Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, June 4, 2024       USDL-24-1088
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                               JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2024

The number of job openings changed little at 8.1 million on the last business day of April, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, both the number of hires and total 
separations were little changed at 5.6 million and 5.4 million, respectively. Within separations, quits 
(3.5 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.5 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of 
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and 
by establishment size class. 
      
Job Openings

On the last business day of April, the number of job openings changed little at 8.1 million; this measure 
was down by 1.8 million over the year. The rate was little changed at 4.8 percent in April. Job openings 
decreased in health care and social assistance (-204,000) and in state and local government education 
(-59,000) but increased in private educational services (+50,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In April, the number of hires was little changed at 5.6 million. The rate held at 3.6 percent. Hires 
increased in durable goods manufacturing (+52,000), but decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation 
(-45,000) and in federal government (-8,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in April changed little at 5.4 million, and the rate was unchanged at 3.4 
percent. Over the month, the number of total separations increased in durable goods manufacturing 
(+49,000). (See table 3.)

In April, the number of quits was little changed at 3.5 million, and the rate was 2.2 percent for the sixth 
month in a row. The number of quits decreased in professional and business services (-131,000), but 
increased in other services (+67,000), durable goods manufacturing (+39,000), and state and local 
government education (+32,000). (See table 4.)

In April, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.5 million, and the rate held at 1.0 
percent. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation (-37,000). 
(See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in April at 349,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In April, for establishments with 1 to 9 employees, the job openings rate, hires rate, and total separations 
rate changed little. For establishments with 5,000 or more employees, the hires rate increased while the 
job openings rate and total separations rate changed little. (See table 7.)

March 2024 Revisions

The number of job openings for March was revised down by 133,000 to 8.4 million, the number of hires 
was revised up by 117,000 to 5.6 million, and the number of total separations was revised up by 130,000 
to 5.3 million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 80,000 to 3.4 million and the 
number of layoffs and discharges was revised up by 75,000 to 1.6 million. (Monthly revisions result 
from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published 
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for May 2024 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, July 2, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	9,904	8,355	8,059	5,951	5,617	5,640	5,569	5,330	5,372
Total private	8,864	7,397	7,174	5,567	5,232	5,272	5,217	5,000	5,011
Mining and logging	35	30	27	23	20	17	20	21	20
Construction	363	346	338	364	374	353	367	352	361
Manufacturing	647	546	516	389	319	387	391	332	385
Durable goods	388	355	340	209	182	234	198	185	234
Nondurable goods	259	191	175	180	137	153	193	147	152
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,678	1,039	1,054	1,220	1,032	1,124	1,198	999	1,036
Wholesale trade	284	197	189	177	134	165	178	130	152
Retail trade	860	507	528	721	654	672	718	636	624
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	534	335	337	322	244	287	303	232	260
Information	151	152	109	81	86	75	72	77	69
Financial activities	500	494	492	215	194	198	190	184	198
Finance and insurance	399	321	336	139	115	124	123	117	124
Real estate and rental and leasing	100	173	155	76	79	74	67	67	74
Professional and business services	1,767	1,390	1,512	1,190	1,113	1,049	1,040	1,097	957
Private education and health services	1,954	1,908	1,754	825	876	902	747	772	831
Private educational services	151	163	213	95	91	92	77	92	85
Health care and social assistance	1,803	1,745	1,541	730	786	810	670	680	746
Leisure and hospitality	1,377	1,193	1,084	1,060	1,038	964	1,001	1,018	959
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	211	159	147	165	193	148	146	183	155
Accommodation and food services	1,166	1,034	937	894	845	815	855	834	804
Other services	392	299	289	199	180	204	190	150	194
Government	1,040	957	885	384	385	369	351	330	361
Federal	152	144	139	45	44	36	38	35	35
State and local	888	813	746	339	341	332	313	295	326
State and local education	311	325	266	170	167	179	157	154	173
State and local, excluding education	577	487	480	169	174	154	156	141	153
