Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	      USDL-22-0155
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, February 4, 2022

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

	
                      THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JANUARY 2022                            


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 467,000 in January, and the unemployment
rate was little changed at 4.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. Employment growth continued in leisure and hospitality, in professional and
business services, in retail trade, and in transportation and warehousing. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics.
The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry.
For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two
surveys, see the Technical Note.

 ____________________________________________________________________________________
|										     |
|                      Changes to The Employment Situation Data                      |
|										     |
| Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking |
| process and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. Also, household survey    |
| data for January 2022 reflect updated population estimates. See the notes at the   |
| end of this news release for more information.				     |
|____________________________________________________________________________________|


Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.0 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at
6.5 million, changed little in January. Over the year, the unemployment rate is down
by 2.4 percentage points, and the number of unemployed persons declined by 3.7 million.
In February 2020, prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the unemployment rate
was 3.5 percent, and unemployed persons numbered 5.7 million. (See table A-1. See the
note at the end of this news release and tables B and C for information about annual
population adjustments to the household survey estimates.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.8 percent) and
Whites (3.4 percent) edged up in January. The jobless rates for adult women (3.6 percent),
teenagers (10.9 percent), Blacks (6.9 percent), Asians (3.6 percent), and Hispanics 
(4.9 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of job leavers increased to 952,000 in January, following
a decrease in the prior month. The number of persons on temporary layoff, at 959,000 in
January, also increased over the month but is down by 1.8 million over the year. The 
number of permanent job losers, at 1.6 million, changed little in January but is down
by 1.9 million from a year earlier. (See table A-11.)

In January, the number of persons jobless less than 5 weeks increased to 2.4 million
and accounted for 37.0 percent of the total unemployed. The number of long-term unemployed
(those jobless for 27 weeks or more) declined to 1.7 million. This measure is down from
4.0 million a year earlier but is 570,000 higher than in February 2020. The long-term
unemployed accounted for 25.9 percent of the total unemployed in January. (See table A-12.)

After accounting for the annual adjustments to the population controls, the labor force
participation rate held at 62.2 percent in January, and the employment-population ratio
was little changed at 59.7 percent. Both measures are up over the year but remain below
their February 2020 levels (63.4 percent and 61.2 percent, respectively). (See table A-1.
For additional information about the effects of the population adjustments, see table C.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 3.7 million, continued
to trend down over the month. The over-the-year decline of 2.2 million brings this measure
to 673,000 below its February 2020 level. These individuals, who would have preferred
full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they
were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed
at 5.7 million in January. This measure decreased by 1.3 million over the year but is
708,000 higher than in February 2020. These individuals were not counted as unemployed
because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey
or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally
attached to the labor force, at 1.5 million, changed little in January. These individuals
wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12
months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of
discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were
available for them, was also little changed over the month, at 408,000. (See Summary
table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In January, the share of employed persons who teleworked because of the coronavirus
pandemic increased to 15.4 percent. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked
or worked at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically
because of the pandemic.

In January, 6.0 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their
employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did not work at all
or worked fewer hours at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the
pandemic. This measure is considerably higher than the level of 3.1 million in December.
Among those who reported in January that they were unable to work because of pandemic-
related closures or lost business, 23.7 percent received at least some pay from their
employer for the hours not worked, up from the prior month. 

Among those not in the labor force in January, 1.8 million persons were prevented from
looking for work due to the pandemic, up from 1.1 million in the prior month. (To be
counted as unemployed, by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for
work or on temporary layoff.)

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in
May 2020 to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are
not seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all
months are available online at 
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 467,000 in January, compared with an
average monthly gain of 555,000 in 2021. Nonfarm employment has increased by 19.1 
million since April 2020 but is down by 2.9 million, or 1.9 percent, from its pre-
pandemic level in February 2020. In January, employment growth continued in leisure
and hospitality, in professional and business services, in retail trade, and in
transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1. See the note at the end of this news
release and table A for information about the annual benchmark process.)

Employment in leisure and hospitality expanded by 151,000 in January, reflecting job
gains in food services and drinking places (+108,000) and in the accommodation industry
(+23,000). Since February 2020, employment in leisure and hospitality is down by 1.8
million, or 10.3 percent. 

In January, professional and business services added 86,000 jobs. Job gains occurred
in management and technical consulting services (+16,000), computer systems design
and related services (+15,000), architectural and engineering services (+8,000), and
other professional and technical services (+7,000). Employment in temporary help
services continued to trend up (+26,000). Employment in professional and business
services is 511,000 higher than in February 2020, largely in temporary help services
(+185,000), computer systems design and related services (+161,000), and management
and technical consulting services (+151,000).

Retail trade employment rose by 61,000 in January. Job growth occurred in general
merchandise stores (+29,000); health and personal care stores (+11,000); sporting
goods, hobby, book, and music stores (+7,000); and building material and garden supply
stores (+6,000). Retail trade employment is 61,000 above its level in February 2020.

Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 54,000 in January and is 
542,000 higher than in February 2020. In January, job gains occurred in couriers and
messengers (+21,000), warehousing and storage (+13,000), truck transportation (+8,000),
and air transportation (+7,000). All four of these component industries have surpassed
their February 2020 employment levels, with particularly strong growth in warehousing
and storage (+410,000) and couriers and messengers (+236,000). 

Employment in local government education rose by 29,000 in January but is down by
359,000, or 4.4 percent, since February 2020.

Employment in health care continued to trend up (+18,000) over the month but is down
by 378,000, or 2.3 percent, from its level in February 2020. 

Wholesale trade added 16,000 jobs in January, with gains in both durable goods (+11,000)
and nondurable goods (+8,000). Employment in wholesale trade is 125,000, or 2.1 percent,
lower than in February 2020.

Employment showed little change over the month in mining, construction, manufacturing,
information, financial activities, and other services.   

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls
increased by 23 cents to $31.63. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have
increased by 5.7 percent. In January, average hourly earnings of private-sector
production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 17 cents to $26.92. (See tables B-3 and
B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.2 hour to
34.5 hours in January. In manufacturing, the average workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to
40.2 hours, and overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for
production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.2 
hour to 33.9 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In accordance with usual practice, the seasonal adjustment models are updated as part
of the annual benchmark process. As a result of the updates, there were some large 
revisions to seasonally adjusted data that mostly offset each other. (See the note at
the end of this news release and table A for information about the revisions, the
annual benchmark process, and the seasonal adjustment model updates.) 

_____________
The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on Friday,
March 4, 2022, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


                  Revisions to Establishment Survey Data

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today
have been benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March
2021. These counts are derived principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW), which counts jobs covered by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax
system. The benchmark process results in revisions to not seasonally adjusted data
from April 2020 forward. Seasonally adjusted data from January 2017 forward are
subject to revision. In addition, data for some series prior to 2017, both
seasonally adjusted and unadjusted, incorporate other revisions.

The total nonfarm employment level for March 2021 was revised upward by 374,000.
On a not seasonally adjusted basis, total nonfarm employment for March 2021 was 
revised downward by 7,000, or less than -0.05 percent. Not seasonally adjusted, 
the absolute average benchmark revision over the past 10 years is 0.1 percent.

As part of the benchmark process, the seasonal adjustment models are also updated.
These models remove normal seasonal fluctuations--such as regular employment 
changes due to major holidays--from the data series, making it easier to observe 
cyclical and other economic trends. Now that there are more monthly observations
related to the historically large job losses and gains seen in the pandemic-driven
recession and recovery, the models can better distinguish normal seasonal movements
from underlying trends. As a result, some large revisions to seasonally adjusted
data occurred with the updated models; however, these monthly changes mostly offset
each other. For example, the over-the-month employment change for November and December
2021 combined is 709,000 higher than previously reported, while the over-the-month
employment change for June and July 2021 combined is 807,000 lower. Overall, the
2021 over-the-year change is 217,000 higher than previously reported. Going forward,
the updated models should produce more reliable estimates of seasonal movements.
Table A presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally adjusted
basis from January to December 2021.

All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website
at www.bls.gov/ces/data/home.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark
and post-benchmark revisions and other technical issues is available at
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 


Table A. Revisions to total nonfarm employment, January to December 2021, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |                Level              |      Over-the-month change     
                 |---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Year and month  |           |    As     |           |           |    As    |           
                 |    As     |previously | Difference|    As     |previously| Difference
                 |  revised  |published  |           |  revised  |published |           
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       2021      |           |           |           |           |          |           
                 |           |           |           |           |          |           
January......... |  143,017  |  142,736  |     281   |    520    |    233   |   287
February........ |  143,727  |  143,272  |     455   |    710    |    536   |   174
March........... |  144,431  |  144,057  |     374   |    704    |    785   |   -81
April........... |  144,694  |  144,326  |     368   |    263    |    269   |    -6
May............. |  145,141  |  144,940  |     201   |    447    |    614   |  -167
June............ |  145,698  |  145,902  |    -204   |    557    |    962   |  -405
July............ |  146,387  |  146,993  |    -606   |    689    |  1,091   |  -402
August.......... |  146,904  |  147,476  |    -572   |    517    |    483   |    34
September....... |  147,328  |  147,855  |    -527   |    424    |    379   |    45
October......... |  148,005  |  148,503  |    -498   |    677    |    648   |    29
November........ |  148,652  |  148,752  |    -100   |    647    |    249   |   398
December(p)..... |  149,162  |  148,951  |     211   |    510    |    199   |   311 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary


             Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey

Effective with data for January 2022, updated population estimates were incorporated into
the household survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the
U.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to reflect new
information and assumptions about the growth of the population since the previous decennial
census. The change in population reflected in the new estimates results from the introduction
of a blended 2020 population base, which combines population totals from the 2020 Census 
and demographic characteristics from other sources. It also reflects adjustments for net
international migration, updated vital statistics, and estimation methodology improvements.
The vast majority of the population change, however, is due to the change in the base
population from Census 2010 to the blended Census 2020 base.

In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey estimates
for December 2021 and earlier months. To show the impact of the population adjustments,
however, differences in selected December 2021 labor force series based on the old and new
population estimates are shown in table B.

The adjustments increased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population in
December by 973,000, the civilian labor force by 1,530,000, employment by 1,471,000, and
unemployment by 59,000. The number of persons not in the labor force decreased by 557,000.
Although the total unemployment rate was unaffected, the employment-population ratio and
labor force participation rate were each increased by 0.3 percentage point. This was mostly
due to an increase in the size of the population in age groups that participate in the labor
force at high rates (those ages 35 to 64) and a large decrease in the size of the population
age 65 and older, which participates at a low rate.

Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the comparability
of household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new
population estimates on the comparison of selected labor force measures between December 
2021 and January 2022. Additional information on the population adjustments and their effect
on national labor force estimates is available at 
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf.



    Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2021 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted 
(Numbers in thousands)
    
        
            Category
            Total
            Men
            Women
            White
            Black or 
 African 
 Ameri- 
 can
            Asian
            Hispanic or 
 Latino 
 ethnicity
        
    
    
        
            Civilian noninstitutional population
            973
            1,359
            -386
            538
            205
            168
            362

        
        
              Civilian labor force
            1,530
            1,239
            291
            1,180
            173
            140
            287

        
        
			      Participation rate
            0.3
            0.2
            0.4
            0.4
            0.2
            0.2
            0.1

        
        
                Employed
            1,471
            1,198
            273
            1,142
            162
            135
            273

        
        
        	      Employment-population ratio
            0.3
            0.2
            0.3
            0.4
            0.2
            0.1
            0.1

        
        
        	    Unemployed
        	 59
        	42
        	18
        	39
        	11
        	5
        	14

        
        
        	      Unemployment rate
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0

        
        
              Not in labor force
            -557
            120
            -677
            -643
            32
            28
            75

        
    
    
		
			
				
					NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

				
			
		
    





    Table C. December 2021-January 2022 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for population control effects 
(Numbers in thousands)
    
        
            Category
            Dec.-Jan. 
 change, as 
 published
            2022 
 population 
 control effect
            Dec.-Jan. change, after 
 removing the 
 population control 
 effect(1)
        
    
    
        
            Civilian noninstitutional population
            1,066
            973
            93

        
        
              Civilian labor force
            1,393
            1,530
            -137

        
        
			      Participation rate
            0.3
            0.3
            0

        
        
                Employed
            1,199
            1,471
            -272

        
        
        	      Employment-population ratio
            0.2
            0.3
            -0.1

        
        
        	    Unemployed
        	 194
        	59
        	135

        
        
        	      Unemployment rate
            0.1
            0
            0.1

        
        
              Not in labor force
            -326
            -557
            231

        
    
    
		
			
				
						(1) This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.

				
			
		
		
			
				
					NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2021 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Category	Total	Men	Women	White	Black or African Ameri- can	Asian	Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population	973	1,359	-386	538	205	168	362
Civilian labor force	1,530	1,239	291	1,180	173	140	287
Participation rate	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.1
Employed	1,471	1,198	273	1,142	162	135	273
Employment-population ratio	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.1
Unemployed	59	42	18	39	11	5	14
Unemployment rate	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not in labor force	-557	120	-677	-643	32	28	75
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Table C. December 2021-January 2022 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for population control effects
(Numbers in thousands)
Category	Dec.-Jan. change, as published	2022 population control effect	Dec.-Jan. change, after removing the population control effect(1)
Civilian noninstitutional population	1,066	973	93
Civilian labor force	1,393	1,530	-137
Participation rate	0.3	0.3	0
Employed	1,199	1,471	-272
Employment-population ratio	0.2	0.3	-0.1
Unemployed	194	59	135
Unemployment rate	0.1	0	0.1
Not in labor force	-326	-557	231
(1) This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Change from: Dec. 2021- Jan. 2022
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	260,851	262,029	262,136	263,202	-
Civilian labor force	160,184	162,126	162,294	163,687	-
Participation rate	61.4	61.9	61.9	62.2	-
Employed	150,004	155,324	155,975	157,174	-
Employment-population ratio	57.5	59.3	59.5	59.7	-
Unemployed	10,180	6,802	6,319	6,513	-
Unemployment rate	6.4	4.2	3.9	4.0	-
Not in labor force	100,667	99,902	99,842	99,516	-

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	6.4	4.2	3.9	4.0	-
Adult men (20 years and over)	6.1	3.9	3.6	3.8	-
Adult women (20 years and over)	6.0	3.9	3.6	3.6	-
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	14.6	10.9	10.9	10.9	-
White	5.7	3.7	3.2	3.4	-
Black or African American	9.2	6.5	7.1	6.9	-
Asian	6.6	3.9	3.8	3.6	-
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	8.6	5.2	4.9	4.9	-

Total, 25 years and over	5.7	3.6	3.3	3.4	-
Less than a high school diploma	9.0	5.5	5.2	6.3	-
High school graduates, no college	7.1	5.2	4.6	4.6	-
Some college or associate degree	6.2	3.7	3.6	3.6	-
Bachelor's degree and higher	4.0	2.2	2.1	2.3	-

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	6,963	3,369	3,095	3,220	-
Job leavers	653	837	724	952	-
Reentrants	1,998	2,154	2,038	1,959	-
New entrants	545	452	513	433	-

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,307	1,985	1,977	2,417	-
5 to 14 weeks	2,454	1,703	1,571	1,607	-
15 to 26 weeks	1,336	870	780	816	-
27 weeks and over	4,046	2,193	2,008	1,691	-

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	5,940	4,266	3,929	3,717	-
Slack work or business conditions	4,757	2,903	2,594	2,430	-
Could only find part-time work	996	1,059	1,082	969	-
Part time for noneconomic reasons	18,424	20,440	20,315	20,198	-

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,908	1,610	1,639	1,526	-
Discouraged workers	617	451	463	408	-
- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	520	647	510	467
Total private	423	627	503	444
Goods-producing	-11	99	62	4
Mining and logging	-8	4	4	-4
Construction	3	47	26	-5
Manufacturing	-6	48	32	13
Durable goods(1)	-8	19	25	8
Motor vehicles and parts	4.7	-15.0	0.7	-4.9
Nondurable goods	2	29	7	5
Private service-providing	434	528	441	440
Wholesale trade	13.5	14.9	20.4	16.4
Retail trade	73.4	19.9	40.1	61.4
Transportation and warehousing	33.0	37.2	25.3	54.2
Utilities	1.0	-0.8	-0.8	0.1
Information	26	18	12	18
Financial activities	11	32	17	9
Professional and business services(1)	111	111	88	86
Temporary help services	56.9	11.3	28.5	26.3
Education and health services(1)	28	69	50	29
Health care and social assistance	-62.5	36.3	31.5	16.4
Leisure and hospitality	128	191	163	151
Other services	9	36	26	15
Government	97	20	7	23

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	246	583	611	541
Total private	240	577	608	525

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.7	49.8	49.7	49.7
Total private women employees	48.2	48.4	48.3	48.3
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.4	81.5	81.5	81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	35.0	34.8	34.7	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$29.93	$31.23	$31.40	$31.63
Average weekly earnings	$1,047.55	$1,086.80	$1,089.58	$1,091.24
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	106.5	110.5	110.7	110.4
Over-the-month percent change	1.2	0.5	0.2	-0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	152.4	165.1	166.1	167.0
Over-the-month percent change	1.3	0.9	0.6	0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (256 industries)	57.6	74.8	72.7	60.7
Manufacturing (74 industries)	50.7	73.0	64.9	58.1
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on
payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
businesses-pay-workers.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 670,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-70,000 to +170,000 (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Sept. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	260,851	262,136	263,202	260,851	261,766	261,908	262,029	262,136	263,202
Civilian labor force	159,234	161,696	162,825	160,184	161,471	161,610	162,126	162,294	163,687
Participation rate	61.0	61.7	61.9	61.4	61.7	61.7	61.9	61.9	62.2
Employed	148,383	155,732	155,618	150,004	153,806	154,234	155,324	155,975	157,174
Employment-population ratio	56.9	59.4	59.1	57.5	58.8	58.9	59.3	59.5	59.7
Unemployed	10,851	5,964	7,207	10,180	7,666	7,375	6,802	6,319	6,513
Unemployment rate	6.8	3.7	4.4	6.4	4.7	4.6	4.2	3.9	4.0
Not in labor force	101,618	100,440	100,378	100,667	100,294	100,298	99,902	99,842	99,516
Persons who currently want a job	7,129	5,524	5,872	6,956	5,918	5,935	5,819	5,713	5,704

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,192	126,832	128,236	126,192	126,648	126,719	126,779	126,832	128,236
Civilian labor force	84,537	85,339	86,488	85,195	85,801	85,735	86,017	85,857	87,074
Participation rate	67.0	67.3	67.4	67.5	67.7	67.7	67.8	67.7	67.9
Employed	78,535	82,024	82,376	79,728	81,533	81,835	82,432	82,508	83,518
Employment-population ratio	62.2	64.7	64.2	63.2	64.4	64.6	65.0	65.1	65.1
Unemployed	6,003	3,314	4,112	5,468	4,268	3,900	3,585	3,349	3,556
Unemployment rate	7.1	3.9	4.8	6.4	5.0	4.5	4.2	3.9	4.1
Not in labor force	41,655	41,493	41,748	40,996	40,846	40,983	40,762	40,975	41,162

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	117,864	118,520	119,612	117,864	118,337	118,406	118,466	118,520	119,612
Civilian labor force	81,801	82,547	83,649	82,191	82,851	82,703	83,007	82,902	83,967
Participation rate	69.4	69.6	69.9	69.7	70.0	69.8	70.1	69.9	70.2
Employed	76,239	79,525	79,879	77,185	78,952	79,164	79,736	79,892	80,767
Employment-population ratio	64.7	67.1	66.8	65.5	66.7	66.9	67.3	67.4	67.5
Unemployed	5,562	3,022	3,770	5,006	3,899	3,539	3,272	3,010	3,199
Unemployment rate	6.8	3.7	4.5	6.1	4.7	4.3	3.9	3.6	3.8
Not in labor force	36,063	35,973	35,962	35,673	35,486	35,703	35,459	35,618	35,645

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	134,660	135,304	134,966	134,660	135,118	135,189	135,250	135,304	134,966
Civilian labor force	74,696	76,357	76,337	74,989	75,670	75,874	76,109	76,437	76,612
Participation rate	55.5	56.4	56.6	55.7	56.0	56.1	56.3	56.5	56.8
Employed	69,848	73,708	73,242	70,276	72,273	72,399	72,892	73,467	73,656
Employment-population ratio	51.9	54.5	54.3	52.2	53.5	53.6	53.9	54.3	54.6
Unemployed	4,848	2,649	3,095	4,712	3,398	3,475	3,217	2,970	2,957
Unemployment rate	6.5	3.5	4.1	6.3	4.5	4.6	4.2	3.9	3.9
Not in labor force	59,963	58,947	58,629	59,671	59,448	59,315	59,141	58,867	58,354

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,507	127,167	126,570	126,507	126,982	127,051	127,112	127,167	126,570
Civilian labor force	71,975	73,546	73,404	72,087	72,644	72,929	73,134	73,455	73,494
Participation rate	56.9	57.8	58.0	57.0	57.2	57.4	57.5	57.8	58.1
Employed	67,538	71,140	70,637	67,776	69,555	69,790	70,257	70,795	70,857
Employment-population ratio	53.4	55.9	55.8	53.6	54.8	54.9	55.3	55.7	56.0
Unemployed	4,437	2,406	2,767	4,311	3,089	3,139	2,876	2,660	2,637
Unemployment rate	6.2	3.3	3.8	6.0	4.3	4.3	3.9	3.6	3.6
Not in labor force	54,532	53,621	53,167	54,419	54,337	54,122	53,978	53,712	53,076

