Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and industry : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Bureau of Labor Statistics > Current Population Survey > Home

(See other file formats and other annual average tables or tables for other years.)

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and industry [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation and industry	2022
	Workers paid hourly rates
	Total	Below prevailing Federal minimum wage	At prevailing Federal minimum wage	Total at or below prevailing Federal minimum wage
	Total	Below prevailing Federal minimum wage	At prevailing Federal minimum wage	Number	Percent of hourly-paid workers
Total wage and salary workers	78,729	882	141	1,023	1.3

OCCUPATION
Management, professional, and related occupations	18,823	64	24	88	0.5
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	5,683	18	18	36	0.6
Management occupations	3,316	12	6	17	0.5
Business and financial operations occupations	2,367	7	12	19	0.8
Professional and related occupations	13,140	45	6	52	0.4
Computer and mathematical occupations	1,282	3	0	3	0.2
Architecture and engineering occupations	1,005	5	0	5	0.5
Life, physical, and social science occupations	504	3	0	3	0.6
Community and social service occupations	1,084	3	0	3	0.2
Legal occupations	351	4	0	4	1.3
Education, training, and library occupations	2,551	6	0	6	0.2
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations	887	6	3	8	0.9
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	5,475	16	4	20	0.4
Service occupations	18,436	676	67	744	4.0
Healthcare support occupations	4,128	42	1	43	1.1
Protective service occupations	1,966	18	2	20	1.0
Food preparation and serving related occupations	6,961	557	48	606	8.7
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations	3,551	24	6	31	0.9
Personal care and service occupations	1,829	34	10	44	2.4
Sales and office occupations	17,443	78	34	112	0.6
Sales and related occupations	6,919	39	20	59	0.9
Office and administrative support occupations	10,524	39	14	52	0.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	9,039	14	2	15	0.2
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	656	4	0	4	0.6
Construction and extraction occupations	5,094	7	0	7	0.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	3,289	3	1	5	0.1
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	14,988	50	15	64	0.4
Production occupations	6,583	14	7	21	0.3
Transportation and material moving occupations	8,405	36	8	43	0.5

INDUSTRY
Private sector	69,342	839	134	973	1.4
Agriculture and related industries	802	8	0	8	0.9
Nonagricultural industries	68,540	831	134	965	1.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	273	0	0	0	0.0
Construction	5,588	7	2	9	0.2
Manufacturing	8,573	29	6	35	0.4
Durable goods	5,355	8	1	9	0.2
Nondurable goods	3,219	21	4	26	0.8
Wholesale and retail trade	12,325	59	20	79	0.6
Wholesale trade	1,472	7	0	7	0.5
Retail trade	10,853	52	20	71	0.7
Transportation and utilities	4,530	12	1	14	0.3
Transportation and warehousing	4,048	12	1	14	0.3
Utilities	482	0	0	0	0.0
Information(1)	907	7	4	10	1.1
Publishing, except Internet	111	3	0	3	2.6
Motion pictures and sound recording industries	184	1	0	1	0.7
Broadcasting (except internet)	123	0	2	2	2.0
Telecommunications	350	1	1	2	0.7
Financial activities	3,179	7	1	8	0.3
Finance and insurance	2,291	5	1	7	0.3
Finance	1,395	5	1	7	0.5
Insurance	896	0	0	0	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	888	1	0	1	0.2
Professional and business services	6,495	31	10	41	0.6
Professional and technical services	3,023	13	6	19	0.6
Management, administrative, and waste services	3,473	17	4	22	0.6
Education and health services	13,949	74	18	92	0.7
Educational services	1,756	12	6	18	1.0
Health care and social assistance	12,194	62	12	74	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	9,558	575	63	639	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,460	28	5	33	2.3
Accommodation and food services	8,098	547	58	605	7.5
Accommodation	865	21	1	21	2.4
Food services and drinking places	7,233	527	57	584	8.1
Other services	3,163	31	8	39	1.2
Other services, except private households	2,688	22	7	29	1.1
Private households	475	9	1	10	2.1
Public sector	9,387	43	7	50	0.5
Federal government	1,895	9	1	10	0.5
State government	2,815	12	1	13	0.5
Local government	4,677	22	5	27	0.6
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $7.25 per hour in 2022. Data are for wage and salary workers; all self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. The data refer to a person's earnings on the sole or principal job, and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other non-hourly workers are not included. Hourly earnings for hourly-paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents may have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar and, as a result, reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum wage or higher. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Last Modified Date: January 25, 2023