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	6.0	5.0	4.8	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.4
Total private	6.3	5.2	5.0	4.2	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.7
Mining and logging	5.2	4.5	4.0	3.7	3.1	2.6	3.2	3.2	3.1
Construction	4.4	4.0	3.9	4.6	4.6	4.3	4.6	4.3	4.4
Manufacturing	4.8	4.0	3.8	3.0	2.5	3.0	3.0	2.6	3.0
Durable goods	4.6	4.2	4.0	2.6	2.2	2.9	2.4	2.3	2.9
Nondurable goods	5.1	3.8	3.5	3.7	2.9	3.2	4.0	3.0	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	5.5	3.5	3.5	4.2	3.6	3.9	4.2	3.4	3.6
Wholesale trade	4.4	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.2	2.7	2.9	2.1	2.5
Retail trade	5.2	3.1	3.3	4.6	4.2	4.3	4.6	4.1	4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	6.9	4.5	4.5	4.5	3.4	4.0	4.2	3.3	3.6
Information	4.7	4.8	3.5	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.3
Financial activities	5.2	5.1	5.1	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.1
Finance and insurance	5.6	4.6	4.8	2.1	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	3.9	6.5	5.8	3.1	3.2	3.0	2.7	2.7	2.9
Professional and business services	7.2	5.7	6.2	5.2	4.9	4.6	4.6	4.8	4.2
Private education and health services	7.2	6.8	6.3	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.0	3.0	3.2
Private educational services	3.8	4.1	5.2	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.0	2.4	2.2
Health care and social assistance	7.8	7.3	6.5	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.1	3.1	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	7.7	6.6	6.0	6.4	6.1	5.7	6.1	6.0	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	7.8	5.7	5.3	6.6	7.3	5.6	5.9	6.9	5.9
Accommodation and food services	7.7	6.8	6.2	6.4	5.9	5.7	6.1	5.9	5.6
Other services	6.3	4.8	4.7	3.4	3.1	3.5	3.3	2.5	3.3
Government	4.4	4.0	3.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.5
Federal	5.0	4.6	4.4	1.5	1.5	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2
State and local	4.3	3.9	3.5	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6
State and local education	2.9	2.9	2.4	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.6
State and local, excluding education	5.9	4.9	4.8	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)
Total	9,904	8,748	8,813	8,355	8,059	-296	6.0	5.3	5.3	5.0	4.8	-0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,864	7,903	7,894	7,397	7,174	-223	6.3	5.6	5.5	5.2	5.0	-0.2
Mining and logging	35	29	33	30	27	-3	5.2	4.4	4.9	4.5	4.0	-0.5
Construction	363	425	456	346	338	-8	4.4	5.0	5.3	4.0	3.9	-0.1
Manufacturing	647	596	587	546	516	-30	4.8	4.4	4.3	4.0	3.8	-0.2
Durable goods	388	348	379	355	340	-15	4.6	4.1	4.5	4.2	4.0	-0.2
Nondurable goods	259	248	208	191	175	-16	5.1	4.9	4.1	3.8	3.5	-0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,678	1,047	1,072	1,039	1,054	15	5.5	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5	0.0
Wholesale trade	284	207	166	197	189	-8	4.4	3.3	2.6	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Retail trade	860	546	604	507	528	21	5.2	3.4	3.7	3.1	3.3	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	534	293	301	335	337	2	6.9	4.0	4.1	4.5	4.5	0.0
Information	151	202	126	152	109	-43	4.7	6.3	4.0	4.8	3.5	-1.3
Financial activities	500	540	677	494	492	-2	5.2	5.5	6.8	5.1	5.1	0.0
Finance and insurance	399	365	515	321	336	15	5.6	5.1	7.1	4.6	4.8	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	100	175	162	173	155	-18	3.9	6.5	6.1	6.5	5.8	-0.7
Professional and business services	1,767	1,570	1,526	1,390	1,512	122	7.2	6.4	6.2	5.7	6.2	0.5
Private education and health services	1,954	2,049	1,952	1,908	1,754	-154	7.2	7.3	7.0	6.8	6.3	-0.5
Private educational services	151	146	141	163	213	50	3.8	3.6	3.5	4.1	5.2	1.1
Health care and social assistance	1,803	1,904	1,811	1,745	1,541	-204	7.8	7.9	7.6	7.3	6.5	-0.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,377	1,123	1,143	1,193	1,084	-109	7.7	6.3	6.4	6.6	6.0	-0.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	211	168	168	159	147	-12	7.8	6.0	6.0	5.7	5.3	-0.4
Accommodation and food services	1,166	955	975	1,034	937	-97	7.7	6.3	6.4	6.8	6.2	-0.6
Other services	392	321	322	299	289	-10	6.3	5.2	5.2	4.8	4.7	-0.1
Government	1,040	846	919	957	885	-72	4.4	3.5	3.8	4.0	3.7	-0.3
Federal	152	149	150	144	139	-5	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.6	4.4	-0.2
State and local	888	697	769	813	746	-67	4.3	3.3	3.7	3.9	3.5	-0.4
State and local education	311	261	255	325	266	-59	2.9	2.4	2.3	2.9	2.4	-0.5
State and local, excluding education	577	436	515	487	480	-7	5.9	4.4	5.1	4.9	4.8	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,583	1,528	1,514	1,512	1,415	-97	5.4	5.2	5.1	5.1	4.8	-0.3
South	3,879	3,492	3,448	3,313	3,406	93	6.2	5.6	5.5	5.3	5.4	0.1
Midwest	2,078	1,921	1,920	1,826	1,602	-224	5.9	5.4	5.4	5.2	4.5	-0.7
West	2,365	1,807	1,931	1,703	1,636	-67	6.1	4.7	5.0	4.4	4.2	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)
Total	5,951	5,698	5,781	5,617	5,640	23	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,567	5,309	5,382	5,232	5,272	40	4.2	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	0.0
Mining and logging	23	24	20	20	17	-3	3.7	3.8	3.2	3.1	2.6	-0.5
Construction	364	390	400	374	353	-21	4.6	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.3	-0.3