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,481	16,449	17,020	16,481	16,447	16,451	16,450	16,449	17,020
Civilian labor force	5,458	5,602	5,772	5,906	5,976	5,978	5,985	5,936	6,226
Participation rate	33.1	34.1	33.9	35.8	36.3	36.3	36.4	36.1	36.6
Employed	4,606	5,068	5,102	5,043	5,298	5,281	5,331	5,287	5,550
Employment-population ratio	27.9	30.8	30.0	30.6	32.2	32.1	32.4	32.1	32.6
Unemployed	852	535	670	863	678	697	654	649	676
Unemployment rate	15.6	9.5	11.6	14.6	11.3	11.7	10.9	10.9	10.9
Not in labor force	11,023	10,847	11,248	10,575	10,471	10,473	10,465	10,512	10,795
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Sept. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	201,588	202,250	202,819	201,588	202,057	202,138	202,199	202,250	202,819
Civilian labor force	123,054	124,427	125,148	123,725	124,204	124,279	124,677	124,780	125,782
Participation rate	61.0	61.5	61.7	61.4	61.5	61.5	61.7	61.7	62.0
Employed	115,454	120,536	120,320	116,663	119,009	119,376	120,084	120,749	121,497
Employment-population ratio	57.3	59.6	59.3	57.9	58.9	59.1	59.4	59.7	59.9
Unemployed	7,601	3,891	4,828	7,062	5,194	4,903	4,593	4,032	4,285
Unemployment rate	6.2	3.1	3.9	5.7	4.2	3.9	3.7	3.2	3.4
Not in labor force	78,534	77,823	77,671	77,863	77,853	77,859	77,521	77,469	77,038
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	64,287	64,784	65,514	64,558	64,957	64,693	64,973	65,000	65,736
Participation rate	69.5	69.8	70.0	69.8	70.1	69.8	70.0	70.0	70.2
Employed	60,252	62,745	62,913	60,987	62,257	62,374	62,835	63,047	63,612
Employment-population ratio	65.2	67.6	67.2	66.0	67.2	67.3	67.7	67.9	68.0
Unemployed	4,035	2,039	2,601	3,570	2,699	2,320	2,138	1,953	2,124
Unemployment rate	6.3	3.1	4.0	5.5	4.2	3.6	3.3	3.0	3.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,489	55,289	55,127	54,520	54,574	54,901	55,069	55,177	55,169
Participation rate	56.1	56.8	57.0	56.2	56.1	56.4	56.6	56.7	57.0
Employed	51,581	53,765	53,334	51,705	52,574	52,800	53,030	53,493	53,449
Employment-population ratio	53.2	55.2	55.1	53.3	54.0	54.2	54.5	54.9	55.2
Unemployed	2,908	1,524	1,794	2,815	2,000	2,101	2,039	1,684	1,720
Unemployment rate	5.3	2.8	3.3	5.2	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.1	3.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,278	4,354	4,506	4,647	4,673	4,684	4,635	4,603	4,877
Participation rate	35.4	36.1	36.1	38.4	38.7	38.8	38.4	38.2	39.1
Employed	3,620	4,025	4,073	3,970	4,178	4,202	4,219	4,209	4,435
Employment-population ratio	29.9	33.4	32.7	32.8	34.6	34.8	35.0	34.9	35.6
Unemployed	657	329	433	677	495	482	415	395	442
Unemployment rate	15.4	7.5	9.6	14.6	10.6	10.3	9.0	8.6	9.1

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,493	33,749	33,978	33,493	33,673	33,699	33,725	33,749	33,978
Civilian labor force	20,087	20,364	20,914	20,198	20,626	20,565	20,477	20,506	21,056
Participation rate	60.0	60.3	61.6	60.3	61.3	61.0	60.7	60.8	62.0
Employed	18,124	19,045	19,392	18,335	19,017	18,962	19,143	19,057	19,597
Employment-population ratio	54.1	56.4	57.1	54.7	56.5	56.3	56.8	56.5	57.7
Unemployed	1,963	1,319	1,522	1,863	1,608	1,603	1,335	1,449	1,459
Unemployment rate	9.8	6.5	7.3	9.2	7.8	7.8	6.5	7.1	6.9
Not in labor force	13,406	13,385	13,063	13,295	13,047	13,135	13,248	13,243	12,922
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,281	9,320	9,669	9,345	9,389	9,479	9,466	9,378	9,741
Participation rate	65.6	65.3	67.0	66.1	65.9	66.5	66.4	65.7	67.5
Employed	8,346	8,697	8,934	8,465	8,644	8,699	8,787	8,723	9,051
Employment-population ratio	59.0	60.9	61.9	59.8	60.7	61.0	61.6	61.1	62.7
Unemployed	935	623	735	880	745	780	679	655	690
Unemployment rate	10.1	6.7	7.6	9.4	7.9	8.2	7.2	7.0	7.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,152	10,391	10,560	10,139	10,450	10,383	10,301	10,445	10,568
Participation rate	59.9	60.8	61.9	59.8	61.3	60.9	60.3	61.1	61.9
Employed	9,236	9,814	9,921	9,278	9,702	9,673	9,802	9,794	9,954
Employment-population ratio	54.5	57.4	58.1	54.7	56.9	56.7	57.4	57.3	58.3
Unemployed	915	577	639	861	748	710	500	651	614
Unemployment rate	9.0	5.6	6.1	8.5	7.2	6.8	4.9	6.2	5.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	654	653	686	714	787	703	711	683	747
Participation rate	27.3	27.4	27.7	29.8	33.0	29.5	29.8	28.6	30.2
Employed	542	535	538	592	671	590	554	540	592
Employment-population ratio	22.6	22.4	21.8	24.7	28.1	24.7	23.2	22.6	24.0
Unemployed	113	118	148	122	115	113	157	143	155
Unemployment rate	17.2	18.1	21.6	17.1	14.6	16.0	22.0	21.0	20.7

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,423	16,612	16,903	16,423	16,540	16,485	16,513	16,612	16,903
Civilian labor force	10,231	10,727	10,806	10,305	10,652	10,767	10,781	10,739	10,880
Participation rate	62.3	64.6	63.9	62.7	64.4	65.3	65.3	64.6	64.4
Employed	9,533	10,344	10,403	9,629	10,207	10,310	10,362	10,326	10,492
Employment-population ratio	58.0	62.3	61.5	58.6	61.7	62.5	62.8	62.2	62.1
Unemployed	698	383	403	676	445	457	419	413	388
Unemployment rate	6.8	3.6	3.7	6.6	4.2	4.2	3.9	3.8	3.6
Not in labor force	6,192	5,885	6,097	6,118	5,889	5,718	5,731	5,873	6,022
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Sept. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	44,521	45,303	45,740	44,521	45,083	45,159	45,232	45,303	45,740
Civilian labor force	28,831	29,800	30,274	28,926	29,566	29,663	29,979	29,883	30,390
Participation rate	64.8	65.8	66.2	65.0	65.6	65.7	66.3	66.0	66.4
Employed	26,120	28,443	28,595	26,452	27,758	27,962	28,432	28,427	28,893
Employment-population ratio	58.7	62.8	62.5	59.4	61.6	61.9	62.9	62.7	63.2
Unemployed	2,710	1,357	1,679	2,473	1,808	1,701	1,547	1,456	1,497
Unemployment rate	9.4	4.6	5.5	8.6	6.1	5.7	5.2	4.9	4.9
Not in labor force	15,690	15,503	15,466	15,595	15,518	15,496	15,253	15,420	15,350
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	15,765	16,167	16,538	15,778	16,326	16,213	16,422	16,266	16,586
Participation rate	78.4	79.0	79.8	78.5	80.1	79.4	80.3	79.4	80.0
Employed	14,363	15,518	15,676	14,575	15,408	15,410	15,681	15,580	15,867
Employment-population ratio	71.4	75.8	75.6	72.5	75.6	75.5	76.7	76.1	76.6
Unemployed	1,402	649	862	1,204	918	803	741	687	719
Unemployment rate	8.9	4.0	5.2	7.6	5.6	5.0	4.5	4.2	4.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,782	12,340	12,367	11,803	11,932	12,054	12,170	12,288	12,383
Participation rate	57.8	59.5	59.5	57.9	57.8	58.3	58.7	59.2	59.6
Employed	10,702	11,763	11,717	10,767	11,272	11,374	11,531	11,682	11,775
Employment-population ratio	52.5	56.7	56.4	52.8	54.6	55.0	55.7	56.3	56.6
Unemployed	1,079	577	651	1,036	661	680	639	606	608
Unemployment rate	9.2	4.7	5.3	8.8	5.5	5.6	5.3	4.9	4.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,284	1,293	1,369	1,345	1,307	1,396	1,387	1,328	1,421
Participation rate	31.9	31.7	32.4	33.4	32.2	34.3	34.1	32.6	33.6
Employed	1,055	1,162	1,203	1,111	1,078	1,178	1,220	1,165	1,251
Employment-population ratio	26.2	28.5	28.5	27.6	26.5	29.0	30.0	28.6	29.6
Unemployed	229	131	166	233	229	218	167	163	170
Unemployment rate	17.8	10.1	12.1	17.3	17.5	15.6	12.1	12.2	12.0
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Sept. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,296	8,786	8,762	9,216	9,128	9,025	8,791	8,712	8,687
Participation rate	45.5	45.2	44.9	45.1	45.3	46.4	45.1	44.8	44.5
Employed	8,297	8,271	8,044	8,386	8,428	8,368	8,304	8,255	8,142
Employment-population ratio	40.6	42.5	41.2	41.0	41.8	43.1	42.6	42.5	41.7
Unemployed	999	515	719	831	700	657	487	457	545
Unemployment rate	10.7	5.9	8.2	9.0	7.7	7.3	5.5	5.2	6.3

High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	34,169	35,778	36,764	34,356	34,994	35,282	35,444	35,828	37,064
Participation rate	54.7	55.6	56.7	55.0	55.3	55.0	55.7	55.7	57.2
Employed	31,482	34,154	34,877	31,927	32,991	33,395	33,615	34,188	35,361
Employment-population ratio	50.4	53.1	53.8	51.1	52.1	52.1	52.9	53.1	54.6
Unemployed	2,687	1,624	1,887	2,429	2,004	1,888	1,829	1,640	1,703
Unemployment rate	7.9	4.5	5.1	7.1	5.7	5.4	5.2	4.6	4.6

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,431	35,525	35,182	35,508	35,794	35,394	35,417	35,477	35,320
Participation rate	62.3	62.8	62.9	62.4	63.0	62.8	62.6	62.7	63.1
Employed	33,142	34,335	33,871	33,310	34,196	33,863	34,105	34,204	34,059
Employment-population ratio	58.2	60.7	60.5	58.5	60.2	60.1	60.2	60.4	60.9
Unemployed	2,289	1,190	1,311	2,198	1,598	1,531	1,312	1,274	1,261
Unemployment rate	6.5	3.3	3.7	6.2	4.5	4.3	3.7	3.6	3.6

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	60,473	61,300	61,803	60,410	60,772	60,951	61,317	61,134	61,699
Participation rate	72.3	72.5	72.7	72.2	72.1	71.9	72.0	72.3	72.6
Employed	58,001	60,147	60,349	57,978	59,258	59,477	59,937	59,860	60,294
Employment-population ratio	69.3	71.1	71.0	69.3	70.3	70.1	70.4	70.8	70.9
Unemployed	2,472	1,153	1,454	2,432	1,514	1,473	1,380	1,274	1,404
Unemployment rate	4.1	1.9	2.4	4.0	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.1	2.3
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,975	18,495	16,968	16,474	2,007	2,021
Civilian labor force	9,115	8,872	7,968	7,669	1,147	1,204
Participation rate	48.0	48.0	47.0	46.6	57.2	59.6
Employed	8,616	8,535	7,506	7,371	1,109	1,164
Employment-population ratio	45.4	46.1	44.2	44.7	55.3	57.6
Unemployed	500	338	461	298	38	40
Unemployment rate	5.5	3.8	5.8	3.9	3.3	3.3
Not in labor force	9,860	9,623	9,000	8,805	860	817

