Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	USDL-22-1082
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, June 3, 2022

Technical information: 
Household data:	     (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	     (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

	
                       THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MAY 2022


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 390,000 in May, and the unemployment
rate remained at 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
Notable job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality, in professional and
business services, and in transportation and warehousing. Employment in retail
trade declined.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household
survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic 
characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours,
and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and statistical
methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In May, the unemployment rate was 3.6 percent for the third month in a row, and
the number of unemployed persons was essentially unchanged at 6.0 million. These
measures are little different from their values in February 2020 (3.5 percent
and 5.7 million, respectively), prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.
(See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Asians declined to 2.4
percent in May. The jobless rates for adult men (3.4 percent), adult women (3.4
percent), teenagers (10.4 percent), Whites (3.2 percent), Blacks (6.2 percent),
and Hispanics (4.3 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers remained at 1.4 million
in May. The number of persons on temporary layoff was little changed at 810,000.
Both measures are little different from their values in February 2020. (See
table A-11.) 

In May, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more)
edged down to 1.4 million. This measure is 235,000 higher than in February 2020.
The long-term unemployed accounted for 23.2 percent of all unemployed persons
in May. (See table A-12.) 

Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.3 percent, and the employment-
population ratio, at 60.1 percent, were little changed over the month. Both
measures are 1.1 percentage points below their February 2020 values. (See table
A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons increased by
295,000 to 4.3 million in May, reflecting an increase in the number of persons
whose hours were cut due to slack work or business conditions. The number of
persons employed part time for economic reasons is little different from its
February 2020 level. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time
employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or 
they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 
little changed at 5.7 million in May. This measure remains above its February 
2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals were not counted as unemployed
because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding
the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons
marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.5 million, changed little in May.
These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job
sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached
who believed that no jobs were available for them, numbered 415,000 in May,
also little changed from the prior month. (See Summary table A.) 

Household Survey Supplemental Data 

In May, 7.4 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus
pandemic, down from 7.7 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed
persons who teleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey specifically because of the pandemic. 

In May, 1.8 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because
their employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did
not work at all or worked fewer hours at some point in the 4 weeks preceding
the survey due to the pandemic. This measure is little changed from the previous
month. Among those who reported in May that they were unable to work because
of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 19.9 percent received at least
some pay from their employer for the hours not worked, also little different
from the prior month. 

Among those not in the labor force in May, 455,000 persons were prevented from
looking for work due to the pandemic, down from 586,000 in the prior month. (To
be counted as unemployed, by definition, individuals must be either actively
looking for work or on temporary layoff.) 

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey
beginning in May 2020 to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor
market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the
supplemental questions for all months are available online at 
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 390,000 in May. Notable job gains 
occurred in leisure and hospitality, in professional and business services,
and in transportation and warehousing. Employment in retail trade declined 
over the month. Nonfarm employment is down by 822,000, or 0.5 percent, from
its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. (See table B-1.)

Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 84,000 in May, as job
growth continued in food services and drinking places (+46,000) and 
accommodation (+21,000). Employment in leisure and hospitality is down by
1.3 million, or 7.9 percent, compared with February 2020.

Employment in professional and business services rose by 75,000 in May.
Within the industry, job gains occurred in accounting and bookkeeping 
services (+16,000), computer systems design and related services (+13,000),
and scientific research and development services (+6,000). Employment in
professional and business services is 821,000 higher than in February 2020.

In May, transportation and warehousing added 47,000 jobs. Employment rose
in warehousing and storage (+18,000), truck transportation (+13,000), and 
air transportation (+6,000). Employment in transportation and warehousing
is 709,000 above its February 2020 level.

Employment in construction increased by 36,000 in May, following no change
in April. In May, job gains occurred in specialty trade contractors (+17,000)
and heavy and civil engineering construction (+11,000). Construction
employment is 40,000 higher than in February 2020.

In May, employment increased by 36,000 in state government education and
by 33,000 in private education. Employment changed little in local 
government education (+14,000). Compared with February 2020, employment
in state government education is up by 27,000, while employment in private
education has essentially recovered. Employment in local government
education is down by 308,000, or 3.8 percent, compared with February 2020.

Employment in health care rose by 28,000 in May, including a gain in hospitals
(+16,000). Employment in health care overall is 223,000, or 1.3 percent,
lower than in February 2020.

Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in May (+18,000). Job gains
occurred in fabricated metal products (+7,000), wood products (+4,000),
and electronic instruments (+3,000). Employment in manufacturing overall 
is slightly below (-17,000 or -0.1 percent) its February 2020 level. 

Wholesale trade added 14,000 jobs in May, including gains in durable goods 
(+10,000) and electronic markets and agents and brokers (+6,000). Employment
in wholesale trade is down by 41,000, or 0.7 percent, compared with February
2020.

Mining employment increased by 6,000 in May and is 80,000 higher than a recent
low in February 2021. 

Employment in retail trade declined by 61,000 in May but is 159,000 above 
its February 2020 level. Over the month, job losses occurred in general
merchandise stores (-33,000), clothing and clothing accessories stores 
(-9,000), food and beverage stores (-8,000), building material and garden
supply stores (-7,000), and health and personal care stores (-5,000). 

In May, employment showed little change in other major industries, including
information, financial activities, and other services.

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose
by 10 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $31.95 in May. Over the past 12 months, average
hourly earnings have increased by 5.2 percent. In May, average hourly earnings
of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 15 cents,
or 0.6 percent, to $27.33. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