Manufacturing	389	383	324	319	387	68	3.0	3.0	2.5	2.5	3.0	0.5
Durable goods	209	220	176	182	234	52	2.6	2.7	2.2	2.2	2.9	0.7
Nondurable goods	180	163	148	137	153	16	3.7	3.4	3.1	2.9	3.2	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,220	1,007	1,130	1,032	1,124	92	4.2	3.5	3.9	3.6	3.9	0.3
Wholesale trade	177	158	163	134	165	31	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.2	2.7	0.5
Retail trade	721	602	676	654	672	18	4.6	3.9	4.3	4.2	4.3	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	322	247	292	244	287	43	4.5	3.5	4.1	3.4	4.0	0.6
Information	81	81	89	86	75	-11	2.7	2.7	3.0	2.9	2.5	-0.4
Financial activities	215	207	193	194	198	4	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.1	0.0
Finance and insurance	139	130	115	115	124	9	2.1	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.8	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	76	77	79	79	74	-5	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Professional and business services	1,190	1,088	1,092	1,113	1,049	-64	5.2	4.7	4.8	4.9	4.6	-0.3
Private education and health services	825	862	860	876	902	26	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.4	0.0
Private educational services	95	88	82	91	92	1	2.5	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.4	0.1
Health care and social assistance	730	773	778	786	810	24	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.6	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,060	1,053	1,060	1,038	964	-74	6.4	6.3	6.3	6.1	5.7	-0.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	165	183	207	193	148	-45	6.6	7.0	7.9	7.3	5.6	-1.7
Accommodation and food services	894	870	852	845	815	-30	6.4	6.1	6.0	5.9	5.7	-0.2
Other services	199	214	214	180	204	24	3.4	3.6	3.6	3.1	3.5	0.4
Government	384	390	399	385	369	-16	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	-0.1
Federal	45	44	45	44	36	-8	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.2	-0.3
State and local	339	345	354	341	332	-9	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.6	-0.1
State and local education	170	166	160	167	179	12	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.7	0.1
State and local, excluding education	169	180	194	174	154	-20	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.6	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	943	895	848	890	792	-98	3.4	3.2	3.0	3.2	2.8	-0.4
South	2,551	2,398	2,574	2,303	2,389	86	4.4	4.1	4.3	3.9	4.0	0.1
Midwest	1,249	1,177	1,137	1,160	1,187	27	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5	0.1
West	1,207	1,229	1,222	1,265	1,272	7	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.4	0.0
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)
Total	5,569	5,449	5,539	5,330	5,372	42	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.4	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,217	5,124	5,203	5,000	5,011	11	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.7	0.0
Mining and logging	20	23	18	21	20	-1	3.2	3.5	2.9	3.2	3.1	-0.1
Construction	367	353	370	352	361	9	4.6	4.3	4.5	4.3	4.4	0.1
Manufacturing	391	368	338	332	385	53	3.0	2.8	2.6	2.6	3.0	0.4
Durable goods	198	210	183	185	234	49	2.4	2.6	2.2	2.3	2.9	0.6
Nondurable goods	193	158	155	147	152	5	4.0	3.3	3.2	3.0	3.1	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,198	1,052	1,097	999	1,036	37	4.2	3.6	3.8	3.4	3.6	0.2
Wholesale trade	178	164	156	130	152	22	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.1	2.5	0.4
Retail trade	718	567	677	636	624	-12	4.6	3.6	4.3	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	303	321	264	232	260	28	4.2	4.5	3.7	3.3	3.6	0.3
Information	72	76	85	77	69	-8	2.4	2.5	2.8	2.5	2.3	-0.2
Financial activities	190	193	200	184	198	14	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1	0.1
Finance and insurance	123	125	122	117	124	7	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.8	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	67	68	78	67	74	7	2.7	2.7	3.1	2.7	2.9	0.2
Professional and business services	1,040	1,102	1,073	1,097	957	-140	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.2	-0.6
Private education and health services	747	741	762	772	831	59	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.2	0.2
Private educational services	77	82	69	92	85	-7	2.0	2.1	1.8	2.4	2.2	-0.2
Health care and social assistance	670	659	693	680	746	66	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,001	1,002	1,059	1,018	959	-59	6.1	6.0	6.3	6.0	5.7	-0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	146	151	211	183	155	-28	5.9	5.8	8.0	6.9	5.9	-1.0
Accommodation and food services	855	851	848	834	804	-30	6.1	6.0	6.0	5.9	5.6	-0.3
Other services	190	215	202	150	194	44	3.3	3.7	3.4	2.5	3.3	0.8
Government	351	325	336	330	361	31	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5	0.1
Federal	38	33	33	35	35	0	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	0.0
State and local	313	292	303	295	326	31	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6	0.1
State and local education	157	145	143	154	173	19	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.6	0.2
