4 9.0 6.4 2.6 June 2.9 8.1 7.0 1.1 5.2 4.0 1.2 September -1.2 4.1 3.3 0.8 5.3 4.3 1.0 December -4.2 3.2 2.8 0.4 7.4 6.3 1.1 2003 March -3.3 4.6 3.7 0.9 7.9 6.6 1.3 June 4.6 9.2 8.2 1.0 4.6 3.7 0.9 September -1.0 4.3 3.6 0.7 5.3 4.5 0.8 December -2.2 3.8 3.3 0.5 6.0 5.4 0.6 2004 March -1.6 5.0 4.0 1.0 6.6 5.2 1.4 June 6.7 9.4 8.3 1.1 2.7 2.2 0.5 September 0.6 4.7 4.2 0.5 4.1 3.5 0.6 December -2.2 3.9 3.4 0.5 6.1 5.5 0.6 2005 March -1.4 5.6 4.5 1.1 7.0 5.4 1.6 June 7.3 9.9 9.0 0.9 2.6 2.0 0.6 September -0.3 4.1 3.6 0.5 4.4 4.0 0.4 December -1.5 4.4 4.0 0.4 5.9 5.4 0.5 2006 March -0.6 4.9 4.2 0.7 5.5 4.7 0.8 June 5.7 9.2 8.4 0.8 3.5 3.0 0.5 September -0.3 4.1 3.6 0.5 4.4 3.9 0.5 December -2.6 3.9 3.3 0.6 6.5 5.7 0.8 2007 March -1.8 4.8 4.1 0.7 6.6 5.6 1.0 June 5.5 8.9 8.0 0.9 3.4 2.7 0.7 September -1.0 3.9 3.3 0.6 4.9 4.3 0.6 December -2.5 3.8 3.4 0.4 6.3 5.6 0.7 2008 March -1.8 4.6 4.0 0.6 6.4 5.5 0.9 June 6.5 9.3 8.4 0.9 2.8 2.4 0.4 September 0.5 4.6 3.9 0.7 4.1 3.4 0.7 December -3.5 3.9 3.5 0.4 7.4 6.8 0.6 2009 March -6.8 3.5 3.0 0.5 10.3 9.4 0.9 June 1.0 7.9 7.0 0.9 6.9 6.3 0.6 September -1.7 4.0 3.5 0.5 5.7 5.1 0.6 December -3.9 4.0 3.5 0.5 7.9 7.3 0.6 2010 March -2.0 5.0 4.4 0.6 7.0 6.1 0.9 June 7.5 10.2 9.3 0.9 2.7 2.2 0.5 September 0.7 4.4 3.9 0.5 3.7 3.2 0.5 December -2.2 3.8 3.2 0.6 6.0 5.4 0.6 2011 March -0.5 4.8 4.1 0.7 5.3 4.5 0.8 June 7.0 9.3 8.4 0.9 2.3 1.9 0.4 September 0.8 4.3 3.8 0.5 3.5 3.1 0.4 December -1.3 3.9 3.4 0.5 5.2 4.6 0.6 2012 March -1.0 4.7 4.2 0.5 5.7 4.7 1.0 June 4.0 7.7 6.8 0.9 3.7 3.1 0.6 September -1.6 3.4 3.0 0.4 5.0 4.5 0.5 December -4.4 3.0 2.5 0.5 7.4 6.7 0.7 2013 March -1.9 4.0 3.5 0.5 5.9 5.0 0.9 June 4.4 7.7 7.0 0.7 3.3 2.8 0.5 September -1.8 3.1 2.8 0.3 4.9 4.3 0.6 December -3.3 3.2 2.8 0.4 6.5 5.9 0.6 2014 March -2.3 4.1 3.5 0.6 6.4 5.7 0.7 June 4.7 8.1 7.5 0.6 3.4 2.9 0.5 September -0.4 3.6 3.1 0.5 4.0 3.6 0.4 December -3.5 3.0 2.7 0.3 6.5 5.7 0.8 2015 March -3.1 3.9 3.3 0.6 7.0 6.3 0.7 June 3.3 7.5 7.0 0.5 4.2 3.9 0.3 September -2.9 3.2 2.7 0.5 6.1 5.2 0.9 December -5.4 2.9 2.3 0.6 8.3 7.4 0.9 2016 March -5.1 3.7 3.1 0.6 8.8 7.9 0.9 June 2.6 7.6 6.8 0.8 5.0 4.5 0.5 September -1.5 3.8 3.4 0.4 5.3 4.7 0.6 December -1.6 4.3 3.7 0.6 5.9 5.3 0.6 2017 March 0.4 5.2 4.5 0.7 4.8 4.2 0.6 June 5.5 8.0 7.4 0.6 2.5 2.1 0.4 September -0.3 3.6 3.2 0.4 3.9 3.3 0.6 December -1.9 3.4 2.9 0.5 5.3 4.7 0.6 2018 March -0.4 4.5 4.0 0.5 4.9 4.2 0.7 June 5.1 7.9 7.3 0.6 2.8 2.3 0.5 September -0.1 3.6 3.3 0.3 3.7 3.2 0.5 December -2.2 3.2 2.8 0.4 5.4 5.0 0.4 2019 March -1.4 4.0 3.2 0.8 5.4 4.5 0.9 June 3.4 6.9 6.2 0.7 3.5 3.2 0.3 September -0.9 3.5 3.1 0.4 4.4 3.8 0.6 December -3.9 3.1 2.7 0.4 7.0 5.9 1.1 2020 March -2.5 3.7 3.1 0.6 6.2 5.3 0.9 June -3.3 5.9 5.3 0.6 9.2 8.7 0.5 September 0.0 5.4 5.0 0.4 5.4 4.5 0.9 December -1.7 4.2 3.7 0.5 5.9 5.0 0.9 2021 March -0.9 4.6 3.7 0.9 5.5 4.7 0.8 June 4.4 7.3 6.8 0.5 2.9 2.6 0.3 September -0.5 3.5 3.2 0.3 4.0 3.6 0.4 December -0.4 4.6 4.0 0.6 5.0 4.4 0.6 2022 March -0.3 4.5 3.8 0.7 4.8 4.1 0.7 June 4.1 7.4 6.9 0.5 3.3 2.7 0.6 September 0.9 4.2 3.6 0.6 3.3 2.9 0.4 December -1.4 3.6 3.2 0.4 5.0 4.5 0.5 2023 March -0.1 3.9 3.4 0.5 4.0 3.4 0.6 June 4.8 7.4 6.6 0.8 2.6 2.3 0.3 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.