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Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey
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JOLTS 2021 Benchmark Article
Incorporation of March 2021 Benchmarks into Estimates for the BLS Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey
- Overview of the revisions
- Benchmarking & Associated Annual Processing Overview
- Availability of revised estimates
- Table of figures
Authored by Jonathan Krause
Jonathan Krause is an economist in the Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) released its annual revisions to the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) estimates on March 9, 2022. This release includes revisions to national and regional estimates of job openings, hires, and separations for a 5-year period. The revised estimates incorporate benchmarks based on Current Employment Statistics (CES) benchmarked employment estimates and revised seasonal adjustment factors, as well as special adjustments for 2020 to incorporate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and temporary hiring for the decennial census.
Overview of the revisions
- For job openings, the March 2021 benchmarked seasonally adjusted level is 8,480,000. This is a revision of 192,000, or 2.3 percent. The not seasonally adjusted benchmarked level for job openings is 8,286,000. This is a revision of -80,000, or -1.0 percent.
- For hires, the March 2021 benchmarked seasonally adjusted level is 6,208,000. This is a revision of 202,000, or 3.3 percent. The not seasonally adjusted benchmarked level for hires is 5,632,000. This is a revision of 15,000, or 0.3 percent.
- For total separations, the March 2021 benchmarked seasonally adjusted level is 5,540,000. This is a revision of 104,000, or 1.9 percent. The not seasonally adjusted benchmarked level for separations is 4,855,000. This is a revision of 110,000, or 2.3 percent.
- For quits, the March 2021 benchmarked seasonally adjusted level is 3,695,000. This is a revision of 127,000, or 3.4 percent. The not seasonally adjusted benchmarked level for quits is 3,325,000. This is a revision of 29,000, or 0.9 percent.
- For layoffs and discharges, the March 2021 benchmarked seasonally adjusted level is 1,512,000. This is a revision of -13,000, or -0.9 percent. The not seasonally adjusted benchmarked level for layoffs and discharges is 1,218,000. This is a revision of 86,000, or 7.1 percent.
- For other separations, the March 2021 benchmarked seasonally adjusted level is 333,000. This is a revision of -10,000, or -3.0 percent. The not seasonally adjusted benchmarked level for other separations is 311,000. This is a revision of -6,000, or -1.9 percent.
| Data element | Seasonally adjusted | Not seasonally adjusted | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Level difference | Percent difference | As revised | As previously published | Level difference | Percent difference | |
Job openings | 8,480 | 8,288 | +192 | +2.3 | 8,286 | 8,366 | -80 | -1.0 |
Hires | 6,208 | 6,006 | +202 | +3.3 | 5,632 | 5,617 | +15 | +0.3 |
Total separations | 5,540 | 5,436 | +104 | +1.9 | 4,855 | 4,745 | +110 | +2.3 |
Quits | 3,695 | 3,568 | +127 | +3.4 | 3,325 | 3,296 | +29 | +0.9 |
Layoffs and discharges | 1,512 | 1,525 | -13 | -0.9 | 1,218 | 1,132 | +86 | +7.1 |
Other separations | 333 | 343 | -10 | -3.0 | 311 | 317 | -6 | -1.9 |
Benchmarking & Associated Annual Processing Overview
Benchmarking process
The JOLTS estimates are revised each year to reflect annual updates to the CES employment estimates. Once the CES benchmarked employment estimates are available, the JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels. The resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual benchmark process results in revisions to both the not seasonally adjusted and seasonally adjusted estimates for the period since the last benchmark was established.
Associated Annual Processing Adjustments
Seasonal adjustment
Each year, seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years for each of the JOLTS data elements in order to reflect annual updates to the seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS alignment process aligns the JOLTS seasonally adjusted estimates to the CES seasonally adjusted trend. After these estimates are aligned, the process removes the seasonal factors to obtain the not seasonally adjusted series. The seasonal adjustment process is repeated using the aligned not-seasonally-adjusted estimates. Because of this process, the series that are not seasonally adjusted are also recalculated for the most recent 5 years. More information on the JOLTS alignment procedure can be found in the JOLTS Handbook of Methods.
Seasonal adjustment changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Selecting outliers, or any data points that fall outside of the normal monthly values, is a standard part of seasonally adjusting any time series. Until the 2021 benchmark, BLS included only point outliers (also known as additive outliers, or AO) in its annual seasonal adjustment processing. Point outliers only affect the month in which they occur and do not have a persistent influence over subsequent months. Using AOs allowed for more control over outliers from the end of the input series in the most recent year of data. However, research into the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on seasonal patterns has resulted in improvements to how BLS will treat outliers in JOLTS seasonal adjustment from January 2022 forward.