State and local, excluding education	156	148	160	141	153	12	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	800	831	841	880	835	-45	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0	-0.1
South	2,276	2,248	2,294	2,119	2,132	13	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.6	0.0
Midwest	1,241	1,137	1,154	1,188	1,152	-36	3.8	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.4	-0.1
West	1,251	1,233	1,250	1,143	1,253	110	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.4	0.3
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)
Total	3,611	3,446	3,527	3,409	3,507	98	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,417	3,251	3,330	3,231	3,291	60	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	0.0
Mining and logging	11	13	12	12	13	1	1.7	2.1	1.8	1.9	2.1	0.2
Construction	155	151	152	156	198	42	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.4	0.5
Manufacturing	246	229	201	186	225	39	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.7	0.3
Durable goods	123	134	109	98	137	39	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.7	0.5
Nondurable goods	123	95	92	87	88	1	2.5	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.8	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	816	657	733	663	677	14	2.8	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.3	0.0
Wholesale trade	114	92	96	84	94	10	1.9	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.5	0.1
Retail trade	510	379	481	440	439	-1	3.3	2.4	3.1	2.8	2.8	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	192	186	156	138	144	6	2.7	2.6	2.2	1.9	2.0	0.1
Information	38	53	50	40	36	-4	1.3	1.7	1.7	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Financial activities	135	121	132	115	101	-14	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Finance and insurance	86	86	86	81	64	-17	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.2	0.9	-0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	49	36	46	33	38	5	2.0	1.4	1.8	1.3	1.5	0.2
Professional and business services	575	569	617	691	560	-131	2.5	2.5	2.7	3.0	2.4	-0.6
Private education and health services	542	523	554	563	607	44	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.3	0.1
Private educational services	54	58	53	55	50	-5	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	488	465	501	509	557	48	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.5	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	778	790	736	721	722	1	4.7	4.7	4.4	4.3	4.3	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	80	66	76	78	86	8	3.2	2.5	2.9	2.9	3.2	0.3
Accommodation and food services	697	724	659	643	637	-6	5.0	5.1	4.6	4.5	4.5	0.0
Other services	121	145	143	84	151	67	2.1	2.5	2.4	1.4	2.6	1.2
Government	194	195	197	178	216	38	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.1
Federal	17	16	15	15	16	1	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.0
State and local	176	179	182	163	200	37	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.2
State and local education	100	91	92	79	111	32	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.3
State and local, excluding education	76	88	89	83	89	6	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	501	481	477	536	498	-38	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.8	-0.1
South	1,555	1,501	1,522	1,460	1,488	28	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5	0.0
Midwest	745	680	716	735	778	43	2.3	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.3	0.1
West	810	783	811	678	743	65	2.2	2.1	2.2	1.8	2.0	0.2
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)
Total	1,636	1,596	1,681	1,601	1,515	-86	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,537	1,527	1,592	1,511	1,432	-79	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.0
Mining and logging	7	8	6	7	5	-2	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.8	-0.3
Construction	200	187	208	178	154	-24	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.2	1.9	-0.3
Manufacturing	120	118	117	124	136	12	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.1
Durable goods	63	64	62	73	83	10	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.1
Nondurable goods	58	54	55	50	53	3	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	336	288	286	268	288	20	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.1
Wholesale trade	61	44	50	42	49	7	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.1
Retail trade	180	136	139	151	138	-13	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	94	108	97	76	101	25	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.1	1.4	0.3
Information	24	17	27	34	27	-7	0.8	0.6	0.9	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Financial activities	45	65	46	51	69	18	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.2
Finance and insurance	28	34	24	25	40	15	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	17	30	22	26	28	2	0.7	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.1
Professional and business services	385	461	398	358	329	-29	1.7	2.0	1.7	1.6	1.4	-0.2
Private education and health services	157	154	162	172	181	9	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.0
Private educational services	20	21	10	32	31	-1	0.5	0.6	0.3	0.8	0.8	0.0
