Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	  USDL-19-0904
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 7, 2019

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

	
              THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MAY 2019


Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up in May (+75,000), and the
unemployment rate remained at 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. Employment continued to trend up in
professional and business services and in health care.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The
household survey measures labor force status, including unemployment,
by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey measures
nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more
information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in
these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate remained at 3.6 percent in May, and the number
of unemployed persons was little changed at 5.9 million. (See table
A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men
(3.3 percent), adult women (3.2 percent), teenagers (12.7 percent),
Whites (3.3 percent), Blacks (6.2 percent), Asians (2.5 percent),
and Hispanics (4.2 percent) showed little or no change in May. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

In May, the number of persons unemployed less than 5 weeks increased
by 243,000 to 2.1 million, following a decline in April. The number
of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.3
million, changed little over the month and accounted for 22.4 percent
of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)

Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.8 percent, and the
employment-population ratio, at 60.6 percent, were unchanged in May.
(See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons
(sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) declined
by 299,000 in May to 4.4 million. These individuals, who would have
preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their
hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs.
Over the past 12 months, the number of involuntary part-time workers
has declined by 565,000. (See table A-8.)

In May, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor
force, little changed from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally
adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and
were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the
prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had
not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table
A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 338,000 discouraged workers
in May, little changed from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally
adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for
work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining
1.1 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in May had
not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family
responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up in May (+75,000). Monthly
job gains have averaged 164,000 in 2019, compared with an average gain
of 223,000 per month in 2018. In May, employment continued to trend up
in professional and business services and in health care. (See table
B-1.)

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up
over the month (+33,000) and has increased by 498,000 over the past 12
months.

Employment in health care continued its upward trend in May (+16,000).
The industry has added 391,000 jobs over the past 12 months.

Construction employment changed little in May (+4,000), following an
increase of 30,000 in April. The industry has added 215,000 jobs over 
the past 12 months.

Employment showed little change in May in other major industries,