With the 2021 benchmark, BLS will allow other types of outliers, known as temporary change (TC) and level shift (LS) outliers, to be included in seasonal adjustment of series to better account for seasonal patterns without removing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. Temporary change outliers show a shock to one month of data followed by an effect on subsequent months that diminishes over time. Level shift outliers show a shock that interrupts a normal seasonal pattern that is then continued at the new post-shock level. Any shock at the end of a time series must be an AO because TC and LS outliers can only be identified after enough time has passed to recognize either a diminishing effect (for a TC) or a continuation of seasonal pattern at a new level (for an LS).
A seasonal adjustment run selecting only AOs is run initially. The other two outlier types, in addition to the AO outliers, are automatically chosen by X13-ARIMA-SEATS and used in a second seasonal adjustment run. Both the AO-only and additional outlier runs are manually reviewed by JOLTS analysts for each basic level series, and the seasonally adjusted series with the best fit is chosen.
For technical information on how seasonal adjustment is performed in the JOLTS program, see the Seasonal Adjustment section of the JOLTS Handbook of Methods.
Additional information
See the JOLTS 2020 Benchmark Article for information on additional processes implemented to incorporate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the decennial census.
Availability of revised estimates
The BLS public database contains all historical JOLTS estimates that have been revised as a result of the benchmark process. The estimates can be accessed on the JOLTS database page.
Tables
| 2021 | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Difference | As revised | As previously published | Difference | |
January | 7,232 | 7,099 | +133 | 4.8 | 4.7 | +0.1 |
February | 7,860 | 7,526 | +334 | 5.2 | 5.0 | +0.2 |
March | 8,480 | 8,288 | +192 | 5.5 | 5.4 | +0.1 |
April | 9,265 | 9,193 | +72 | 6.0 | 6.0 | +0.0 |
May | 9,639 | 9,483 | +156 | 6.2 | 6.1 | +0.1 |
June | 9,852 | 10,185 | -333 | 6.3 | 6.5 | -0.2 |
July | 10,783 | 11,098 | -315 | 6.9 | 7.0 | -0.1 |
August | 10,629 | 10,629 | +0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | +0.0 |
September | 10,673 | 10,602 | +71 | 6.8 | 6.7 | +0.1 |
October | 11,094 | 11,091 | +3 | 7.0 | 7.0 | +0.0 |
November | 10,922 | 10,775 | +147 | 6.8 | 6.8 | +0.0 |
December | 11,448 | 10,925 | +523 | 7.1 | 6.8 | +0.3 |
| 2021 | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Difference | As revised | As previously published | Difference | |
January | 5,719 | 5,465 | +254 | 4.0 | 3.8 | +0.2 |
February | 6,028 | 5,794 | +234 | 4.2 | 4.0 | +0.2 |
March | 6,208 | 6,006 | +202 | 4.3 | 4.2 | +0.1 |
April | 6,121 | 6,012 | +109 | 4.2 | 4.2 | +0.0 |
May | 6,092 | 6,022 | +70 | 4.2 | 4.2 | +0.0 |
June | 6,414 | 6,827 | -413 | 4.4 | 4.7 | -0.3 |
July | 6,556 | 6,761 | -205 | 4.5 | 4.6 | -0.1 |
August | 6,362 | 6,497 | -135 | 4.3 | 4.4 | -0.1 |
September | 6,504 | 6,546 | -42 | 4.4 | 4.4 | +0.0 |
October | 6,460 | 6,506 | -46 | 4.4 | 4.4 | +0.0 |
November | 6,705 | 6,596 | +109 | 4.5 | 4.4 | +0.1 |
December | 6,450 | 6,263 | +187 | 4.3 | 4.2 | +0.1 |
| 2021 | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Difference | As revised | As previously published | Difference | |
January | 5,172 | 5,323 | -151 | 3.6 | 3.7 | -0.1 |
February | 5,400 | 5,429 | -29 | 3.8 | 3.8 | +0.0 |
March | 5,540 | 5,436 | +104 | 3.8 | 3.8 | +0.0 |
April | 5,753 | 5,803 | -50 | 4.0 | 4.0 | +0.0 |
May | 5,513 | 5,330 | +183 | 3.8 | 3.7 | +0.1 |
June | 5,793 | 5,612 | +181 | 4.0 | 3.8 | +0.2 |
July | 5,874 | 5,792 | +82 | 4.0 | 3.9 | +0.1 |
August | 5,913 | 6,032 | -119 | 4.0 | 4.1 | -0.1 |
September | 6,008 | 6,147 | -139 | 4.1 | 4.2 | -0.1 |
October | 5,852 | 5,891 | -39 | 4.0 | 4.0 | +0.0 |
November | 6,197 | 6,205 | -8 | 4.2 | 4.2 | +0.0 |
December | 6,042 | 5,900 | +142 | 4.1 | 4.0 | +0.1 |
| 2021 | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Difference | As revised | As previously published | Difference | |
January | 3,311 | 3,306 | +5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | +0.0 |