Health care and social assistance	137	133	151	140	150	10	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	207	183	301	269	211	-58	1.3	1.1	1.8	1.6	1.2	-0.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	63	83	132	104	67	-37	2.5	3.2	5.0	3.9	2.5	-1.4
Accommodation and food services	144	99	169	165	144	-21	1.0	0.7	1.2	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Other services	57	46	41	51	32	-19	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.5	-0.4
Government	99	69	88	91	83	-8	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
Federal	7	6	6	7	7	0	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local	91	64	82	84	76	-8	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local education	39	33	35	54	39	-15	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.4	-0.1
State and local, excluding education	52	31	47	30	38	8	0.6	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	251	296	290	284	276	-8	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
South	589	610	672	539	519	-20	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.0
Midwest	428	309	360	384	303	-81	1.3	0.9	1.1	1.1	0.9	-0.2
West	369	381	359	394	417	23	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)
Total	322	407	332	320	349	29	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	263	346	281	258	288	30	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	2	1	1	1	1	0	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Construction	13	14	10	19	9	-10	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Manufacturing	25	21	20	22	24	2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Durable goods	12	12	12	13	13	0	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Nondurable goods	12	9	8	9	11	2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	47	107	78	67	72	5	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
Wholesale trade	3	28	10	4	9	5	0.1	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Retail trade	28	51	57	45	47	2	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	16	28	10	18	15	-3	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Information	10	6	8	3	5	2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1
Financial activities	10	7	22	19	28	9	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Finance and insurance	9	5	11	11	20	9	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	2	11	8	8	0	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.0
Professional and business services	81	72	58	48	68	20	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1
Private education and health services	48	64	46	37	43	6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Private educational services	3	3	6	5	3	-2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Health care and social assistance	45	61	40	31	40	9	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	16	30	23	28	26	-2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	2	3	2	3	1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Accommodation and food services	14	28	20	26	24	-2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Other services	12	25	18	15	12	-3	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
Government	59	61	51	61	61	0	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0
Federal	13	11	12	12	12	0	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local	46	49	39	49	49	0	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local education	18	21	15	21	23	2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local, excluding education	28	29	24	28	26	-2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	48	54	74	60	61	1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
South	133	137	100	120	125	5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Midwest	69	147	77	69	71	2	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
West	72	69	80	71	92	21	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Change from: Mar. 2024 - Apr. 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	8,864	7,903	7,894	7,397	7,174	-223	6.3	5.6	5.5	5.2	5.0	-0.2
1 to 9 employees	1,652	1,898	1,828	1,516	1,717	201	7.1	8.1	7.9	6.7	7.2	0.5
10 to 49 employees	2,601	2,173	2,035	2,144	2,182	38	5.6	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.6	-0.3
50 to 249 employees	2,521	2,015	2,241	2,002	1,773	-229	6.0	5.0	5.3	4.9	4.4	-0.5
250 to 999 employees	1,215	1,024	983	920	840	-80	6.7	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.6	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	590	545	551	562	425	-137	7.4	5.8	5.7	6.0	5.4	-0.6
5,000 or more employees	285	248	258	253	236	-17	7.0	5.0	4.9	5.0	5.1	0.1
HIRES
Total private	5,567	5,309	5,382	5,232	5,272	40	4.2	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	0.0
1 to 9 employees	811	821	810	886	804	-82	3.8	3.8	3.8	4.2	3.6	-0.6
10 to 49 employees	1,823	1,672	1,781	1,741	1,844	103	4.1	4.1	4.5	4.2	4.1	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,763	1,660	1,664	1,539	1,530	-9	4.5	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.0	0.0
250 to 999 employees	781	750	714	669	687	18	4.6	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.9	0.5
1,000 to 4,999 employees	311	324	331	319	313	-6	4.2	3.7	3.6	3.6	4.2	0.6