In May, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls 
was 34.6 hours for the third month in a row. In manufacturing, the average 
workweek for all employees was little changed at 40.4 hours, and overtime fell
by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained unchanged at 34.1 hours. (See
tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised down
by 30,000, from +428,000 to +398,000, and the change for April was revised
up by 8,000, from +428,000 to +436,000. With these revisions, employment in
March and April combined is 22,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly
revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government
agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of
seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Friday,
July 8, 2022, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022	Change from: Apr. 2022- May 2022
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	261,210	263,444	263,559	263,679	120
Civilian labor force	160,801	164,409	164,046	164,376	330
Participation rate	61.6	62.4	62.2	62.3	0.1
Employed	151,550	158,458	158,105	158,426	321
Employment-population ratio	58.0	60.1	60.0	60.1	0.1
Unemployed	9,251	5,952	5,941	5,950	9
Unemployment rate	5.8	3.6	3.6	3.6	0.0
Not in labor force	100,409	99,035	99,513	99,302	-211
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	5.8	3.6	3.6	3.6	0.0
Adult men (20 years and over)	5.8	3.4	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	5.3	3.3	3.2	3.4	0.2
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	9.6	10.0	10.2	10.4	0.2
White	5.1	3.2	3.2	3.2	0.0
Black or African American	9.1	6.2	5.9	6.2	0.3
Asian	5.5	2.8	3.1	2.4	-0.7
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	7.1	4.2	4.1	4.3	0.2
Total, 25 years and over	5.1	2.9	3.0	3.0	0.0
Less than a high school diploma	8.9	5.2	5.4	5.2	-0.2
High school graduates, no college	6.9	4.0	3.8	3.8	0.0
Some college or associate degree	6.0	3.0	3.1	3.4	0.3
Bachelor's degree and higher	3.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.0
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	5,822	2,831	2,839	2,736	-103
Job leavers	783	787	793	764	-29
Reentrants	2,174	1,985	1,882	1,943	61
New entrants	526	463	515	535	20
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	1,974	2,289	2,227	2,066	-161
5 to 14 weeks	2,218	1,684	1,617	1,767	150
15 to 26 weeks	1,230	571	551	661	110
27 weeks and over	3,765	1,428	1,483	1,356	-127
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	5,267	4,170	4,033	4,328	295
Slack work or business conditions	4,016	2,880	2,647	2,996	349
Could only find part-time work	998	1,055	1,071	999	-72
Part time for noneconomic reasons	19,362	20,870	20,826	20,806	-20
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,946	1,360	1,622	1,472	-150
Discouraged workers	592	373	456	415	-41
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	447	398	436	390
Total private	381	385	405	333
Goods-producing	22	85	69	59
Mining and logging	6	5	8	5
Construction	-12	22	0	36
Manufacturing	28	58	61	18
Durable goods(1)	23	41	34	11
Motor vehicles and parts	19.6	18.4	7.5	-3.5
Nondurable goods	5	17	27	7
Private service-providing	359	300	336	274
Wholesale trade	8.5	25.9	22.9	14.1
Retail trade	-25.2	-22.9	12.3	-60.7
Transportation and warehousing	28.8	3.7	46.2	47.0
Utilities	-0.9	-0.5	0.5	0.5
Information	15	18	15	16
Financial activities	0	11	35	8
Professional and business services(1)	80	94	49	75
Temporary help services	25.7	8.2	6.6	19.3
Education and health services(1)	38	51	60	74
Health care and social assistance	15.2	37.8	44.2	42.1
Leisure and hospitality	199	104	83	84
Other services	16	15	13	16
Government	66	13	31	57
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	471	539	516	408
Total private	414	527	498	374
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.8
Total private women employees	48.4	48.3	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.4	81.5	81.5	81.5
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.9	34.6	34.6	34.6
Average hourly earnings	$30.36	$31.75	$31.85	$31.95
Average weekly earnings	$1,059.56	$1,098.55	$1,102.01	$1,105.47
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	107.9	111.8	112.1	112.4
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	0.0	0.3	0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	156.6	169.7	170.7	171.7
Over-the-month percent change	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.6
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (256 industries)	64.5	74.2	72.3	69.3
Manufacturing (74 industries)	55.4	72.3	71.6	66.2
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 670,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-70,000 to +170,000 (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	261,210	263,559	263,679	261,210	263,202	263,324	263,444	263,559	263,679
Civilian labor force	160,607	163,449	164,157	160,801	163,687	163,991	164,409	164,046	164,376
Participation rate	61.5	62.0	62.3	61.6	62.2	62.3	62.4	62.2	62.3
Employed	151,778	157,991	158,609	151,550	157,174	157,722	158,458	158,105	158,426
Employment-population ratio	58.1	59.9	60.2	58.0	59.7	59.9	60.1	60.0	60.1
Unemployed	8,829	5,458	5,548	9,251	6,513	6,270	5,952	5,941	5,950
Unemployment rate	5.5	3.3	3.4	5.8	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6
Not in labor force	100,603	100,110	99,521	100,409	99,516	99,333	99,035	99,513	99,302
Persons who currently want a job	7,087	5,712	6,180	6,583	5,704	5,355	5,737	5,859	5,681
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,369	128,411	128,470	126,369	128,236	128,296	128,355	128,411	128,470
Civilian labor force	85,329	87,041	87,312	85,307	87,074	87,567	87,660	87,377	87,366
Participation rate	67.5	67.8	68.0	67.5	67.9	68.3	68.3	68.0	68.0
Employed	80,430	83,922	84,379	80,197	83,518	84,247	84,465	84,089	84,218
Employment-population ratio	63.6	65.4	65.7	63.5	65.1	65.7	65.8	65.5	65.6
Unemployed	4,899	3,119	2,933	5,110	3,556	3,320	3,195	3,288	3,148
Unemployment rate	5.7	3.6	3.4	6.0	4.1	3.8	3.6	3.8	3.6
Not in labor force	41,040	41,371	41,158	41,062	41,162	40,729	40,695	41,034	41,104
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	118,059	119,780	119,831	118,059	119,612	119,669	119,726	119,780	119,831
Civilian labor force	82,394	84,157	84,273	82,297	83,967	84,446	84,426	84,295	84,249
Participation rate	69.8	70.3	70.3	69.7	70.2	70.6	70.5	70.4	70.3
Employed	77,786	81,324	81,649	77,489	80,767	81,473	81,554	81,334	81,422
Employment-population ratio	65.9	67.9	68.1	65.6	67.5	68.1	68.1	67.9	67.9
Unemployed	4,608	2,834	2,624	4,808	3,199	2,973	2,872	2,961	2,827
Unemployment rate	5.6	3.4	3.1	5.8	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.4
Not in labor force	35,665	35,623	35,558	35,762	35,645	35,224	35,300	35,486	35,582
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	134,841	135,148	135,209	134,841	134,966	135,028	135,089	135,148	135,209
Civilian labor force	75,277	76,409	76,845	75,494	76,612	76,425	76,749	76,670	77,010
Participation rate	55.8	56.5	56.8	56.0	56.8	56.6	56.8	56.7	57.0
Employed	71,348	74,069	74,230	71,353	73,656	73,475	73,992	74,017	74,208
Employment-population ratio	52.9	54.8	54.9	52.9	54.6	54.4	54.8	54.8	54.9
Unemployed	3,929	2,339	2,615	4,141	2,957	2,950	2,757	2,653	2,802
Unemployment rate	5.2	3.1	3.4	5.5	3.9	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.6
Not in labor force	59,563	58,739	58,364	59,347	58,354	58,604	58,340	58,479	58,199
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,704	126,749	126,802	126,704	126,570	126,631	126,691	126,749	126,802
Civilian labor force	72,323	73,418	73,782	72,499	73,494	73,446	73,695	73,514	73,911
Participation rate	57.1	57.9	58.2	57.2	58.1	58.0	58.2	58.0	58.3
Employed	68,664	71,348	71,488	68,633	70,857	70,775	71,244	71,170	71,432
Employment-population ratio	54.2	56.3	56.4	54.2	56.0	55.9	56.2	56.2	56.3
Unemployed	3,659	2,069	2,293	3,866	2,637	2,671	2,451	2,344	2,479
Unemployment rate	5.1	2.8	3.1	5.3	3.6	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.4
Not in labor force	54,381	53,331	53,020	54,206	53,076	53,185	52,996	53,234	52,891
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,446	17,030	17,046	16,446	17,020	17,024	17,027	17,030	17,046
Civilian labor force	5,889	5,874	6,103	6,005	6,226	6,100	6,288	6,237	6,216
Participation rate	35.8	34.5	35.8	36.5	36.6	35.8	36.9	36.6	36.5
Employed	5,327	5,319	5,472	5,428	5,550	5,474	5,660	5,601	5,571
Employment-population ratio	32.4	31.2	32.1	33.0	32.6	32.2	33.2	32.9	32.7
Unemployed	562	555	631	578	676	626	629	636	645
Unemployment rate	9.5	9.5	10.3	9.6	10.9	10.3	10.0	10.2	10.4
Not in labor force	10,558	11,156	10,943	10,441	10,795	10,924	10,739	10,793	10,830
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	201,743	202,982	203,039	201,743	202,819	202,875	202,932	202,982	203,039
Civilian labor force	123,766	125,320	125,560	123,915	125,782	126,139	126,364	125,664	125,772
Participation rate	61.3	61.7	61.8	61.4	62.0	62.2	62.3	61.9	61.9