February | 3,439 | 3,383 | +56 | 2.4 | 2.4 | +0.0 |
March | 3,695 | 3,568 | +127 | 2.6 | 2.5 | +0.1 |
April | 4,015 | 3,992 | +23 | 2.8 | 2.8 | +0.0 |
May | 3,838 | 3,630 | +208 | 2.6 | 2.5 | +0.1 |
June | 4,035 | 3,870 | +165 | 2.8 | 2.7 | +0.1 |
July | 4,088 | 4,028 | +60 | 2.8 | 2.7 | +0.1 |
August | 4,126 | 4,270 | -144 | 2.8 | 2.9 | -0.1 |
September | 4,253 | 4,362 | -109 | 2.9 | 3.0 | -0.1 |
October | 4,132 | 4,157 | -25 | 2.8 | 2.8 | +0.0 |
November | 4,510 | 4,499 | +11 | 3.0 | 3.0 | +0.0 |
December | 4,403 | 4,338 | +65 | 3.0 | 2.9 | +0.1 |
| 2021 | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Difference | As revised | As previously published | Difference | |
January | 1,582 | 1,724 | -142 | 1.1 | 1.2 | -0.1 |
February | 1,641 | 1,723 | -82 | 1.1 | 1.2 | -0.1 |
March | 1,512 | 1,525 | -13 | 1.0 | 1.1 | -0.1 |
April | 1,384 | 1,450 | -66 | 1.0 | 1.0 | +0.0 |
May | 1,343 | 1,353 | -10 | 0.9 | 0.9 | +0.0 |
June | 1,361 | 1,354 | +7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | +0.0 |
July | 1,440 | 1,423 | +17 | 1.0 | 1.0 | +0.0 |
August | 1,404 | 1,385 | +19 | 1.0 | 0.9 | +0.1 |
September | 1,405 | 1,396 | +9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | +0.1 |
October | 1,342 | 1,350 | -8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | +0.0 |
November | 1,295 | 1,309 | -14 | 0.9 | 0.9 | +0.0 |
December | 1,262 | 1,169 | +93 | 0.8 | 0.8 | +0.0 |
| 2021 | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Difference | As revised | As previously published | Difference | |
January | 278 | 294 | -16 | 0.2 | 0.2 | +0.0 |
February | 319 | 323 | -4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | +0.0 |
March | 333 | 343 | -10 | 0.2 | 0.2 | +0.0 |
April | 354 | 360 | -6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | +0.0 |
May | 333 | 347 | -14 | 0.2 | 0.2 | +0.0 |
June | 397 | 389 | +8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | +0.0 |
July | 346 | 341 | +5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | +0.0 |
August | 383 | 378 | +5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | +0.0 |
September | 349 | 388 | -39 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.1 |
October | 379 | 385 | -6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | +0.0 |
November | 393 | 397 | -4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | +0.0 |
December | 377 | 392 | -15 | 0.3 | 0.3 | +0.0 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 8,480 | 8,288 | +192 | +2.3 |
Total private | 7,662 | 7,446 | +216 | +2.8 |
Mining and logging | 25 | 31 | -6 | -24.0 |
Construction | 336 | 334 | +2 | +0.6 |
Manufacturing | 751 | 749 | +2 | +0.3 |
Durable goods | 387 | 393 | -6 | -1.6 |
Nondurable goods | 365 | 356 | +9 | +2.5 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 1,667 | 1,562 | +105 | +6.3 |
Wholesale trade | 246 | 256 | -10 | -4.1 |
Retail trade | 966 | 899 | +67 | +6.9 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 456 | 406 | +50 | +11.0 |
Information | 111 | 102 | +9 | +8.1 |
Financial activities | 335 | 346 | -11 | -3.3 |
Finance and insurance | 266 | 264 | +2 | +0.8 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 69 | 82 | -13 | -18.8 |
Professional and business services | 1,588 | 1,421 | +167 | +10.5 |
Education and health services | 1,499 | 1,431 | +68 | +4.5 |
Educational services | 129 | 144 | -15 | -11.6 |
Healthcare and social assistance | 1,370 | 1,287 | +83 | +6.1 |
Leisure and hospitality | 1,108 | 1,195 | -87 | -7.9 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 174 | 206 | -32 | -18.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 934 | 989 | -55 | -5.9 |
Other services | 241 | 275 | -34 | -14.1 |
Government | 818 | 843 | -25 | -3.1 |
Federal | 127 | 126 | +1 | +0.8 |
State and local | 691 | 717 | -26 | -3.8 |
State and local education | 266 | 267 | -1 | -0.4 |
State and local, excluding education | 426 | 450 | -24 | -5.6 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 1,807 | 1,783 | +24 | +1.3 |
Northeast | 1,521 | 1,524 | -3 | -0.2 |
South | 3,310 | 3,163 | +147 | +4.4 |
West | 1,841 | 1,818 | +23 | +1.2 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 6,208 | 6,006 | +202 | +3.3 |
Total private | 5,832 | 5,646 | +186 | +3.2 |
Mining and logging | 24 | 31 | -7 | -29.2 |
