Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until                  USDL-18-0916
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 1, 2018

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MAY 2018


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 223,000 in May, and the unemployment rate edged 
down to 3.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued 
to trend up in several industries, including retail trade, health care, and construction.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate edged down to 3.8 percent in May, and the number of unemployed persons 
declined to 6.1 million. Over the year, the unemployment rate was down by 0.5 percentage point, 
and the number of unemployed persons declined by 772,000. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent), Blacks 
(5.9 percent), and Asians (2.1 percent) decreased in May. The jobless rates for adult women 
(3.3 percent), teenagers (12.8 percent), Whites (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.9 percent) 
changed little over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 
1.2 million in May and accounted for 19.4 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12 months, 
the number of long-term unemployed has declined by 476,000. (See table A-12.)

Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.7 percent, and the employment-population ratio, 
at 60.4 percent, changed little in May. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 
involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 4.9 million in May. These 
individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because 
their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.5 million in May, was little 
different from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were 
not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime 
in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for 
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 378,000 discouraged workers in May, little changed 
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons 
not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The 
remaining 1.1 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in May had not searched 
for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 223,000 in May, compared with an average monthly 
gain of 191,000 over the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment continued to trend up in 
several industries, including retail trade, health care, and construction. (See table B-1.)

In May, retail trade added 31,000 jobs, with gains occurring in general merchandise stores 
(+13,000) and in building material and garden supply stores (+6,000). Over the year, retail 
trade has added 125,000 jobs.

Employment in health care rose by 29,000 in May, about in line with the average monthly gain 
over the prior 12 months. Ambulatory health care services added 18,000 jobs over the month, 
and employment in hospitals continued to trend up (+6,000).  

Employment in construction continued on an upward trend in May (+25,000) and has risen by 
286,000 over the past 12 months. Within the industry, nonresidential specialty trade 
contractors added 15,000 jobs over the month.

Employment in professional and technical services continued to trend up in May (+23,000) and 
has risen by 206,000 over the year.

Transportation and warehousing added 19,000 jobs over the month and 156,000 over the year. In 
May, job gains occurred in warehousing and storage (+7,000) and in couriers and messengers 
(+5,000).

Manufacturing employment continued to expand over the month (+18,000). Durable goods accounted 
for most of the change, including an increase of 6,000 jobs in machinery. Manufacturing 
employment has risen by 259,000 over the year, with about three-fourths of the growth in 
durable goods industries. 

Mining added 6,000 jobs in May. Since a recent low point in October 2016, employment in mining 
has grown by 91,000, with support activities for mining accounting for nearly all of the 
increase.

In May, employment changed little in other major industries, including wholesale trade, 
information, financial activities, leisure and hospitality, and government. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours 
in May. In manufacturing, the workweek decreased by 0.2 hour to 40.8 hours, and overtime edged 
down by 0.2 hour to 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees 
on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 8 cents 
to $26.92. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 71 cents, or 2.7 percent. 
Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 
7 cents to $22.59 in May. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised up from +135,000 to 
+155,000, and the change for April was revised down from +164,000 to +159,000. With these 
revisions, employment gains in March and April combined were 15,000 more than previously 
reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 
government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal 
factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 179,000 over the last 3 months.

_____________
The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 6, 2018, at 
8:30 a.m. (EDT).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018	Change from: Apr. 2018- May 2018
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	254,767	257,097	257,272	257,454	182
Civilian labor force	159,729	161,763	161,527	161,539	12
Participation rate	62.7	62.9	62.8	62.7	-0.1
Employed	152,892	155,178	155,181	155,474	293
Employment-population ratio	60.0	60.4	60.3	60.4	0.1
Unemployed	6,837	6,585	6,346	6,065	-281
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.1	3.9	3.8	-0.1
Not in labor force	95,038	95,335	95,745	95,915	170
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.3	4.1	3.9	3.8	-0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Adult women (20 years and over)	4.0	3.7	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	14.1	13.5	12.9	12.8	-0.1
White	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Black or African American	7.6	6.9	6.6	5.9	-0.7
Asian	3.6	3.1	2.8	2.1	-0.7
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.2	5.1	4.8	4.9	0.1
Total, 25 years and over	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.0	-0.3
Less than a high school diploma	6.2	5.5	5.9	5.4	-0.5
High school graduates, no college	4.7	4.3	4.3	3.9	-0.4
Some college or associate degree	4.0	3.6	3.5	3.2	-0.3
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,333	3,146	2,958	2,854	-104
Job leavers	798	864	815	852	37
Reentrants	2,100	1,967	2,009	1,882	-127
New entrants	658	625	623	571	-52
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,123	2,287	2,115	2,034	-81
5 to 14 weeks	1,958	2,009	2,017	1,945	-72
15 to 26 weeks	1,123	880	1,036	977	-59
27 weeks and over	1,665	1,322	1,293	1,189	-104
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	5,268	5,019	4,985	4,948	-37
Slack work or business conditions	3,058	3,005	2,994	3,004	10
Could only find part-time work	1,764	1,625	1,586	1,480	-106
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,018	21,399	21,258	21,095	-163
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,475	1,454	1,362	1,455	-
Discouraged workers	355	450	408	378	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	155	155	159	223
Total private	165	153	162	218
Goods-producing	15	26	53	47
Mining and logging	4	8	7	4
Construction	7	-3	21	25
Manufacturing	4	21	25	18
Durable goods(1)	5	19	19	15
Motor vehicles and parts	-1.2	-0.2	0.3	-4.4
Nondurable goods	-1	2	6	3
Private service-providing	150	127	109	171
Wholesale trade	-0.4	9.8	-11.4	4.2
Retail trade	-10.0	11.4	8.8	31.1
Transportation and warehousing	20.4	19.7	1.6	18.7
Utilities	-1.4	-0.5	1.4	-1.1
Information	-4	6	4	6
Financial activities	11	5	3	8
Professional and business services(1)	57	41	43	31
Temporary help services	17.2	-3.0	9.2	-7.8
Education and health services(1)	36	29	33	39
Health care and social assistance	24.8	34.5	29.1	31.7
Leisure and hospitality	26	2	12	21
Other services	16	3	14	13
Government	-10	2	-3	5
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	134	218	213	179
Total private	136	221	212	178
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.5	49.6	49.6	49.6
Total private women employees	48.1	48.2	48.2	48.2
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.4	82.4	82.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.5	34.5	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$26.21	$26.80	$26.84	$26.92