5,000 or more employees	78	82	81	79	95	16	2.1	1.7	1.6	1.6	2.2	0.6
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,217	5,124	5,203	5,000	5,011	11	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.7	0.0
1 to 9 employees	803	789	735	737	693	-44	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.1	-0.4
10 to 49 employees	1,724	1,672	1,691	1,742	1,729	-13	3.9	4.1	4.3	4.2	3.8	-0.4
50 to 249 employees	1,643	1,580	1,738	1,528	1,570	42	4.2	4.2	4.4	3.9	4.1	0.2
250 to 999 employees	731	754	689	650	680	30	4.3	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.9	0.5
1,000 to 4,999 employees	259	263	280	271	264	-7	3.5	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.6	0.5
5,000 or more employees	57	66	70	72	75	3	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.7	0.2
QUITS
Total private	3,417	3,251	3,330	3,231	3,291	60	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	0.0
1 to 9 employees	445	508	477	485	478	-7	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.2	-0.1
10 to 49 employees	1,204	1,114	1,157	1,172	1,209	37	2.7	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.7	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,137	991	1,077	993	1,010	17	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.6	0.0
250 to 999 employees	433	440	417	391	397	6	2.6	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.3	0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	163	157	161	148	150	2	2.2	1.8	1.8	1.7	2.0	0.3
5,000 or more employees	35	41	41	42	46	4	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.1	0.2
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,537	1,527	1,592	1,511	1,432	-79	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.0
1 to 9 employees	272	226	209	214	160	-54	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.7	-0.3
10 to 49 employees	427	397	444	493	409	-84	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.9	-0.3
50 to 249 employees	471	523	588	450	492	42	1.2	1.4	1.5	1.2	1.3	0.1
250 to 999 employees	274	279	234	231	253	22	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.4	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	78	85	99	103	99	-4	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.3	0.1
5,000 or more employees	15	17	18	18	19	1	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.0
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	263	346	281	258	288	30	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	86	55	49	37	56	19	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
10 to 49 employees	94	160	89	77	110	33	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
50 to 249 employees	35	67	73	85	68	-17	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	24	35	39	28	30	2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	18	21	20	19	15	-4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
5,000 or more employees	8	9	11	11	10	-1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
Total	10,607	8,197	8,595	6.4	5.0	5.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	9,562	7,232	7,714	6.7	5.1	5.4
Mining and logging	37	33	27	5.5	5.0	4.1
Construction	396	338	351	4.8	4.1	4.1
Manufacturing	649	549	510	4.8	4.1	3.8
Durable goods	381	357	332	4.5	4.2	3.9
Nondurable goods	268	192	179	5.3	3.9	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,755	964	1,106	5.8	3.2	3.7
Wholesale trade	310	195	204	4.9	3.1	3.2
Retail trade	895	435	557	5.5	2.7	3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	550	334	345	7.2	4.5	4.7
Information	164	156	116	5.1	4.9	3.7
Financial activities	551	448	533	5.7	4.7	5.5
Finance and insurance	438	293	365	6.1	4.2	5.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	113	155	168	4.4	5.9	6.4
Professional and business services	1,859	1,360	1,589	7.6	5.6	6.5
Private education and health services	2,128	1,816	1,896	7.8	6.5	6.7
Private educational services	154	157	220	3.7	3.8	5.2
Health care and social assistance	1,974	1,659	1,676	8.5	7.0	7.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,593	1,282	1,265	8.9	7.2	7.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	285	230	183	10.5	8.5	6.6
Accommodation and food services	1,309	1,052	1,082	8.6	7.0	7.1
Other services	430	285	320	6.9	4.6	5.2
Government	1,046	965	881	4.4	3.9	3.6
Federal	171	158	151	5.6	5.0	4.8
State and local	874	807	730	4.2	3.8	3.4
State and local education	296	309	250	2.6	2.7	2.2
State and local, excluding education	579	498	480	5.9	5.0	4.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,642	1,518	1,420	5.6	5.1	4.8
South	4,164	3,219	3,679	6.7	5.2	5.8
Midwest	2,340	1,822	1,780	6.6	5.2	5.0
West	2,460	1,637	1,715	6.3	4.3	4.4
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
Total	6,216	5,095	5,897	4.0	3.2	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,918	4,810	5,621	4.5	3.6	4.2
Mining and logging	26	22	18	4.1	3.4	2.9
Construction	464	402	434	5.9	5.0	5.3
Manufacturing	390	291	389	3.0	2.3	3.0
Durable goods	208	174	233	2.6	2.1	2.9
Nondurable goods	182	117	155	3.8	2.4	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,150	885	1,084	4.0	3.1	3.8
Wholesale trade	199	127	192	3.3	2.1	3.1
Retail trade	696	595	662	4.5	3.8	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	255	163	230	3.6	2.3	3.3