including mining, manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail trade,
transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities,
leisure and hospitality, and government.    

In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm
payrolls increased by 6 cents to $27.83. Over the year, average hourly
earnings have increased by 3.1 percent. Average hourly earnings of
private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by
7 cents to $23.38 in May. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was
unchanged at 34.4 hours in May. In manufacturing, the average workweek
and overtime hours were unchanged at 40.6 hours and 3.4 hours, respectively.
The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2
and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised down
from +189,000 to +153,000, and the change for April was revised down from
+263,000 to +224,000. With these revisions, employment gains in March and
April combined were 75,000 less than previously reported. (Monthly revisions
result from additional reports received from businesses and government
agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of
seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 151,000 per
month over the last 3 months.

_____________
The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on
Friday, July 5, 2019, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	Change from: Apr. 2019- May 2019
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	257,454	258,537	258,693	258,861	168
Civilian labor force	161,667	162,960	162,470	162,646	176
Participation rate	62.8	63.0	62.8	62.8	0.0
Employed	155,539	156,748	156,645	156,758	113
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.6	60.6	60.6	0.0
Unemployed	6,128	6,211	5,824	5,888	64
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.6	0.0
Not in labor force	95,787	95,577	96,223	96,215	-8
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.6	0.0
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.2	0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.7	12.8	13.0	12.7	-0.3
White	3.5	3.4	3.1	3.3	0.2
Black or African American	5.9	6.7	6.7	6.2	-0.5
Asian	2.2	3.1	2.2	2.5	0.3
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.9	4.7	4.2	4.2	0.0
Total, 25 years and over	3.1	3.1	2.9	2.9	0.0
Less than a high school diploma	5.5	5.9	5.4	5.4	0.0
High school graduates, no college	3.9	3.7	3.5	3.5	0.0
Some college or associate degree	3.2	3.4	3.1	2.8	-0.3
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.1	0.0
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,882	2,837	2,651	2,664	13
Job leavers	844	779	737	803	66
Reentrants	1,868	2,007	1,926	1,870	-56
New entrants	569	614	530	599	69
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,019	2,126	1,904	2,147	243
5 to 14 weeks	1,906	1,815	1,842	1,559	-283
15 to 26 weeks	967	950	854	799	-55
27 weeks and over	1,197	1,305	1,230	1,298	68
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,920	4,499	4,654	4,355	-299
Slack work or business conditions	2,992	2,909	2,891	2,646	-245
Could only find part-time work	1,478	1,329	1,446	1,339	-107
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,134	21,297	21,322	21,366	44
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,455	1,357	1,417	1,395	-
Discouraged workers	378	412	454	338	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	270	153	224	75
Total private	264	153	205	90
Goods-producing	63	13	35	8
Mining and logging	5	1	0	1
Construction	37	15	30	4
Manufacturing	21	-3	5	3
Durable goods(1)	14	-6	2	4
Motor vehicles and parts	-5.7	-6.6	-1.9	2.8
Nondurable goods	7	3	3	-1
Private service-providing	201	140	170	82
Wholesale trade	5.8	0.1	10.8	7.1
Retail trade	18.3	-14.8	-13.6	-7.6
Transportation and warehousing	18.3	-3.3	6.7	-0.2
Utilities	-1.4	1.1	-2.7	0.4
Information	2	4	-10	-5