Employed	117,808	121,625	121,823	117,626	121,497	121,967	122,357	121,606	121,724
Employment-population ratio	58.4	59.9	60.0	58.3	59.9	60.1	60.3	59.9	60.0
Unemployed	5,958	3,694	3,737	6,289	4,285	4,172	4,007	4,058	4,048
Unemployment rate	4.8	2.9	3.0	5.1	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2
Not in labor force	77,976	77,663	77,479	77,828	77,038	76,736	76,568	77,319	77,267
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	64,589	65,546	65,632	64,544	65,736	65,972	66,059	65,540	65,653
Participation rate	69.8	70.0	70.1	69.7	70.2	70.5	70.6	70.0	70.1
Employed	61,508	63,615	63,780	61,273	63,612	63,995	64,043	63,521	63,620
Employment-population ratio	66.5	67.9	68.1	66.2	68.0	68.4	68.4	67.8	67.9
Unemployed	3,082	1,931	1,852	3,271	2,124	1,977	2,015	2,020	2,033
Unemployment rate	4.8	2.9	2.8	5.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,564	55,143	55,208	54,669	55,169	55,312	55,376	55,215	55,315
Participation rate	56.2	56.9	57.0	56.3	57.0	57.1	57.2	57.0	57.1
Employed	52,105	53,794	53,754	52,072	53,449	53,571	53,803	53,656	53,731
Employment-population ratio	53.6	55.5	55.5	53.6	55.2	55.3	55.6	55.4	55.5
Unemployed	2,459	1,348	1,455	2,597	1,720	1,740	1,572	1,559	1,583
Unemployment rate	4.5	2.4	2.6	4.8	3.1	3.1	2.8	2.8	2.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,613	4,630	4,719	4,702	4,877	4,855	4,930	4,909	4,804
Participation rate	38.2	37.1	37.8	39.0	39.1	38.9	39.5	39.4	38.5
Employed	4,196	4,216	4,289	4,281	4,435	4,400	4,510	4,429	4,373
Employment-population ratio	34.8	33.8	34.4	35.5	35.6	35.3	36.2	35.5	35.1
Unemployed	417	415	430	421	442	455	420	480	431
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.0	9.1	9.0	9.1	9.4	8.5	9.8	9.0
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,572	34,055	34,079	33,572	33,978	34,004	34,030	34,055	34,079
Civilian labor force	20,409	21,176	21,441	20,489	21,056	21,145	21,134	21,209	21,475
Participation rate	60.8	62.2	62.9	61.0	62.0	62.2	62.1	62.3	63.0
Employed	18,603	19,992	20,147	18,617	19,597	19,751	19,825	19,963	20,141
Employment-population ratio	55.4	58.7	59.1	55.5	57.7	58.1	58.3	58.6	59.1
Unemployed	1,806	1,184	1,294	1,872	1,459	1,394	1,309	1,246	1,335
Unemployment rate	8.8	5.6	6.0	9.1	6.9	6.6	6.2	5.9	6.2
Not in labor force	13,163	12,880	12,638	13,083	12,922	12,859	12,895	12,846	12,604
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,469	9,955	9,993	9,468	9,741	9,966	9,817	9,969	9,983
Participation rate	66.8	68.8	69.0	66.7	67.5	69.0	67.9	68.9	68.9
Employed	8,550	9,343	9,430	8,549	9,051	9,327	9,264	9,360	9,416
Employment-population ratio	60.3	64.5	65.1	60.3	62.7	64.5	64.1	64.7	65.0
Unemployed	920	612	563	920	690	640	553	608	566
Unemployment rate	9.7	6.1	5.6	9.7	7.1	6.4	5.6	6.1	5.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,260	10,573	10,705	10,321	10,568	10,537	10,569	10,555	10,731
Participation rate	60.4	61.8	62.5	60.7	61.9	61.7	61.8	61.7	62.7
Employed	9,467	10,090	10,115	9,461	9,954	9,897	9,984	10,022	10,102
Employment-population ratio	55.7	59.0	59.1	55.7	58.3	57.9	58.4	58.6	59.0
Unemployed	793	482	590	860	614	640	585	533	629
Unemployment rate	7.7	4.6	5.5	8.3	5.8	6.1	5.5	5.0	5.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	679	648	743	700	747	642	749	686	762
Participation rate	28.4	26.2	30.0	29.3	30.2	26.0	30.3	27.7	30.8
Employed	587	558	602	608	592	528	577	581	622
Employment-population ratio	24.6	22.6	24.3	25.4	24.0	21.4	23.3	23.5	25.1
Unemployed	92	89	140	92	155	114	172	104	140
Unemployment rate	13.6	13.8	18.9	13.2	20.7	17.8	22.9	15.2	18.3
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,529	16,826	16,815	16,529	16,903	16,782	16,803	16,826	16,815
Civilian labor force	10,401	10,763	10,854	10,477	10,880	10,555	10,761	10,837	10,912
Participation rate	62.9	64.0	64.5	63.4	64.4	62.9	64.0	64.4	64.9
Employed	9,834	10,453	10,613	9,899	10,492	10,231	10,460	10,504	10,651
Employment-population ratio	59.5	62.1	63.1	59.9	62.1	61.0	62.3	62.4	63.3
Unemployed	567	310	241	578	388	324	300	333	261
Unemployment rate	5.5	2.9	2.2	5.5	3.6	3.1	2.8	3.1	2.4
Not in labor force	6,128	6,064	5,961	6,051	6,022	6,227	6,042	5,989	5,903
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	44,786	45,963	46,039	44,786	45,740	45,816	45,888	45,963	46,039
Civilian labor force	29,076	30,311	30,512	29,165	30,390	30,492	30,475	30,376	30,610
Participation rate	64.9	65.9	66.3	65.1	66.4	66.6	66.4	66.1	66.5
Employed	27,105	29,155	29,305	27,086	28,893	29,136	29,209	29,121	29,279
Employment-population ratio	60.5	63.4	63.7	60.5	63.2	63.6	63.7	63.4	63.6
Unemployed	1,971	1,156	1,207	2,080	1,497	1,356	1,265	1,255	1,331
Unemployment rate	6.8	3.8	4.0	7.1	4.9	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.3
Not in labor force	15,709	15,652	15,527	15,620	15,350	15,324	15,414	15,587	15,429
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	16,035	16,634	16,693	16,043	16,586	16,700	16,619	16,604	16,717
Participation rate	79.2	79.9	80.0	79.3	80.0	80.4	79.9	79.7	80.1
Employed	15,063	16,036	16,199	15,020	15,867	16,086	15,979	15,989	16,152
Employment-population ratio	74.4	77.0	77.7	74.2	76.6	77.5	76.8	76.8	77.4
Unemployed	972	598	494	1,023	719	614	640	615	566
Unemployment rate	6.1	3.6	3.0	6.4	4.3	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,848	12,294	12,430	11,887	12,383	12,403	12,477	12,331	12,466
Participation rate	57.8	58.8	59.4	58.0	59.6	59.6	59.8	59.0	59.6
Employed	11,006	11,859	11,874	11,006	11,775	11,802	11,950	11,857	11,876
Employment-population ratio	53.7	56.8	56.7	53.7	56.6	56.7	57.3	56.8	56.8
Unemployed	842	434	556	881	608	601	527	474	591
Unemployment rate	7.1	3.5	4.5	7.4	4.9	4.8	4.2	3.8	4.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,194	1,384	1,389	1,235	1,421	1,389	1,379	1,441	1,427
Participation rate	29.6	32.6	32.6	30.6	33.6	32.8	32.5	34.0	33.5
Employed	1,037	1,260	1,231	1,061	1,251	1,248	1,280	1,275	1,252
Employment-population ratio	25.7	29.7	29.0	26.3	29.6	29.5	30.2	30.1	29.4
Unemployed	157	124	157	175	170	141	98	165	175
Unemployment rate	13.1	8.9	11.3	14.1	12.0	10.2	7.1	11.5	12.2
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	8,911	9,300	9,399	8,772	8,687	8,962	9,097	9,207	9,194
Participation rate	43.4	44.9	45.0	42.7	44.5	46.8	45.6	44.4	44.0
Employed	8,181	8,808	8,975	7,989	8,142	8,574	8,627	8,713	8,719
Employment-population ratio	39.8	42.5	43.0	38.9	41.7	44.8	43.2	42.0	41.8
Unemployed	730	492	425	783	545	388	470	494	475
Unemployment rate	8.2	5.3	4.5	8.9	6.3	4.3	5.2	5.4	5.2
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	34,921	36,498	36,088	34,990	37,064	36,589	36,847	36,464	36,118
Participation rate	55.5	56.8	56.8	55.6	57.2	56.2	56.8	56.8	56.8
Employed	32,661	35,168	34,826	32,582	35,361	34,953	35,368	35,064	34,760
Employment-population ratio	51.9	54.7	54.8	51.8	54.6	53.7	54.5	54.6	54.7
Unemployed	2,260	1,330	1,262	2,408	1,703	1,636	1,479	1,401	1,358
Unemployment rate	6.5	3.6	3.5	6.9	4.6	4.5	4.0	3.8	3.8
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,811	35,628	35,739	35,975	35,320	35,391	35,555	35,540	35,787
Participation rate	63.2	63.5	63.4	63.5	63.1	63.6	63.4	63.4	63.5
Employed	33,812	34,586	34,600	33,830	34,059	34,060	34,480	34,445	34,565
Employment-population ratio	59.7	61.7	61.4	59.7	60.9	61.2	61.5	61.4	61.3
Unemployed	1,999	1,042	1,139	2,145	1,261	1,331	1,075	1,095	1,222
Unemployment rate	5.6	2.9	3.2	6.0	3.6	3.8	3.0	3.1	3.4
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	60,493	61,702	62,162	60,647	61,699	62,003	61,597	61,705	62,295
Participation rate	72.2	72.9	73.2	72.4	72.6	72.4	72.8	72.9	73.3
Employed	58,715	60,579	61,069	58,755	60,294	60,656	60,386	60,459	61,078
Employment-population ratio	70.1	71.6	71.9	70.1	70.9	70.9	71.4	71.5	71.9
Unemployed	1,779	1,123	1,093	1,892	1,404	1,347	1,211	1,247	1,217
Unemployment rate	2.9	1.8	1.8	3.1	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.0
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	May 2021	May 2022	May 2021	May 2022	May 2021	May 2022
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,850	18,403	16,839	16,378	2,011	2,025
Civilian labor force	9,146	8,790	7,958	7,605	1,188	1,185
Participation rate	48.5	47.8	47.3	46.4	59.1	58.5
Employed	8,767	8,548	7,644	7,381	1,123	1,168
Employment-population ratio	46.5	46.4	45.4	45.1	55.8	57.7
Unemployed	379	242	314	224	65	18
Unemployment rate	4.1	2.7	3.9	2.9	5.5	1.5
Not in labor force	9,704	9,613	8,881	8,773	823	840
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,833	4,936	3,985	4,031	848	906
Civilian labor force	3,836	3,928	3,273	3,292	563	636
Participation rate	79.4	79.6	82.1	81.7	66.3	70.2
Employed	3,683	3,801	3,159	3,180	524	621
Employment-population ratio	76.2	77.0	79.3	78.9	61.8	68.6
Unemployed	153	126	114	112	39	15
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.2	3.5	3.4	6.9	2.3
Not in labor force	998	1,009	712	739	286	270
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,128	3,182	2,643	2,722	485	459
Civilian labor force	2,304	2,267	1,941	1,955	364	312
Participation rate	73.7	71.3	73.4	71.8	75.0	68.0
Employed	2,215	2,210	1,865	1,900	350	310
