Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by selected characteristics : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
40. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by selected characteristics [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	2022					2023
	Total employed	Members of unions(1)		Represented by unions(2)		Total employed	Members of unions(1)		Represented by unions(2)
	Total employed	Total	Percent of employed	Total	Percent of employed	Total employed	Total	Percent of employed	Total	Percent of employed
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	141,673	14,285	10.1	16,002	11.3	144,541	14,424	10.0	16,193	11.2
16 to 24 years	18,811	830	4.4	984	5.2	19,759	863	4.4	1,023	5.2
25 years and over	122,863	13,456	11.0	15,018	12.2	124,782	13,561	10.9	15,170	12.2
25 to 34 years	33,030	2,965	9.0	3,343	10.1	33,584	3,021	9.0	3,440	10.2
35 to 44 years	30,955	3,460	11.2	3,848	12.4	31,731	3,522	11.1	3,941	12.4
45 to 54 years	27,753	3,502	12.6	3,904	14.1	28,177	3,547	12.6	3,931	14.0
55 to 64 years	23,130	2,799	12.1	3,097	13.4	22,980	2,753	12.0	3,056	13.3
65 years and over	7,995	731	9.1	826	10.3	8,310	717	8.6	802	9.7

Men, 16 years and over	73,672	7,771	10.5	8,551	11.6	75,079	7,847	10.5	8,730	11.6
16 to 24 years	9,481	504	5.3	583	6.1	9,866	531	5.4	619	6.3
25 years and over	64,192	7,267	11.3	7,968	12.4	65,213	7,316	11.2	8,110	12.4
25 to 34 years	17,370	1,654	9.5	1,827	10.5	17,724	1,734	9.8	1,945	11.0
35 to 44 years	16,350	1,895	11.6	2,085	12.8	16,810	1,905	11.3	2,102	12.5
45 to 54 years	14,313	1,819	12.7	1,989	13.9	14,586	1,876	12.9	2,076	14.2
55 to 64 years	11,931	1,497	12.5	1,621	13.6	11,849	1,434	12.1	1,585	13.4
65 years and over	4,228	402	9.5	446	10.5	4,244	367	8.7	403	9.5

Women, 16 years and over	68,001	6,515	9.6	7,451	11.0	69,462	6,577	9.5	7,463	10.7
16 to 24 years	9,330	326	3.5	401	4.3	9,893	332	3.4	404	4.1
25 years and over	58,671	6,189	10.5	7,050	12.0	59,569	6,244	10.5	7,060	11.9
25 to 34 years	15,660	1,311	8.4	1,516	9.7	15,860	1,287	8.1	1,495	9.4
35 to 44 years	14,605	1,565	10.7	1,764	12.1	14,922	1,618	10.8	1,840	12.3
45 to 54 years	13,441	1,683	12.5	1,915	14.2	13,591	1,671	12.3	1,855	13.7
55 to 64 years	11,199	1,302	11.6	1,475	13.2	11,131	1,319	11.8	1,471	13.2
65 years and over	3,767	328	8.7	380	10.1	4,066	350	8.6	399	9.8

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
White	108,230	10,792	10.0	12,111	11.2	109,689	10,777	9.8	12,130	11.1
Men	57,186	5,947	10.4	6,530	11.4	57,949	5,952	10.3	6,625	11.4
Women	51,044	4,846	9.5	5,581	10.9	51,740	4,826	9.3	5,505	10.6
Black or African American	18,499	2,140	11.6	2,374	12.8	19,182	2,262	11.8	2,509	13.1
Men	8,725	1,138	13.0	1,246	14.3	9,017	1,190	13.2	1,309	14.5
Women	9,774	1,002	10.3	1,128	11.5	10,165	1,072	10.5	1,200	11.8
Asian	9,615	800	8.3	882	9.2	10,044	786	7.8	904	9.0
Men	5,025	384	7.6	426	8.5	5,261	414	7.9	483	9.2
Women	4,590	416	9.1	455	9.9	4,783	372	7.8	420	8.8
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	26,386	2,335	8.8	2,652	10.0	27,361	2,462	9.0	2,742	10.0
Men	14,669	1,336	9.1	1,506	10.3	15,027	1,381	9.2	1,524	10.1
Women	11,717	999	8.5	1,146	9.8	12,334	1,081	8.8	1,218	9.9

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS(3)
Full-time workers	118,869	13,021	11.0	14,552	12.2	120,907	13,197	10.9	14,783	12.2
Part-time workers	22,628	1,247	5.5	1,432	6.3	23,476	1,210	5.2	1,390	5.9
Footnotes (1) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (2) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. (3) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders. Full time is 35 hours or more per week; part time is less than 35 hours.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Last Modified Date: January 26, 2024