Financial activities	15	11	13	2
Professional and business services(1)	51	19	62	33
Temporary help services	1.4	-10.5	9.9	5.1
Education and health services(1)	39	72	73	27
Health care and social assistance	36.7	67.3	55.9	24.0
Leisure and hospitality	38	32	17	26
Other services	15	19	14	-1
Government	6	0	19	-15
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	216	174	144	151
Total private	207	165	135	149
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.6	49.8	49.8	49.9
Total private women employees	48.2	48.4	48.4	48.5
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.4	82.3	82.3
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.5	34.5	34.4	34.4
Average hourly earnings	$26.99	$27.71	$27.77	$27.83
Average weekly earnings	$931.16	$956.00	$955.29	$957.35
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	109.4	111.1	110.9	111.0
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	0.5	-0.2	0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	141.1	147.1	147.3	147.7
Over-the-month percent change	0.5	0.5	0.1	0.3
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (258 industries)	67.1	58.1	59.9	54.8
Manufacturing (76 industries)	63.8	53.9	50.7	52.0
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 689,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	May 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	257,454	258,693	258,861	257,454	258,239	258,392	258,537	258,693	258,861
Civilian labor force	161,765	162,097	162,655	161,667	163,229	163,184	162,960	162,470	162,646
Participation rate	62.8	62.7	62.8	62.8	63.2	63.2	63.0	62.8	62.8
Employed	156,009	156,710	157,152	155,539	156,694	156,949	156,748	156,645	156,758
Employment-population ratio	60.6	60.6	60.7	60.4	60.7	60.7	60.6	60.6	60.6
Unemployed	5,756	5,387	5,503	6,128	6,535	6,235	6,211	5,824	5,888
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.6
Not in labor force	95,689	96,596	96,207	95,787	95,010	95,208	95,577	96,223	96,215
Persons who currently want a job	5,696	4,951	5,500	5,211	5,254	5,222	5,227	5,121	5,045
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	124,509	125,114	125,197	124,509	124,890	124,965	125,037	125,114	125,197
Civilian labor force	86,309	86,027	86,532	86,170	86,577	86,439	86,442	86,179	86,377
Participation rate	69.3	68.8	69.1	69.2	69.3	69.2	69.1	68.9	69.0
Employed	83,103	82,963	83,561	82,754	83,031	83,095	83,034	82,959	83,192
Employment-population ratio	66.7	66.3	66.7	66.5	66.5	66.5	66.4	66.3	66.4
Unemployed	3,206	3,064	2,971	3,416	3,545	3,343	3,408	3,221	3,185
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.6	3.4	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.7
Not in labor force	38,201	39,087	38,665	38,340	38,313	38,527	38,595	38,935	38,820
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	116,017	116,665	116,752	116,017	116,436	116,513	116,586	116,665	116,752
Civilian labor force	83,458	83,415	83,785	83,257	83,599	83,632	83,573	83,373	83,561
Participation rate	71.9	71.5	71.8	71.8	71.8	71.8	71.7	71.5	71.6
Employed	80,698	80,711	81,192	80,299	80,472	80,712	80,564	80,576	80,766
Employment-population ratio	69.6	69.2	69.5	69.2	69.1	69.3	69.1	69.1	69.2
Unemployed	2,761	2,703	2,594	2,958	3,126	2,920	3,009	2,797	2,795
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.3
Not in labor force	32,559	33,251	32,967	32,760	32,837	32,881	33,013	33,292	33,191
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	132,944	133,579	133,664	132,944	133,350	133,427	133,500	133,579	133,664
Civilian labor force	75,456	76,069	76,122	75,497	76,652	76,746	76,518	76,291	76,269
Participation rate	56.8	56.9	57.0	56.8	57.5	57.5	57.3	57.1	57.1
Employed	72,907	73,747	73,591	72,785	73,663	73,854	73,715	73,687	73,566
Employment-population ratio	54.8	55.2	55.1	54.7	55.2	55.4	55.2	55.2	55.0
Unemployed	2,549	2,323	2,532	2,712	2,990	2,892	2,803	2,604	2,703