Construction | 444 | 442 | +2 | +0.5 |
Manufacturing | 449 | 434 | +15 | +3.3 |
Durable goods | 261 | 255 | +6 | +2.3 |
Nondurable goods | 188 | 180 | +8 | +4.3 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 1,270 | 1,156 | +114 | +9.0 |
Wholesale trade | 157 | 148 | +9 | +5.7 |
Retail trade | 812 | 755 | +57 | +7.0 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 301 | 252 | +49 | +16.3 |
Information | 102 | 94 | +8 | +7.8 |
Financial activities | 205 | 209 | -4 | -2.0 |
Finance and insurance | 135 | 132 | +3 | +2.2 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 70 | 77 | -7 | -10.0 |
Professional and business services | 1,214 | 1,129 | +85 | +7.0 |
Education and health services | 763 | 754 | +9 | +1.2 |
Educational services | 102 | 114 | -12 | -11.8 |
Healthcare and social assistance | 661 | 640 | +21 | +3.2 |
Leisure and hospitality | 1,143 | 1,172 | -29 | -2.5 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 154 | 157 | -3 | -1.9 |
Accommodation and food services | 989 | 1,015 | -26 | -2.6 |
Other services | 219 | 226 | -7 | -3.2 |
Government | 376 | 360 | +16 | +4.3 |
Federal | 38 | 35 | +3 | +7.9 |
State and local | 338 | 325 | +13 | +3.8 |
State and local education | 175 | 162 | +13 | +7.4 |
State and local, excluding education | 162 | 164 | -2 | -1.2 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 1,354 | 1,295 | +59 | +4.4 |
Northeast | 1,014 | 997 | +17 | +1.7 |
South | 2,406 | 2,295 | +111 | +4.6 |
West | 1,434 | 1,419 | +15 | +1.0 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 5,540 | 5,436 | +104 | +1.9 |
Total private | 5,212 | 5,100 | +112 | +2.1 |
Mining and logging | 15 | 14 | +1 | +6.7 |
Construction | 353 | 358 | -5 | -1.4 |
Manufacturing | 414 | 402 | +12 | +2.9 |
Durable goods | 235 | 229 | +6 | +2.6 |
Nondurable goods | 179 | 172 | +7 | +3.9 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 1,188 | 1,120 | +68 | +5.7 |
Wholesale trade | 153 | 141 | +12 | +7.8 |
Retail trade | 744 | 726 | +18 | +2.4 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 292 | 253 | +39 | +13.4 |
Information | 87 | 89 | -2 | -2.3 |
Financial activities | 195 | 198 | -3 | -1.5 |
Finance and insurance | 128 | 132 | -4 | -3.1 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 67 | 66 | +1 | +1.5 |
Professional and business services | 1,106 | 1,058 | +48 | +4.3 |
Education and health services | 690 | 678 | +12 | +1.7 |
Educational services | 80 | 80 | +0 | +0.0 |
Healthcare and social assistance | 611 | 598 | +13 | +2.1 |
Leisure and hospitality | 958 | 981 | -23 | -2.4 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 107 | 116 | -9 | -8.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 851 | 865 | -14 | -1.6 |
Other services | 204 | 203 | +1 | +0.5 |
Government | 328 | 335 | -7 | -2.1 |
Federal | 38 | 36 | +2 | +5.3 |
State and local | 290 | 299 | -9 | -3.1 |
State and local education | 139 | 149 | -10 | -7.2 |
State and local, excluding education | 151 | 150 | +1 | +0.7 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 1,243 | 1,200 | +43 | +3.5 |
Northeast | 818 | 815 | +3 | +0.4 |
South | 2,251 | 2,197 | +54 | +2.4 |
West | 1,228 | 1,223 | +5 | +0.4 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 3,695 | 3,568 | +127 | +3.4 |
Total private | 3,513 | 3,387 | +126 | +3.6 |
Mining and logging | 9 | 9 | +0 | +0.0 |
Construction | 187 | 198 | -11 | -5.9 |
Manufacturing | 278 | 262 | +16 | +5.8 |
Durable goods | 161 | 150 | +11 | +6.8 |
Nondurable goods | 117 | 113 | +4 | +3.4 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 852 | 787 | +65 | +7.6 |
Wholesale trade | 94 | 89 | +5 | +5.3 |
Retail trade | 573 | 543 | +30 | +5.2 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 185 | 155 | +30 | +16.2 |
Information | 56 | 57 | -1 | -1.8 |
Financial activities | 124 | 122 | +2 | +1.6 |
Finance and insurance | 79 | 80 | -1 | -1.3 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 44 | 42 | +2 | +4.5 |
Professional and business services | 633 | 613 | +20 | +3.2 |
Education and health services | 526 | 507 | +19 | +3.6 |
Educational services | 52 | 46 | +6 | +11.5 |
Healthcare and social assistance | 474 | 460 | +14 | +3.0 |