Average weekly earnings	$901.62	$924.60	$925.98	$928.74
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	107.1	109.1	109.2	109.4
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	134.1	139.7	140.1	140.8
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.5
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (258 industries)	56.8	65.3	64.0	67.6
Manufacturing (76 industries)	44.7	64.5	61.8	63.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 651,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-65,000 to +165,000 (50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2017	Apr. 2018	May 2018	May 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	254,767	257,272	257,454	254,767	256,780	256,934	257,097	257,272	257,454
Civilian labor force	159,979	161,280	161,765	159,729	161,115	161,921	161,763	161,527	161,539
Participation rate	62.8	62.7	62.8	62.7	62.7	63.0	62.9	62.8	62.7
Employed	153,407	155,348	156,009	152,892	154,430	155,215	155,178	155,181	155,474
Employment-population ratio	60.2	60.4	60.6	60.0	60.1	60.4	60.4	60.3	60.4
Unemployed	6,572	5,932	5,756	6,837	6,684	6,706	6,585	6,346	6,065
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.7	3.6	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.8
Not in labor force	94,788	95,992	95,689	95,038	95,665	95,012	95,335	95,745	95,915
Persons who currently want a job	5,976	5,010	5,696	5,475	5,171	5,131	5,096	5,115	5,183
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	123,120	124,418	124,509	123,120	124,173	124,250	124,331	124,418	124,509
Civilian labor force	85,007	85,965	86,309	84,852	85,931	86,267	86,169	86,152	86,157
Participation rate	69.0	69.1	69.3	68.9	69.2	69.4	69.3	69.2	69.2
Employed	81,572	82,610	83,103	81,272	82,274	82,685	82,630	82,611	82,784
Employment-population ratio	66.3	66.4	66.7	66.0	66.3	66.5	66.5	66.4	66.5
Unemployed	3,436	3,355	3,206	3,581	3,658	3,582	3,539	3,541	3,373
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.9	3.7	4.2	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.1	3.9
Not in labor force	38,113	38,453	38,201	38,268	38,242	37,983	38,162	38,266	38,352
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	114,627	115,921	116,017	114,627	115,669	115,748	115,832	115,921	116,017
Civilian labor force	82,130	83,225	83,458	81,915	82,928	83,309	83,200	83,199	83,234
Participation rate	71.6	71.8	71.9	71.5	71.7	72.0	71.8	71.8	71.7
Employed	79,126	80,242	80,698	78,794	79,705	80,213	80,113	80,111	80,329
Employment-population ratio	69.0	69.2	69.6	68.7	68.9	69.3	69.2	69.1	69.2
Unemployed	3,004	2,983	2,761	3,120	3,223	3,096	3,087	3,088	2,905
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.5
Not in labor force	32,497	32,697	32,559	32,712	32,741	32,440	32,632	32,723	32,783
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	131,647	132,853	132,944	131,647	132,607	132,684	132,766	132,853	132,944
Civilian labor force	74,972	75,314	75,456	74,877	75,183	75,654	75,594	75,375	75,382
Participation rate	56.9	56.7	56.8	56.9	56.7	57.0	56.9	56.7	56.7
Employed	71,835	72,738	72,907	71,620	72,157	72,530	72,548	72,569	72,690
Employment-population ratio	54.6	54.8	54.8	54.4	54.4	54.7	54.6	54.6	54.7
Unemployed	3,136	2,576	2,549	3,257	3,027	3,124	3,046	2,805	2,692
Unemployment rate	4.2	3.4	3.4	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.7	3.6
Not in labor force	56,675	57,539	57,488	56,770	57,423	57,030	57,172	57,479	57,562
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	123,386	124,579	124,674	123,386	124,328	124,407	124,491	124,579	124,674
Civilian labor force	72,085	72,573	72,599	71,979	72,210	72,565	72,610	72,498	72,493
Participation rate	58.4	58.3	58.2	58.3	58.1	58.3	58.3	58.2	58.1
Employed	69,340	70,266	70,341	69,087	69,583	69,828	69,916	69,992	70,077
Employment-population ratio	56.2	56.4	56.4	56.0	56.0	56.1	56.2	56.2	56.2
Unemployed	2,745	2,307	2,258	2,892	2,627	2,737	2,695	2,506	2,415
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.2	3.1	4.0	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.3
Not in labor force	51,300	52,006	52,075	51,407	52,118	51,842	51,880	52,081	52,181
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,754	16,771	16,763	16,754	16,783	16,778	16,774	16,771	16,763
Civilian labor force	5,764	5,482	5,707	5,836	5,977	6,048	5,952	5,831	5,812
Participation rate	34.4	32.7	34.0	34.8	35.6	36.0	35.5	34.8	34.7
Employed	4,941	4,840	4,970	5,010	5,143	5,174	5,149	5,078	5,068
Employment-population ratio	29.5	28.9	29.7	29.9	30.6	30.8	30.7	30.3	30.2
Unemployed	823	642	737	825	834	874	803	752	745
Unemployment rate	14.3	11.7	12.9	14.1	13.9	14.4	13.5	12.9	12.8
Not in labor force	10,991	11,290	11,056	10,919	10,806	10,731	10,822	10,941	10,951
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2017	Apr. 2018	May 2018	May 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	198,775	199,950	200,039	198,775	199,738	199,799	199,871	199,950	200,039
Civilian labor force	124,722	125,488	125,848	124,529	125,334	125,930	125,714	125,731	125,688
Participation rate	62.7	62.8	62.9	62.6	62.7	63.0	62.9	62.9	62.8
Employed	120,375	121,358	121,788	119,895	120,886	121,274	121,236	121,233	121,303
Employment-population ratio	60.6	60.7	60.9	60.3	60.5	60.7	60.7	60.6	60.6
Unemployed	4,346	4,130	4,060	4,634	4,447	4,656	4,478	4,498	4,385
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.5
Not in labor force	74,053	74,462	74,191	74,246	74,405	73,869	74,157	74,219	74,350
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,380	65,988	66,049	65,216	65,732	65,948	65,928	65,982	65,890
Participation rate	72.0	72.1	72.1	71.8	71.9	72.1	72.1	72.1	72.0
Employed	63,293	63,848	64,113	62,983	63,510	63,683	63,734	63,746	63,785
Employment-population ratio	69.7	69.8	70.0	69.3	69.5	69.6	69.7	69.7	69.7
Unemployed	2,087	2,140	1,936	2,233	2,222	2,265	2,194	2,235	2,106
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.2	2.9	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,933	55,210	55,277	54,834	54,896	55,243	55,176	55,179	55,197
Participation rate	57.5	57.4	57.5	57.4	57.2	57.5	57.4	57.4	57.4
Employed	53,169	53,641	53,681	52,930	53,255	53,448	53,385	53,429	53,450
Employment-population ratio	55.6	55.8	55.8	55.4	55.5	55.7	55.6	55.6	55.6
Unemployed	1,764	1,568	1,595	1,904	1,641	1,795	1,791	1,750	1,747
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.8	2.9	3.5	3.0	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,408	4,290	4,522	4,478	4,705	4,738	4,610	4,570	4,601
Participation rate	35.7	34.8	36.7	36.3	38.1	38.4	37.4	37.1	37.3
Employed	3,914	3,868	3,994	3,981	4,121	4,143	4,117	4,057	4,068
Employment-population ratio	31.7	31.4	32.4	32.3	33.4	33.6	33.4	32.9	33.0
Unemployed	495	421	528	497	584	595	492	512	533
Unemployment rate	11.2	9.8	11.7	11.1	12.4	12.6	10.7	11.2	11.6
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,193	32,672	32,704	32,193	32,575	32,607	32,638	32,672	32,704
Civilian labor force	20,082	20,172	20,292	20,088	20,211	20,495	20,466	20,220	20,296
Participation rate	62.4	61.7	62.0	62.4	62.0	62.9	62.7	61.9	62.1
Employed	18,593	18,953	19,145	18,560	18,663	19,087	19,051	18,892	19,092
Employment-population ratio	57.8	58.0	58.5	57.7	57.3	58.5	58.4	57.8	58.4
Unemployed	1,489	1,219	1,147	1,528	1,548	1,408	1,415	1,328	1,204
Unemployment rate	7.4	6.0	5.7	7.6	7.7	6.9	6.9	6.6	5.9
Not in labor force	12,111	12,500	12,412	12,105	12,364	12,112	12,172	12,452	12,408
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,103	9,248	9,407	9,093	9,254	9,438	9,314	9,257	9,382
Participation rate	67.8	67.6	68.7	67.7	67.9	69.2	68.2	67.7	68.5
Employed	8,511	8,681	8,840	8,477	8,564	8,880	8,749	8,663	8,792
Employment-population ratio	63.3	63.5	64.6	63.1	62.9	65.1	64.1	63.3	64.2
Unemployed	593	567	567	616	690	558	564	594	590
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.1	6.0	6.8	7.5	5.9	6.1	6.4	6.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,178	10,239	10,207	10,207	10,197	10,254	10,337	10,229	10,233
Participation rate	62.7	62.1	61.8	62.8	62.0	62.3	62.7	62.0	62.0
Employed	9,497	9,764	9,757	9,504	9,524	9,622	9,713	9,707	9,754
Employment-population ratio	58.5	59.2	59.1	58.5	57.9	58.5	59.0	58.9	59.1
Unemployed	681	475	450	703	673	632	624	522	479
Unemployment rate	6.7	4.6	4.4	6.9	6.6	6.2	6.0	5.1	4.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	801	685	678	788	759	803	816	734	681
Participation rate	31.9	27.4	27.1	31.4	30.3	32.0	32.6	29.3	27.3
Employed	586	508	548	579	575	584	588	521	547
Employment-population ratio	23.3	20.3	21.9	23.1	22.9	23.3	23.5	20.8	21.9
Unemployed	215	177	130	209	185	219	227	213	135
Unemployment rate	26.8	25.8	19.2	26.5	24.3	27.2	27.9	29.0	19.8