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.4	3.5
Not in labor force	57,488	57,510	57,542	57,448	56,697	56,681	56,982	57,288	57,395
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	124,674	125,332	125,419	124,674	125,099	125,177	125,252	125,332	125,419
Civilian labor force	72,599	73,382	73,263	72,590	73,691	73,760	73,525	73,419	73,347
Participation rate	58.2	58.5	58.4	58.2	58.9	58.9	58.7	58.6	58.5
Employed	70,341	71,327	71,072	70,161	71,049	71,221	71,072	71,131	70,981
Employment-population ratio	56.4	56.9	56.7	56.3	56.8	56.9	56.7	56.8	56.6
Unemployed	2,258	2,055	2,191	2,429	2,642	2,540	2,453	2,288	2,366
Unemployment rate	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.2
Not in labor force	52,075	51,950	52,156	52,084	51,408	51,417	51,727	51,913	52,071
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,763	16,696	16,690	16,763	16,704	16,702	16,698	16,696	16,690
Civilian labor force	5,707	5,300	5,607	5,820	5,939	5,792	5,862	5,678	5,738
Participation rate	34.0	31.7	33.6	34.7	35.6	34.7	35.1	34.0	34.4
Employed	4,970	4,672	4,888	5,079	5,172	5,017	5,113	4,938	5,011
Employment-population ratio	29.7	28.0	29.3	30.3	31.0	30.0	30.6	29.6	30.0
Unemployed	737	628	718	741	767	776	748	740	726
Unemployment rate	12.9	11.9	12.8	12.7	12.9	13.4	12.8	13.0	12.7
Not in labor force	11,056	11,395	11,084	10,943	10,765	10,909	10,837	11,018	10,953
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	May 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	200,039	200,576	200,658	200,039	200,382	200,447	200,508	200,576	200,658
Civilian labor force	125,848	125,627	126,042	125,689	126,351	126,313	126,404	125,900	125,980
Participation rate	62.9	62.6	62.8	62.8	63.1	63.0	63.0	62.8	62.8
Employed	121,788	122,036	122,269	121,298	121,880	122,168	122,143	121,944	121,883
Employment-population ratio	60.9	60.8	60.9	60.6	60.8	60.9	60.9	60.8	60.7
Unemployed	4,060	3,591	3,773	4,392	4,471	4,144	4,261	3,957	4,097
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.3
Not in labor force	74,191	74,950	74,616	74,349	74,030	74,134	74,104	74,676	74,678
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,049	65,852	66,179	65,844	66,051	66,052	66,014	65,802	65,973
Participation rate	72.1	71.7	72.0	71.9	72.0	72.0	71.9	71.6	71.8
Employed	64,113	64,014	64,412	63,738	63,890	64,088	63,936	63,896	64,042
Employment-population ratio	70.0	69.7	70.1	69.6	69.6	69.8	69.6	69.6	69.7
Unemployed	1,936	1,838	1,767	2,106	2,161	1,964	2,078	1,906	1,931
Unemployment rate	2.9	2.8	2.7	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.1	2.9	2.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,277	55,639	55,457	55,253	55,740	55,814	55,806	55,671	55,526
Participation rate	57.5	57.7	57.5	57.5	57.8	57.9	57.9	57.7	57.5
Employed	53,681	54,309	53,957	53,496	53,959	54,151	54,140	54,133	53,869
Employment-population ratio	55.8	56.3	55.9	55.6	56.0	56.2	56.1	56.1	55.8
Unemployed	1,595	1,330	1,500	1,756	1,781	1,663	1,666	1,538	1,657
Unemployment rate	2.9	2.4	2.7	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.0	2.8	3.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,522	4,136	4,407	4,593	4,560	4,447	4,585	4,427	4,482
Participation rate	36.7	33.8	36.0	37.3	37.2	36.3	37.4	36.1	36.6
Employed	3,994	3,713	3,900	4,063	4,031	3,929	4,067	3,915	3,972
Employment-population ratio	32.4	30.3	31.8	33.0	32.9	32.0	33.2	31.9	32.4
Unemployed	528	423	507	529	530	518	517	512	510
Unemployment rate	11.7	10.2	11.5	11.5	11.6	11.6	11.3	11.6	11.4
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,704	32,955	32,984	32,704	32,868	32,897	32,925	32,955	32,984
Civilian labor force	20,292	20,537	20,547	20,294	20,628	20,575	20,432	20,589	20,562
Participation rate	62.0	62.3	62.3	62.1	62.8	62.5	62.1	62.5	62.3
Employed	19,145	19,262	19,335	19,096	19,220	19,137	19,073	19,219	19,280
Employment-population ratio	58.5	58.4	58.6	58.4	58.5	58.2	57.9	58.3	58.5