Leisure and hospitality | 718 | 703 | +15 | +2.1 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 58 | 52 | +6 | +10.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 660 | 650 | +10 | +1.5 |
Other services | 130 | 129 | +1 | +0.8 |
Government | 182 | 181 | +1 | +0.5 |
Federal | 19 | 16 | +3 | +15.8 |
State and local | 163 | 164 | -1 | -0.6 |
State and local education | 79 | 84 | -5 | -6.3 |
State and local, excluding education | 85 | 80 | +5 | +5.9 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 834 | 780 | +54 | +6.5 |
Northeast | 509 | 491 | +18 | +3.5 |
South | 1,541 | 1,505 | +36 | +2.3 |
West | 810 | 792 | +18 | +2.2 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 1,512 | 1,525 | -13 | -0.9 |
Total private | 1,430 | 1,433 | -3 | -0.2 |
Mining and logging | 5 | 4 | +1 | +20.0 |
Construction | 156 | 149 | +7 | +4.5 |
Manufacturing | 114 | 119 | -5 | -4.4 |
Durable goods | 59 | 65 | -6 | -10.2 |
Nondurable goods | 55 | 54 | +1 | +1.8 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 279 | 279 | +0 | +0.0 |
Wholesale trade | 48 | 41 | +7 | +14.6 |
Retail trade | 136 | 148 | -12 | -8.8 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 95 | 90 | +5 | +5.3 |
Information | 28 | 27 | +1 | +3.6 |
Financial activities | 61 | 63 | -2 | -3.3 |
Finance and insurance | 38 | 40 | -2 | -5.3 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 22 | 23 | -1 | -4.5 |
Professional and business services | 393 | 357 | +36 | +9.2 |
Education and health services | 125 | 130 | -5 | -4.0 |
Educational services | 22 | 29 | -7 | -31.8 |
Healthcare and social assistance | 102 | 102 | +0 | +0.0 |
Leisure and hospitality | 207 | 244 | -37 | -17.9 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 47 | 61 | -14 | -29.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 160 | 182 | -22 | -13.8 |
Other services | 61 | 61 | +0 | +0.0 |
Government | 83 | 92 | -9 | -10.8 |
Federal | 8 | 9 | -1 | -12.5 |
State and local | 75 | 83 | -8 | -10.7 |
State and local education | 40 | 42 | -2 | -5.0 |
State and local, excluding education | 35 | 41 | -6 | -17.1 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 340 | 349 | -9 | -2.6 |
Northeast | 248 | 263 | -15 | -6.0 |
South | 581 | 562 | +19 | +3.3 |
West | 344 | 351 | -7 | -2.0 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 333 | 343 | -10 | -3.0 |
Total private | 269 | 280 | -11 | -4.1 |
Mining and logging | 1 | 1 | +0 | +0.0 |
Construction | 10 | 10 | +0 | +0.0 |
Manufacturing | 22 | 21 | +1 | +4.5 |
Durable goods | 15 | 15 | +0 | +0.0 |
Nondurable goods | 7 | 6 | +1 | +14.3 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 57 | 53 | +4 | +7.0 |
Wholesale trade | 11 | 11 | +0 | +0.0 |
Retail trade | 35 | 35 | +0 | +0.0 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 11 | 7 | +4 | +36.4 |
Information | 4 | 4 | +0 | +0.0 |
Financial activities | 11 | 13 | -2 | -18.2 |
Finance and insurance | 11 | 13 | -2 | -18.2 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 1 | 1 | +0 | +0.0 |
Professional and business services | 80 | 89 | -9 | -11.3 |
Education and health services | 40 | 41 | -1 | -2.5 |
Educational services | 5 | 5 | +0 | +0.0 |
Healthcare and social assistance | 34 | 36 | -2 | -5.9 |
Leisure and hospitality | 33 | 35 | -2 | -6.1 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 2 | 2 | +0 | +0.0 |
Accommodation and food services | 31 | 33 | -2 | -6.5 |
Other services | 13 | 13 | +0 | +0.0 |
Government | 64 | 63 | +1 | +1.6 |
Federal | 12 | 11 | +1 | +8.3 |
State and local | 52 | 51 | +1 | +1.9 |
State and local education | 21 | 23 | -2 | -9.5 |
State and local, excluding education | 31 | 28 | +3 | +9.7 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 69 | 71 | -2 | -2.9 |
Northeast | 61 | 62 | -1 | -1.6 |
South | 129 | 129 | +0 | +0.0 |
West | 75 | 80 | -5 | -6.7 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 8,286 | 8,366 | -80 | -1.0 |
Total private | 7,447 | 7,492 | -45 | -0.6 |
Mining and logging | 24 | 31 | -7 | -29.2 |
Construction | 346 | 354 | -8 | -2.3 |
Manufacturing | 742 | 751 | -9 | -1.2 |
Durable goods | 385 | 393 | -8 | -2.1 |
Nondurable goods | 357 | 358 | -1 | -0.3 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 1,539 | 1,520 | +19 | +1.2 |
Wholesale trade | 233 | 256 | -23 | -9.9 |
Retail trade | 858 | 835 | +23 | +2.7 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 447 | 429 | +18 | +4.0 |