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	15,433	15,933	15,874	15,433	15,731	15,792	15,983	15,933	15,874
Civilian labor force	9,818	10,034	9,932	9,817	9,885	9,908	10,092	10,034	9,932
Participation rate	63.6	63.0	62.6	63.6	62.8	62.7	63.1	63.0	62.6
Employed	9,479	9,765	9,732	9,466	9,584	9,617	9,780	9,755	9,720
Employment-population ratio	61.4	61.3	61.3	61.3	60.9	60.9	61.2	61.2	61.2
Unemployed	339	269	201	351	300	291	313	280	212
Unemployment rate	3.5	2.7	2.0	3.6	3.0	2.9	3.1	2.8	2.1
Not in labor force	5,615	5,898	5,941	5,616	5,846	5,884	5,891	5,898	5,942
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2017	Apr. 2018	May 2018	May 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	41,241	42,507	42,592	41,241	42,249	42,335	42,419	42,507	42,592
Civilian labor force	27,218	28,193	28,209	27,230	27,826	28,021	27,922	28,229	28,205
Participation rate	66.0	66.3	66.2	66.0	65.9	66.2	65.8	66.4	66.2
Employed	25,939	26,970	26,954	25,827	26,432	26,646	26,500	26,860	26,827
Employment-population ratio	62.9	63.4	63.3	62.6	62.6	62.9	62.5	63.2	63.0
Unemployed	1,279	1,223	1,255	1,403	1,393	1,375	1,421	1,368	1,378
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.3	4.4	5.2	5.0	4.9	5.1	4.8	4.9
Not in labor force	14,024	14,314	14,383	14,011	14,423	14,315	14,497	14,278	14,387
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	14,932	15,517	15,444	14,934	15,320	15,319	15,370	15,535	15,444
Participation rate	80.4	80.9	80.3	80.4	80.4	80.2	80.3	81.0	80.3
Employed	14,357	14,949	14,903	14,302	14,659	14,723	14,688	14,901	14,845
Employment-population ratio	77.3	77.9	77.5	77.0	76.9	77.1	76.7	77.7	77.2
Unemployed	575	568	541	632	661	595	682	635	599
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.7	3.5	4.2	4.3	3.9	4.4	4.1	3.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,066	11,437	11,535	11,054	11,257	11,410	11,230	11,398	11,507
Participation rate	58.7	59.0	59.3	58.7	58.4	59.1	58.0	58.8	59.2
Employed	10,512	10,929	10,990	10,454	10,737	10,815	10,677	10,856	10,917
Employment-population ratio	55.8	56.3	56.5	55.5	55.7	56.0	55.2	56.0	56.2
Unemployed	554	508	545	600	520	595	553	541	590
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.4	4.7	5.4	4.6	5.2	4.9	4.7	5.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,220	1,239	1,231	1,242	1,249	1,292	1,321	1,296	1,254
Participation rate	31.8	31.6	31.3	32.4	32.0	33.0	33.7	33.0	31.9
Employed	1,070	1,091	1,061	1,071	1,036	1,108	1,135	1,103	1,065
Employment-population ratio	27.9	27.8	27.0	27.9	26.5	28.3	29.0	28.1	27.1
Unemployed	150	148	169	172	213	184	186	192	189
Unemployment rate	12.3	11.9	13.7	13.8	17.0	14.2	14.1	14.8	15.1
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2017	Apr. 2018	May 2018	May 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,620	10,438	10,519	10,327	10,274	10,258	10,234	10,285	10,242
Participation rate	46.5	46.6	46.4	45.2	44.8	46.8	45.7	45.9	45.2
Employed	10,038	9,836	10,035	9,684	9,715	9,673	9,666	9,683	9,688
Employment-population ratio	43.9	43.9	44.2	42.4	42.3	44.1	43.2	43.3	42.7
Unemployed	582	603	484	643	559	584	568	602	554
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.8	4.6	6.2	5.4	5.7	5.5	5.9	5.4
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,127	35,538	35,886	35,982	35,735	36,092	35,863	35,468	35,702
Participation rate	57.9	57.0	57.5	57.7	57.5	57.5	57.1	56.9	57.2
Employed	34,535	34,086	34,585	34,296	34,134	34,487	34,305	33,940	34,306
Employment-population ratio	55.4	54.7	55.4	55.0	54.9	55.0	54.6	54.5	54.9
Unemployed	1,592	1,451	1,301	1,685	1,601	1,604	1,559	1,528	1,395
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.1	3.6	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.3	3.9
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,187	38,056	37,732	37,425	37,863	37,573	37,589	37,944	37,921
Participation rate	65.4	65.6	65.4	65.9	66.0	65.5	65.6	65.5	65.7
Employed	35,786	36,818	36,596	35,929	36,566	36,248	36,241	36,629	36,694
Employment-population ratio	63.0	63.5	63.4	63.2	63.7	63.2	63.2	63.2	63.6
Unemployed	1,401	1,238	1,135	1,496	1,297	1,325	1,348	1,315	1,228
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.3	3.0	4.0	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.2
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	55,146	56,823	56,850	55,089	55,922	56,669	56,785	56,794	56,739
Participation rate	74.0	74.2	74.2	73.9	73.4	73.7	74.2	74.2	74.1
Employed	53,978	55,735	55,809	53,812	54,720	55,386	55,534	55,616	55,593
Employment-population ratio	72.4	72.8	72.8	72.2	71.8	72.0	72.6	72.6	72.6
Unemployed	1,168	1,088	1,040	1,277	1,202	1,283	1,252	1,178	1,147
Unemployment rate	2.1	1.9	1.8	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.0
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	May 2017	May 2018	May 2017	May 2018	May 2017	May 2018
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	20,593	19,247	18,565	17,384	2,028	1,863
Civilian labor force	10,036	9,388	8,868	8,291	1,169	1,097
Participation rate	48.7	48.8	47.8	47.7	57.6	58.9
Employed	9,697	9,065	8,573	7,997	1,123	1,068
Employment-population ratio	47.1	47.1	46.2	46.0	55.4	57.3
Unemployed	340	323	294	294	45	29
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.9	2.7
Not in labor force	10,557	9,859	9,697	9,093	859	766
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,156	4,143	3,397	3,448	759	695
Civilian labor force	3,300	3,296	2,760	2,799	540	497
Participation rate	79.4	79.5	81.3	81.2	71.1	71.4
Employed	3,149	3,158	2,628	2,686	521	472
Employment-population ratio	75.8	76.2	77.4	77.9	68.6	67.9
Unemployed	151	138	132	113	19	25
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.2	4.8	4.0	3.5	5.0
Not in labor force	856	847	637	649	220	199
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,279	3,074	2,811	2,579	468	495
Civilian labor force	2,560	2,369	2,218	2,026	343	343
Participation rate	78.1	77.1	78.9	78.6	73.2	69.2
Employed	2,494	2,325	2,171	1,983	323	341
Employment-population ratio	76.1	75.6	77.2	76.9	69.0	69.0
Unemployed	66	44	46	43	20	1
Unemployment rate	2.6	1.9	2.1	2.1	5.8	0.3
Not in labor force	719	705	594	553	125	152
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	8,106	7,679	7,813	7,418	293	261
Civilian labor force	1,828	1,609	1,783	1,556	45	53
Participation rate	22.5	20.9	22.8	21.0	15.3	20.2
Employed	1,766	1,540	1,721	1,488	45	53
Employment-population ratio	21.8	20.1	22.0	20.1	15.3	20.2
Unemployed	62	68	62	68	0	0
Unemployment rate	3.4	4.3	3.5	4.4	-	-
Not in labor force	6,278	6,070	6,030	5,862	248	208
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,052	4,351	4,544	3,939	508	412
Civilian labor force	2,349	2,115	2,107	1,909	242	205
Participation rate	46.5	48.6	46.4	48.5	47.6	49.9
Employed	2,288	2,042	2,053	1,840	235	202
Employment-population ratio	45.3	46.9	45.2	46.7	46.3	49.0
Unemployed	61	73	54	69	7	4
Unemployment rate	2.6	3.5	2.6	3.6	2.7	1.8
Not in labor force	2,703	2,236	2,437	2,030	266	207
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	225,332	229,354	100,141	102,624	125,191	126,731
Civilian labor force	147,854	150,404	75,159	77,026	72,695	73,378
Participation rate	65.6	65.6	75.1	75.1	58.1	57.9
Employed	141,908	145,268	72,152	74,297	69,755	70,972
Employment-population ratio	63.0	63.3	72.1	72.4	55.7	56.0
Unemployed	5,946	5,136	3,007	2,730	2,939	2,406
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.4	4.0	3.5	4.0	3.3
Not in labor force	77,478	78,950	24,982	25,597	52,496	53,353
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	May 2017	May 2018	May 2017	May 2018
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,732	30,424	224,035	227,030
Civilian labor force	6,326	6,128	153,653	155,637
Participation rate	20.6	20.1	68.6	68.6
Employed	5,722	5,697	147,685	150,313
Employment-population ratio	18.6	18.7	65.9	66.2
Unemployed	604	431	5,968	5,324
Unemployment rate	9.5	7.0	3.9	3.4
Not in labor force	24,406	24,296	70,382	71,393
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,722	2,584	76,969	78,114
Participation rate	34.4	34.5	82.6	83.0
Employed	2,457	2,362	73,958	75,311
Employment-population ratio	31.0	31.6	79.4	80.0
Unemployed	265	222	3,011	2,803
Unemployment rate	9.7	8.6	3.9	3.6
Not in labor force	5,194	4,900	16,160	16,035
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,565	2,396	68,046	68,564
Participation rate	31.0	30.0	70.8	70.8
Employed	2,279	2,225	65,362	66,301
Employment-population ratio	27.5	27.9	68.0	68.5
Unemployed	286	170	2,684	2,263
Unemployment rate	11.2	7.1	3.9	3.3
Not in labor force	5,716	5,578	28,042	28,239
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,039	1,148	8,637	8,960
Participation rate	7.2	7.7	24.8	24.8