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,636	4,757	3,808	3,879	828	878
Civilian labor force	3,590	3,787	3,023	3,166	567	620
Participation rate	77.4	79.6	79.4	81.6	68.5	70.7
Employed	3,362	3,591	2,817	2,994	545	596
Employment-population ratio	72.5	75.5	74.0	77.2	65.9	67.9
Unemployed	228	196	206	172	22	24
Unemployment rate	6.3	5.2	6.8	5.4	3.8	3.9
Not in labor force	1,046	971	785	713	261	258

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,274	3,311	2,779	2,834	495	477
Civilian labor force	2,499	2,417	2,164	2,071	335	346
Participation rate	76.3	73.0	77.9	73.1	67.6	72.6
Employed	2,410	2,389	2,081	2,043	329	346
Employment-population ratio	73.6	72.2	74.9	72.1	66.4	72.5
Unemployed	89	28	83	28	6	1
Unemployment rate	3.6	1.2	3.8	1.3	1.8	0.2
Not in labor force	775	893	615	763	160	131

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,869	6,368	6,604	6,115	265	253
Civilian labor force	1,185	993	1,166	955	19	38
Participation rate	17.3	15.6	17.7	15.6	7.3	15.1
Employed	1,128	943	1,108	911	19	32
Employment-population ratio	16.4	14.8	16.8	14.9	7.3	12.8
Unemployed	58	50	58	44	0	6
Unemployment rate	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.6	-	-
Not in labor force	5,684	5,375	5,438	5,160	246	215

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,196	4,059	3,777	3,646	419	413
Civilian labor force	1,841	1,675	1,615	1,477	226	199
Participation rate	43.9	41.3	42.8	40.5	53.9	48.1
Employed	1,716	1,612	1,500	1,423	215	189
Employment-population ratio	40.9	39.7	39.7	39.0	51.4	45.8
Unemployed	125	64	115	54	11	10
Unemployment rate	6.8	3.8	7.1	3.7	4.7	4.8
Not in labor force	2,355	2,384	2,162	2,169	193	214

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	233,094	235,614	104,699	107,121	128,395	128,493
Civilian labor force	148,213	151,745	75,652	77,789	72,562	73,956
Participation rate	63.6	64.4	72.3	72.6	56.5	57.6
Employed	138,151	145,118	70,229	74,107	67,922	71,012
Employment-population ratio	59.3	61.6	67.1	69.2	52.9	55.3
Unemployed	10,062	6,627	5,423	3,682	4,639	2,945
Unemployment rate	6.8	4.4	7.2	4.7	6.4	4.0
Not in labor force	84,881	83,869	29,048	29,332	55,834	54,537
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	29,851	31,600	231,001	231,603
Civilian labor force	5,846	7,213	153,387	155,612
Participation rate	19.6	22.8	66.4	67.2
Employed	5,144	6,553	143,239	149,065
Employment-population ratio	17.2	20.7	62.0	64.4
Unemployed	702	660	10,149	6,547
Unemployment rate	12.0	9.1	6.6	4.2
Not in labor force	24,005	24,386	77,613	75,991

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,595	3,160	76,189	77,363
Participation rate	34.3	39.4	81.3	81.6
Employed	2,237	2,799	70,857	73,847
Employment-population ratio	29.5	34.9	75.6	77.9
Unemployed	358	361	5,332	3,517
Unemployment rate	13.8	11.4	7.0	4.5
Not in labor force	4,979	4,869	17,501	17,444

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,302	2,865	67,741	68,788
Participation rate	31.4	35.6	69.9	71.3
Employed	2,042	2,640	63,405	66,059
Employment-population ratio	27.8	32.8	65.5	68.4
Unemployed	260	226	4,336	2,729
Unemployment rate	11.3	7.9	6.4	4.0
Not in labor force	5,034	5,185	29,111	27,723

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	949	1,188	9,457	9,461
Participation rate	6.4	7.7	23.4	23.5
Employed	865	1,114	8,977	9,160
Employment-population ratio	5.8	7.2	22.2	22.7
Unemployed	84	73	481	301
Unemployment rate	8.8	6.2	5.1	3.2
Not in labor force	13,991	14,332	31,000	30,825
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
Employment status and nativity	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	43,086	44,624	20,793	21,886	22,293	22,738
Civilian labor force	27,549	29,255	15,932	16,869	11,617	12,387
Participation rate	63.9	65.6	76.6	77.1	52.1	54.5
Employed	25,318	27,978	14,777	16,192	10,542	11,786
Employment-population ratio	58.8	62.7	71.1	74.0	47.3	51.8
Unemployed	2,231	1,277	1,155	677	1,076	601
Unemployment rate	8.1	4.4	7.2	4.0	9.3	4.9
Not in labor force	15,537	15,368	4,861	5,017	10,676	10,352

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	217,765	218,579	105,399	106,351	112,367	112,228
Civilian labor force	131,685	133,569	68,605	69,619	63,079	63,950
Participation rate	60.5	61.1	65.1	65.5	56.1	57.0
Employed	123,065	127,640	63,758	66,184	59,307	61,456
Employment-population ratio	56.5	58.4	60.5	62.2	52.8	54.8
Unemployed	8,620	5,929	4,848	3,435	3,772	2,494
Unemployment rate	6.5	4.4	7.1	4.9	6.0	3.9
Not in labor force	86,081	85,009	36,793	36,732	49,287	48,278
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]
Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Category	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Sept. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,346	2,253	2,224	2,454	2,247	2,296	2,212	2,308	2,326
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,517	1,473	1,454	1,567	1,508	1,501	1,434	1,477	1,501
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	778	746	735	815	733	769	744	785	771
Unpaid family workers	50	33	36	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	146,037	153,479	153,394	147,404	151,686	152,070	152,933	153,409	154,598
Wage and salary workers(1)	137,451	144,275	144,501	138,964	141,756	142,194	143,816	144,474	145,993
Government	20,914	21,239	21,593	20,653	20,514	20,511	20,750	21,097	21,274
Private industries	116,537	123,036	122,907	117,992	121,909	122,175	123,416	123,172	124,240
Private households	622	585	575	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	115,915	122,450	122,332	117,348	121,226	121,460	122,796	122,484	123,512
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,515	9,161	8,830	8,750	9,424	9,465	9,256	9,282	9,089
Unpaid family workers	71	43	64	-	-	-	-	-	-

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	6,404	4,049	4,176	5,940	4,450	4,398	4,266	3,929	3,717
Slack work or business conditions	5,185	2,679	2,828	4,757	3,142	3,108	2,903	2,594	2,430
Could only find part-time work	981	1,040	935	996	988	961	1,059	1,082	969
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	18,407	20,694	20,105	18,424	20,335	20,539	20,440	20,315	20,198
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	6,284	3,994	4,094	5,804	4,360	4,273	4,244	3,898	3,620
Slack work or business conditions	5,102	2,649	2,782	4,688	3,094	3,032	2,869	2,578	2,400
Could only find part-time work	980	1,040	927	991	976	962	1,056	1,079	960
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	17,993	20,308	19,738	18,012	19,952	20,200	20,075	19,951	19,839
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Sept. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	148,383	155,732	155,618	150,004	153,806	154,234	155,324	155,975	157,174
16 to 19 years	4,606	5,068	5,102	5,043	5,298	5,281	5,331	5,287	5,550
16 to 17 years	1,616	1,966	1,965	1,812	2,021	1,992	2,087	2,075	2,188
18 to 19 years	2,990	3,102	3,137	3,228	3,261	3,289	3,243	3,214	3,378
20 years and over	143,777	150,664	150,516	144,961	148,508	148,953	149,993	150,688	151,624
20 to 24 years	12,856	13,758	13,376	13,215	13,529	13,718	13,824	13,870	13,756
25 years and over	130,921	136,907	137,141	131,645	135,072	135,282	136,065	136,605	137,840
25 to 54 years	95,871	100,016	100,214	96,293	98,460	98,795	99,396	99,740	100,647
25 to 34 years	33,687	35,464	34,726	33,891	34,713	35,029	35,347	35,352	34,985
35 to 44 years	32,046	33,521	34,050	32,169	32,945	33,042	33,174	33,454	34,147
45 to 54 years	30,137	31,031	31,437	30,234	30,802	30,723	30,875	30,934	31,515
55 years and over	35,050	36,891	36,927	35,351	36,612	36,487	36,669	36,865	37,193

Men, 16 years and over	78,535	82,024	82,376	79,728	81,533	81,835	82,432	82,508	83,518
16 to 19 years	2,295	2,499	2,497	2,542	2,581	2,672	2,696	2,616	2,751
16 to 17 years	799	892	899	914	974	984	1,017	970	1,022
18 to 19 years	1,496	1,608	1,599	1,635	1,590	1,691	1,686	1,655	1,744
20 years and over	76,239	79,525	79,879	77,185	78,952	79,164	79,736	79,892	80,767
20 to 24 years	6,591	6,952	6,797	6,813	6,882	6,972	7,100	7,070	7,032
25 years and over	69,648	72,573	73,082	70,306	72,081	72,181	72,535	72,702	73,752
25 to 54 years	50,957	52,948	53,236	51,369	52,462	52,717	52,894	52,992	53,693
25 to 34 years	17,967	18,816	18,346	18,134	18,540	18,715	18,797	18,793	18,555
35 to 44 years	17,211	17,849	18,264	17,367	17,802	17,784	17,845	17,899	18,420
45 to 54 years	15,779	16,283	16,626	15,868	16,120	16,218	16,252	16,300	16,718
55 years and over	18,691	19,625	19,846	18,936	19,619	19,464	19,641	19,710	20,059

Women, 16 years and over	69,848	73,708	73,242	70,276	72,273	72,399	72,892	73,467	73,656
16 to 19 years	2,310	2,568	2,605	2,501	2,717	2,609	2,635	2,671	2,799
16 to 17 years	817	1,074	1,067	898	1,046	1,008	1,070	1,105	1,166
18 to 19 years	1,494	1,494	1,538	1,593	1,671	1,598	1,557	1,558	1,634
20 years and over	67,538	71,140	70,637	67,776	69,555	69,790	70,257	70,795	70,857
20 to 24 years	6,266	6,806	6,578	6,402	6,646	6,746	6,724	6,799	6,725
25 years and over	61,272	64,334	64,059	61,339	62,991	63,101	63,530	63,904	64,088
25 to 54 years	44,914	47,068	46,978	44,924	45,998	46,078	46,502	46,748	46,954
25 to 34 years	15,720	16,648	16,380	15,757	16,174	16,314	16,550	16,559	16,430
35 to 44 years	14,836	15,672	15,786	14,801	15,143	15,258	15,329	15,555	15,727
45 to 54 years	14,358	14,748	14,811	14,366	14,681	14,505	14,623	14,635	14,798
55 years and over	16,358	17,266	17,081	16,415	16,993	17,023	17,029	17,156	17,134

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	43,547	44,351	45,145	43,749	43,671	43,794	44,209	44,437	45,342
Married women, spouse present(1)	34,698	35,909	36,004	34,619	35,029	34,988	35,328	35,557	35,885
Women who maintain families(2)	9,325	9,726	9,983	-	-	-	-	-	-

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	123,717	129,824	129,747	125,123	128,076	128,409	129,388	130,191	131,164
Part-time workers(4)	24,666	25,908	25,871	24,669	25,772	25,903	25,956	25,681	25,817