Information | 106 | 94 | +12 | +11.3 |
Financial activities | 320 | 334 | -14 | -4.4 |
Finance and insurance | 249 | 256 | -7 | -2.8 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 71 | 78 | -7 | -9.9 |
Professional and business services | 1,554 | 1,446 | +108 | +6.9 |
Education and health services | 1,427 | 1,434 | -7 | -0.5 |
Educational services | 118 | 141 | -23 | -19.5 |
Healthcare and social assistance | 1,308 | 1,293 | +15 | +1.1 |
Leisure and hospitality | 1,144 | 1,241 | -97 | -8.5 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 188 | 222 | -34 | -18.1 |
Accommodation and food services | 955 | 1,019 | -64 | -6.7 |
Other services | 246 | 288 | -42 | -17.1 |
Government | 839 | 874 | -35 | -4.2 |
Federal | 138 | 139 | -1 | -0.7 |
State and local | 701 | 735 | -34 | -4.9 |
State and local education | 267 | 270 | -3 | -1.1 |
State and local, excluding education | 434 | 465 | -31 | -7.1 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 1,795 | 1,806 | -11 | -0.6 |
Northeast | 1,463 | 1,519 | -56 | -3.8 |
South | 3,266 | 3,208 | +58 | +1.8 |
West | 1,762 | 1,833 | -71 | -4.0 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 5,632 | 5,617 | +15 | +0.3 |
Total private | 5,363 | 5,337 | +26 | +0.5 |
Mining and logging | 26 | 33 | -7 | -26.9 |
Construction | 422 | 425 | -3 | -0.7 |
Manufacturing | 417 | 419 | -2 | -0.5 |
Durable goods | 248 | 248 | +0 | +0.0 |
Nondurable goods | 169 | 172 | -3 | -1.8 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 1,114 | 1,064 | +50 | +4.5 |
Wholesale trade | 156 | 148 | +8 | +5.1 |
Retail trade | 743 | 710 | +33 | +4.4 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 215 | 206 | +9 | +4.2 |
Information | 89 | 89 | +0 | +0.0 |
Financial activities | 187 | 189 | -2 | -1.1 |
Finance and insurance | 122 | 119 | +3 | +2.5 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 65 | 69 | -4 | -6.2 |
Professional and business services | 1,139 | 1,076 | +63 | +5.5 |
Education and health services | 688 | 704 | -16 | -2.3 |
Educational services | 66 | 78 | -12 | -18.2 |
Healthcare and social assistance | 622 | 626 | -4 | -0.6 |
Leisure and hospitality | 1,094 | 1,145 | -51 | -4.7 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 143 | 164 | -21 | -14.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 951 | 980 | -29 | -3.0 |
Other services | 188 | 192 | -4 | -2.1 |
Government | 269 | 280 | -11 | -4.1 |
Federal | 33 | 32 | +1 | +3.0 |
State and local | 236 | 248 | -12 | -5.1 |
State and local education | 99 | 103 | -4 | -4.0 |
State and local, excluding education | 137 | 145 | -8 | -5.8 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 1,237 | 1,236 | +1 | +0.1 |
Northeast | 909 | 922 | -13 | -1.4 |
South | 2,215 | 2,152 | +63 | +2.8 |
West | 1,271 | 1,307 | -36 | -2.8 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 4,855 | 4,745 | +110 | +2.3 |
Total private | 4,618 | 4,521 | +97 | +2.1 |
Mining and logging | 14 | 13 | +1 | +7.1 |
Construction | 303 | 312 | -9 | -3.0 |
Manufacturing | 408 | 394 | +14 | +3.4 |
Durable goods | 238 | 228 | +10 | +4.2 |
Nondurable goods | 169 | 166 | +3 | +1.8 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 1,052 | 981 | +71 | +6.7 |
Wholesale trade | 151 | 134 | +17 | +11.3 |
Retail trade | 633 | 627 | +6 | +0.9 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 268 | 220 | +48 | +17.9 |
Information | 79 | 81 | -2 | -2.5 |
Financial activities | 176 | 171 | +5 | +2.8 |
Finance and insurance | 120 | 118 | +2 | +1.7 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 56 | 53 | +3 | +5.4 |
Professional and business services | 1,003 | 978 | +25 | +2.5 |
Education and health services | 623 | 617 | +6 | +1.0 |
Educational services | 47 | 41 | +6 | +12.8 |
Healthcare and social assistance | 576 | 576 | +0 | +0.0 |
Leisure and hospitality | 789 | 804 | -15 | -1.9 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 63 | 57 | +6 | +9.5 |
Accommodation and food services | 726 | 748 | -22 | -3.0 |
Other services | 173 | 170 | +3 | +1.7 |
Government | 237 | 224 | +13 | +5.5 |
Federal | 35 | 31 | +4 | +11.4 |
State and local | 202 | 193 | +9 | +4.5 |
State and local education | 71 | 67 | +4 | +5.6 |