Unemployed	1,147	1,275	1,212	1,198	1,408	1,437	1,359	1,370	1,282
Unemployment rate	5.7	6.2	5.9	5.9	6.8	7.0	6.7	6.7	6.2
Not in labor force	12,412	12,418	12,437	12,410	12,240	12,322	12,493	12,366	12,421
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,407	9,449	9,444	9,380	9,367	9,414	9,399	9,456	9,422
Participation rate	68.7	68.3	68.2	68.5	67.9	68.2	68.0	68.3	68.0
Employed	8,840	8,827	8,887	8,790	8,705	8,734	8,753	8,811	8,833
Employment-population ratio	64.6	63.8	64.2	64.2	63.1	63.3	63.3	63.7	63.8
Unemployed	567	622	557	590	662	680	646	645	589
Unemployment rate	6.0	6.6	5.9	6.3	7.1	7.2	6.9	6.8	6.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,207	10,406	10,446	10,235	10,419	10,366	10,316	10,411	10,469
Participation rate	61.8	62.5	62.7	62.0	62.8	62.4	62.0	62.5	62.8
Employed	9,757	9,907	9,949	9,755	9,847	9,822	9,777	9,859	9,934
Employment-population ratio	59.1	59.5	59.7	59.1	59.3	59.1	58.8	59.2	59.6
Unemployed	450	499	497	481	572	544	539	552	535
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.8	4.8	4.7	5.5	5.3	5.2	5.3	5.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	678	681	657	680	842	795	717	722	671
Participation rate	27.1	27.6	26.7	27.2	34.0	32.1	29.0	29.2	27.2
Employed	548	527	499	552	669	582	542	549	513
Employment-population ratio	21.9	21.3	20.3	22.1	27.0	23.5	21.9	22.2	20.8
Unemployed	130	155	158	128	173	213	174	173	158
Unemployment rate	19.2	22.7	24.0	18.8	20.6	26.8	24.3	24.0	23.5
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	15,874	16,290	16,361	15,874	16,034	16,055	16,245	16,290	16,361
Civilian labor force	9,932	10,166	10,290	9,941	10,298	10,369	10,402	10,180	10,304
Participation rate	62.6	62.4	62.9	62.6	64.2	64.6	64.0	62.5	63.0
Employed	9,732	9,954	10,049	9,727	9,978	10,045	10,082	9,957	10,046
Employment-population ratio	61.3	61.1	61.4	61.3	62.2	62.6	62.1	61.1	61.4
Unemployed	201	212	240	214	321	324	320	223	258
Unemployment rate	2.0	2.1	2.3	2.2	3.1	3.1	3.1	2.2	2.5
Not in labor force	5,941	6,124	6,072	5,933	5,736	5,686	5,843	6,110	6,058
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	May 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,592	43,289	43,370	42,592	43,044	43,127	43,205	43,289	43,370
Civilian labor force	28,209	28,474	28,680	28,207	28,985	28,724	28,929	28,546	28,689
Participation rate	66.2	65.8	66.1	66.2	67.3	66.6	67.0	65.9	66.2
Employed	26,954	27,415	27,608	26,834	27,579	27,480	27,566	27,348	27,493
Employment-population ratio	63.3	63.3	63.7	63.0	64.1	63.7	63.8	63.2	63.4
Unemployed	1,255	1,059	1,072	1,373	1,406	1,245	1,363	1,198	1,196
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.7	3.7	4.9	4.9	4.3	4.7	4.2	4.2
Not in labor force	14,383	14,814	14,690	14,385	14,060	14,403	14,277	14,743	14,681
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	15,444	15,595	15,732	15,439	15,699	15,675	15,832	15,611	15,731
Participation rate	80.3	79.8	80.4	80.3	80.8	80.5	81.2	79.9	80.4
Employed	14,903	15,074	15,248	14,843	15,066	15,117	15,187	15,028	15,188
Employment-population ratio	77.5	77.2	77.9	77.2	77.6	77.7	77.9	76.9	77.6
Unemployed	541	521	483	596	633	557	646	583	543
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.9	4.0	3.6	4.1	3.7	3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,535	11,776	11,816	11,519	11,968	11,798	11,839	11,762	11,810
Participation rate	59.3	59.6	59.6	59.3	60.9	59.9	60.0	59.5	59.6
Employed	10,990	11,381	11,381	10,930	11,396	11,331	11,321	11,330	11,330
Employment-population ratio	56.5	57.6	57.4	56.2	58.0	57.5	57.4	57.3	57.2
Unemployed	545	395	436	589	572	466	518	432	480
Unemployment rate	4.7	3.4	3.7	5.1	4.8	4.0	4.4	3.7	4.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,231	1,103	1,132	1,250	1,318	1,252	1,257	1,172	1,149
Participation rate	31.3	27.7	28.4	31.8	33.3	31.6	31.7	29.5	28.9
Employed	1,061	961	979	1,061	1,117	1,031	1,058	989	975