Employment-population ratio	70.8	69.5	70.6	69.8	72.2	67.6
Unemployed	89	57	76	55	14	2
Unemployment rate	3.9	2.5	3.9	2.8	3.8	0.7
Not in labor force	823	914	702	767	121	147
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,739	6,274	6,478	6,024	261	250
Civilian labor force	1,126	926	1,080	881	45	44
Participation rate	16.7	14.8	16.7	14.6	17.4	17.7
Employed	1,089	899	1,048	855	42	44
Employment-population ratio	16.2	14.3	16.2	14.2	16.0	17.7
Unemployed	36	26	33	26	4	0
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.8	3.0	3.0	-	-
Not in labor force	5,613	5,348	5,398	5,143	216	206
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,150	4,011	3,733	3,601	417	410
Civilian labor force	1,881	1,669	1,664	1,477	216	193
Participation rate	45.3	41.6	44.6	41.0	51.9	47.0
Employed	1,780	1,637	1,572	1,446	208	192
Employment-population ratio	42.9	40.8	42.1	40.1	49.8	46.8
Unemployed	101	32	92	31	9	1
Unemployment rate	5.4	1.9	5.5	2.1	4.1	0.5
Not in labor force	2,269	2,342	2,069	2,124	201	217
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	233,681	236,329	105,100	107,735	128,581	128,593
Civilian labor force	149,294	153,054	76,311	78,607	72,983	74,448
Participation rate	63.9	64.8	72.6	73.0	56.8	57.9
Employed	141,045	147,993	71,819	75,999	69,225	71,995
Employment-population ratio	60.4	62.6	68.3	70.5	53.8	56.0
Unemployed	8,249	5,061	4,492	2,608	3,758	2,453
Unemployment rate	5.5	3.3	5.9	3.3	5.1	3.3
Not in labor force	84,387	83,274	28,789	29,129	55,598	54,146
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	May 2021	May 2022	May 2021	May 2022
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,888	32,686	230,322	230,993
Civilian labor force	6,375	7,497	154,232	156,661
Participation rate	20.6	22.9	67.0	67.8
Employed	5,723	6,961	146,056	151,649
Employment-population ratio	18.5	21.3	63.4	65.7
Unemployed	653	536	8,176	5,012
Unemployment rate	10.2	7.1	5.3	3.2
Not in labor force	24,513	25,189	76,091	74,332
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,625	3,086	76,833	78,119
Participation rate	35.2	38.3	82.0	82.5
Employed	2,304	2,834	72,535	75,607
Employment-population ratio	30.8	35.2	77.4	79.9
Unemployed	321	252	4,297	2,512
Unemployment rate	12.2	8.2	5.6	3.2
Not in labor force	4,843	4,974	16,895	16,558
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,640	3,074	68,042	69,039
Participation rate	33.3	36.2	70.8	71.9
Employed	2,373	2,842	64,636	66,794
Employment-population ratio	29.9	33.5	67.2	69.6
Unemployed	267	232	3,406	2,245
Unemployment rate	10.1	7.5	5.0	3.3
Not in labor force	5,286	5,406	28,128	26,978
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,110	1,337	9,357	9,502
Participation rate	7.2	8.3	23.1	23.6
Employed	1,045	1,285	8,885	9,248
Employment-population ratio	6.7	8.0	22.0	22.9
Unemployed	65	52	473	255
Unemployment rate	5.8	3.9	5.1	2.7
Not in labor force	14,384	14,810	31,067	30,796
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	May 2021	May 2022	May 2021	May 2022	May 2021	May 2022
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,869	45,230	20,609	22,058	22,259	23,172
Civilian labor force	27,327	29,648	15,578	16,949	11,749	12,699
Participation rate	63.7	65.5	75.6	76.8	52.8	54.8
Employed	25,789	28,690	14,745	16,432	11,045	12,258
Employment-population ratio	60.2	63.4	71.5	74.5	49.6	52.9
Unemployed	1,537	958	834	516	704	441
Unemployment rate	5.6	3.2	5.4	3.0	6.0	3.5
Not in labor force	15,542	15,582	5,031	5,110	10,511	10,473
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	218,341	218,448	105,760	106,412	112,581	112,037
Civilian labor force	133,280	134,509	69,751	70,364	63,529	64,146
Participation rate	61.0	61.6	66.0	66.1	56.4	57.3
Employed	125,989	129,919	65,685	67,947	60,303	61,972
Employment-population ratio	57.7	59.5	62.1	63.9	53.6	55.3
Unemployed	7,291	4,590	4,066	2,417	3,226	2,173
Unemployment rate	5.5	3.4	5.8	3.4	5.1	3.4
Not in labor force	85,061	83,939	36,009	36,048	49,052	47,891
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,337	2,265	2,399	2,291	2,326	2,383	2,378	2,349	2,355
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,543	1,435	1,574	1,527	1,501	1,525	1,571	1,505	1,553
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	756	798	801	732	771	801	758	800	776
Unpaid family workers	37	32	24	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	149,442	155,726	156,210	149,381	154,598	155,094	155,871	155,729	156,183
Wage and salary workers(1)	139,977	146,650	146,725	139,967	145,993	146,263	146,955	146,638	146,455
Government	20,613	21,128	20,985	20,475	21,274	20,971	21,296	20,948	20,885
Private industries	119,364	125,521	125,740	119,334	124,240	124,886	125,204	125,371	125,619
Private households	586	591	610	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	118,778	124,931	125,130	118,732	123,512	124,144	124,505	124,658	124,955
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,370	9,030	9,410	9,265	9,089	9,175	9,260	9,086	9,291
Unpaid family workers	94	46	75	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,046	3,822	4,115	5,267	3,717	4,135	4,170	4,033	4,328
Slack work or business conditions	3,843	2,500	2,858	4,016	2,430	2,707	2,880	2,647	2,996
Could only find part-time work	1,012	1,077	1,002	998	969	1,060	1,055	1,071	999
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,364	21,479	20,822	19,362	20,198	20,667	20,870	20,826	20,806
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,016	3,777	4,033	5,227	3,620	4,105	4,149	3,996	4,235
Slack work or business conditions	3,819	2,472	2,796	3,983	2,400	2,672	2,842	2,617	2,927
Could only find part-time work	1,012	1,071	993	995	960	1,053	1,049	1,064	988
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	18,984	21,092	20,447	18,991	19,839	20,275	20,498	20,435	20,438
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	151,778	157,991	158,609	151,550	157,174	157,722	158,458	158,105	158,426
16 to 19 years	5,327	5,319	5,472	5,428	5,550	5,474	5,660	5,601	5,571
16 to 17 years	1,967	2,115	2,068	2,083	2,188	2,295	2,310	2,316	2,194
18 to 19 years	3,361	3,204	3,404	3,357	3,378	3,205	3,392	3,307	3,396
20 years and over	146,451	152,672	153,137	146,122	151,624	152,248	152,798	152,504	152,855
20 to 24 years	13,082	13,532	13,667	13,178	13,756	13,834	13,774	13,673	13,768
25 years and over	133,369	139,140	139,471	133,035	137,840	138,412	139,055	138,737	139,047
25 to 54 years	97,419	101,849	101,954	97,287	100,647	101,109	101,769	101,605	101,734
25 to 34 years	34,470	35,523	35,609	34,436	34,985	35,125	35,367	35,472	35,569
35 to 44 years	32,567	34,696	34,773	32,517	34,147	34,535	34,695	34,612	34,675
45 to 54 years	30,383	31,630	31,573	30,334	31,515	31,448	31,707	31,522	31,490
55 years and over	35,949	37,292	37,516	35,748	37,193	37,304	37,287	37,132	37,313
Men, 16 years and over	80,430	83,922	84,379	80,197	83,518	84,247	84,465	84,089	84,218
16 to 19 years	2,643	2,598	2,730	2,708	2,751	2,774	2,911	2,754	2,795
16 to 17 years	967	1,018	1,000	1,016	1,022	1,131	1,137	1,097	1,054
18 to 19 years	1,677	1,580	1,730	1,695	1,744	1,659	1,804	1,662	1,748
20 years and over	77,786	81,324	81,649	77,489	80,767	81,473	81,554	81,334	81,422
20 to 24 years	6,709	6,887	6,991	6,727	7,032	7,059	6,975	6,958	7,009
25 years and over	71,077	74,436	74,658	70,878	73,752	74,457	74,613	74,340	74,406
25 to 54 years	51,835	54,296	54,412	51,740	53,693	54,227	54,331	54,259	54,258
25 to 34 years	18,382	18,830	18,832	18,371	18,555	18,788	18,782	18,851	18,830
35 to 44 years	17,590	18,636	18,708	17,541	18,420	18,696	18,696	18,605	18,628
45 to 54 years	15,863	16,830	16,872	15,828	16,718	16,743	16,852	16,803	16,800
55 years and over	19,242	20,141	20,246	19,138	20,059	20,230	20,282	20,081	20,147
Women, 16 years and over	71,348	74,069	74,230	71,353	73,656	73,475	73,992	74,017	74,208
16 to 19 years	2,684	2,721	2,742	2,719	2,799	2,699	2,748	2,847	2,776
16 to 17 years	1,000	1,097	1,068	1,067	1,166	1,164	1,173	1,219	1,140
18 to 19 years	1,684	1,624	1,674	1,663	1,634	1,546	1,589	1,645	1,648
20 years and over	68,664	71,348	71,488	68,633	70,857	70,775	71,244	71,170	71,432
20 to 24 years	6,373	6,644	6,676	6,451	6,725	6,775	6,799	6,715	6,759
25 years and over	62,291	64,704	64,813	62,157	64,088	63,955	64,442	64,397	64,641
25 to 54 years	45,584	47,553	47,543	45,547	46,954	46,882	47,438	47,346	47,475
25 to 34 years	16,087	16,693	16,777	16,065	16,430	16,338	16,584	16,621	16,739
35 to 44 years	14,976	16,060	16,065	14,976	15,727	15,838	15,999	16,007	16,047
45 to 54 years	14,520	14,800	14,701	14,506	14,798	14,705	14,855	14,718	14,690
55 years and over	16,707	17,151	17,270	16,610	17,134	17,074	17,004	17,051	17,165
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	43,849	45,496	45,531	43,673	45,342	45,648	45,325	45,259	45,306
Married women, spouse present(1)	34,986	36,221	36,455	34,935	35,885	35,870	36,043	35,999	36,356
Women who maintain families(2)	9,711	10,014	10,019	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	126,579	131,362	132,820	126,514	131,164	131,806	132,718	132,067	132,800
Part-time workers(4)	25,199	26,629	25,789	25,189	25,817	25,801	25,902	26,091	25,766