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	6,535	7,461	7,337	6,684	7,038	6,984	7,065	7,395	7,486
Percent of total employed	4.4	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.7	4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,938	6,213	6,366	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,293	9,908	9,564	9,565	10,157	10,234	10,000	10,067	9,860
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
Characteristic	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Sept. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	10,180	6,319	6,513	6.4	4.7	4.6	4.2	3.9	4.0
16 to 19 years	863	649	676	14.6	11.3	11.7	10.9	10.9	10.9
16 to 17 years	328	251	278	15.3	10.8	10.1	10.4	10.8	11.3
18 to 19 years	535	416	400	14.2	11.7	12.6	11.6	11.5	10.6
20 years and over	9,317	5,670	5,837	6.0	4.5	4.3	3.9	3.6	3.7
20 to 24 years	1,465	1,058	1,080	10.0	7.8	7.2	7.4	7.1	7.3
25 years and over	7,885	4,660	4,851	5.7	4.1	4.0	3.6	3.3	3.4
25 to 54 years	5,923	3,583	3,667	5.8	4.4	4.1	3.7	3.5	3.5
25 to 34 years	2,470	1,580	1,580	6.8	5.2	4.8	4.3	4.3	4.3
35 to 44 years	1,898	1,124	1,242	5.6	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.3	3.5
45 to 54 years	1,555	879	845	4.9	3.9	3.7	3.1	2.8	2.6
55 years and over	1,972	1,133	1,203	5.3	3.5	3.6	3.2	3.0	3.1

Men, 16 years and over	5,468	3,349	3,556	6.4	5.0	4.5	4.2	3.9	4.1
16 to 19 years	462	339	357	15.4	12.5	11.9	10.4	11.5	11.5
16 to 17 years	145	117	159	13.7	11.5	9.8	11.1	10.7	13.5
18 to 19 years	309	238	198	15.9	13.2	13.2	10.5	12.6	10.2
20 years and over	5,006	3,010	3,199	6.1	4.7	4.3	3.9	3.6	3.8
20 to 24 years	773	586	659	10.2	9.1	8.2	8.0	7.7	8.6
25 years and over	4,245	2,455	2,614	5.7	4.3	3.9	3.6	3.3	3.4
25 to 54 years	3,169	1,903	1,954	5.8	4.5	4.0	3.8	3.5	3.5
25 to 34 years	1,357	879	862	7.0	5.6	5.0	4.4	4.5	4.4
35 to 44 years	1,026	607	674	5.6	4.1	3.7	3.9	3.3	3.5
45 to 54 years	786	417	418	4.7	3.7	3.2	2.9	2.5	2.4
55 years and over	1,076	552	660	5.4	3.6	3.5	3.0	2.7	3.2

Women, 16 years and over	4,712	2,970	2,957	6.3	4.5	4.6	4.2	3.9	3.9
16 to 19 years	401	311	319	13.8	10.2	11.4	11.4	10.4	10.2
16 to 17 years	183	134	119	16.9	10.1	10.4	9.7	10.8	9.3
18 to 19 years	226	178	203	12.4	10.2	12.0	12.7	10.2	11.0
20 years and over	4,311	2,660	2,637	6.0	4.3	4.3	3.9	3.6	3.6
20 to 24 years	692	472	421	9.8	6.4	6.3	6.7	6.5	5.9
25 years and over	3,640	2,205	2,237	5.6	4.0	4.1	3.6	3.3	3.4
25 to 54 years	2,754	1,680	1,713	5.8	4.2	4.3	3.7	3.5	3.5
25 to 34 years	1,113	700	718	6.6	4.8	4.5	4.1	4.1	4.2
35 to 44 years	872	517	568	5.6	3.7	4.0	3.8	3.2	3.5
45 to 54 years	769	462	427	5.1	4.0	4.3	3.2	3.1	2.8
55 years and over	896	565	548	5.2	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.2	3.1

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,826	870	913	4.0	2.8	2.5	2.3	1.9	2.0
Married women, spouse present(1)	1,599	896	897	4.4	2.8	3.0	2.8	2.5	2.4
Women who maintain families(2)	845	577	527	8.3	6.8	5.9	4.8	5.6	5.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	8,572	5,228	5,367	6.4	4.8	4.6	4.2	3.9	3.9
Part-time workers(4)	1,671	1,123	1,196	6.3	4.2	4.7	4.1	4.2	4.4
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Reason	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Sept. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	7,666	3,044	3,924	6,963	4,002	3,700	3,369	3,095	3,220
On temporary layoff	3,215	834	1,467	2,726	1,083	1,041	875	812	959
Not on temporary layoff	4,452	2,210	2,458	4,237	2,919	2,659	2,493	2,283	2,261
Permanent job losers	3,585	1,622	1,707	3,487	2,243	2,102	1,905	1,703	1,630
Persons who completed temporary jobs	867	588	750	750	676	557	589	580	632
Job leavers	651	676	948	653	792	845	837	724	952
Reentrants	2,039	1,849	1,973	1,998	2,275	2,206	2,154	2,038	1,959
New entrants	494	395	362	545	491	537	452	513	433

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	70.7	51.0	54.5	68.5	52.9	50.8	49.4	48.6	49.1
On temporary layoff	29.6	14.0	20.4	26.8	14.3	14.3	12.8	12.8	14.6
Not on temporary layoff	41.0	37.1	34.1	41.7	38.6	36.5	36.6	35.8	34.5
Job leavers	6.0	11.3	13.1	6.4	10.5	11.6	12.3	11.4	14.5
Reentrants	18.8	31.0	27.4	19.7	30.1	30.3	31.6	32.0	29.8
New entrants	4.6	6.6	5.0	5.4	6.5	7.4	6.6	8.1	6.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	4.8	1.9	2.4	4.3	2.5	2.3	2.1	1.9	2.0
Job leavers	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.6
Reentrants	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.2
New entrants	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Duration	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Sept. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,707	1,884	2,888	2,307	2,227	2,051	1,985	1,977	2,417
5 to 14 weeks	2,716	1,453	1,765	2,454	1,727	1,876	1,703	1,571	1,607
15 weeks and over	5,428	2,626	2,554	5,382	3,711	3,340	3,063	2,788	2,507
15 to 26 weeks	1,354	722	856	1,336	1,047	1,001	870	780	816
27 weeks and over	4,074	1,905	1,698	4,046	2,664	2,339	2,193	2,008	1,691

Average (mean) duration, in weeks	24.3	27.6	23.0	26.1	28.3	26.9	29.1	28.6	24.6
Median duration, in weeks	14.5	10.8	8.5	16.0	13.7	13.0	13.4	12.9	10.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	24.9	31.6	40.1	22.7	29.1	28.2	29.4	31.2	37.0
5 to 14 weeks	25.0	24.4	24.5	24.2	22.5	25.8	25.2	24.8	24.6
15 weeks and over	50.0	44.0	35.4	53.1	48.4	46.0	45.4	44.0	38.4
15 to 26 weeks	12.5	12.1	11.9	13.2	13.7	13.8	12.9	12.3	12.5
27 weeks and over	37.5	31.9	23.6	39.9	34.8	32.2	32.5	31.7	25.9
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
Occupation	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022
Total, 16 years and over(1)	148,383	155,618	10,851	7,207	6.8	4.4
Management, professional, and related occupations	63,886	66,740	2,433	1,583	3.7	2.3
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	27,307	28,536	1,088	623	3.8	2.1
Professional and related occupations	36,580	38,204	1,345	961	3.5	2.5
Service occupations	22,366	24,232	2,887	1,733	11.4	6.7
Sales and office occupations	30,295	31,164	1,983	1,347	6.1	4.1
Sales and related occupations	14,641	14,581	1,036	642	6.6	4.2
Office and administrative support occupations	15,654	16,583	947	705	5.7	4.1
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13,235	13,858	1,417	915	9.7	6.2
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	984	924	140	88	12.4	8.7
Construction and extraction occupations	7,790	8,094	963	689	11.0	7.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,461	4,840	314	139	6.6	2.8
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18,601	19,624	1,626	1,243	8.0	6.0
Production occupations	7,840	7,973	544	455	6.5	5.4
Transportation and material moving occupations	10,761	11,651	1,081	788	9.1	6.3
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
Industry and class of worker	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022
Total, 16 years and over(1)	10,851	7,207	6.8	4.4
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	8,945	5,822	7.1	4.5
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	93	46	14.2	8.4
Construction	938	709	9.4	7.1
Manufacturing	699	549	4.7	3.6
Durable goods	396	305	4.2	3.1
Nondurable goods	303	245	5.6	4.4
Wholesale and retail trade	1,367	956	6.9	4.8
Transportation and utilities	613	365	8.2	4.5
Information	186	102	7.4	4.2
Financial activities	350	196	3.4	1.9
Professional and business services	1,146	835	6.8	4.5
Education and health services	1,059	699	4.3	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,949	1,046	15.9	8.2
Other services	544	317	8.8	4.9
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	153	129	9.4	8.5
Government workers	641	477	3.0	2.2
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	617	416	6.2	4.1
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]
Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Measure	Jan. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Sept. 2021	Oct. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	3.4	1.6	1.6	3.4	2.3	2.1	1.9	1.7	1.5
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	4.8	1.9	2.4	4.3	2.5	2.3	2.1	1.9	2.0
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	6.8	3.7	4.4	6.4	4.7	4.6	4.2	3.9	4.0
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	7.2	4.0	4.7	6.7	5.0	4.8	4.5	4.2	4.2
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	8.0	4.7	5.4	7.5	5.8	5.5	5.1	4.9	4.9
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	12.0	7.2	7.9	11.1	8.5	8.2	7.7	7.3	7.1
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Total		Men		Women
Category	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2022
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	101,618	100,378	41,655	41,748	59,963	58,629
Persons who currently want a job	7,129	5,872	3,381	2,971	3,748	2,901
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	2,053	1,623	1,164	925	889	698
Discouraged workers(2)	638	422	430	320	208	102
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,415	1,200	734	605	681	596

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	6,535	7,337	3,071	3,597	3,463	3,741
Percent of total employed	4.4	4.7	3.9	4.4	5.0	5.1
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,755	4,259	1,934	2,310	1,822	1,949
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,577	1,736	499	591	1,078	1,145
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	240	282	143	152	97	130
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	928	1,017	475	523	453	495
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
Industry	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)	Change from: Dec.2021 - Jan.2022(p)
Total nonfarm	140,974	150,210	150,349	147,525	143,017	148,652	149,162	149,629	467
Total private	119,314	127,659	127,925	125,534	121,229	126,538	127,041	127,485	444
Goods-producing	19,681	20,699	20,610	20,244	20,090	20,598	20,660	20,664	4

Mining and logging	540	587	589	573	546	582	586	582	-4
Logging	48.1	45.4	44.7	44.8	47.6	44.9	44.6	44.6	0.0
Mining	492.3	541.3	544.2	528.1	498.4	536.9	541.2	537.2	-4.0
Oil and gas extraction	113.8	122.7	125.5	118.0	114.3	121.1	121.9	119.1	-2.8
Mining, except oil and gas	169.5	176.7	174.2	171.0	174.0	175.8	176.3	176.1	-0.2
Coal mining	38.0	36.2	36.4	36.7	37.7	36.1	36.5	36.5	0.0
Metal ore mining	40.8	41.9	42.2	42.3	41.1	42.1	42.3	42.5	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	90.7	98.6	95.6	92.0	95.2	97.6	97.5	97.1	-0.4
Support activities for mining	209.0	241.9	244.5	239.1	210.1	240.0	243.0	242.0	-1.0