Employment-population ratio	27.0	24.2	24.6	27.0	28.2	26.0	26.6	24.9	24.5
Unemployed	169	142	153	189	201	221	199	183	174
Unemployment rate	13.7	12.9	13.5	15.1	15.2	17.6	15.9	15.6	15.1
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	May 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,519	10,081	10,143	10,250	10,065	10,267	10,142	9,996	9,915
Participation rate	46.4	45.7	45.6	45.2	45.2	47.0	46.1	45.3	44.6
Employed	10,035	9,554	9,692	9,691	9,489	9,720	9,548	9,460	9,383
Employment-population ratio	44.2	43.3	43.6	42.7	42.6	44.5	43.4	42.8	42.2
Unemployed	484	527	451	559	576	548	594	536	533
Unemployment rate	4.6	5.2	4.4	5.5	5.7	5.3	5.9	5.4	5.4
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,886	35,900	35,840	35,771	36,301	36,230	35,983	35,901	35,781
Participation rate	57.5	57.9	57.5	57.3	58.5	58.2	57.9	57.9	57.4
Employed	34,585	34,729	34,664	34,376	34,937	34,863	34,654	34,662	34,522
Employment-population ratio	55.4	56.0	55.6	55.1	56.3	56.0	55.8	55.9	55.4
Unemployed	1,301	1,172	1,176	1,395	1,363	1,367	1,329	1,239	1,259
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.5
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,732	37,494	37,559	37,852	37,339	37,213	37,268	37,290	37,614
Participation rate	65.4	64.9	65.2	65.6	65.5	65.3	65.2	64.6	65.3
Employed	36,596	36,405	36,612	36,630	36,071	36,040	36,012	36,141	36,569
Employment-population ratio	63.4	63.0	63.6	63.5	63.2	63.3	63.0	62.6	63.5
Unemployed	1,135	1,089	947	1,223	1,268	1,173	1,256	1,149	1,045
Unemployment rate	3.0	2.9	2.5	3.2	3.4	3.2	3.4	3.1	2.8
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	56,850	58,335	58,145	56,786	58,472	58,497	58,593	58,381	58,217
Participation rate	74.2	73.8	73.7	74.1	74.0	73.5	73.7	73.9	73.8
Employed	55,809	57,235	57,007	55,645	57,078	57,220	57,409	57,179	56,980
Employment-population ratio	72.8	72.4	72.2	72.6	72.2	71.9	72.2	72.3	72.2
Unemployed	1,040	1,099	1,137	1,141	1,395	1,277	1,184	1,202	1,237
Unemployment rate	1.8	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.1
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	May 2018	May 2019	May 2018	May 2019	May 2018	May 2019
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	19,247	18,870	17,384	16,989	1,863	1,881
Civilian labor force	9,388	9,267	8,291	8,223	1,097	1,044
Participation rate	48.8	49.1	47.7	48.4	58.9	55.5
Employed	9,065	9,014	7,997	7,998	1,068	1,016
Employment-population ratio	47.1	47.8	46.0	47.1	57.3	54.0
Unemployed	323	253	294	225	29	29
Unemployment rate	3.4	2.7	3.5	2.7	2.7	2.7
Not in labor force	9,859	9,603	9,093	8,766	766	837
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,143	4,302	3,448	3,595	695	707
Civilian labor force	3,296	3,464	2,799	2,992	497	472
Participation rate	79.5	80.5	81.2	83.2	71.4	66.7
Employed	3,158	3,367	2,686	2,910	472	457
Employment-population ratio	76.2	78.3	77.9	80.9	67.9	64.6
Unemployed	138	97	113	82	25	15
Unemployment rate	4.2	2.8	4.0	2.8	5.0	3.1
Not in labor force	847	838	649	603	199	235
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,074	3,078	2,579	2,562	495	516
Civilian labor force	2,369	2,337	2,026	2,014	343	323
Participation rate	77.1	75.9	78.6	78.6	69.2	62.7
Employed	2,325	2,287	1,983	1,967	341	320
Employment-population ratio	75.6	74.3	76.9	76.8	69.0	62.0
Unemployed	44	50	43	47	1	3
Unemployment rate	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.3	0.3	1.0
Not in labor force	705	741	553	548	152	193
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,679	7,263	7,418	7,013	261	250
Civilian labor force	1,609	1,465	1,556	1,406	53	60
Participation rate	20.9	20.2	21.0	20.0	20.2	23.9
Employed	1,540	1,425	1,488	1,369	53	56
Employment-population ratio	20.1	19.6	20.1	19.5	20.2	22.3
Unemployed	68	40	68	36	0	4
Unemployment rate	4.3	2.7	4.4	2.6	-	-
Not in labor force	6,070	5,798	5,862	5,607	208	190
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,351	4,227	3,939	3,819	412	408