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,249	7,532	7,313	7,235	7,486	7,431	7,370	7,539	7,302
Percent of total employed	4.8	4.8	4.6	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.6
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,063	6,678	6,823	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	10,126	9,828	10,211	9,998	9,860	9,976	10,018	9,886	10,067
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	9,251	5,941	5,950	5.8	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6
16 to 19 years	578	636	645	9.6	10.9	10.3	10.0	10.2	10.4
16 to 17 years	205	223	248	9.0	11.3	10.2	8.6	8.8	10.2
18 to 19 years	369	442	395	9.9	10.6	10.1	10.9	11.8	10.4
20 years and over	8,673	5,305	5,305	5.6	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.4
20 to 24 years	1,474	1,016	993	10.1	7.3	7.5	7.5	6.9	6.7
25 years and over	7,135	4,234	4,255	5.1	3.4	3.3	2.9	3.0	3.0
25 to 54 years	5,336	3,190	3,245	5.2	3.5	3.3	3.0	3.0	3.1
25 to 34 years	2,116	1,461	1,451	5.8	4.3	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.9
35 to 44 years	1,715	1,033	1,045	5.0	3.5	3.3	2.8	2.9	2.9
45 to 54 years	1,505	697	749	4.7	2.6	2.5	2.2	2.2	2.3
55 years and over	1,808	1,045	1,031	4.8	3.1	3.0	2.6	2.7	2.7
Men, 16 years and over	5,110	3,288	3,148	6.0	4.1	3.8	3.6	3.8	3.6
16 to 19 years	302	327	322	10.0	11.5	11.1	10.0	10.6	10.3
16 to 17 years	94	120	102	8.5	13.5	9.0	8.7	9.8	8.8
18 to 19 years	215	228	224	11.2	10.2	12.4	10.7	12.1	11.4
20 years and over	4,808	2,961	2,827	5.8	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.4
20 to 24 years	820	611	530	10.9	8.6	7.8	8.5	8.1	7.0
25 years and over	3,927	2,302	2,239	5.2	3.4	3.2	2.8	3.0	2.9
25 to 54 years	3,009	1,715	1,691	5.5	3.5	3.2	2.9	3.1	3.0
25 to 34 years	1,202	835	773	6.1	4.4	3.9	4.0	4.2	3.9
35 to 44 years	981	538	543	5.3	3.5	3.3	2.8	2.8	2.8
45 to 54 years	826	341	376	5.0	2.4	2.3	1.9	2.0	2.2
55 years and over	918	587	548	4.6	3.2	3.2	2.6	2.8	2.6
Women, 16 years and over	4,141	2,653	2,802	5.5	3.9	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.6
16 to 19 years	276	308	324	9.2	10.2	9.4	10.0	9.8	10.4
16 to 17 years	111	103	146	9.4	9.3	11.2	8.5	7.8	11.4
18 to 19 years	154	214	170	8.5	11.0	7.6	11.2	11.5	9.4
20 years and over	3,866	2,344	2,479	5.3	3.6	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.4
20 to 24 years	655	405	464	9.2	5.9	7.2	6.4	5.7	6.4
25 years and over	3,208	1,932	2,016	4.9	3.4	3.3	3.0	2.9	3.0
25 to 54 years	2,327	1,475	1,554	4.9	3.5	3.5	3.1	3.0	3.2
25 to 34 years	914	626	678	5.4	4.2	4.4	3.9	3.6	3.9
35 to 44 years	734	494	502	4.7	3.5	3.3	2.7	3.0	3.0
45 to 54 years	679	355	373	4.5	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.5
55 years and over	883	482	480	5.0	3.1	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.7
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,565	870	911	3.5	2.0	1.9	1.7	1.9	2.0
Married women, spouse present(1)	1,324	778	841	3.7	2.4	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.3
Women who maintain families(2)	687	420	525	6.6	5.0	5.3	4.8	4.0	5.0
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	7,802	4,729	4,722	5.8	3.9	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.4
Part-time workers(4)	1,365	1,187	1,157	5.1	4.4	4.0	4.2	4.4	4.3
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	5,384	2,650	2,323	5,822	3,220	3,044	2,831	2,839	2,736
On temporary layoff	1,562	731	545	1,820	959	888	787	853	810
Not on temporary layoff	3,821	1,919	1,778	4,001	2,261	2,156	2,044	1,987	1,927
Permanent job losers	3,113	1,373	1,304	3,228	1,630	1,583	1,392	1,386	1,386
Persons who completed temporary jobs	709	546	474	773	632	573	652	601	541
Job leavers	737	752	719	783	952	963	787	793	764
Reentrants	2,224	1,654	1,989	2,174	1,959	1,947	1,985	1,882	1,943
New entrants	483	402	516	526	433	417	463	515	535
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	61.0	48.6	41.9	62.6	49.1	47.8	46.7	47.1	45.8
On temporary layoff	17.7	13.4	9.8	19.6	14.6	13.9	13.0	14.1	13.5
Not on temporary layoff	43.3	35.2	32.0	43.0	34.5	33.8	33.7	33.0	32.2
Job leavers	8.4	13.8	13.0	8.4	14.5	15.1	13.0	13.1	12.8
Reentrants	25.2	30.3	35.9	23.4	29.8	30.6	32.7	31.2	32.5
New entrants	5.5	7.4	9.3	5.7	6.6	6.6	7.6	8.5	8.9
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3.4	1.6	1.4	3.6	2.0	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.7
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.4	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2
New entrants	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	1,963	1,895	1,994	1,974	2,417	2,131	2,289	2,227	2,066
5 to 14 weeks	1,793	1,344	1,449	2,218	1,607	1,800	1,684	1,617	1,767
15 weeks and over	5,073	2,219	2,105	4,995	2,507	2,437	1,999	2,033	2,017
15 to 26 weeks	1,381	814	826	1,230	816	735	571	551	661
27 weeks and over	3,692	1,405	1,279	3,765	1,691	1,702	1,428	1,483	1,356
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	30.7	26.6	23.2	29.4	24.6	26.6	24.2	25.0	22.5
Median duration, in weeks	19.9	10.4	9.4	19.3	10.1	9.6	7.5	7.5	9.6
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	22.2	34.7	35.9	21.5	37.0	33.5	38.3	37.9	35.3
5 to 14 weeks	20.3	24.6	26.1	24.1	24.6	28.3	28.2	27.5	30.2
15 weeks and over	57.5	40.7	37.9	54.4	38.4	38.3	33.5	34.6	34.5
15 to 26 weeks	15.6	14.9	14.9	13.4	12.5	11.5	9.6	9.4	11.3
27 weeks and over	41.8	25.7	23.1	41.0	25.9	26.7	23.9	25.2	23.2
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	May 2021	May 2022	May 2021	May 2022	May 2021	May 2022
Total, 16 years and over(1)	151,778	158,609	8,829	5,548	5.5	3.4
Management, professional, and related occupations	64,268	67,652	1,879	1,098	2.8	1.6
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	27,876	28,870	833	422	2.9	1.4
Professional and related occupations	36,392	38,782	1,046	677	2.8	1.7
Service occupations	24,023	26,025	1,965	1,153	7.6	4.2
Sales and office occupations	30,363	30,434	1,868	1,267	5.8	4.0
Sales and related occupations	14,265	14,477	980	633	6.4	4.2
Office and administrative support occupations	16,098	15,957	889	635	5.2	3.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,100	14,290	995	535	6.6	3.6
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,155	1,002	109	54	8.6	5.1
Construction and extraction occupations	7,922	8,514	670	403	7.8	4.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	5,022	4,774	216	78	4.1	1.6
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	19,025	20,209	1,628	968	7.9	4.6
Production occupations	7,769	8,281	529	334	6.4	3.9
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,256	11,928	1,099	634	8.9	5.0
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	May 2021	May 2022	May 2021	May 2022
Total, 16 years and over(1)	8,829	5,548	5.5	3.4
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	7,154	4,353	5.7	3.3
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	64	24	9.6	4.1
Construction	642	392	6.7	3.8
Manufacturing	705	422	4.8	2.8
Durable goods	467	256	5.0	2.7
Nondurable goods	238	166	4.3	2.9
Wholesale and retail trade	1,301	819	6.6	4.2
Transportation and utilities	566	348	7.2	4.1
Information	157	70	5.8	2.9
Financial activities	292	193	3.0	1.9
Professional and business services	952	583	5.4	3.1
Education and health services	840	620	3.4	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	1,294	681	10.1	5.1
Other services	341	200	5.3	3.1
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	138	49	8.4	3.1
Government workers	474	356	2.2	1.7
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	579	273	5.3	2.6
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	May 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	May 2022
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	3.2	1.4	1.3	3.1	1.5	1.5	1.2	1.2	1.2
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	3.4	1.6	1.4	3.6	2.0	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.7
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	5.5	3.3	3.4	5.8	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	5.8	3.6	3.6	6.1	4.2	4.1	3.8	3.9	3.9
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	6.6	4.3	4.2	6.9	4.9	4.7	4.4	4.6	4.5
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	9.7	6.6	6.7	10.1	7.1	7.2	6.9	7.0	7.1
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	May 2021	May 2022	May 2021	May 2022	May 2021	May 2022
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	100,603	99,521	41,040	41,158	59,563	58,364
Persons who currently want a job	7,087	6,180	3,482	2,996	3,605	3,184
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,872	1,417	1,018	758	854	659
Discouraged workers(2)	551	379	317	207	234	172
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,321	1,038	701	551	620	487
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,249	7,313	3,570	3,545	3,679	3,768
Percent of total employed	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.2	5.2	5.1
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,041	4,295	2,143	2,184	1,898	2,112
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,668	1,714	574	607	1,094	1,107