Construction	7,033	7,582	7,445	7,182	7,360	7,502	7,528	7,523	-5
Construction of buildings	1,585.6	1,679.9	1,666.5	1,633.4	1,630.0	1,669.2	1,678.4	1,682.4	4.0
Residential building	820.6	881.0	875.3	858.3	844.5	875.0	879.7	883.3	3.6
Nonresidential building	765.0	798.9	791.2	775.1	785.5	794.2	798.7	799.1	0.4
Heavy and civil engineering construction	940.9	1,075.7	1,018.5	950.7	1,036.8	1,052.7	1,060.2	1,050.7	-9.5
Specialty trade contractors	4,506.4	4,826.7	4,760.2	4,598.0	4,692.7	4,780.4	4,789.2	4,790.1	0.9
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,080.6	2,226.0	2,192.0	2,128.6	2,154.1	2,206.9	2,202.5	2,203.3	0.8
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,425.8	2,600.7	2,568.2	2,469.4	2,538.6	2,573.5	2,586.7	2,586.8	0.1

Manufacturing	12,108	12,530	12,576	12,489	12,184	12,514	12,546	12,559	13

Durable goods	7,534	7,786	7,817	7,782	7,572	7,785	7,810	7,818	8
Wood products	402.1	417.7	418.4	419.6	402.6	416.5	418.2	420.2	2.0
Nonmetallic mineral products	386.5	407.8	402.7	397.3	399.9	405.0	407.5	410.8	3.3
Primary metals	344.3	355.3	358.1	358.5	344.6	355.4	356.6	358.4	1.8
Fabricated metal products	1,354.6	1,407.1	1,411.0	1,409.7	1,364.8	1,409.5	1,411.6	1,416.6	5.0
Machinery	1,037.6	1,054.7	1,068.2	1,069.7	1,038.8	1,056.6	1,068.1	1,071.7	3.6
Computer and electronic products	1,047.2	1,064.2	1,067.9	1,065.9	1,049.6	1,065.2	1,066.5	1,068.5	2.0
Computer and peripheral equipment	155.6	159.6	159.4	160.1	156.0	159.6	159.5	160.3	0.8
Communications equipment	85.6	84.6	83.9	84.7	85.3	84.8	84.8	84.9	0.1
Semiconductors and electronic components	365.2	371.0	371.4	369.9	365.4	371.4	370.9	371.7	0.8
Electronic instruments	410.5	418.3	422.1	418.9	411.6	418.9	420.3	419.4	-0.9
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	30.3	30.7	31.1	32.3	31.2	30.5	31.1	32.2	1.1
Electrical equipment and appliances	382.8	400.4	401.5	401.2	382.9	400.4	402.1	402.3	0.2
Transportation equipment(1)	1,619.1	1,670.3	1,675.1	1,655.0	1,623.6	1,669.0	1,669.9	1,660.4	-9.5
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	945.6	986.7	991.6	972.4	951.0	983.4	984.1	979.2	-4.9
Furniture and related products	368.3	381.5	385.7	381.2	369.5	381.8	383.5	382.0	-1.5
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	591.2	626.6	628.5	624.3	595.6	625.7	625.8	627.4	1.6

Nondurable goods	4,574	4,744	4,759	4,707	4,612	4,729	4,736	4,741	5
Food manufacturing	1,614.5	1,662.3	1,670.5	1,652.7	1,630.8	1,654.0	1,657.4	1,662.6	5.2
Textile mills	95.4	100.4	100.6	101.2	96.5	100.4	100.8	101.5	0.7
Textile product mills	101.8	104.7	106.1	104.3	101.9	104.2	105.3	104.5	-0.8
Apparel	88.8	94.3	94.8	92.2	90.5	94.4	93.5	93.5	0.0
Paper and paper products	351.1	352.1	351.7	352.0	351.0	351.6	350.4	351.1	0.7
Printing and related support activities	361.9	376.3	378.3	368.4	364.8	372.3	373.5	371.0	-2.5
Petroleum and coal products	102.5	107.0	104.6	99.3	106.2	106.3	104.9	103.1	-1.8
Chemicals	854.8	873.6	880.6	877.8	858.3	875.6	878.9	880.8	1.9
Plastics and rubber products	713.5	733.3	737.5	732.4	711.2	731.9	732.3	732.7	0.4
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	289.8	339.9	333.9	327.0	300.5	338.0	338.6	339.7	1.1

Private service-providing	99,633	106,960	107,315	105,290	101,139	105,940	106,381	106,821	440

Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,215	28,705	29,054	28,288	27,279	28,084	28,169	28,301	132

Wholesale trade	5,581.7	5,741.1	5,762.4	5,737.3	5,611.7	5,731.2	5,751.6	5,768.0	16.4
Durable goods	3,069.0	3,156.6	3,172.2	3,169.6	3,077.5	3,158.6	3,169.4	3,180.1	10.7
Nondurable goods	2,032.7	2,101.4	2,106.5	2,089.1	2,053.8	2,092.8	2,103.3	2,111.0	7.7
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	480.0	483.1	483.7	478.6	480.4	479.8	478.9	476.9	-2.0

Retail trade	15,159.8	15,926.5	16,061.5	15,638.4	15,243.5	15,556.9	15,597.0	15,658.4	61.4
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,902.1	1,948.0	1,944.3	1,930.4	1,923.3	1,949.2	1,950.9	1,951.9	1.0
Automobile dealers	1,211.4	1,225.2	1,225.5	1,219.2	1,218.6	1,225.9	1,227.1	1,226.7	-0.4
Other motor vehicle dealers	149.8	166.3	163.9	159.8	159.8	170.5	170.8	170.7	-0.1
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	540.9	556.5	554.9	551.4	544.8	552.7	553.0	554.5	1.5
Furniture and home furnishings stores	435.0	457.4	461.0	444.8	434.3	445.8	444.5	440.2	-4.3
Electronics and appliance stores	418.3	453.3	454.8	435.7	419.6	430.3	432.2	431.6	-0.6
Building material and garden supply stores	1,356.1	1,355.7	1,352.7	1,337.7	1,418.9	1,386.9	1,390.9	1,396.9	6.0
Food and beverage stores	3,150.1	3,155.7	3,158.9	3,109.3	3,147.6	3,123.2	3,115.9	3,108.4	-7.5
Health and personal care stores	996.7	1,074.1	1,084.1	1,085.2	991.1	1,057.4	1,064.8	1,076.1	11.3
Gasoline stations	921.1	951.5	952.4	944.3	928.3	947.9	950.5	953.6	3.1
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,005.5	1,119.2	1,162.8	1,091.9	995.5	1,062.1	1,064.9	1,073.0	8.1
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	508.9	570.9	564.4	545.2	508.3	537.7	529.7	537.1	7.4
General merchandise stores	3,101.9	3,333.2	3,409.7	3,246.3	3,090.1	3,142.8	3,165.7	3,194.7	29.0
Department stores	950.8	1,046.7	1,078.7	989.9	933.7	946.1	950.7	963.0	12.3
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	2,151.1	2,286.5	2,331.0	2,256.4	2,156.4	2,196.7	2,215.0	2,231.7	16.7
Miscellaneous store retailers	756.2	826.2	834.6	813.9	770.7	820.1	831.4	837.1	5.7
Nonstore retailers	607.9	681.3	681.8	653.7	615.8	653.5	655.6	657.8	2.2

Transportation and warehousing	5,932.1	6,498.1	6,691.2	6,375.7	5,881.1	6,257.4	6,282.7	6,336.9	54.2
Air transportation	438.4	509.0	514.4	519.2	441.1	510.1	517.4	524.2	6.8
Rail transportation	144.7	145.7	146.2	146.2	145.1	145.8	146.4	146.4	0.0
Water transportation	53.6	55.3	56.3	55.3	55.7	56.2	57.1	57.1	0.0
Truck transportation	1,470.1	1,551.0	1,546.2	1,534.2	1,485.3	1,537.6	1,541.7	1,549.2	7.5
Transit and ground passenger transportation	355.0	403.8	405.1	400.0	345.7	386.2	387.8	389.7	1.9
Pipeline transportation	49.2	50.6	51.1	50.8	49.1	50.6	51.1	51.0	-0.1
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	13.8	23.3	22.1	21.2	19.6	26.7	26.1	27.7	1.6
Support activities for transportation	693.2	757.3	763.3	748.2	696.5	746.9	750.9	752.8	1.9
Couriers and messengers	1,127.3	1,238.5	1,414.4	1,162.4	1,065.5	1,094.6	1,089.4	1,110.6	21.2
Warehousing and storage	1,586.8	1,763.6	1,772.1	1,738.2	1,577.5	1,702.7	1,714.8	1,728.2	13.4

Utilities	541.3	538.9	538.5	536.9	542.2	538.7	537.9	538.0	0.1

Information	2,717	2,914	2,924	2,891	2,745	2,904	2,916	2,934	18
Publishing industries, except Internet	776.2	799.4	805.7	803.6	778.9	799.4	803.1	806.8	3.7
Motion picture and sound recording industries	286.4	427.5	428.0	408.1	311.8	422.2	430.2	438.3	8.1
Broadcasting, except Internet	243.1	236.4	234.3	230.9	244.1	234.1	233.9	231.9	-2.0
Telecommunications	681.9	659.2	661.2	651.8	678.9	657.0	654.4	651.3	-3.1
Data processing, hosting and related services	366.6	401.9	404.9	405.4	368.0	401.8	402.4	409.9	7.5
Other information services	362.9	389.1	390.0	390.9	363.5	389.3	392.2	395.3	3.1

Financial activities	8,679	8,865	8,898	8,822	8,732	8,849	8,866	8,875	9
Finance and insurance	6,505.2	6,553.2	6,576.0	6,543.6	6,517.4	6,542.4	6,551.4	6,555.1	3.7
Monetary authorities - central bank	20.7	20.8	20.8	20.6	20.8	20.9	20.7	20.7	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,703.2	2,704.4	2,714.4	2,715.5	2,704.8	2,705.5	2,709.9	2,715.8	5.9
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,755.7	1,728.9	1,732.5	1,733.3	1,756.4	1,732.8	1,732.8	1,733.2	0.4
Commercial banking	1,373.7	1,342.5	1,343.7	1,344.1	1,374.7	1,346.7	1,345.6	1,345.8	0.2
Nondepository credit intermediation	622.6	640.6	645.9	647.2	622.8	639.0	642.8	647.6	4.8
Activities related to credit intermediation	324.9	334.9	336.0	335.0	325.7	333.6	334.4	335.0	0.6
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	970.4	1,014.5	1,019.3	997.2	975.6	1,011.3	1,011.6	1,004.6	-7.0
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,810.9	2,813.5	2,821.5	2,810.3	2,816.2	2,804.7	2,809.2	2,814.0	4.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,173.9	2,311.3	2,322.2	2,278.6	2,214.8	2,306.4	2,314.8	2,320.1	5.3
Real estate	1,690.4	1,785.4	1,795.8	1,761.6	1,715.7	1,777.3	1,784.7	1,787.1	2.4
Rental and leasing services	462.9	505.4	505.7	497.0	478.1	508.7	509.7	512.7	3.0
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	20.6	20.5	20.7	20.0	21.0	20.4	20.4	20.3	-0.1