State and local, excluding education | 131 | 126 | +5 | +3.8 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 1,079 | 1,042 | +37 | +3.4 |
Northeast | 650 | 662 | -12 | -1.8 |
South | 2,071 | 1,973 | +98 | +4.7 |
West | 1,055 | 1,067 | -12 | -1.1 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 3,325 | 3,296 | +29 | +0.9 |
Total private | 3,183 | 3,162 | +21 | +0.7 |
Mining and logging | 8 | 8 | +0 | +0.0 |
Construction | 168 | 181 | -13 | -7.7 |
Manufacturing | 274 | 262 | +12 | +4.4 |
Durable goods | 161 | 152 | +9 | +5.6 |
Nondurable goods | 113 | 110 | +3 | +2.7 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 789 | 748 | +41 | +5.2 |
Wholesale trade | 95 | 90 | +5 | +5.3 |
Retail trade | 507 | 505 | +2 | +0.4 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 186 | 153 | +33 | +17.7 |
Information | 52 | 53 | -1 | -1.9 |
Financial activities | 108 | 105 | +3 | +2.8 |
Finance and insurance | 70 | 69 | +1 | +1.4 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 38 | 36 | +2 | +5.3 |
Professional and business services | 566 | 567 | -1 | -0.2 |
Education and health services | 486 | 483 | +3 | +0.6 |
Educational services | 33 | 28 | +5 | +15.2 |
Healthcare and social assistance | 453 | 454 | -1 | -0.2 |
Leisure and hospitality | 611 | 627 | -16 | -2.6 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 41 | 38 | +3 | +7.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 571 | 589 | -18 | -3.2 |
Other services | 123 | 128 | -5 | -4.1 |
Government | 142 | 134 | +8 | +5.6 |
Federal | 18 | 15 | +3 | +16.7 |
State and local | 124 | 119 | +5 | +4.0 |
State and local education | 44 | 42 | +2 | +4.5 |
State and local, excluding education | 80 | 77 | +3 | +3.8 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 741 | 721 | +20 | +2.7 |
Northeast | 433 | 449 | -16 | -3.7 |
South | 1,452 | 1,401 | +51 | +3.5 |
West | 699 | 725 | -26 | -3.7 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 1,218 | 1,132 | +86 | +7.1 |
Total private | 1,175 | 1,090 | +85 | +7.2 |
Mining and logging | 5 | 4 | +1 | +20.0 |
Construction | 122 | 117 | +5 | +4.1 |
Manufacturing | 111 | 111 | +0 | +0.0 |
Durable goods | 62 | 62 | +0 | +0.0 |
Nondurable goods | 49 | 49 | +0 | +0.0 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 214 | 187 | +27 | +12.6 |
Wholesale trade | 45 | 33 | +12 | +26.7 |
Retail trade | 98 | 96 | +2 | +2.0 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 71 | 58 | +13 | +18.3 |
Information | 23 | 24 | -1 | -4.3 |
Financial activities | 57 | 55 | +2 | +3.5 |
Finance and insurance | 40 | 39 | +1 | +2.5 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 17 | 16 | +1 | +5.9 |
Professional and business services | 354 | 319 | +35 | +9.9 |
Education and health services | 101 | 98 | +3 | +3.0 |
Educational services | 11 | 10 | +1 | +9.1 |
Healthcare and social assistance | 90 | 88 | +2 | +2.2 |
Leisure and hospitality | 150 | 147 | +3 | +2.0 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 20 | 17 | +3 | +15.0 |
Accommodation and food services | 129 | 130 | -1 | -0.8 |
Other services | 37 | 28 | +9 | +24.3 |
Government | 44 | 41 | +3 | +6.8 |
Federal | 7 | 6 | +1 | +14.3 |
State and local | 36 | 35 | +1 | +2.8 |
State and local education | 16 | 14 | +2 | +12.5 |
State and local, excluding education | 20 | 21 | -1 | -5.0 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 273 | 257 | +16 | +5.9 |
Northeast | 162 | 160 | +2 | +1.2 |
South | 506 | 459 | +47 | +9.3 |
West | 277 | 256 | +21 | +7.6 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 311 | 317 | -6 | -1.9 |
Total private | 260 | 269 | -9 | -3.5 |
Mining and logging | 1 | 1 | +0 | +0.0 |
Construction | 13 | 13 | +0 | +0.0 |
Manufacturing | 22 | 21 | +1 | +4.5 |
Durable goods | 15 | 14 | +1 | +6.7 |
Nondurable goods | 8 | 7 | +1 | +12.5 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 50 | 46 | +4 | +8.0 |
Wholesale trade | 11 | 10 | +1 | +9.1 |
Retail trade | 28 | 27 | +1 | +3.6 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 11 | 8 | +3 | +27.3 |
Information | 4 | 5 | -1 | -25.0 |
Financial activities | 10 | 11 | -1 | -10.0 |
Finance and insurance | 10 | 10 | +0 | +0.0 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 1 | 1 | +0 | +0.0 |
Professional and business services | 83 | 92 | -9 | -10.8 |