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	373	372	226	261	147	110
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,093	868	592	462	501	406
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)	Change from: Apr.2022 - May2022(p)
Total nonfarm	145,304	149,905	150,964	151,773	145,141	150,856	151,292	151,682	390
Total private	123,111	127,478	128,463	129,293	123,165	128,680	129,085	129,418	333
Goods-producing	20,220	20,645	20,865	21,076	20,209	20,922	20,991	21,050	59
Mining and logging	556	601	609	614	560	605	613	618	5
Logging	43.7	45.5	40.8	41.7	45.5	45.6	44.4	43.9	-0.5
Mining	512.2	555.1	567.9	572.1	514.5	559.0	568.3	574.1	5.8
Oil and gas extraction	114.8	129.7	136.2	136.5	116.0	130.9	137.3	137.4	0.1
Mining, except oil and gas	175.0	172.9	176.5	179.9	173.7	176.5	176.4	178.7	2.3
Coal mining	36.3	37.0	37.4	37.7	36.3	36.8	37.0	37.7	0.7
Metal ore mining	41.1	42.8	43.1	43.6	41.2	43.0	43.4	43.6	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	97.6	93.1	96.0	98.6	96.2	96.7	96.0	97.4	1.4
Support activities for mining	222.4	252.5	255.2	255.7	224.8	251.6	254.6	258.0	3.4
Construction	7,432	7,393	7,554	7,715	7,381	7,628	7,628	7,664	36
Construction of buildings	1,637.1	1,662.6	1,684.4	1,713.2	1,639.6	1,699.7	1,706.9	1,714.3	7.4
Residential building	853.1	873.2	886.2	903.7	853.5	893.3	897.9	902.9	5.0
Nonresidential building	784.0	789.4	798.2	809.5	786.1	806.4	809.0	811.4	2.4
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,070.2	1,005.1	1,067.9	1,110.2	1,044.1	1,070.8	1,072.5	1,083.8	11.3
Specialty trade contractors	4,725.1	4,725.6	4,802.1	4,891.1	4,697.7	4,857.2	4,848.8	4,866.2	17.4
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,187.5	2,193.4	2,225.3	2,269.2	2,175.9	2,242.8	2,242.8	2,254.5	11.7
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,537.6	2,532.2	2,576.8	2,621.9	2,521.8	2,614.4	2,606.0	2,611.7	5.7
Manufacturing	12,232	12,651	12,702	12,747	12,268	12,689	12,750	12,768	18
Durable goods	7,605	7,873	7,902	7,925	7,616	7,887	7,921	7,932	11
Wood products	402.4	427.2	430.4	432.4	406.5	427.4	431.2	435.0	3.8
Nonmetallic mineral products	402.5	402.6	408.5	415.5	398.2	410.0	408.9	410.8	1.9
Primary metals	347.3	360.1	359.3	361.3	348.4	359.7	360.5	362.2	1.7
Fabricated metal products	1,373.7	1,427.1	1,427.1	1,435.0	1,374.9	1,428.0	1,429.6	1,436.7	7.1
Machinery	1,050.2	1,084.3	1,087.6	1,088.6	1,052.3	1,086.3	1,092.2	1,089.0	-3.2
Computer and electronic products	1,054.2	1,068.3	1,072.3	1,077.5	1,056.3	1,070.2	1,074.8	1,079.2	4.4
Computer and peripheral equipment	156.5	158.8	160.1	160.5	156.9	159.5	160.2	160.8	0.6
Communications equipment	85.4	84.7	84.5	83.9	85.6	84.1	84.5	84.2	-0.3
Semiconductors and electronic components	366.1	375.1	376.2	378.7	367.0	375.5	377.7	379.4	1.7
Electronic instruments	416.3	418.9	419.9	423.9	416.5	419.8	420.5	423.9	3.4
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	29.9	30.8	31.6	30.5	30.3	31.3	32.0	31.0	-1.0
Electrical equipment and appliances	392.0	407.3	408.5	408.6	393.6	408.2	409.4	410.0	0.6
Transportation equipment(1)	1,606.1	1,677.9	1,692.0	1,683.3	1,608.6	1,674.0	1,693.5	1,685.6	-7.9
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	931.2	989.4	1,002.1	992.3	933.4	989.3	996.8	993.3	-3.5
Furniture and related products	368.9	385.8	382.7	386.0	369.8	387.1	386.1	387.1	1.0
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	607.6	632.4	633.2	636.6	607.7	635.6	634.8	635.9	1.1
Nondurable goods	4,627	4,778	4,800	4,822	4,652	4,802	4,829	4,836	7
Food manufacturing	1,610.1	1,666.8	1,668.0	1,678.1	1,632.1	1,682.5	1,690.2	1,696.3	6.1
Textile mills	97.3	99.6	100.5	100.7	97.0	100.0	101.1	100.4	-0.7
Textile product mills	103.2	106.4	106.0	105.7	103.3	106.1	105.8	105.7	-0.1
Apparel	91.5	94.6	93.7	95.7	91.2	94.9	94.2	95.1	0.9
Paper and paper products	344.5	358.4	358.5	359.2	345.8	357.2	358.4	359.5	1.1
Printing and related support activities	365.4	371.6	375.5	377.1	366.6	373.4	377.8	377.4	-0.4
Petroleum and coal products	106.1	104.2	107.9	108.7	105.2	107.0	108.5	107.7	-0.8
Chemicals	865.2	889.3	890.8	893.9	867.0	888.7	890.7	894.4	3.7
Plastics and rubber products	720.3	744.7	747.9	748.8	720.6	740.8	746.6	746.2	-0.4
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	323.5	342.6	350.8	354.1	322.8	351.5	355.9	353.0	-2.9
Private service-providing	102,891	106,833	107,598	108,217	102,956	107,758	108,094	108,368	274
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,335	28,361	28,357	28,420	27,538	28,569	28,650	28,651	1
Wholesale trade	5,657.1	5,789.3	5,823.6	5,860.6	5,655.6	5,814.7	5,837.6	5,851.7	14.1
Durable goods	3,108.7	3,191.2	3,206.7	3,227.1	3,110.7	3,201.3	3,213.2	3,223.6	10.4
Nondurable goods	2,067.6	2,113.7	2,127.2	2,138.5	2,061.6	2,128.2	2,134.2	2,132.4	-1.8
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	480.8	484.4	489.7	495.0	483.3	485.2	490.2	495.7	5.5
Retail trade	15,227.4	15,669.9	15,658.6	15,641.9	15,313.6	15,804.9	15,817.2	15,756.5	-60.7
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,944.8	1,960.1	1,966.9	1,972.5	1,938.5	1,966.8	1,967.3	1,966.4	-0.9
Automobile dealers	1,222.0	1,235.4	1,236.5	1,235.9	1,220.8	1,235.6	1,236.6	1,235.0	-1.6
Other motor vehicle dealers	175.1	167.0	170.1	175.6	169.2	171.5	169.2	169.8	0.6
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	547.7	557.7	560.3	561.0	548.6	559.6	561.4	561.5	0.1
Furniture and home furnishings stores	439.6	444.6	436.9	435.2	443.3	445.7	441.7	439.6	-2.1
Electronics and appliance stores	415.3	428.6	427.6	425.8	423.8	432.9	432.7	433.5	0.8
Building material and garden supply stores	1,459.1	1,402.1	1,388.4	1,411.8	1,398.7	1,385.9	1,367.2	1,359.9	-7.3
Food and beverage stores	3,104.9	3,145.7	3,154.9	3,158.6	3,124.4	3,156.9	3,179.1	3,170.8	-8.3
Health and personal care stores	1,024.3	1,067.5	1,058.6	1,049.3	1,030.1	1,071.0	1,062.7	1,057.4	-5.3
Gasoline stations	928.6	953.5	960.9	973.1	933.1	967.7	972.9	975.7	2.8
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	997.6	1,047.1	1,048.3	1,053.3	1,030.7	1,088.9	1,092.9	1,084.1	-8.8
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	510.6	522.0	523.6	528.4	524.6	539.2	540.4	543.8	3.4
General merchandise stores	2,982.1	3,227.2	3,211.6	3,140.2	3,040.2	3,252.4	3,255.8	3,223.1	-32.7
Department stores	891.2	949.2	937.3	927.4	932.7	975.9	971.7	966.7	-5.0
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	2,090.9	2,278.0	2,274.3	2,212.8	2,107.5	2,276.6	2,284.1	2,256.3	-27.8
Miscellaneous store retailers	803.9	830.2	842.7	856.8	798.3	844.7	851.7	850.3	-1.4
Nonstore retailers	616.6	641.3	638.2	636.9	627.9	652.8	652.8	651.9	-0.9
Transportation and warehousing	5,909.1	6,363.8	6,337.7	6,379.0	6,026.6	6,410.6	6,456.8	6,503.8	47.0
Air transportation	463.3	537.9	541.8	549.9	461.7	539.1	543.2	548.9	5.7
Rail transportation	147.0	145.9	146.2	146.2	147.3	145.7	145.9	146.4	0.5
Water transportation	57.0	56.7	58.3	60.5	56.5	58.6	58.8	59.6	0.8
Truck transportation	1,497.6	1,534.6	1,549.5	1,572.0	1,510.9	1,554.0	1,568.0	1,581.3	13.3
Transit and ground passenger transportation	389.5	407.4	408.8	413.7	375.1	394.1	394.7	398.2	3.5
Pipeline transportation	49.7	49.6	50.3	50.2	49.7	49.7	50.3	50.2	-0.1
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	22.0	21.2	22.4	26.8	20.2	25.7	24.9	25.2	0.3
Support activities for transportation	707.4	765.3	768.5	768.6	712.9	766.9	771.3	774.7	3.4
Couriers and messengers	985.8	1,074.1	1,030.7	1,029.7	1,067.6	1,110.2	1,116.0	1,117.9	1.9
Warehousing and storage	1,589.8	1,771.1	1,761.2	1,761.4	1,624.7	1,766.6	1,783.7	1,801.4	17.7
Utilities	541.1	537.7	537.1	538.3	542.3	538.3	538.8	539.3	0.5
Information	2,796	2,926	2,944	2,959	2,803	2,936	2,951	2,967	16
Publishing industries, except Internet	787.9	814.2	816.9	816.4	790.3	814.6	819.1	818.7	-0.4
Motion picture and sound recording industries	354.4	412.1	414.7	428.2	354.8	424.7	420.7	431.3	10.6
Broadcasting, except Internet	235.7	233.6	232.8	233.6	235.9	233.2	233.4	233.5	0.1
Telecommunications	662.5	658.9	662.9	656.4	665.8	656.2	660.3	658.9	-1.4
Data processing, hosting and related services	379.7	405.4	412.2	417.8	379.3	404.7	411.6	416.8	5.2
Other information services	375.3	401.4	404.8	406.3	376.7	402.7	406.2	407.7	1.5
Financial activities	8,720	8,855	8,901	8,920	8,747	8,905	8,940	8,948	8
Finance and insurance	6,487.1	6,554.9	6,577.3	6,563.7	6,507.8	6,562.5	6,589.9	6,583.5	-6.4
Monetary authorities - central bank	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.8	20.8	20.8	20.8	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,700.1	2,714.5	2,715.1	2,710.9	2,705.4	2,716.0	2,717.8	2,716.3	-1.5
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,742.4	1,732.1	1,726.6	1,728.5	1,741.8	1,731.6	1,729.0	1,728.0	-1.0
Commercial banking	1,362.1	1,341.0	1,335.0	1,333.9	1,360.2	1,339.5	1,337.4	1,333.1	-4.3
Nondepository credit intermediation	628.6	641.9	647.6	645.8	633.4	645.0	649.5	650.4	0.9
Activities related to credit intermediation	329.1	340.5	340.9	336.6	330.3	339.3	339.2	337.9	-1.3