Professional and business services	20,473	21,983	21,966	21,576	20,800	21,730	21,818	21,904	86
Professional and technical services	9,577.3	10,158.5	10,211.5	10,208.7	9,584.9	10,138.7	10,187.3	10,232.8	45.5
Legal services	1,129.3	1,177.2	1,183.0	1,170.1	1,136.5	1,171.8	1,174.8	1,176.6	1.8
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,061.2	1,043.8	1,075.1	1,106.9	1,007.6	1,071.9	1,075.1	1,068.5	-6.6
Architectural and engineering services	1,491.5	1,584.4	1,589.6	1,577.8	1,508.3	1,580.2	1,590.6	1,599.0	8.4
Specialized design services	135.0	149.0	150.0	145.3	136.4	146.6	148.1	147.3	-0.8
Computer systems design and related services	2,232.5	2,372.9	2,367.3	2,384.2	2,231.7	2,360.2	2,373.0	2,387.8	14.8
Management and technical consulting services	1,560.4	1,711.4	1,720.3	1,711.0	1,573.8	1,695.7	1,704.7	1,720.4	15.7
Scientific research and development services	786.9	845.0	851.4	849.2	793.6	844.7	850.2	853.9	3.7
Advertising and related services	430.8	458.0	463.0	457.1	434.6	457.0	460.0	462.0	2.0
Other professional and technical services	749.7	816.8	811.8	807.1	762.4	810.6	810.7	817.3	6.6
Management of companies and enterprises	2,327.7	2,351.0	2,356.8	2,355.4	2,333.9	2,349.0	2,351.7	2,361.1	9.4
Administrative and waste services	8,568.1	9,473.4	9,397.9	9,011.6	8,881.5	9,241.8	9,278.7	9,309.6	30.9
Administrative and support services	8,123.5	9,005.7	8,930.0	8,556.4	8,430.7	8,779.5	8,816.3	8,848.7	32.4
Office administrative services	523.0	563.1	562.2	562.3	525.8	561.7	562.8	566.1	3.3
Facilities support services	156.1	155.6	154.8	153.5	156.8	155.0	154.5	153.6	-0.9
Employment services(1)	3,353.3	3,894.2	3,922.9	3,702.8	3,466.6	3,724.2	3,760.2	3,786.1	25.9
Temporary help services	2,730.2	3,191.6	3,212.6	3,018.8	2,831.4	3,036.4	3,064.9	3,091.2	26.3
Business support services	823.7	831.2	826.4	810.6	817.5	806.0	800.3	801.7	1.4
Travel arrangement and reservation services	129.8	143.6	143.5	142.8	134.8	143.6	145.9	146.7	0.8
Investigation and security services	900.6	915.6	917.6	901.7	911.6	909.8	911.0	913.4	2.4
Services to buildings and dwellings	1,951.7	2,196.2	2,100.0	1,982.6	2,126.8	2,173.6	2,174.8	2,175.0	0.2
Other support services	285.3	306.2	302.6	300.1	290.7	305.6	306.8	306.1	-0.7
Waste management and remediation services	444.6	467.7	467.9	455.2	450.8	462.3	462.4	460.9	-1.5

Education and health services	23,209	24,155	24,091	23,730	23,378	23,874	23,924	23,953	29
Educational services	3,371.4	3,867.4	3,790.3	3,578.0	3,468.9	3,683.6	3,702.7	3,715.6	12.9
Health care and social assistance	19,837.7	20,287.5	20,300.9	20,151.6	19,908.9	20,189.9	20,221.4	20,237.8	16.4
Health care(3)	15,889.3	16,147.5	16,163.9	16,059.8	15,937.2	16,079.8	16,094.1	16,112.1	18.0
Ambulatory health care services	7,695.1	8,030.2	8,040.6	7,978.7	7,726.5	7,986.8	7,998.3	8,013.0	14.7
Offices of physicians	2,682.5	2,787.7	2,794.7	2,777.5	2,692.5	2,774.5	2,777.7	2,787.4	9.7
Offices of dentists	967.0	1,018.1	1,014.7	1,015.3	971.9	1,012.6	1,015.4	1,019.1	3.7
Offices of other health practitioners	970.7	1,054.0	1,056.5	1,046.8	975.5	1,049.0	1,050.2	1,051.7	1.5
Outpatient care centers	978.2	1,008.9	1,013.9	1,004.9	979.6	1,006.2	1,007.7	1,007.9	0.2
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	298.4	310.5	312.4	311.2	297.3	309.7	310.3	310.1	-0.2
Home health care services	1,492.1	1,538.3	1,534.2	1,511.3	1,501.6	1,522.1	1,523.9	1,522.2	-1.7
Other ambulatory health care services	306.2	312.7	314.2	311.7	308.1	312.8	313.3	314.6	1.3
Hospitals	5,117.6	5,140.8	5,142.3	5,124.4	5,122.3	5,125.6	5,127.6	5,131.0	3.4
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,076.6	2,976.5	2,981.0	2,956.7	3,088.4	2,967.4	2,968.2	2,968.1	-0.1
Nursing care facilities	1,413.1	1,353.3	1,352.1	1,344.4	1,416.7	1,346.0	1,345.1	1,347.2	2.1
Residential mental health facilities	609.5	598.2	599.4	592.2	612.1	597.4	597.9	595.5	-2.4
Community care facilities for the elderly	899.5	870.0	875.3	865.4	903.5	869.4	870.1	869.8	-0.3
Other residential care facilities	154.5	155.0	154.2	154.7	156.0	154.6	155.0	155.7	0.7
Social assistance	3,948.4	4,140.0	4,137.0	4,091.8	3,971.7	4,110.1	4,127.3	4,125.7	-1.6
Individual and family services	2,643.8	2,742.8	2,743.6	2,707.9	2,653.7	2,728.1	2,738.2	2,730.4	-7.8
Emergency and other relief services	189.7	196.8	198.3	195.3	190.5	195.7	195.8	195.4	-0.4
Vocational rehabilitation services	265.4	275.7	275.7	270.7	269.9	275.6	276.0	276.9	0.9
Child day care services	849.5	924.7	919.4	917.9	857.5	910.8	917.4	923.0	5.6

Leisure and hospitality	12,099	14,755	14,795	14,443	12,877	14,919	15,082	15,233	151
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,509.5	2,061.1	2,047.0	1,962.9	1,759.1	2,155.6	2,190.7	2,210.8	20.1
Performing arts and spectator sports	271.1	448.3	445.3	392.8	317.6	438.3	451.8	451.3	-0.5
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	117.2	144.9	146.4	135.4	130.2	145.8	147.1	147.7	0.6
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,121.2	1,467.9	1,455.3	1,434.7	1,311.3	1,571.5	1,591.8	1,611.8	20.0
Accommodation and food services	10,589.7	12,693.5	12,747.8	12,480.3	11,117.6	12,763.2	12,891.4	13,022.2	130.8
Accommodation	1,198.3	1,551.1	1,568.6	1,537.7	1,307.5	1,599.0	1,623.7	1,646.3	22.6
Food services and drinking places	9,391.4	11,142.4	11,179.2	10,942.6	9,810.1	11,164.2	11,267.7	11,375.9	108.2

Other services	5,241	5,583	5,587	5,540	5,328	5,580	5,606	5,621	15
Repair and maintenance	1,291.3	1,397.6	1,393.6	1,388.9	1,312.9	1,395.7	1,404.0	1,407.5	3.5
Personal and laundry services	1,253.6	1,412.9	1,421.2	1,395.9	1,280.7	1,407.5	1,417.3	1,423.6	6.3
Membership associations and organizations	2,696.4	2,772.8	2,772.5	2,755.1	2,734.3	2,776.9	2,784.5	2,790.1	5.6