Education and health services | 36 | 36 | +0 | +0.0 |
Educational services | 3 | 3 | +0 | +0.0 |
Healthcare and social assistance | 33 | 34 | -1 | -3.0 |
Leisure and hospitality | 28 | 30 | -2 | -7.1 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 2 | 1 | +1 | +50.0 |
Accommodation and food services | 27 | 29 | -2 | -7.4 |
Other services | 13 | 13 | +0 | +0.0 |
Government | 51 | 49 | +2 | +3.9 |
Federal | 10 | 9 | +1 | +10.0 |
State and local | 41 | 39 | +2 | +4.9 |
State and local education | 11 | 11 | +0 | +0.0 |
State and local, excluding education | 30 | 28 | +2 | +6.7 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 65 | 65 | +0 | +0.0 |
Northeast | 54 | 53 | +1 | +1.9 |
South | 114 | 114 | +0 | +0.0 |
West | 79 | 85 | -6 | -7.6 |
| Data element | Type | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Job openings | Percent | -1.2% | +2.1% | -0.9% | +0.2% | +1.7% | +3.2% | -4.5% | +4.3% | -1.1% | -2.1% | -1.0% |
| Level | -37 | +80 | -33 | +7 | +85 | +186 | -247 | +294 | -81 | -123 | -80 | |
Hires | Percent | +0.0% | +2.0% | +1.6% | -0.4% | +0.9% | -0.4% | -0.9% | +3.0% | +0.0% | +1.5% | +0.3% |
| Level | +1 | +83 | +64 | -18 | +44 | -20 | -46 | +161 | +0 | +72 | +15 | |
Total separations | Percent | +1.9% | +1.6% | +0.3% | +0.3% | -0.6% | -0.9% | -0.7% | +1.8% | +0.5% | +10.6% | +2.3% |
| Level | +62 | +56 | +12 | +12 | -28 | -38 | -30 | +85 | +26 | +1655 | +110 | |
Quits | Percent | +0.6% | +1.4% | -1.7% | -1.6% | -0.6% | -0.7% | +0.7% | -3.3% | +2.0% | +6.1% | +0.9% |
| Level | +11 | +27 | -32 | -36 | -15 | -19 | +19 | -99 | +63 | +159 | +29 | |
Layoffs and discharges | Percent | +3.9% | +4.1% | +3.2% | +3.1% | +1.2% | -1.5% | -0.7% | +13.5% | -0.7% | +11.8% | +7.1% |
| Level | +52 | +55 | +44 | +41 | +18 | -22 | -10 | +197 | -10 | +1497 | +86 | |
Other separations | Percent | -0.7% | -9.2% | +0.0% | +1.8% | -10.1% | +0.6% | -11.8% | -3.8% | -8.9% | -0.6% | -1.9% |
| Level | -2 | -26 | +0 | +6 | -32 | +2 | -38 | -13 | -27 | -2 | -6 | |
Table of figures
Tables
- Table 1. Percent and level differences (in thousands) between March 2021 benchmarks and estimates by data element for total nonfarm
- Table 2a. Revisions in job openings data January 2021 - December 2021, seasonally adjusted
- Table 2b. Revisions in hires data January 2021 - December 2021, seasonally adjusted
- Table 2c. Revisions in total separations data January 2021 - December 2021, seasonally adjusted
- Table 2d. Revisions in quits data January 2021 - December 2021, seasonally adjusted
- Table 2e. Revisions in layoffs and discharges data January 2021 - December 2021, seasonally adjusted
- Table 2f. Revisions in other separations data January 2021 - December 2021, seasonally adjusted
- Table 3a. Revisions to job openings by industry, March 2021, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 3b. Revisions to hires by industry, March 2021, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 3c. Revisions to total separations by industry, March 2021, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 3d. Revisions to quits by industry, March 2021, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 3e. Revisions to layoffs and discharges by industry, March 2021, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 3f. Revisions to other separations by industry, March 2021, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 4a. Revisions to job openings by industry, March 2021, not seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 4b. Revisions to hires by industry, March 2021, not seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 4c. Revisions to total separations by industry, March 2021, not seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 4d. Revisions to quits by industry, March 2021, not seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 4e. Revisions to layoffs and discharges by industry, March 2021, not seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 4f. Revisions to other separations by industry, March 2021, not seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 5. Percent and level differences (in thousands) between benchmarks and estimates by data element for total nonfarm March 2011 - March 2021, not seasonally adjusted
Last Modified Date: March 18, 2022