Employed	986	1,110	8,364	8,701
Employment-population ratio	6.8	7.4	24.0	24.1
Unemployed	53	39	273	259
Unemployment rate	5.1	3.4	3.2	2.9
Not in labor force	13,495	13,818	26,181	27,120
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	May 2017	May 2018	May 2017	May 2018	May 2017	May 2018
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	41,390	42,732	20,132	20,682	21,259	22,050
Civilian labor force	27,315	27,923	15,737	16,088	11,578	11,835
Participation rate	66.0	65.3	78.2	77.8	54.5	53.7
Employed	26,290	27,086	15,258	15,674	11,031	11,412
Employment-population ratio	63.5	63.4	75.8	75.8	51.9	51.8
Unemployed	1,025	837	479	414	547	423
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.0	3.0	2.6	4.7	3.6
Not in labor force	14,075	14,809	4,395	4,594	9,680	10,215
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	213,377	214,722	102,989	103,827	110,388	110,895
Civilian labor force	132,664	133,842	69,271	70,221	63,393	63,621
Participation rate	62.2	62.3	67.3	67.6	57.4	57.4
Employed	127,117	128,924	66,314	67,428	60,804	61,495
Employment-population ratio	59.6	60.0	64.4	64.9	55.1	55.5
Unemployed	5,547	4,919	2,957	2,792	2,590	2,126
Unemployment rate	4.2	3.7	4.3	4.0	4.1	3.3
Not in labor force	80,713	80,880	33,718	33,606	46,995	47,273
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2017	Apr. 2018	May 2018	May 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,564	2,230	2,412	2,478	2,513	2,474	2,314	2,294	2,345
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,676	1,438	1,604	1,637	1,712	1,679	1,495	1,517	1,573
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	865	759	776	822	781	768	803	745	742
Unpaid family workers	23	33	32	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	150,843	153,119	153,598	150,516	151,894	152,713	152,747	152,889	153,211
Wage and salary workers(1)	142,130	144,009	144,424	141,928	142,828	143,656	143,688	143,785	144,124
Government	21,015	21,453	21,253	20,800	20,815	20,986	20,957	21,222	21,045
Private industries	121,115	122,556	123,170	121,101	122,022	122,693	122,761	122,616	123,090
Private households	655	780	773	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	120,460	121,776	122,398	120,440	121,349	121,957	121,977	121,858	122,319
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,660	9,039	9,112	8,589	8,991	8,944	8,990	8,995	9,013
Unpaid family workers	53	70	61	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,038	4,734	4,739	5,268	4,989	5,160	5,019	4,985	4,948
Slack work or business conditions	2,921	2,867	2,875	3,058	3,009	3,302	3,005	2,994	3,004
Could only find part-time work	1,860	1,573	1,542	1,764	1,663	1,541	1,625	1,586	1,480
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,373	22,132	21,433	21,018	20,867	21,061	21,399	21,258	21,095
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,994	4,631	4,677	5,202	4,926	5,091	4,944	4,898	4,872
Slack work or business conditions	2,900	2,799	2,831	3,017	2,965	3,258	2,940	2,923	2,948
Could only find part-time work	1,853	1,559	1,529	1,754	1,659	1,533	1,619	1,575	1,464
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,060	21,763	21,074	20,703	20,434	20,641	20,999	20,891	20,766
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2017	Apr. 2018	May 2018	May 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	153,407	155,348	156,009	152,892	154,430	155,215	155,178	155,181	155,474
16 to 19 years	4,941	4,840	4,970	5,010	5,143	5,174	5,149	5,078	5,068
16 to 17 years	1,802	1,642	1,676	1,885	1,915	1,915	1,892	1,838	1,771
18 to 19 years	3,138	3,198	3,294	3,145	3,221	3,293	3,261	3,257	3,285
20 years and over	148,466	150,508	151,039	147,882	149,287	150,041	150,028	150,102	150,406
20 to 24 years	14,130	14,034	14,014	14,183	14,153	14,213	14,334	14,172	14,069
25 years and over	134,337	136,475	137,025	133,714	135,129	135,856	135,779	135,906	136,373
25 to 54 years	98,867	100,206	100,445	98,523	99,674	100,120	100,051	99,965	100,105
25 to 34 years	34,291	35,157	35,353	34,180	34,768	34,975	35,106	35,083	35,221
35 to 44 years	31,929	32,670	32,596	31,821	32,380	32,503	32,462	32,614	32,492
45 to 54 years	32,647	32,379	32,496	32,522	32,526	32,642	32,484	32,268	32,392
55 years and over	35,469	36,269	36,580	35,191	35,455	35,735	35,728	35,941	36,268
Men, 16 years and over	81,572	82,610	83,103	81,272	82,274	82,685	82,630	82,611	82,784
16 to 19 years	2,446	2,368	2,405	2,477	2,569	2,472	2,517	2,500	2,455
16 to 17 years	846	774	809	881	920	872	891	858	849
18 to 19 years	1,600	1,594	1,596	1,613	1,638	1,617	1,639	1,651	1,610
20 years and over	79,126	80,242	80,698	78,794	79,705	80,213	80,113	80,111	80,329
20 to 24 years	7,344	7,204	7,208	7,338	7,339	7,392	7,445	7,291	7,205
25 years and over	71,782	73,038	73,489	71,444	72,388	72,822	72,707	72,840	73,131
25 to 54 years	52,874	53,721	53,915	52,685	53,441	53,764	53,647	53,686	53,728
25 to 34 years	18,426	18,944	19,052	18,372	18,773	18,925	18,942	18,946	18,992
35 to 44 years	17,247	17,667	17,711	17,176	17,447	17,592	17,576	17,644	17,634
45 to 54 years	17,201	17,110	17,152	17,136	17,221	17,247	17,130	17,096	17,101
55 years and over	18,909	19,317	19,574	18,760	18,947	19,058	19,060	19,154	19,403
Women, 16 years and over	71,835	72,738	72,907	71,620	72,157	72,530	72,548	72,569	72,690
16 to 19 years	2,495	2,472	2,565	2,533	2,574	2,702	2,632	2,578	2,613
16 to 17 years	956	868	867	1,004	995	1,044	1,001	980	922
18 to 19 years	1,538	1,603	1,698	1,531	1,583	1,676	1,622	1,606	1,675
20 years and over	69,340	70,266	70,341	69,087	69,583	69,828	69,916	69,992	70,077
20 to 24 years	6,786	6,829	6,805	6,845	6,814	6,821	6,889	6,882	6,864
25 years and over	62,555	63,437	63,536	62,270	62,742	63,033	63,071	63,067	63,243
25 to 54 years	45,994	46,485	46,530	45,838	46,233	46,356	46,404	46,280	46,377
25 to 34 years	15,865	16,213	16,301	15,807	15,995	16,050	16,164	16,137	16,229
35 to 44 years	14,682	15,003	14,885	14,645	14,933	14,911	14,886	14,970	14,858
45 to 54 years	15,447	15,269	15,343	15,386	15,305	15,395	15,354	15,172	15,291
55 years and over	16,561	16,952	17,006	16,432	16,508	16,677	16,667	16,787	16,865
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,968	46,195	46,281	45,753	45,714	45,863	45,865	45,995	46,041
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,275	36,386	36,236	36,072	35,768	35,632	35,564	36,140	35,978
Women who maintain families(2)	9,470	9,492	9,608	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	125,911	127,340	129,014	125,621	127,016	127,745	127,434	127,753	128,657
Part-time workers(4)	27,496	28,008	26,996	27,340	27,271	27,548	27,858	27,508	26,883
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,584	7,637	7,411	7,556	7,845	7,864	7,609	7,667	7,442
Percent of total employed	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.9	5.1	5.1	4.9	4.9	4.8
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,742	5,787	5,696	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,525	9,798	9,889	9,411	9,773	9,713	9,793	9,741	9,755
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	May 2017	Apr. 2018	May 2018	May 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,837	6,346	6,065	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.8
16 to 19 years	825	752	745	14.1	13.9	14.4	13.5	12.9	12.8
16 to 17 years	284	294	307	13.1	15.0	15.5	14.9	13.8	14.8
18 to 19 years	542	473	454	14.7	13.3	13.7	12.6	12.7	12.2
20 years and over	6,012	5,594	5,321	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.4
20 to 24 years	1,021	1,018	1,073	6.7	7.4	6.8	6.6	6.7	7.1
25 years and over	5,028	4,613	4,261	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.0
25 to 54 years	3,924	3,543	3,252	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.1
25 to 34 years	1,744	1,627	1,405	4.9	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.4	3.8
35 to 44 years	1,097	995	950	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.0	2.8
45 to 54 years	1,083	921	897	3.2	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.7
55 years and over	1,117	1,105	1,039	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.0	2.8
Men, 16 years and over	3,581	3,541	3,373	4.2	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.1	3.9
16 to 19 years	461	453	468	15.7	14.5	16.4	15.2	15.3	16.0
16 to 17 years	140	178	187	13.7	13.0	17.1	16.1	17.2	18.0
18 to 19 years	322	283	285	16.6	14.9	16.1	14.5	14.6	15.1
20 years and over	3,120	3,088	2,905	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.5
20 to 24 years	637	605	618	8.0	8.2	7.6	7.5	7.7	7.9
25 years and over	2,537	2,506	2,325	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.1
25 to 54 years	1,967	1,869	1,715	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.1