Government	21,660	22,551	22,424	21,991	21,788	22,114	22,121	22,144	23
Federal	2,866	2,895	2,896	2,861	2,886	2,884	2,875	2,874	-1
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,263.4	2,276.5	2,270.6	2,251.1	2,278.1	2,275.0	2,269.5	2,264.5	-5.0
U.S. Postal Service	602.4	618.3	625.6	610.2	607.8	609.2	605.4	609.6	4.2
State government	5,076	5,401	5,320	5,104	5,154	5,220	5,218	5,209	-9
State government education	2,391.8	2,760.6	2,686.9	2,481.2	2,457.2	2,571.3	2,575.9	2,575.0	-0.9
State government, excluding education	2,684.5	2,640.0	2,632.6	2,622.4	2,697.2	2,648.2	2,641.8	2,634.4	-7.4
Local government	13,718	14,255	14,208	14,026	13,748	14,010	14,028	14,061	33
Local government education	7,539.7	7,943.1	7,931.3	7,791.2	7,440.1	7,659.0	7,676.5	7,705.9	29.4
Local government, excluding education	6,178.7	6,312.1	6,276.5	6,235.0	6,308.2	6,350.5	6,351.7	6,355.2	3.5
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	35.0	34.8	34.7	34.5
Goods-producing	40.2	40.0	40.0	39.8
Mining and logging	45.4	45.0	44.8	44.1
Construction	39.2	39.0	39.0	38.7
Manufacturing	40.5	40.3	40.3	40.2
Durable goods	40.8	40.5	40.5	40.5
Nondurable goods	40.0	40.0	39.9	39.8
Private service-providing	33.9	33.7	33.7	33.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.5	34.5	34.6	34.0
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.2	39.2	39.1
Retail trade	30.7	31.1	31.3	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	39.0	38.2	38.0	37.9
Utilities	42.8	41.7	42.5	42.5
Information	37.4	36.8	36.9	36.9
Financial activities	37.7	37.4	37.4	37.3
Professional and business services	36.9	36.7	36.7	36.7
Education and health services	33.7	33.4	33.4	33.4
Leisure and hospitality	25.8	26.2	26.1	25.8
Other services	32.6	32.3	32.3	32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.3
Durable goods	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.3
Nondurable goods	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)
Total private	$29.93	$31.23	$31.40	$31.63	$1,047.55	$1,086.80	$1,089.58	$1,091.24
Goods-producing	30.34	31.55	31.69	31.88	1,219.67	1,262.00	1,267.60	1,268.82
Mining and logging	34.41	35.58	35.68	35.90	1,562.21	1,601.10	1,598.46	1,583.19
Construction	32.16	33.44	33.61	33.80	1,260.67	1,304.16	1,310.79	1,308.06
Manufacturing	29.07	30.24	30.37	30.56	1,177.34	1,218.67	1,223.91	1,228.51
Durable goods	30.51	31.79	31.91	32.19	1,244.81	1,287.50	1,292.36	1,303.70
Nondurable goods	26.65	27.66	27.79	27.84	1,066.00	1,106.40	1,108.82	1,108.03
Private service-providing	29.83	31.16	31.34	31.58	1,011.24	1,050.09	1,056.16	1,057.93
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25.69	26.79	26.95	27.07	886.31	924.26	932.47	920.38
Wholesale trade	32.99	34.19	34.38	34.37	1,289.91	1,340.25	1,347.70	1,343.87
Retail trade	21.37	22.33	22.46	22.52	656.06	694.46	703.00	682.36
Transportation and warehousing	25.64	27.13	27.28	27.38	999.96	1,036.37	1,036.64	1,037.70
Utilities	44.19	45.33	45.98	46.18	1,891.33	1,890.26	1,954.15	1,962.65
Information	44.36	44.57	44.97	45.57	1,659.06	1,640.18	1,659.39	1,681.53
Financial activities	39.28	40.70	40.83	41.16	1,480.86	1,522.18	1,527.04	1,535.27
Professional and business services	35.59	37.48	37.71	38.03	1,313.27	1,375.52	1,383.96	1,395.70
Education and health services	29.31	30.88	31.06	31.31	987.75	1,031.39	1,037.40	1,045.75
Leisure and hospitality	17.20	19.28	19.43	19.44	443.76	505.14	507.12	501.55
Other services	26.90	28.29	28.43	28.51	876.94	913.77	918.29	918.02
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Industry	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2021 - Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2021 - Jan. 2022(p)
Total private	106.5	110.5	110.7	110.4	-0.3	152.4	165.1	166.1	167.0	0.5
Goods-producing	92.0	93.9	94.2	93.7	-0.5	126.2	133.9	134.9	135.0	0.1
Mining and logging	77.9	82.3	82.5	80.6	-2.3	107.6	117.6	118.2	116.2	-1.7
Construction	99.5	100.9	101.2	100.4	-0.8	139.0	146.5	147.8	147.4	-0.3
Manufacturing	88.8	90.7	91.0	90.8	-0.2	120.0	127.6	128.5	129.1	0.5
Durable goods	87.0	88.8	89.1	89.1	0.0	117.9	125.3	126.2	127.4	1.0
Nondurable goods	92.1	94.4	94.3	94.2	-0.1	124.5	132.5	133.0	133.0	0.0
Private service-providing	110.4	114.9	115.4	115.2	-0.2	160.0	174.1	175.8	176.8	0.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	102.7	105.7	106.3	105.0	-1.2	142.3	152.7	154.6	153.3	-0.8
Wholesale trade	96.8	99.1	99.5	99.5	0.0	133.6	141.7	143.0	143.0	0.0
Retail trade	95.0	98.2	99.1	96.3	-2.8	134.2	145.0	147.1	143.4	-2.5
Transportation and warehousing	131.8	137.3	137.2	138.0	0.6	171.9	189.6	190.4	192.2	0.9
Utilities	100.4	97.2	98.9	98.9	0.0	146.6	145.6	150.3	150.9	0.4
Information	93.8	97.6	98.3	98.9	0.6	148.1	154.9	157.3	160.4	2.0
Financial activities	107.9	108.4	108.6	108.5	-0.1	165.3	172.1	173.0	174.1	0.6
Professional and business services	120.3	125.0	125.5	126.0	0.4	173.4	189.8	191.7	194.1	1.3
Education and health services	128.6	130.2	130.5	130.6	0.1	181.4	193.4	195.0	196.8	0.9
Leisure and hospitality	94.8	111.5	112.3	112.1	-0.2	131.5	173.5	176.1	175.9	-0.1
Other services	100.1	103.9	104.4	104.4	0.0	147.6	161.1	162.7	163.1	0.2
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
Industry	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)
Total nonfarm	71,011	74,037	74,208	74,396	49.7	49.8	49.7	49.7
Total private	58,475	61,250	61,390	61,552	48.2	48.4	48.3	48.3
Goods-producing	4,554	4,703	4,715	4,724	22.7	22.8	22.8	22.9
Mining and logging	74	76	76	75	13.6	13.1	13.0	12.9
Construction	983	1,037	1,044	1,048	13.4	13.8	13.9	13.9
Manufacturing	3,497	3,590	3,595	3,601	28.7	28.7	28.7	28.7
Durable goods	1,849	1,906	1,907	1,913	24.4	24.5	24.4	24.5
Nondurable goods	1,648	1,684	1,688	1,688	35.7	35.6	35.6	35.6
Private service-providing	53,921	56,547	56,675	56,828	53.3	53.4	53.3	53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	10,686	11,104	11,115	11,185	39.2	39.5	39.5	39.5
Wholesale trade	1,676.1	1,728.0	1,734.2	1,737.0	29.9	30.2	30.2	30.1
Retail trade	7,382.9	7,597.2	7,595.7	7,640.7	48.4	48.8	48.7	48.8
Transportation and warehousing	1,492.6	1,643.7	1,649.8	1,672.4	25.4	26.3	26.3	26.4
Utilities	134.4	135.4	135.0	134.9	24.8	25.1	25.1	25.1
Information	1,098	1,150	1,154	1,155	40.0	39.6	39.6	39.4
Financial activities	4,933	4,946	4,955	4,958	56.5	55.9	55.9	55.9
Professional and business services	9,545	10,072	10,110	10,141	45.9	46.4	46.3	46.3
Education and health services	18,001	18,405	18,396	18,379	77.0	77.1	76.9	76.7
Leisure and hospitality	6,840	7,918	7,971	8,023	53.1	53.1	52.9	52.7
Other services	2,818	2,952	2,974	2,987	52.9	52.9	53.1	53.1
Government	12,536	12,787	12,818	12,844	57.5	57.8	57.9	58.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]
Industry	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)
Total private	98,703	103,155	103,515	103,798
Goods-producing	14,316	14,729	14,777	14,784
Mining and logging	392	435	440	434
Construction	5,467	5,563	5,573	5,567
Manufacturing	8,457	8,731	8,764	8,783
Durable goods	5,148	5,352	5,379	5,393
Nondurable goods	3,309	3,379	3,385	3,390
Private service-providing	84,387	88,426	88,738	89,014
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,033	23,738	23,807	23,875
Wholesale trade	4,457.6	4,562.2	4,578.5	4,593.3
Retail trade	12,962.2	13,253.3	13,283.6	13,308.9
Transportation and warehousing	5,182.5	5,493.0	5,515.7	5,544.0
Utilities	430.2	429.5	429.1	429.2
Information	2,163	2,308	2,315	2,326
Financial activities	6,610	6,652	6,670	6,669
Professional and business services	16,689	17,462	17,485	17,515
Education and health services	20,474	20,809	20,833	20,860
Leisure and hospitality	11,106	12,936	13,086	13,227
Other services	4,312	4,521	4,542	4,542
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.2	34.1	33.9
Goods-producing	41.1	40.9	40.9	40.7
Mining and logging	46.5	47.0	46.1	45.3
Construction	39.9	39.7	39.8	39.5
Manufacturing	41.6	41.4	41.3	41.2
Durable goods	41.9	41.5	41.3	41.2
Nondurable goods	41.2	41.4	41.3	41.2
Private service-providing	33.3	33.0	33.0	32.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.5	34.2	34.1	33.8
Wholesale trade	38.8	39.1	39.1	39.0
Retail trade	31.0	30.7	30.6	30.2
Transportation and warehousing	38.9	38.1	37.7	37.5
Utilities	42.6	41.7	42.2	42.4
Information	36.5	36.5	36.5	36.8
Financial activities	37.5	37.3	37.4	37.2
Professional and business services	36.4	36.4	36.3	36.3
Education and health services	32.9	32.5	32.5	32.4
Leisure and hospitality	24.6	25.0	24.9	24.6
Other services	31.5	31.4	31.4	31.1

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1
Durable goods	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.1
Nondurable goods	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.1
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)
Total private	$25.18	$26.55	$26.75	$26.92	$866.19	$908.01	$912.18	$912.59
Goods-producing	25.88	26.99	27.15	27.27	1,063.67	1,103.89	1,110.44	1,109.89
Mining and logging	30.28	31.74	32.13	31.93	1,408.02	1,491.78	1,481.19	1,446.43
Construction	29.71	31.04	31.23	31.44	1,185.43	1,232.29	1,242.95	1,241.88
Manufacturing	23.27	24.24	24.37	24.48	968.03	1,003.54	1,006.48	1,008.58
Durable goods	24.30	25.32	25.47	25.62	1,018.17	1,050.78	1,051.91	1,055.54
Nondurable goods	21.65	22.53	22.61	22.65	891.98	932.74	933.79	933.18
Private service-providing	25.03	26.46	26.67	26.85	833.50	873.18	880.11	880.68
Trade, transportation, and utilities	21.75	23.05	23.23	23.28	750.38	788.31	792.14	786.86
Wholesale trade	27.27	28.26	28.47	28.46	1,058.08	1,104.97	1,113.18	1,109.94
Retail trade	17.97	18.99	19.15	19.24	557.07	582.99	585.99	581.05
Transportation and warehousing	22.96	25.03	25.12	25.05	893.14	953.64	947.02	939.38
Utilities	39.16	40.38	41.19	41.24	1,668.22	1,683.85	1,738.22	1,748.58
Information	36.66	36.87	37.21	38.51	1,338.09	1,345.76	1,358.17	1,417.17
Financial activities	29.90	30.90	30.99	31.15	1,121.25	1,152.57	1,159.03	1,158.78
Professional and business services	29.65	31.46	31.69	31.98	1,079.26	1,145.14	1,150.35	1,160.87
Education and health services	26.12	27.97	28.26	28.44	859.35	909.03	918.45	921.46
Leisure and hospitality	14.85	16.95	17.15	17.08	365.31	423.75	427.04	420.17
Other services	22.98	24.19	24.30	24.43	723.87	759.57	763.02	759.77
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Industry	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2021 - Jan. 2022(p)	Jan. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021(p)	Jan. 2022(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2021 - Jan. 2022(p)
Total private	113.1	117.6	117.6	117.3	-0.3	190.4	208.6	210.3	211.0	0.3
Goods-producing	89.9	92.1	92.4	91.9	-0.5	142.5	152.1	153.5	153.5	0.0
Mining and logging	96.9	108.6	107.8	104.5	-3.1	170.6	200.6	201.4	194.0	-3.7
Construction	109.2	110.6	111.1	110.1	-0.9	175.2	185.3	187.3	186.9	-0.2
Manufacturing	80.8	83.0	83.1	83.1	0.0	122.9	131.5	132.4	133.0	0.5
Durable goods	81.0	83.4	83.5	83.5	0.0	122.9	131.9	132.7	133.5	0.6
Nondurable goods	80.3	82.4	82.4	82.3	-0.1	122.9	131.2	131.6	131.7	0.1
Private service-providing	119.7	124.3	124.8	124.4	-0.3	205.6	225.6	228.2	229.1	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	111.1	113.5	113.5	112.9	-0.5	172.7	187.0	188.5	187.7	-0.4
Wholesale trade	102.6	105.9	106.2	106.3	0.1	165.2	176.6	178.5	178.6	0.1
Retail trade	101.7	103.0	102.9	101.7	-1.2	156.6	167.6	168.8	167.7	-0.7
Transportation and warehousing	152.6	158.4	157.4	157.3	-0.1	223.0	252.3	251.6	250.9	-0.3
Utilities	93.7	91.6	92.6	93.1	0.5	153.2	154.4	159.2	160.2	0.6
Information	90.1	96.2	96.4	97.7	1.3	163.5	175.5	177.7	186.3	4.8
Financial activities	116.7	116.8	117.4	116.8	-0.5	214.6	222.0	223.8	223.8	0.0
Professional and business services	135.8	142.1	141.9	142.2	0.2	239.5	265.9	267.4	270.3	1.1
Education and health services	143.6	144.2	144.4	144.1	-0.2	247.6	266.2	269.3	270.5	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	100.1	118.5	119.4	119.2	-0.2	168.8	228.0	232.5	231.2	-0.6
Other services	95.3	99.6	100.0	99.1	-0.9	159.5	175.5	177.1	176.3	-0.5
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Last Modified Date: February 04, 2022