Information	77	81	69	2.5	2.7	2.3
Financial activities	254	157	237	2.8	1.7	2.6
Finance and insurance	159	94	149	2.4	1.4	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	95	63	88	3.9	2.6	3.6
Professional and business services	1,272	1,081	1,118	5.6	4.8	4.9
Private education and health services	835	735	947	3.3	2.8	3.6
Private educational services	70	57	66	1.8	1.4	1.7
Health care and social assistance	765	678	881	3.6	3.1	4.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,235	1,013	1,108	7.5	6.1	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	243	201	219	10.0	8.1	8.5
Accommodation and food services	992	812	890	7.1	5.8	6.3
Other services	215	143	216	3.7	2.5	3.7
Government	298	285	275	1.3	1.2	1.2
Federal	44	38	33	1.5	1.3	1.1
State and local	255	246	242	1.3	1.2	1.2
State and local education	85	97	89	0.8	0.9	0.8
State and local, excluding education	170	149	153	1.9	1.6	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,071	834	886	3.9	3.0	3.1
South	2,612	2,095	2,440	4.5	3.6	4.1
Midwest	1,283	1,054	1,223	3.9	3.2	3.6
West	1,250	1,113	1,347	3.4	3.0	3.6
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
Total	5,563	4,656	5,303	3.6	3.0	3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,310	4,418	5,038	4.0	3.3	3.7
Mining and logging	20	19	19	3.1	2.9	3.1
Construction	336	297	324	4.3	3.7	4.0
Manufacturing	425	335	424	3.3	2.6	3.3
Durable goods	220	193	264	2.7	2.4	3.2
Nondurable goods	206	141	160	4.3	3.0	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,207	850	1,049	4.2	3.0	3.6
Wholesale trade	208	116	191	3.4	1.9	3.1
Retail trade	717	533	628	4.6	3.4	4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	282	201	229	4.0	2.8	3.2
Information	81	72	74	2.7	2.4	2.5
Financial activities	207	150	217	2.3	1.6	2.4
Finance and insurance	138	98	141	2.1	1.5	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	69	52	76	2.8	2.1	3.1
Professional and business services	1,144	1,019	1,020	5.0	4.5	4.5
Private education and health services	747	692	832	3.0	2.6	3.2
Private educational services	61	60	66	1.6	1.5	1.6
Health care and social assistance	685	633	766	3.2	2.9	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	952	847	891	5.8	5.1	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	109	115	120	4.5	4.6	4.7
Accommodation and food services	843	733	771	6.1	5.2	5.4
Other services	191	137	187	3.3	2.3	3.2
Government	253	239	265	1.1	1.0	1.1
Federal	34	29	31	1.2	1.0	1.1
State and local	219	210	234	1.1	1.0	1.1
State and local education	94	90	103	0.9	0.8	0.9
State and local, excluding education	125	119	130	1.4	1.3	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	789	719	811	2.9	2.6	2.9
South	2,316	1,946	2,118	4.0	3.3	3.6
Midwest	1,180	1,023	1,086	3.6	3.1	3.2
West	1,278	968	1,288	3.5	2.6	3.5
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
Total	3,727	3,055	3,587	2.4	1.9	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,582	2,915	3,421	2.7	2.2	2.5
Mining and logging	12	10	14	1.8	1.6	2.2
Construction	152	132	197	1.9	1.6	2.4
Manufacturing	267	188	249	2.1	1.5	1.9
Durable goods	138	103	159	1.7	1.3	2.0
Nondurable goods	129	85	90	2.7	1.8	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	866	590	727	3.0	2.1	2.5
Wholesale trade	143	79	128	2.4	1.3	2.1
Retail trade	518	374	450	3.4	2.4	2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	206	137	150	2.9	1.9	2.1
Information	41	33	37	1.3	1.1	1.2
Financial activities	161	96	123	1.8	1.0	1.3
Finance and insurance	106	72	81	1.6	1.1	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	55	24	42	2.3	1.0	1.7
Professional and business services	663	647	625	2.9	2.8	2.7
Private education and health services	540	524	607	2.1	2.0	2.3
Private educational services	46	39	41	1.2	1.0	1.0
Health care and social assistance	494	485	566	2.3	2.2	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	758	607	692	4.6	3.7	4.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	60	52	68	2.4	2.1	2.6
Accommodation and food services	699	555	624	5.0	4.0	4.4
Other services	122	88	150	2.1	1.5	2.6
Government	145	141	166	0.6	0.6	0.7
Federal	16	13	15	0.6	0.5	0.5
State and local	129	127	151	0.6	0.6	0.7
State and local education	61	51	68	0.6	0.5	0.6
State and local, excluding education	68	76	82	0.7	0.8	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	526	456	516	1.9	1.6	1.8
South	1,638	1,354	1,538	2.8	2.3	2.6
Midwest	730	633	765	2.2	1.9	2.3
West	834	612	769	2.3	1.7	2.1
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
Total	1,533	1,322	1,384	1.0	0.8	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,471	1,272	1,331	1.1	1.0	1.0
Mining and logging	6	7	4	1.0	1.1	0.7
Construction	170	144	119	2.2	1.8	1.5
Manufacturing	133	127	149	1.0	1.0	1.2
Durable goods	69	78	91	0.9	1.0	1.1
Nondurable goods	64	49	58	1.3	1.0	1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	297	194	254	1.0	0.7	0.9
Wholesale trade	62	32	55	1.0	0.5	0.9
Retail trade	175	116	135	1.1	0.7	0.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	60	45	64	0.8	0.6	0.9
Information	28	36	32	0.9	1.2	1.1
Financial activities	41	45	67	0.4	0.5	0.7
Finance and insurance	28	23	41	0.4	0.3	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	13	22	26	0.5	0.9	1.0