25 to 34 years	890	911	742	4.6	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.6	3.8
35 to 44 years	538	482	487	3.0	3.1	2.7	3.0	2.7	2.7
45 to 54 years	539	476	486	3.0	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8
55 years and over	570	637	610	2.9	3.3	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.0
Women, 16 years and over	3,257	2,805	2,692	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.7	3.6
16 to 19 years	365	299	277	12.6	13.4	12.5	11.8	10.4	9.6
16 to 17 years	144	116	120	12.5	16.7	14.0	13.8	10.6	11.6
18 to 19 years	220	191	169	12.6	11.7	11.4	10.6	10.6	9.2
20 years and over	2,892	2,506	2,415	4.0	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.3
20 to 24 years	384	413	454	5.3	6.5	6.0	5.7	5.7	6.2
25 years and over	2,491	2,107	1,936	3.8	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.2	3.0
25 to 54 years	1,956	1,673	1,537	4.1	3.6	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.2
25 to 34 years	854	716	664	5.1	4.7	4.7	4.3	4.2	3.9
35 to 44 years	558	513	462	3.7	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.0
45 to 54 years	544	445	411	3.4	2.8	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.6
55 years and over	577	483	465	3.4	2.5	2.8	3.2	2.8	2.7
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,089	997	905	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.1	1.9
Married women, spouse present(1)	952	903	857	2.6	2.4	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.3
Women who maintain families(2)	688	548	470	6.8	6.5	6.2	5.6	5.5	4.7
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,494	5,193	4,937	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.7
Part-time workers(4)	1,373	1,200	1,166	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.2	4.2
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2017	Apr. 2018	May 2018	May 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,017	2,805	2,493	3,333	3,273	3,279	3,146	2,958	2,854
On temporary layoff	575	713	533	816	912	878	865	862	803
Not on temporary layoff	2,442	2,092	1,960	2,517	2,361	2,401	2,281	2,096	2,052
Permanent job losers	1,699	1,415	1,380	1,751	1,652	1,709	1,645	1,418	1,439
Persons who completed temporary jobs	743	677	580	766	709	692	637	678	612
Job leavers	741	761	801	798	716	780	864	815	852
Reentrants	2,187	1,836	1,933	2,100	1,958	1,948	1,967	2,009	1,882
New entrants	628	530	529	658	645	704	625	623	571
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	45.9	47.3	43.3	48.4	49.6	48.9	47.7	46.2	46.3
On temporary layoff	8.7	12.0	9.3	11.8	13.8	13.1	13.1	13.5	13.0
Not on temporary layoff	37.2	35.3	34.1	36.5	35.8	35.8	34.6	32.7	33.3
Job leavers	11.3	12.8	13.9	11.6	10.9	11.6	13.1	12.7	13.8
Reentrants	33.3	31.0	33.6	30.5	29.7	29.0	29.8	31.4	30.6
New entrants	9.5	8.9	9.2	9.6	9.8	10.5	9.5	9.7	9.3
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.9	1.7	1.5	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.8
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.4	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
New entrants	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2017	Apr. 2018	May 2018	May 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,106	1,782	1,950	2,123	2,280	2,508	2,287	2,115	2,034
5 to 14 weeks	1,592	1,666	1,568	1,958	1,943	1,906	2,009	2,017	1,945
15 weeks and over	2,874	2,483	2,237	2,788	2,402	2,330	2,202	2,329	2,166
15 to 26 weeks	1,213	1,158	1,066	1,123	981	934	880	1,036	977
27 weeks and over	1,661	1,325	1,171	1,665	1,421	1,397	1,322	1,293	1,189
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	25.7	24.2	21.8	24.8	24.1	22.9	24.1	23.1	21.3
Median duration, in weeks	11.3	11.9	9.9	10.4	9.4	9.3	9.1	9.8	9.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	32.0	30.1	33.9	30.9	34.4	37.2	35.2	32.7	33.1
5 to 14 weeks	24.2	28.1	27.3	28.5	29.3	28.3	30.9	31.2	31.7
15 weeks and over	43.7	41.9	38.9	40.6	36.3	34.6	33.9	36.0	35.2
15 to 26 weeks	18.5	19.5	18.5	16.3	14.8	13.8	13.5	16.0	15.9
27 weeks and over	25.3	22.3	20.3	24.2	21.5	20.7	20.3	20.0	19.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	May 2017	May 2018	May 2017	May 2018	May 2017	May 2018
Total, 16 years and over(1)	153,407	156,009	6,572	5,756	4.1	3.6
Management, professional, and related occupations	61,174	62,360	1,208	1,083	1.9	1.7
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	25,319	25,784	463	448	1.8	1.7
Professional and related occupations	35,855	36,576	745	635	2.0	1.7
Service occupations	27,001	27,710	1,529	1,241	5.4	4.3
Sales and office occupations	33,015	33,165	1,394	1,297	4.1	3.8
Sales and related occupations	15,510	15,769	733	695	4.5	4.2
Office and administrative support occupations	17,506	17,396	660	602	3.6	3.3
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,402	14,299	854	685	5.6	4.6
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,245	1,056	81	92	6.1	8.0
Construction and extraction occupations	8,235	8,218	562	471	6.4	5.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,921	5,025	211	122	4.1	2.4
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	17,815	18,475	944	898	5.0	4.6
Production occupations	8,670	8,633	416	396	4.6	4.4
Transportation and material moving occupations	9,144	9,842	527	502	5.5	4.9
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	May 2017	May 2018	May 2017	May 2018
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,572	5,756	4.1	3.6
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,074	4,467	4.0	3.5
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	23	2.5	3.0
Construction	502	415	5.3	4.4
Manufacturing	504	546	3.2	3.4
Durable goods	327	340	3.3	3.4
Nondurable goods	178	206	3.1	3.5
Wholesale and retail trade	916	885	4.7	4.5
Transportation and utilities	262	223	4.2	3.2
Information	123	100	4.7	3.5
Financial activities	232	167	2.3	1.7
Professional and business services	690	669	4.1	4.0
Education and health services	675	563	2.8	2.3
Leisure and hospitality	905	706	6.3	4.9
Other services	245	171	3.6	2.5
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	103	95	6.0	5.8
Government workers	471	425	2.2	2.0
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	297	239	3.0	2.3
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2017	Apr. 2018	May 2018	May 2017	Jan. 2018	Feb. 2018	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018	May 2018
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.8	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.9	1.7	1.5	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.8
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.1	3.7	3.6	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.8
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.3	3.9	3.8	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.0
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	5.0	4.5	4.4	5.2	5.1	5.1	4.9	4.7	4.6
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	8.1	7.4	7.3	8.4	8.2	8.2	8.0	7.8	7.6
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	May 2017	May 2018	May 2017	May 2018	May 2017	May 2018
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	94,788	95,689	38,113	38,201	56,675	57,488
Persons who currently want a job	5,976	5,696	2,801	2,646	3,175	3,050
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,475	1,455	761	776	714	679
Discouraged workers(2)	355	378	191	257	163	120
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,121	1,077	570	519	551	559
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,584	7,411	3,831	3,687	3,752	3,724
Percent of total employed	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.4	5.2	5.1
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,136	4,062	2,295	2,252	1,840	1,811
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,067	1,951	715	673	1,352	1,279
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	301	294	217	178	84	116
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,029	1,073	580	569	449	504
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)	Change from: Apr.2018 - May2018(p)
Total nonfarm	146,937	147,384	148,366	149,309	146,299	148,280	148,439	148,662	223
Total private	124,287	124,688	125,659	126,650	123,994	125,956	126,118	126,336	218
Goods-producing	20,051	20,177	20,403	20,664	20,013	20,516	20,569	20,616	47
Mining and logging	672	712	721	732	675	722	729	733	4
Logging	48.9	48.6	47.6	47.2	50.0	50.0	50.0	48.5	-1.5
Mining	622.9	663.2	673.0	684.4	625.3	671.6	679.3	684.8	5.5
Oil and gas extraction	144.3	148.8	149.1	150.7	145.4	149.6	150.7	151.5	0.8
Mining, except oil and gas	186.3	182.0	185.3	190.2	184.4	186.9	186.7	188.3	1.6
Coal mining	51.6	51.9	52.8	52.9	51.9	52.3	52.9	53.2	0.3
