Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	2023
	Less than a high school diploma	High school graduates, no college(1)	Some college or associate degree			Bachelor's degree and higher
	Less than a high school diploma	High school graduates, no college(1)	Total	Some college, no degree	Associate degree	Total(2)	Bachelor's degree only	Advanced degree
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	19,480	63,419	56,926	32,847	24,079	87,778	54,106	33,672
Civilian labor force	9,180	35,928	35,803	19,911	15,891	64,077	39,357	24,720
Participation rate	47.1	56.7	62.9	60.6	66.0	73.0	72.7	73.4
Employed	8,669	34,529	34,714	19,256	15,457	62,752	38,489	24,263
Employment-population ratio	44.5	54.4	61.0	58.6	64.2	71.5	71.1	72.1
Unemployed	511	1,399	1,089	655	434	1,324	868	456
Unemployment rate	5.6	3.9	3.0	3.3	2.7	2.1	2.2	1.8
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population	9,967	32,446	26,821	16,051	10,770	41,402	25,774	15,628
Civilian labor force	5,919	21,412	18,500	10,783	7,717	31,821	20,100	11,721
Participation rate	59.4	66.0	69.0	67.2	71.7	76.9	78.0	75.0
Employed	5,617	20,559	17,928	10,431	7,497	31,153	19,661	11,493
Employment-population ratio	56.4	63.4	66.8	65.0	69.6	75.2	76.3	73.5
Unemployed	302	852	573	352	220	668	439	229
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.0	3.1	3.3	2.9	2.1	2.2	1.9
Women
Civilian noninstitutional population	9,513	30,973	30,105	16,796	13,309	46,376	28,331	18,044
Civilian labor force	3,262	14,516	17,302	9,128	8,174	32,256	19,257	12,998
Participation rate	34.3	46.9	57.5	54.3	61.4	69.6	68.0	72.0
Employed	3,052	13,970	16,786	8,826	7,960	31,599	18,828	12,771
Employment-population ratio	32.1	45.1	55.8	52.5	59.8	68.1	66.5	70.8
Unemployed	209	547	516	303	214	657	429	228
Unemployment rate	6.4	3.8	3.0	3.3	2.6	2.0	2.2	1.8
White
Civilian noninstitutional population	14,776	48,957	44,376	25,347	19,029	67,744	42,178	25,567
Civilian labor force	7,266	27,358	27,375	15,066	12,309	48,602	30,361	18,241
Participation rate	49.2	55.9	61.7	59.4	64.7	71.7	72.0	71.3
Employed	6,896	26,430	26,638	14,630	12,008	47,661	29,727	17,933
Employment-population ratio	46.7	54.0	60.0	57.7	63.1	70.4	70.5	70.1
Unemployed	369	928	737	436	301	941	633	308
Unemployment rate	5.1	3.4	2.7	2.9	2.4	1.9	2.1	1.7
Black or African American
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,616	9,460	8,213	5,041	3,172	8,607	5,385	3,222
Civilian labor force	1,032	5,610	5,535	3,243	2,291	6,733	4,179	2,553
Participation rate	39.5	59.3	67.4	64.3	72.2	78.2	77.6	79.2
Employed	936	5,269	5,287	3,085	2,202	6,568	4,064	2,504
Employment-population ratio	35.8	55.7	64.4	61.2	69.4	76.3	75.5	77.7
Unemployed	96	341	248	159	89	164	115	49
Unemployment rate	9.3	6.1	4.5	4.9	3.9	2.4	2.8	1.9
Asian
Civilian noninstitutional population	1,157	2,685	2,088	1,119	969	9,272	5,132	4,139
Civilian labor force	452	1,510	1,380	717	663	7,052	3,721	3,330
Participation rate	39.1	56.2	66.1	64.1	68.4	76.1	72.5	80.5
Employed	436	1,464	1,339	698	641	6,877	3,636	3,241
Employment-population ratio	37.7	54.5	64.1	62.3	66.2	74.2	70.8	78.3
Unemployed	16	46	41	20	22	175	86	89
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.0	3.0	2.8	3.3	2.5	2.3	2.7
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population	9,207	12,315	8,087	4,825	3,262	8,228	5,689	2,540
Civilian labor force	5,363	8,513	5,969	3,510	2,459	6,582	4,540	2,042
Participation rate	58.3	69.1	73.8	72.8	75.4	80.0	79.8	80.4
Employed	5,098	8,152	5,764	3,385	2,380	6,419	4,414	2,005
Employment-population ratio	55.4	66.2	71.3	70.2	72.9	78.0	77.6	78.9
Unemployed	265	361	205	125	79	163	126	37
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.2	3.4	3.6	3.2	2.5	2.8	1.8
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor`s, master`s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Last Modified Date: January 26, 2024