Professional and business services	403	331	325	1.8	1.5	1.4
Private education and health services	154	140	178	0.6	0.5	0.7
Private educational services	13	18	23	0.3	0.5	0.6
Health care and social assistance	141	121	155	0.7	0.5	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	181	215	176	1.1	1.3	1.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	48	61	50	2.0	2.4	2.0
Accommodation and food services	133	154	126	1.0	1.1	0.9
Other services	57	34	27	1.0	0.6	0.5
Government	61	49	53	0.3	0.2	0.2
Federal	6	5	5	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local	55	44	48	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local education	22	28	22	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local, excluding education	33	16	26	0.4	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	218	216	245	0.8	0.8	0.9
South	558	493	462	1.0	0.8	0.8
Midwest	384	322	252	1.2	1.0	0.8
West	373	290	425	1.0	0.8	1.1
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
Total	303	279	332	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	257	231	286	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	1	1	0.3	0.2	0.2
Construction	14	21	8	0.2	0.3	0.1
Manufacturing	25	20	26	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	13	12	14	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	12	8	12	0.3	0.2	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	44	66	68	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	3	4	8	0.0	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	25	43	44	0.2	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	16	18	16	0.2	0.3	0.2
Information	11	2	5	0.4	0.1	0.2
Financial activities	5	9	27	0.1	0.1	0.3
Finance and insurance	5	3	19	0.1	0.0	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	6	8	0.0	0.2	0.3
Professional and business services	78	42	69	0.3	0.2	0.3
Private education and health services	52	29	48	0.2	0.1	0.2
Private educational services	2	3	2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	50	26	46	0.2	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	13	26	22	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	2	2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	12	24	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other services	11	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Government	47	49	46	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	12	10	11	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	34	38	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	10	11	13	0.1	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	24	28	22	0.3	0.3	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	46	47	51	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	121	99	118	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	65	68	69	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	71	65	94	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)	Apr. 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	9,562	7,232	7,714	6.7	5.1	5.4
1 to 9 employees	1,899	1,403	1,932	8.2	6.3	8.1
10 to 49 employees	2,882	2,054	2,427	6.2	4.7	5.1
50 to 249 employees	2,718	2,005	1,892	6.5	4.9	4.7
250 to 999 employees	1,228	930	839	6.8	4.6	4.6
1,000 to 4,999 employees	562	579	403	7.1	6.2	5.2
5,000 or more employees	274	260	221	6.8	5.1	4.8
HIRES
Total private	5,918	4,810	5,621	4.5	3.6	4.2
1 to 9 employees	1,028	795	991	4.8	3.8	4.5
10 to 49 employees	2,080	1,604	2,169	4.7	3.9	4.8
50 to 249 employees	1,783	1,470	1,518	4.6	3.8	4.0
250 to 999 employees	715	595	616	4.2	3.1	3.5
1,000 to 4,999 employees	253	280	253	3.5	3.2	3.4
5,000 or more employees	58	66	75	1.5	1.4	1.7
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,310	4,418	5,038	4.0	3.3	3.7
1 to 9 employees	847	637	710	4.0	3.1	3.2
10 to 49 employees	1,869	1,448	1,880	4.3	3.5	4.2
50 to 249 employees	1,620	1,413	1,531	4.1	3.7	4.0
250 to 999 employees	699	602	631	4.1	3.1	3.6
1,000 to 4,999 employees	227	252	221	3.1	2.9	3.0
5,000 or more employees	49	65	65	1.3	1.4	1.5
QUITS
Total private	3,582	2,915	3,421	2.7	2.2	2.5
1 to 9 employees	470	428	492	2.2	2.1	2.2
10 to 49 employees	1,370	992	1,387	3.1	2.4	3.1
50 to 249 employees	1,144	950	1,000	2.9	2.5	2.6
250 to 999 employees	417	359	368	2.5	1.9	2.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	149	147	132	2.0	1.7	1.8
5,000 or more employees	32	39	43	0.8	0.8	1.0
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,471	1,272	1,331	1.1	1.0	1.0
1 to 9 employees	289	179	157	1.4	0.9	0.7
10 to 49 employees	408	383	383	0.9	0.9	0.9
50 to 249 employees	442	389	463	1.1	1.0	1.2
250 to 999 employees	257	217	235	1.5	1.1	1.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	65	90	79	0.9	1.0	1.1
5,000 or more employees	10	15	13	0.3	0.3	0.3
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	257	231	286	0.2	0.2	0.2
1 to 9 employees	89	31	61	0.4	0.1	0.3
10 to 49 employees	90	73	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
50 to 249 employees	34	74	68	0.1	0.2	0.2
250 to 999 employees	24	27	28	0.1	0.1	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	14	15	11	0.2	0.2	0.1
5,000 or more employees	7	12	8	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.