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	980.9	1,007.4	1,012.3	1,014.8	986.4	1,013.6	1,018.2	1,019.4	1.2
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,785.4	2,812.3	2,829.2	2,817.3	2,795.2	2,812.1	2,833.1	2,827.0	-6.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,233.1	2,300.4	2,323.6	2,356.6	2,239.3	2,342.1	2,350.0	2,364.0	14.0
Real estate	1,728.9	1,769.4	1,784.4	1,799.9	1,735.5	1,795.8	1,801.8	1,809.2	7.4
Rental and leasing services	483.9	510.9	518.1	535.4	483.3	525.8	526.9	533.4	6.5
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	20.3	20.1	21.1	21.3	20.5	20.5	21.3	21.4	0.1
Professional and business services	20,993	21,911	22,100	22,154	21,023	22,090	22,139	22,214	75
Professional and technical services	9,738.6	10,309.5	10,380.6	10,318.3	9,804.9	10,299.9	10,340.1	10,388.3	48.2
Legal services	1,144.5	1,169.8	1,172.8	1,174.0	1,148.8	1,174.9	1,178.2	1,178.8	0.6
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,013.9	1,165.6	1,160.8	1,066.1	1,049.9	1,078.7	1,086.3	1,101.9	15.6
Architectural and engineering services	1,527.5	1,587.6	1,602.9	1,615.7	1,531.8	1,609.6	1,615.0	1,620.3	5.3
Specialized design services	139.4	146.5	149.4	152.2	139.5	148.8	150.3	151.9	1.6
Computer systems design and related services	2,271.6	2,385.1	2,413.6	2,420.3	2,278.0	2,404.7	2,414.2	2,427.3	13.1
Management and technical consulting services	1,608.1	1,716.7	1,731.7	1,735.2	1,615.4	1,731.8	1,737.4	1,744.2	6.8
Scientific research and development services	812.1	856.3	862.0	867.8	816.4	861.8	866.5	872.5	6.0
Advertising and related services	439.0	476.3	477.0	474.6	440.2	476.7	477.3	475.4	-1.9
Other professional and technical services	782.5	805.6	810.4	812.4	785.0	812.9	814.8	816.0	1.2
Management of companies and enterprises	2,324.6	2,360.1	2,358.9	2,365.3	2,330.8	2,366.9	2,365.1	2,371.9	6.8
Administrative and waste services	8,929.8	9,241.6	9,360.8	9,470.7	8,887.1	9,422.8	9,433.3	9,453.4	20.1
Administrative and support services	8,478.8	8,776.9	8,894.5	9,000.2	8,435.4	8,952.9	8,962.8	8,981.6	18.8
Office administrative services	540.9	572.7	582.4	587.0	539.1	577.1	582.4	584.8	2.4
Facilities support services	155.5	153.5	153.6	149.3	156.2	153.0	154.4	150.8	-3.6
Employment services(1)	3,419.9	3,827.0	3,791.4	3,825.4	3,447.1	3,857.3	3,854.5	3,875.7	21.2
Temporary help services	2,777.3	3,126.3	3,091.5	3,120.7	2,803.2	3,141.4	3,148.0	3,167.3	19.3
Business support services	800.0	786.4	790.6	784.7	814.2	791.1	801.8	800.0	-1.8
Travel arrangement and reservation services	134.7	147.8	151.4	153.8	133.6	150.2	151.8	152.5	0.7
Investigation and security services	914.0	913.0	916.0	917.1	911.3	913.5	913.9	914.7	0.8
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,222.5	2,066.9	2,191.1	2,262.9	2,142.1	2,196.9	2,186.5	2,184.2	-2.3
Other support services	291.3	309.6	318.0	320.0	291.8	313.8	317.5	318.9	1.4
Waste management and remediation services	451.0	464.7	466.3	470.5	451.7	469.9	470.5	471.8	1.3
Education and health services	23,645	24,231	24,314	24,290	23,620	24,124	24,184	24,258	74
Educational services	3,571.4	3,892.9	3,911.7	3,827.0	3,550.6	3,753.5	3,769.3	3,801.8	32.5
Health care and social assistance	20,073.2	20,338.5	20,402.7	20,463.0	20,069.3	20,370.0	20,414.2	20,456.3	42.1
Health care(3)	15,990.8	16,169.4	16,211.3	16,245.0	16,017.8	16,202.8	16,239.6	16,267.9	28.3
Ambulatory health care services	7,847.2	8,076.9	8,107.1	8,120.3	7,846.2	8,091.9	8,113.7	8,120.1	6.4
Offices of physicians	2,728.6	2,798.2	2,810.1	2,819.2	2,728.6	2,803.0	2,811.7	2,817.5	5.8
Offices of dentists	990.7	1,020.4	1,023.9	1,025.5	990.3	1,024.0	1,025.2	1,026.1	0.9
Offices of other health practitioners	1,003.4	1,065.8	1,073.1	1,072.0	1,001.0	1,070.8	1,073.5	1,069.6	-3.9
Outpatient care centers	993.6	1,015.9	1,013.7	1,013.8	993.7	1,013.9	1,014.0	1,015.1	1.1
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	305.7	313.6	316.5	316.6	306.0	313.1	315.1	316.5	1.4
Home health care services	1,513.8	1,546.5	1,553.8	1,557.2	1,515.0	1,551.3	1,558.3	1,559.0	0.7
Other ambulatory health care services	311.4	316.5	316.0	316.0	311.5	315.8	316.0	316.4	0.4
Hospitals	5,110.2	5,134.4	5,137.7	5,145.9	5,127.1	5,137.6	5,144.4	5,160.7	16.3
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,033.4	2,958.1	2,966.5	2,978.8	3,044.5	2,973.3	2,981.5	2,987.1	5.6
Nursing care facilities	1,374.4	1,333.8	1,334.3	1,338.9	1,383.7	1,342.7	1,346.8	1,348.1	1.3
Residential mental health facilities	609.2	593.9	598.5	601.1	609.1	595.2	599.2	600.6	1.4
Community care facilities for the elderly	895.4	874.3	879.2	884.0	896.9	878.8	879.9	882.9	3.0
Other residential care facilities	154.4	156.1	154.5	154.8	154.7	156.7	155.6	155.4	-0.2
Social assistance	4,082.4	4,169.1	4,191.4	4,218.0	4,051.5	4,167.2	4,174.6	4,188.4	13.8
Individual and family services	2,712.2	2,752.7	2,765.8	2,784.0	2,703.2	2,758.1	2,763.0	2,776.0	13.0
Emergency and other relief services	194.0	200.9	201.2	200.3	194.9	199.8	200.9	201.1	0.2
Vocational rehabilitation services	273.2	274.4	275.3	274.6	273.3	277.2	275.4	274.6	-0.8
Child day care services	903.0	941.1	949.1	959.1	880.0	932.1	935.3	936.8	1.5
Leisure and hospitality	14,006	14,942	15,332	15,782	13,830	15,471	15,554	15,638	84
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,979.0	2,081.0	2,204.8	2,336.9	1,923.5	2,256.6	2,275.3	2,291.5	16.2
Performing arts and spectator sports	367.8	440.1	491.4	512.2	352.8	473.4	488.1	498.3	10.2
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	137.3	144.4	150.9	159.4	136.4	154.6	154.9	158.3	3.4
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,473.9	1,496.5	1,562.5	1,665.3	1,434.3	1,628.6	1,632.3	1,634.9	2.6
Accommodation and food services	12,027.4	12,861.3	13,126.8	13,444.7	11,906.4	13,214.2	13,279.1	13,346.6	67.5
Accommodation	1,404.0	1,595.8	1,645.7	1,711.8	1,424.5	1,692.2	1,715.3	1,736.7	21.4
Food services and drinking places	10,623.4	11,265.5	11,481.1	11,732.9	10,481.9	11,522.0	11,563.8	11,609.9	46.1
Other services	5,396	5,607	5,650	5,692	5,395	5,663	5,676	5,692	16
Repair and maintenance	1,333.1	1,406.3	1,416.2	1,427.1	1,327.4	1,413.1	1,416.2	1,422.1	5.9
Personal and laundry services	1,336.8	1,420.7	1,437.7	1,454.1	1,330.3	1,439.8	1,443.2	1,450.0	6.8
Membership associations and organizations	2,726.1	2,780.0	2,796.5	2,810.3	2,737.1	2,809.8	2,816.1	2,820.1	4.0
Government	22,193	22,427	22,501	22,480	21,976	22,176	22,207	22,264	57
Federal	2,888	2,853	2,861	2,879	2,889	2,876	2,875	2,880	5
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,287.9	2,246.4	2,254.0	2,280.8	2,286.8	2,266.8	2,266.8	2,275.9	9.1
U.S. Postal Service	600.3	606.8	606.9	598.4	601.9	609.3	607.7	603.9	-3.8
State government	5,204	5,349	5,376	5,254	5,231	5,213	5,224	5,260	36
State government education	2,517.8	2,730.3	2,747.7	2,626.5	2,545.4	2,587.8	2,596.8	2,633.1	36.3
State government, excluding education	2,686.2	2,618.4	2,628.4	2,627.9	2,685.8	2,625.2	2,627.5	2,626.9	-0.6
Local government	14,101	14,225	14,264	14,347	13,856	14,087	14,108	14,124	16
Local government education	7,788.7	7,961.8	7,969.9	7,982.6	7,540.7	7,727.1	7,742.2	7,756.6	14.4
Local government, excluding education	6,312.6	6,262.8	6,293.6	6,364.4	6,314.8	6,360.3	6,365.8	6,367.0	1.2
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.9	34.6	34.6	34.6
Goods-producing	40.0	40.1	40.0	40.1
Mining and logging	45.1	45.8	45.1	46.0
Construction	39.0	38.7	38.8	39.0
Manufacturing	40.4	40.7	40.5	40.4
Durable goods	40.6	41.0	40.9	40.7
Nondurable goods	40.1	40.1	39.9	39.9
Private service-providing	33.9	33.6	33.6	33.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.7	34.0	34.0	34.0
Wholesale trade	39.2	39.4	39.2	39.1
Retail trade	30.9	30.2	30.1	30.1
Transportation and warehousing	39.3	37.8	38.1	38.2
Utilities	42.7	42.4	42.4	42.6
Information	37.1	36.9	36.8	36.6
Financial activities	37.6	37.7	37.6	37.5
Professional and business services	36.6	36.7	36.7	36.6
Education and health services	33.4	33.5	33.5	33.5
Leisure and hospitality	26.4	25.9	26.0	25.9
Other services	32.5	32.3	32.3	32.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.2
Durable goods	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.2
Nondurable goods	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)
Total private	$30.36	$31.75	$31.85	$31.95	$1,059.56	$1,098.55	$1,102.01	$1,105.47
Goods-producing	30.84	32.03	32.18	32.29	1,233.60	1,284.40	1,287.20	1,294.83
Mining and logging	34.71	35.73	35.39	35.70	1,565.42	1,636.43	1,596.09	1,642.20
Construction	32.74	34.14	34.34	34.56	1,276.86	1,321.22	1,332.39	1,347.84
Manufacturing	29.53	30.62	30.76	30.78	1,193.01	1,246.23	1,245.78	1,243.51
Durable goods	31.01	32.19	32.36	32.41	1,259.01	1,319.79	1,323.52	1,319.09
Nondurable goods	27.08	27.97	28.09	28.05	1,085.91	1,121.60	1,120.79	1,119.20
Private service-providing	30.25	31.69	31.78	31.88	1,025.48	1,064.78	1,067.81	1,067.98
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26.16	27.42	27.47	27.62	907.75	932.28	933.98	939.08
Wholesale trade	33.46	34.70	34.79	34.85	1,311.63	1,367.18	1,363.77	1,362.64
Retail trade	21.82	22.81	22.77	22.85	674.24	688.86	685.38	687.79