Metal ore mining	38.2	38.5	38.3	38.6	38.4	38.8	38.8	38.8	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	96.5	91.6	94.2	98.7	94.1	95.9	95.0	96.2	1.2
Support activities for mining	292.3	332.4	338.6	343.5	295.5	335.1	341.9	345.0	3.1
Construction	6,990	6,889	7,083	7,281	6,924	7,164	7,185	7,210	25
Construction of buildings	1,535.4	1,546.6	1,576.2	1,600.1	1,534.7	1,587.1	1,598.0	1,598.2	0.2
Residential building	746.7	758.1	776.0	791.8	746.9	781.9	786.2	790.8	4.6
Nonresidential building	788.7	788.5	800.2	808.3	787.8	805.2	811.8	807.4	-4.4
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,021.4	930.8	989.2	1,040.4	992.7	1,005.2	1,004.9	1,009.9	5.0
Specialty trade contractors	4,432.7	4,411.1	4,517.3	4,640.8	4,396.8	4,571.4	4,581.8	4,602.3	20.5
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,954.2	1,940.1	1,983.8	2,041.9	1,930.6	2,013.2	2,013.3	2,019.0	5.7
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,478.5	2,471.0	2,533.5	2,598.9	2,466.2	2,558.2	2,568.5	2,583.3	14.8
Manufacturing	12,389	12,576	12,599	12,651	12,414	12,630	12,655	12,673	18
Durable goods	7,711	7,869	7,887	7,916	7,717	7,883	7,902	7,917	15
Wood products	396.7	401.6	402.5	406.5	396.4	404.6	404.5	405.8	1.3
Nonmetallic mineral products	413.9	413.4	420.0	424.0	409.4	420.1	420.8	419.5	-1.3
Primary metals	370.8	380.0	380.0	379.1	371.2	379.8	380.0	379.5	-0.5
Fabricated metal products	1,423.3	1,471.9	1,476.5	1,480.9	1,423.3	1,473.8	1,476.7	1,479.1	2.4
Machinery	1,073.4	1,105.3	1,112.4	1,118.4	1,076.6	1,107.3	1,115.3	1,121.1	5.8
Computer and electronic products	1,036.3	1,059.0	1,058.2	1,062.1	1,038.0	1,060.5	1,061.4	1,063.6	2.2
Computer and peripheral equipment	157.5	168.9	169.0	169.1	158.1	169.1	169.5	169.6	0.1
Communications equipment	86.4	86.1	85.3	85.8	86.6	86.3	85.5	85.8	0.3
Semiconductors and electronic components	359.9	367.4	367.7	368.5	360.4	367.9	368.6	369.1	0.5
Electronic instruments	398.9	404.4	404.6	406.8	399.2	404.7	405.9	407.1	1.2
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	33.6	32.2	31.6	31.9	33.7	32.4	32.0	31.9	-0.1
Electrical equipment and appliances	382.8	398.8	400.0	401.9	384.3	399.8	401.6	403.4	1.8
Transportation equipment(1)	1,630.1	1,654.3	1,652.7	1,653.8	1,632.0	1,649.7	1,653.4	1,654.8	1.4
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	954.7	966.8	963.0	957.0	954.4	960.8	961.1	956.7	-4.4
Furniture and related products	394.0	391.2	389.6	391.9	394.4	392.0	391.2	392.3	1.1
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	589.7	593.7	595.4	597.0	591.0	595.8	597.1	597.6	0.5
Nondurable goods	4,678	4,707	4,712	4,735	4,697	4,747	4,753	4,756	3
Food manufacturing	1,579.8	1,607.1	1,606.4	1,614.4	1,600.0	1,631.1	1,632.8	1,635.7	2.9
Textile mills	112.3	111.1	111.2	112.2	112.1	111.3	111.6	112.0	0.4
Textile product mills	115.2	111.5	110.6	109.9	115.2	111.9	111.0	110.1	-0.9
Apparel	120.5	116.8	117.6	116.2	121.0	116.9	117.9	116.4	-1.5
Paper and paper products	369.1	372.8	373.3	374.4	368.8	373.2	373.3	373.5	0.2
Printing and related support activities	439.7	434.8	432.9	433.3	439.9	435.5	434.1	433.5	-0.6
Petroleum and coal products	115.4	111.7	113.8	116.0	114.6	115.1	115.3	115.2	-0.1
Chemicals	820.1	823.4	824.6	824.9	820.6	824.5	826.3	826.3	0.0
Plastics and rubber products	713.8	724.4	725.6	728.9	711.9	725.2	726.5	727.5	1.0
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	291.6	293.5	296.4	305.0	292.8	302.7	303.7	305.7	2.0
Private service-providing	104,236	104,511	105,256	105,986	103,981	105,440	105,549	105,720	171
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,340	27,422	27,493	27,694	27,439	27,736	27,736	27,789	53
Wholesale trade	5,893.4	5,940.8	5,936.3	5,960.2	5,886.9	5,962.0	5,950.6	5,954.8	4.2
Durable goods	2,957.2	3,000.2	3,001.5	3,008.7	2,955.7	3,006.6	3,007.1	3,007.3	0.2
Nondurable goods	2,048.8	2,042.5	2,042.1	2,053.3	2,043.8	2,054.5	2,047.3	2,049.0	1.7
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	887.4	898.1	892.7	898.2	887.4	900.9	896.2	898.5	2.3
Retail trade	15,769.0	15,701.0	15,771.7	15,899.5	15,845.2	15,930.4	15,939.2	15,970.3	31.1
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,011.3	2,016.5	2,023.4	2,033.4	2,004.0	2,025.4	2,025.4	2,026.4	1.0
Automobile dealers	1,295.8	1,302.7	1,302.4	1,305.5	1,294.9	1,305.7	1,305.4	1,305.0	-0.4
Other motor vehicle dealers	162.2	153.4	157.3	162.2	156.2	157.1	156.5	156.3	-0.2
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	553.3	560.4	563.7	565.7	552.9	562.6	563.5	565.1	1.6
Furniture and home furnishings stores	469.2	478.2	476.4	477.1	475.2	482.8	482.8	483.3	0.5
Electronics and appliance stores	498.1	494.7	493.3	493.0	509.6	498.8	500.3	501.4	1.1
Building material and garden supply stores	1,335.9	1,323.0	1,360.3	1,391.5	1,265.8	1,317.9	1,313.2	1,319.2	6.0
Food and beverage stores	3,080.3	3,062.3	3,068.6	3,092.0	3,086.3	3,094.7	3,097.3	3,098.1	0.8
Health and personal care stores	1,065.2	1,055.3	1,050.5	1,050.7	1,069.6	1,059.0	1,057.2	1,056.4	-0.8
Gasoline stations	933.6	927.8	929.8	941.8	930.6	938.0	937.5	938.8	1.3
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,343.0	1,322.9	1,317.6	1,334.2	1,385.0	1,369.9	1,366.3	1,372.8	6.5
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	581.3	570.0	573.6	576.9	602.1	594.4	596.5	597.8	1.3
General merchandise stores	3,057.5	3,058.8	3,073.5	3,085.8	3,117.5	3,127.8	3,136.4	3,149.8	13.4
Department stores	1,131.8	1,130.8	1,131.6	1,135.0	1,172.6	1,170.1	1,170.2	1,177.8	7.6
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,925.7	1,928.0	1,941.9	1,950.8	1,944.9	1,957.7	1,966.2	1,972.1	5.9
Miscellaneous store retailers	833.6	806.9	818.0	837.8	829.5	829.8	831.1	832.2	1.1
Nonstore retailers	560.0	584.6	586.7	585.3	570.0	591.9	595.2	594.1	-1.1
Transportation and warehousing	5,124.6	5,227.4	5,231.3	5,280.2	5,153.0	5,289.0	5,290.6	5,309.3	18.7
Air transportation	492.7	499.3	501.3	503.9	490.5	501.4	502.0	502.0	0.0
Rail transportation	217.1	211.3	212.5	212.5	216.9	212.2	212.3	212.3	0.0
Water transportation	66.1	62.3	64.2	65.7	65.6	64.3	64.8	65.2	0.4
Truck transportation	1,451.1	1,453.8	1,458.1	1,475.9	1,453.2	1,477.2	1,470.8	1,477.4	6.6
Transit and ground passenger transportation	511.6	509.5	509.0	513.0	493.5	495.7	495.1	495.2	0.1
Pipeline transportation	48.1	47.6	46.8	47.0	48.1	47.6	47.0	47.0	0.0
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	39.4	29.2	31.1	37.7	36.2	37.1	35.3	34.9	-0.4
Support activities for transportation	685.5	706.1	705.7	705.0	687.7	708.3	706.2	706.8	0.6
Couriers and messengers	637.2	700.2	691.0	699.7	674.5	725.6	732.5	737.3	4.8
Warehousing and storage	975.8	1,008.1	1,011.6	1,019.8	986.8	1,019.6	1,024.6	1,031.2	6.6
Utilities	553.4	552.6	554.1	553.6	554.0	554.1	555.5	554.4	-1.1
Information	2,789	2,755	2,763	2,771	2,794	2,765	2,769	2,775	6
Publishing industries, except Internet	720.1	712.5	709.0	710.2	724.6	714.8	712.7	714.7	2.0
Motion picture and sound recording industries	430.4	401.7	419.3	427.7	425.4	408.0	416.1	421.4	5.3
Broadcasting, except Internet	264.2	263.7	263.1	260.5	265.3	262.5	262.7	261.6	-1.1
Telecommunications	779.4	766.2	758.7	757.5	781.2	766.2	762.2	760.3	-1.9
Data processing, hosting and related services	316.5	325.6	326.4	326.3	316.5	326.5	326.8	326.4	-0.4
Other information services	278.7	285.0	286.2	289.1	280.5	286.6	288.4	290.6	2.2
Financial activities	8,419	8,503	8,509	8,545	8,434	8,548	8,551	8,559	8
Finance and insurance	6,242.7	6,300.3	6,294.8	6,306.4	6,257.1	6,312.9	6,314.4	6,319.3	4.9
Monetary authorities - central bank	18.9	18.9	18.9	19.0	19.0	19.0	19.0	19.1	0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,641.8	2,655.3	2,655.7	2,662.1	2,646.2	2,661.4	2,663.4	2,666.0	2.6
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,714.4	1,716.6	1,717.3	1,722.6	1,713.9	1,718.4	1,720.4	1,721.9	1.5
Commercial banking	1,325.0	1,322.4	1,323.3	1,326.3	1,324.8	1,322.8	1,324.8	1,326.3	1.5
Nondepository credit intermediation	618.3	623.2	624.3	626.2	622.6	626.8	628.5	630.4	1.9
Activities related to credit intermediation	309.1	315.5	314.1	313.3	309.7	316.3	314.6	313.7	-0.9
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	932.0	957.5	958.7	957.7	937.1	961.0	962.5	962.1	-0.4
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,650.0	2,668.6	2,661.5	2,667.6	2,654.8	2,671.5	2,669.5	2,672.1	2.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,176.6	2,202.6	2,213.7	2,238.1	2,176.4	2,234.8	2,236.2	2,239.2	3.0
Real estate	1,587.6	1,605.8	1,612.6	1,623.1	1,590.0	1,622.7	1,623.5	1,626.1	2.6
Rental and leasing services	564.9	572.4	576.9	590.4	562.3	587.5	588.2	588.5	0.3
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	24.1	24.4	24.2	24.6	24.1	24.6	24.5	24.6	0.1
Professional and business services	20,417	20,576	20,815	20,908	20,408	20,817	20,860	20,891	31
Professional and technical services	8,920.5	9,172.4	9,217.6	9,131.8	8,980.2	9,143.0	9,163.5	9,186.1	22.6
Legal services	1,134.0	1,130.7	1,131.5	1,133.1	1,136.6	1,135.6	1,135.8	1,135.6	-0.2
Accounting and bookkeeping services	943.9	1,087.8	1,080.7	955.2	991.9	988.6	991.9	999.3	7.4
Architectural and engineering services	1,429.5	1,443.7	1,455.0	1,465.4	1,429.4	1,461.6	1,464.8	1,465.6	0.8
Specialized design services	139.1	135.8	137.2	137.7	138.7	137.3	137.3	137.3	0.0
Computer systems design and related services	2,030.1	2,067.6	2,085.3	2,095.3	2,035.0	2,085.7	2,092.1	2,098.7	6.6
Management and technical consulting services	1,394.5	1,419.7	1,430.9	1,440.5	1,396.8	1,436.1	1,439.4	1,443.4	4.0
Scientific research and development services	657.0	666.6	669.8	673.2	656.5	670.0	672.2	672.7	0.5
Advertising and related services	490.4	495.0	496.5	497.3	491.8	496.9	497.3	497.6	0.3
Other professional and technical services	702.0	725.5	730.7	734.1	703.6	731.1	732.8	735.8	3.0
Management of companies and enterprises	2,287.0	2,308.2	2,306.3	2,322.7	2,290.6	2,316.6	2,318.3	2,325.9	7.6
Administrative and waste services	9,209.3	9,095.0	9,291.3	9,453.6	9,136.7	9,357.1	9,378.4	9,378.6	0.2
Administrative and support services	8,796.2	8,677.9	8,869.0	9,026.6	8,724.5	8,933.9	8,953.1	8,952.9	-0.2
Office administrative services	507.6	518.1	519.9	524.1	507.2	520.3	521.5	523.8	2.3
Facilities support services	150.0	155.1	155.0	154.8	150.0	155.0	155.0	155.0	0.0
Employment services(1)	3,587.4	3,587.9	3,641.1	3,698.9	3,588.6	3,699.2	3,710.7	3,700.4	-10.3
Temporary help services	2,926.5	2,917.9	2,963.6	3,012.9	2,930.1	3,015.6	3,024.8	3,017.0	-7.8
Business support services	894.1	908.5	901.0	900.0	906.1	911.5	909.1	911.8	2.7
Travel arrangement and reservation services	220.0	215.8	218.1	219.4	218.2	217.0	217.6	217.6	0.0
Investigation and security services	912.7	926.8	931.9	937.7	914.7	933.9	936.0	939.2	3.2
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,200.6	2,030.1	2,163.4	2,252.6	2,117.9	2,160.3	2,165.2	2,167.8	2.6
Other support services	323.8	335.6	338.6	339.1	321.8	336.7	337.9	337.3	-0.6
Waste management and remediation services	413.1	417.1	422.3	427.0	412.2	423.2	425.3	425.7	0.4
Education and health services	23,195	23,634	23,695	23,632	23,122	23,491	23,524	23,563	39
Educational services	3,711.8	3,869.0	3,882.0	3,759.2	3,660.6	3,697.7	3,701.8	3,708.9	7.1
Health care and social assistance	19,483.3	19,765.2	19,813.1	19,872.4	19,461.6	19,792.8	19,821.9	19,853.6	31.7
Health care(3)	15,660.0	15,902.3	15,933.1	15,975.7	15,677.8	15,943.9	15,966.9	15,995.8	28.9
Ambulatory health care services	7,262.0	7,416.0	7,442.3	7,469.9	7,264.4	7,439.8	7,454.9	7,472.8	17.9
Offices of physicians	2,571.5	2,620.6	2,627.8	2,632.8	2,576.6	2,627.1	2,633.6	2,637.9	4.3
Offices of dentists	931.2	936.2	938.6	942.7	931.0	940.5	941.2	942.7	1.5
Offices of other health practitioners	887.2	912.6	920.9	926.2	884.8	916.9	921.4	923.8	2.4
Outpatient care centers	889.3	923.8	924.3	929.5	889.6	924.0	925.5	930.0	4.5
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	266.7	277.1	277.1	277.7	267.9	277.3	277.2	278.6	1.4
Home health care services	1,411.5	1,437.3	1,445.2	1,453.8	1,409.2	1,444.2	1,447.1	1,451.2	4.1
Other ambulatory health care services	304.6	308.4	308.4	307.2	305.3	309.9	308.8	308.6	-0.2
Hospitals	5,054.1	5,149.4	5,150.8	5,153.5	5,067.6	5,152.1	5,161.2	5,167.4	6.2
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,343.9	3,336.9	3,340.0	3,352.3	3,345.8	3,352.0	3,350.8	3,355.6	4.8
Nursing care facilities	1,627.4	1,606.6	1,606.7	1,612.4	1,629.7	1,615.4	1,612.4	1,615.0	2.6
Residential mental health facilities	629.7	630.3	631.6	632.5	629.5	631.5	632.3	632.7	0.4
Community care facilities for the elderly	919.7	929.0	929.9	934.4	918.9	932.5	933.6	934.6	1.0
Other residential care facilities	167.1	171.0	171.8	173.0	167.8	172.6	172.5	173.4	0.9
Social assistance	3,823.3	3,862.9	3,880.0	3,896.7	3,783.8	3,848.9	3,855.0	3,857.8	2.8
Individual and family services	2,352.5	2,398.7	2,412.2	2,420.2	2,338.6	2,398.0	2,404.8	2,405.2	0.4
Emergency and other relief services	167.9	172.2	170.7	171.7	168.1	171.4	170.3	171.9	1.6
Vocational rehabilitation services	342.7	343.5	344.1	346.0	342.8	346.6	345.8	346.1	0.3
Child day care services	960.2	948.5	953.0	958.8	934.4	933.0	934.1	934.5	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	16,285	15,822	16,137	16,547	16,019	16,248	16,260	16,281	21
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,403.6	2,167.5	2,278.1	2,431.7	2,321.4	2,345.1	2,344.3	2,347.8	3.5
Performing arts and spectator sports	519.6	469.0	511.6	532.5	490.4	494.5	497.2	501.9	4.7
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	172.1	161.7	169.2	174.9	165.6	171.2	172.3	168.7	-3.6
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,711.9	1,536.8	1,597.3	1,724.3	1,665.4	1,679.4	1,674.8	1,677.2	2.4
Accommodation and food services	13,881.2	13,654.6	13,858.4	14,115.2	13,697.9	13,902.4	13,915.5	13,932.9	17.4
Accommodation	2,005.1	1,954.2	1,978.3	2,023.8	2,003.4	2,020.8	2,022.4	2,022.2	-0.2
Food services and drinking places	11,876.1	11,700.4	11,880.1	12,091.4	11,694.5	11,881.6	11,893.1	11,910.7	17.6
Other services	5,791	5,799	5,844	5,889	5,765	5,835	5,849	5,862	13
Repair and maintenance	1,316.0	1,312.8	1,321.5	1,330.0	1,306.4	1,314.1	1,317.3	1,320.6	3.3
Personal and laundry services	1,490.9	1,496.7	1,521.2	1,537.0	1,477.6	1,511.1	1,518.5	1,523.6	5.1
Membership associations and organizations	2,983.6	2,989.7	3,001.1	3,021.8	2,981.2	3,009.6	3,012.7	3,017.4	4.7
Government	22,650	22,696	22,707	22,659	22,305	22,324	22,321	22,326	5
Federal	2,806.0	2,775.0	2,784.0	2,782.0	2,807.0	2,791.0	2,789.0	2,786.0	-3.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,189.2	2,169.8	2,175.6	2,178.4	2,190.0	2,183.5	2,182.6	2,179.8	-2.8
U.S. Postal Service	616.5	604.9	608.4	603.9	616.7	607.2	606.5	605.8	-0.7
State government	5,174.0	5,271.0	5,273.0	5,132.0	5,149.0	5,114.0	5,110.0	5,112.0	2.0
State government education	2,494.6	2,611.2	2,611.1	2,460.8	2,473.2	2,449.4	2,445.6	2,444.8	-0.8
State government, excluding education	2,678.9	2,659.8	2,661.7	2,671.4	2,675.5	2,664.9	2,664.1	2,667.4	3.3
Local government	14,670.0	14,650.0	14,650.0	14,745.0	14,349.0	14,419.0	14,422.0	14,428.0	6.0
Local government education	8,240.2	8,274.2	8,252.2	8,266.0	7,913.2	7,936.7	7,940.2	7,942.3	2.1
Local government, excluding education	6,429.9	6,375.8	6,397.5	6,479.2	6,435.6	6,481.8	6,481.7	6,485.6	3.9
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.5	34.5	34.5
Goods-producing	40.4	40.5	40.7	40.6
Mining and logging	45.5	45.9	45.8	46.1
Construction	39.2	39.3	39.5	39.6
Manufacturing	40.7	40.9	41.0	40.8
Durable goods	41.3	41.3	41.5	41.2
Nondurable goods	39.8	40.2	40.2	40.2
Private service-providing	33.2	33.4	33.3	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.4	34.5	34.4	34.5
Wholesale trade	39.0	39.1	38.9	39.1
Retail trade	31.0	31.2	31.0	31.1
Transportation and warehousing	38.7	38.7	38.8	38.7
Utilities	42.0	42.1	42.2	42.1
Information	36.2	36.0	36.1	36.0
Financial activities	37.4	37.6	37.5	37.5
Professional and business services	36.1	36.2	36.1	36.2
Education and health services	32.8	33.0	33.0	33.0
Leisure and hospitality	26.0	26.1	26.0	26.1
Other services	31.8	31.7	31.7	31.7
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.3	3.6	3.7	3.5
Durable goods	3.3	3.6	3.7	3.5
Nondurable goods	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)
Total private	$26.21	$26.80	$26.84	$26.92	$901.62	$924.60	$925.98	$928.74
Goods-producing	27.45	27.96	28.05	28.07	1,108.98	1,132.38	1,141.64	1,139.64
Mining and logging	31.80	32.52	32.54	32.54	1,446.90	1,492.67	1,490.33	1,500.09
Construction	28.72	29.43	29.63	29.65	1,125.82	1,156.60	1,170.39	1,174.14
Manufacturing	26.51	26.87	26.90	26.90	1,078.96	1,098.98	1,102.90	1,097.52
Durable goods	27.76	28.15	28.22	28.24	1,146.49	1,162.60	1,171.13	1,163.49
Nondurable goods	24.39	24.68	24.64	24.62	970.72	992.14	990.53	989.72
Private service-providing	25.92	26.53	26.56	26.64	860.54	886.10	884.45	887.11
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22.70	23.13	23.17	23.24	780.88	797.99	797.05	801.78
Wholesale trade	29.94	30.30	30.24	30.43	1,167.66	1,184.73	1,176.34	1,189.81
Retail trade	18.12	18.47	18.58	18.64	561.72	576.26	575.98	579.70
Transportation and warehousing	23.77	24.31	24.29	24.30	919.90	940.80	942.45	940.41
Utilities	38.95	40.24	40.34	40.14	1,635.90	1,694.10	1,702.35	1,689.89