Transportation and warehousing	26.19	27.81	27.96	28.23	1,029.27	1,051.22	1,065.28	1,078.39
Utilities	44.66	46.80	46.61	47.31	1,906.98	1,984.32	1,976.26	2,015.41
Information	44.20	45.23	45.37	45.71	1,639.82	1,668.99	1,669.62	1,672.99
Financial activities	40.05	40.99	41.05	40.96	1,505.88	1,545.32	1,543.48	1,536.00
Professional and business services	36.27	38.31	38.55	38.65	1,327.48	1,405.98	1,414.79	1,414.59
Education and health services	29.74	31.27	31.35	31.44	993.32	1,047.55	1,050.23	1,053.24
Leisure and hospitality	18.01	19.66	19.76	19.86	475.46	509.19	513.76	514.37
Other services	27.30	28.11	28.02	28.16	887.25	907.95	905.05	909.57
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2022 - May 2022(p)	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2022 - May 2022(p)
Total private	107.9	111.8	112.1	112.4	0.3	156.6	169.7	170.7	171.7	0.6
Goods-producing	92.1	95.6	95.7	96.2	0.5	128.4	138.4	139.1	140.4	0.9
Mining and logging	79.4	87.1	86.9	89.3	2.8	110.6	124.9	123.4	128.0	3.7
Construction	99.2	101.8	102.0	103.0	1.0	141.2	150.9	152.2	154.7	1.6
Manufacturing	89.2	92.9	92.9	92.8	-0.1	122.4	132.3	132.9	132.8	-0.1
Durable goods	87.1	91.0	91.2	90.9	-0.3	119.9	130.2	131.1	130.8	-0.2
Nondurable goods	93.1	96.1	96.2	96.3	0.1	127.9	136.4	137.1	137.1	0.0
Private service-providing	112.4	116.6	116.9	116.9	0.0	165.2	179.6	180.6	181.1	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	104.3	106.0	106.3	106.3	0.0	147.1	156.7	157.5	158.3	0.5
Wholesale trade	97.8	101.1	100.9	100.9	0.0	136.9	146.7	146.9	147.1	0.1
Retail trade	96.1	96.9	96.7	96.3	-0.4	138.6	146.1	145.5	145.4	-0.1
Transportation and warehousing	136.1	139.2	141.3	142.8	1.1	181.3	197.0	201.1	205.0	1.9
Utilities	100.2	98.7	98.8	99.4	0.6	147.8	152.7	152.2	155.4	2.1
Information	95.0	98.9	99.2	99.2	0.0	149.5	159.3	160.2	161.4	0.7
Financial activities	107.8	110.0	110.1	109.9	-0.2	168.3	175.9	176.4	175.7	-0.4
Professional and business services	120.6	127.1	127.4	127.5	0.1	177.2	197.2	198.9	199.5	0.3
Education and health services	128.8	132.0	132.3	132.7	0.3	184.3	198.5	199.5	200.7	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	104.2	114.3	115.4	115.6	0.2	151.4	181.3	184.0	185.2	0.7
Other services	101.1	105.5	105.7	106.0	0.3	151.3	162.5	162.3	163.6	0.8
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)
Total nonfarm	72,298	75,053	75,312	75,493	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.8
Total private	59,637	62,184	62,415	62,601	48.4	48.3	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,595	4,800	4,825	4,847	22.7	22.9	23.0	23.0
Mining and logging	75	79	80	80	13.4	13.1	13.1	12.9
Construction	1,003	1,062	1,062	1,071	13.6	13.9	13.9	14.0
Manufacturing	3,517	3,659	3,683	3,696	28.7	28.8	28.9	28.9
Durable goods	1,864	1,947	1,959	1,963	24.5	24.7	24.7	24.7
Nondurable goods	1,653	1,712	1,724	1,733	35.5	35.7	35.7	35.8
Private service-providing	55,042	57,384	57,590	57,754	53.5	53.3	53.3	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	10,855	11,308	11,343	11,340	39.4	39.6	39.6	39.6
Wholesale trade	1,713.8	1,760.5	1,774.5	1,784.8	30.3	30.3	30.4	30.5
Retail trade	7,456.0	7,700.8	7,707.7	7,678.6	48.7	48.7	48.7	48.7
Transportation and warehousing	1,550.0	1,712.0	1,724.8	1,740.3	25.7	26.7	26.7	26.8
Utilities	135.1	134.9	135.8	136.1	24.9	25.1	25.2	25.2
Information	1,113	1,168	1,173	1,185	39.7	39.8	39.7	39.9
Financial activities	4,927	4,971	4,980	4,989	56.3	55.8	55.7	55.8
Professional and business services	9,721	10,217	10,263	10,280	46.2	46.3	46.4	46.3
Education and health services	18,204	18,530	18,579	18,650	77.1	76.8	76.8	76.9
Leisure and hospitality	7,356	8,179	8,238	8,290	53.2	52.9	53.0	53.0
Other services	2,866	3,011	3,014	3,020	53.1	53.2	53.1	53.1
Government	12,661	12,869	12,897	12,892	57.6	58.0	58.1	57.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)
Total private	100,217	104,827	105,182	105,420
Goods-producing	14,372	14,992	15,048	15,082
Mining and logging	414	456	459	461
Construction	5,456	5,635	5,638	5,661
Manufacturing	8,502	8,901	8,951	8,960
Durable goods	5,180	5,463	5,488	5,482
Nondurable goods	3,322	3,438	3,463	3,478
Private service-providing	85,845	89,835	90,134	90,338
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,249	24,113	24,187	24,152
Wholesale trade	4,500.9	4,634.3	4,653.7	4,659.0
Retail trade	13,088.2	13,446.6	13,468.3	13,405.3
Transportation and warehousing	5,228.2	5,603.1	5,635.4	5,658.1
Utilities	431.9	429.1	430.0	429.3
Information	2,214	2,336	2,353	2,360
Financial activities	6,608	6,702	6,722	6,731
Professional and business services	16,863	17,649	17,707	17,770
Education and health services	20,633	20,999	21,035	21,094
Leisure and hospitality	11,940	13,449	13,534	13,619
Other services	4,338	4,587	4,596	4,612
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.3	34.1	34.1	34.1
Goods-producing	40.9	40.9	40.9	41.0
Mining and logging	46.5	47.5	47.1	47.9
Construction	39.6	39.3	39.6	39.9
Manufacturing	41.5	41.5	41.3	41.3
Durable goods	41.6	41.8	41.6	41.4
Nondurable goods	41.4	41.1	40.9	41.0
Private service-providing	33.2	33.0	32.9	33.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.4	34.0	34.1	34.2
Wholesale trade	38.9	39.4	39.3	39.3
Retail trade	30.9	30.5	30.6	30.6
Transportation and warehousing	38.8	37.5	37.7	37.9
Utilities	42.7	42.0	42.5	42.8
Information	36.9	36.6	36.6	36.4
Financial activities	37.4	37.5	37.5	37.3
Professional and business services	36.3	36.4	36.3	36.3
Education and health services	32.7	32.7	32.5	32.7
Leisure and hospitality	25.1	24.8	24.7	24.7
Other services	31.5	31.3	31.3	31.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1
Durable goods	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3
Nondurable goods	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.9
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)
Total private	$25.67	$27.06	$27.18	$27.33	$880.48	$922.75	$926.84	$931.95
Goods-producing	26.31	27.53	27.60	27.84	1,076.08	1,125.98	1,128.84	1,141.44
Mining and logging	30.87	32.32	32.08	32.08	1,435.46	1,535.20	1,510.97	1,536.63
Construction	30.27	31.72	31.75	32.19	1,198.69	1,246.60	1,257.30	1,284.38
Manufacturing	23.64	24.74	24.83	24.94	981.06	1,026.71	1,025.48	1,030.02
Durable goods	24.67	25.89	26.04	26.15	1,026.27	1,082.20	1,083.26	1,082.61
Nondurable goods	22.03	22.90	22.89	23.00	912.04	941.19	936.20	943.00
Private service-providing	25.54	26.96	27.09	27.22	847.93	889.68	891.26	898.26
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22.19	23.60	23.71	23.86	763.34	802.40	808.51	816.01
Wholesale trade	27.50	28.76	28.86	29.08	1,069.75	1,133.14	1,134.20	1,142.84
Retail trade	18.43	19.42	19.47	19.51	569.49	592.31	595.78	597.01
Transportation and warehousing	23.50	25.74	25.94	26.18	911.80	965.25	977.94	992.22
Utilities	39.72	41.38	41.70	41.94	1,696.04	1,737.96	1,772.25	1,795.03
Information	36.90	36.92	36.75	37.10	1,361.61	1,351.27	1,345.05	1,350.44
Financial activities	30.30	31.55	31.75	32.04	1,133.22	1,183.13	1,190.63	1,195.09
Professional and business services	30.33	32.14	32.36	32.44	1,100.98	1,169.90	1,174.67	1,177.57
Education and health services	26.77	28.38	28.54	28.62	875.38	928.03	927.55	935.87
Leisure and hospitality	15.86	17.50	17.58	17.73	398.09	434.00	434.23	437.93
Other services	23.50	24.22	24.30	24.34	740.25	758.09	760.59	761.84
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2022 - May 2022(p)	May 2021	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022(p)	May 2022(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2022 - May 2022(p)
Total private	114.5	119.1	119.5	119.8	0.3	196.5	215.4	217.1	218.8	0.8
Goods-producing	89.8	93.7	94.1	94.5	0.4	144.7	158.0	158.9	161.1	1.4
Mining and logging	102.3	115.1	114.9	117.3	2.1	183.7	216.4	214.3	218.9	2.1
Construction	108.2	110.9	111.8	113.1	1.2	176.8	189.9	191.7	196.6	2.6
Manufacturing	81.0	84.8	84.9	84.9	0.0	125.2	137.2	137.8	138.6	0.6
Durable goods	81.0	85.8	85.8	85.3	-0.6	124.7	138.7	139.4	139.2	-0.1
Nondurable goods	81.0	83.3	83.5	84.0	0.6	126.1	134.7	135.0	136.6	1.2
Private service-providing	121.4	126.3	126.3	127.0	0.6	212.7	233.6	234.8	237.1	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	111.8	114.7	115.3	115.5	0.2	177.4	193.4	195.4	197.0	0.8
Wholesale trade	103.9	108.4	108.5	108.7	0.2	168.7	184.0	184.9	186.5	0.9
Retail trade	102.3	103.8	104.3	103.8	-0.5	161.6	172.7	174.0	173.5	-0.3
Transportation and warehousing	153.5	159.0	160.8	162.3	0.9	229.6	260.5	265.5	270.4	1.8
Utilities	94.3	92.2	93.5	94.0	0.5	156.4	159.2	162.7	164.5	1.1
Information	93.2	97.6	98.3	98.0	-0.3	170.3	178.4	178.8	180.1	0.7
Financial activities	116.3	118.3	118.6	118.2	-0.3	216.8	229.6	231.7	232.9	0.5
Professional and business services	136.9	143.6	143.7	144.2	0.3	246.9	274.5	276.6	278.2	0.6
Education and health services	143.9	146.4	145.8	147.1	0.9	254.2	274.2	274.6	277.8	1.2
Leisure and hospitality	109.8	122.2	122.4	123.2	0.7	197.7	242.8	244.5	248.1	1.5
Other services	95.8	100.7	100.9	101.2	0.3	164.1	177.7	178.6	179.5	0.5
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.