Information	38.13	39.15	39.31	39.40	1,380.31	1,409.40	1,419.09	1,418.40
Financial activities	32.94	34.40	34.29	34.77	1,231.96	1,293.44	1,285.88	1,303.88
Professional and business services	31.46	32.12	32.17	32.18	1,135.71	1,162.74	1,161.34	1,164.92
Education and health services	26.27	26.81	26.79	26.90	861.66	884.73	884.07	887.70
Leisure and hospitality	15.47	15.79	15.86	15.86	402.22	412.12	412.36	413.95
Other services	23.71	24.28	24.34	24.37	753.98	769.68	771.58	772.53
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2018 - May 2018(p)	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2018 - May 2018(p)
Total private	107.1	109.1	109.2	109.4	0.2	134.1	139.7	140.1	140.8	0.5
Goods-producing	92.1	94.7	95.4	95.4	0.0	114.3	119.6	120.9	121.0	0.1
Mining and logging	96.5	104.1	104.9	106.2	1.2	123.2	136.0	137.1	138.7	1.2
Construction	93.6	97.1	97.8	98.4	0.6	116.8	124.1	126.0	126.8	0.6
Manufacturing	90.9	92.9	93.3	93.0	-0.3	112.1	116.1	116.8	116.4	-0.3
Durable goods	89.7	91.7	92.3	91.8	-0.5	110.6	114.6	115.7	115.2	-0.4
Nondurable goods	93.3	95.3	95.4	95.4	0.0	115.5	119.3	119.2	119.2	0.0
Private service-providing	111.1	113.3	113.1	113.3	0.2	139.9	146.1	146.0	146.6	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	102.7	104.1	103.8	104.3	0.5	125.4	129.6	129.4	130.4	0.8
Wholesale trade	100.2	101.7	101.0	101.6	0.6	125.2	128.6	127.5	129.0	1.2
Retail trade	99.8	101.0	100.4	100.9	0.5	119.5	123.3	123.3	124.3	0.8
Transportation and warehousing	114.1	117.1	117.5	117.6	0.1	137.7	144.5	144.8	145.0	0.1
Utilities	100.7	100.9	101.4	101.0	-0.4	129.6	134.2	135.2	133.9	-1.0
Information	92.4	90.9	91.3	91.2	-0.1	125.4	126.7	127.8	128.0	0.2
Financial activities	103.3	105.3	105.0	105.1	0.1	132.7	141.2	140.5	142.6	1.5
Professional and business services	115.9	118.5	118.4	118.9	0.4	147.7	154.2	154.4	155.1	0.5
Education and health services	123.8	126.6	126.8	127.0	0.2	156.5	163.3	163.4	164.3	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	118.8	121.0	120.6	121.2	0.5	148.3	154.1	154.3	155.1	0.5
Other services	105.7	106.6	106.9	107.1	0.2	137.4	141.9	142.6	143.1	0.4
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)
Total nonfarm	72,476	73,522	73,626	73,801	49.5	49.6	49.6	49.6
Total private	59,684	60,676	60,778	60,930	48.1	48.2	48.2	48.2
Goods-producing	4,385	4,520	4,533	4,551	21.9	22.0	22.0	22.1
Mining and logging	92	93	93	94	13.6	12.9	12.8	12.8
Construction	874	916	918	920	12.6	12.8	12.8	12.8
Manufacturing	3,419	3,511	3,522	3,537	27.5	27.8	27.8	27.9
Durable goods	1,805	1,850	1,855	1,858	23.4	23.5	23.5	23.5
Nondurable goods	1,614	1,661	1,667	1,679	34.4	35.0	35.1	35.3
Private service-providing	55,299	56,156	56,245	56,379	53.2	53.3	53.3	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,058	11,126	11,132	11,149	40.3	40.1	40.1	40.1
Wholesale trade	1,737.4	1,773.3	1,769.2	1,767.3	29.5	29.7	29.7	29.7
Retail trade	7,937.7	7,928.3	7,937.3	7,952.1	50.1	49.8	49.8	49.8
Transportation and warehousing	1,255.8	1,295.9	1,296.8	1,300.8	24.4	24.5	24.5	24.5
Utilities	127.4	128.1	128.7	128.6	23.0	23.1	23.2	23.2
Information	1,113	1,093	1,092	1,098	39.8	39.5	39.4	39.6
Financial activities	4,766	4,822	4,830	4,836	56.5	56.4	56.5	56.5
Professional and business services	9,186	9,406	9,437	9,460	45.0	45.2	45.2	45.3
Education and health services	17,808	18,092	18,116	18,157	77.0	77.0	77.0	77.1
Leisure and hospitality	8,324	8,522	8,539	8,563	52.0	52.4	52.5	52.6
Other services	3,044	3,095	3,099	3,116	52.8	53.0	53.0	53.2
Government	12,792	12,846	12,848	12,871	57.4	57.5	57.6	57.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)
Total private	102,186	103,768	103,897	104,064
Goods-producing	14,402	14,758	14,796	14,838
Mining and logging	490	536	542	546
Construction	5,200	5,359	5,367	5,390
Manufacturing	8,712	8,863	8,887	8,902
Durable goods	5,296	5,417	5,439	5,454
Nondurable goods	3,416	3,446	3,448	3,448
Private service-providing	87,784	89,010	89,101	89,226
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,109	23,438	23,443	23,475
Wholesale trade	4,720.1	4,784.5	4,770.4	4,774.8
Retail trade	13,472.0	13,615.0	13,628.3	13,644.2
Transportation and warehousing	4,472.0	4,593.1	4,598.9	4,610.9
Utilities	445.1	445.1	445.4	445.0
Information	2,252	2,223	2,230	2,233
Financial activities	6,555	6,628	6,624	6,626
Professional and business services	16,687	16,956	16,997	17,037
Education and health services	20,305	20,638	20,665	20,690
Leisure and hospitality	14,104	14,299	14,301	14,319
Other services	4,772	4,828	4,841	4,846
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.6	33.7	33.8	33.8
Goods-producing	41.3	41.6	41.8	41.7
Mining and logging	46.1	47.0	47.1	47.7
Construction	39.9	40.0	40.2	40.3
Manufacturing	41.9	42.2	42.4	42.2
Durable goods	42.4	42.5	42.7	42.3
Nondurable goods	41.1	41.7	41.9	41.9
Private service-providing	32.4	32.4	32.4	32.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.7	33.9	33.9	33.9
Wholesale trade	38.9	38.9	38.9	39.0
Retail trade	30.1	30.4	30.3	30.4
Transportation and warehousing	38.3	38.2	38.3	38.2
Utilities	42.3	42.8	43.0	42.8
Information	35.8	35.9	35.9	35.6
Financial activities	37.0	36.9	37.0	37.0
Professional and business services	35.4	35.3	35.3	35.3
Education and health services	32.2	32.3	32.3	32.3
Leisure and hospitality	24.8	24.9	24.9	24.9
Other services	30.7	30.7	30.7	30.7
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.3	4.6	4.8	4.6
Durable goods	4.4	4.7	4.9	4.6
Nondurable goods	4.1	4.5	4.6	4.5
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)
Total private	$21.98	$22.46	$22.52	$22.59	$738.53	$756.90	$761.18	$763.54
Goods-producing	23.05	23.72	23.81	23.83	951.97	986.75	995.26	993.71
Mining and logging	27.26	27.83	27.94	28.01	1,256.69	1,308.01	1,315.97	1,336.08
Construction	26.54	27.36	27.49	27.50	1,058.95	1,094.40	1,105.10	1,108.25
Manufacturing	20.80	21.36	21.43	21.41	871.52	901.39	908.63	903.50
Durable goods	21.78	22.29	22.39	22.36	923.47	947.33	956.05	945.83
Nondurable goods	19.22	19.88	19.89	19.91	789.94	829.00	833.39	834.23
Private service-providing	21.75	22.19	22.24	22.32	704.70	718.96	720.58	725.40
Trade, transportation, and utilities	19.28	19.68	19.76	19.87	649.74	667.15	669.86	673.59
Wholesale trade	24.59	24.87	24.91	25.11	956.55	967.44	969.00	979.29
Retail trade	15.26	15.69	15.81	15.93	459.33	476.98	479.04	484.27
Transportation and warehousing	21.23	21.74	21.79	21.79	813.11	830.47	834.56	832.38
Utilities	36.18	36.80	36.47	36.53	1,530.41	1,575.04	1,568.21	1,563.48
Information	30.70	31.49	31.29	31.73	1,099.06	1,130.49	1,123.31	1,129.59
Financial activities	26.48	26.84	26.89	26.95	979.76	990.40	994.93	997.15
Professional and business services	25.90	26.49	26.54	26.60	916.86	935.10	936.86	938.98
Education and health services	23.00	23.43	23.45	23.54	740.60	756.79	757.44	760.34
Leisure and hospitality	13.37	13.68	13.73	13.78	331.58	340.63	341.88	343.12
Other services	19.94	20.49	20.53	20.56	612.16	629.04	630.27	631.19
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2018 - May 2018(p)	May 2017	Mar. 2018	Apr. 2018(p)	May 2018(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2018 - May 2018(p)
Total private	114.4	116.5	117.0	117.2	0.2	168.0	174.9	176.1	176.9	0.5
Goods-producing	90.9	93.8	94.5	94.6	0.1	128.3	136.3	137.8	138.0	0.1
Mining and logging	120.0	133.9	135.7	138.4	2.0	190.3	216.7	220.4	225.5	2.3
Construction	103.9	107.3	108.0	108.8	0.7	148.9	158.6	160.4	161.5	0.7
Manufacturing	83.8	85.9	86.5	86.2	-0.3	114.0	119.9	121.2	120.7	-0.4
Durable goods	84.4	86.5	87.3	86.7	-0.7	114.8	120.4	122.0	121.0	-0.8
Nondurable goods	82.7	84.7	85.1	85.1	0.0	112.4	118.9	119.6	119.8	0.2
Private service-providing	121.1	122.8	122.9	123.5	0.5	180.7	186.9	187.5	189.0	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	108.6	110.8	110.8	110.9	0.1	149.3	155.5	156.2	157.3	0.7
Wholesale trade	108.1	109.6	109.3	109.7	0.4	156.6	160.6	160.4	162.2	1.1
Retail trade	102.6	104.8	104.5	105.0	0.5	134.2	140.9	141.6	143.3	1.2
Transportation and warehousing	128.9	132.1	132.6	132.6	0.0	173.6	182.1	183.3	183.3	0.0
Utilities	96.3	97.4	97.9	97.4	-0.5	145.4	149.6	149.1	148.5	-0.4
Information	92.0	91.1	91.4	90.7	-0.8	139.8	142.0	141.5	142.5	0.7
Financial activities	114.2	115.1	115.4	115.4	0.0	186.0	190.1	190.9	191.4	0.3
Professional and business services	132.4	134.1	134.5	134.8	0.2	204.0	211.5	212.4	213.4	0.5
Education and health services	139.4	142.1	142.3	142.5	0.1	211.6	219.8	220.3	221.4	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	128.1	130.4	130.4	130.6	0.2	194.5	202.6	203.4	204.4	0.5
Other services	102.7	103.9	104.2	104.3	0.1	149.3	155.2	155.9	156.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.