Civilian labor force	2,115	2,001	1,909	1,812	205	189
Participation rate	48.6	47.3	48.5	47.4	49.9	46.4
Employed	2,042	1,935	1,840	1,752	202	183
Employment-population ratio	46.9	45.8	46.7	45.9	49.0	44.8
Unemployed	73	66	69	60	4	7
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.3	1.8	3.4
Not in labor force	2,236	2,226	2,030	2,007	207	219
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	229,354	231,312	102,624	103,735	126,731	127,577
Civilian labor force	150,404	151,517	77,026	77,350	73,378	74,166
Participation rate	65.6	65.5	75.1	74.6	57.9	58.1
Employed	145,268	146,537	74,297	74,764	70,972	71,773
Employment-population ratio	63.3	63.4	72.4	72.1	56.0	56.3
Unemployed	5,136	4,980	2,730	2,586	2,406	2,394
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.2
Not in labor force	78,950	79,795	25,597	26,384	53,353	53,410
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	May 2018	May 2019	May 2018	May 2019
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,424	30,764	227,030	228,097
Civilian labor force	6,128	6,326	155,637	156,328
Participation rate	20.1	20.6	68.6	68.5
Employed	5,697	5,929	150,313	151,223
Employment-population ratio	18.7	19.3	66.2	66.3
Unemployed	431	397	5,324	5,106
Unemployment rate	7.0	6.3	3.4	3.3
Not in labor force	24,296	24,438	71,393	71,769
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,584	2,707	78,114	77,968
Participation rate	34.5	36.1	83.0	82.8
Employed	2,362	2,514	75,311	75,323
Employment-population ratio	31.6	33.6	80.0	80.0
Unemployed	222	193	2,803	2,645
Unemployment rate	8.6	7.1	3.6	3.4
Not in labor force	4,900	4,781	16,035	16,141
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,396	2,371	68,564	69,079
Participation rate	30.0	29.6	70.8	71.5
Employed	2,225	2,238	66,301	66,819
Employment-population ratio	27.9	28.0	68.5	69.1
Unemployed	170	133	2,263	2,260
Unemployment rate	7.1	5.6	3.3	3.3
Not in labor force	5,578	5,633	28,239	27,596
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,148	1,248	8,960	9,282
Participation rate	7.7	8.2	24.8	24.9
Employed	1,110	1,177	8,701	9,080
Employment-population ratio	7.4	7.7	24.1	24.3
Unemployed	39	71	259	202
Unemployment rate	3.4	5.7	2.9	2.2
Not in labor force	13,818	14,024	27,120	28,032
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	May 2018	May 2019	May 2018	May 2019	May 2018	May 2019
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,732	43,408	20,682	20,918	22,050	22,490
Civilian labor force	27,923	28,473	16,088	16,347	11,835	12,126
Participation rate	65.3	65.6	77.8	78.1	53.7	53.9
Employed	27,086	27,678	15,674	15,976	11,412	11,702
Employment-population ratio	63.4	63.8	75.8	76.4	51.8	52.0
Unemployed	837	795	414	371	423	424
Unemployment rate	3.0	2.8	2.6	2.3	3.6	3.5
Not in labor force	14,809	14,935	4,594	4,571	10,215	10,364
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	214,722	215,453	103,827	104,279	110,895	111,174
Civilian labor force	133,842	134,182	70,221	70,186	63,621	63,996
Participation rate	62.3	62.3	67.6	67.3	57.4	57.6
Employed	128,924	129,474	67,428	67,586	61,495	61,889
Employment-population ratio	60.0	60.1	64.9	64.8	55.5	55.7
Unemployed	4,919	4,707	2,792	2,600	2,126	2,107
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.5	4.0	3.7	3.3	3.3
Not in labor force	80,880	81,271	33,606	34,094	47,273	47,178
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	May 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,412	2,281	2,476	2,353	2,576	2,510	2,332	2,394	2,432
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,604	1,571	1,744	1,579	1,778	1,741	1,687	1,687	1,724
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	776	687	706	744	787	764	644	690	690
Unpaid family workers	32	23	25	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	153,598	154,429	154,677	153,127	154,177	154,446	154,358	154,271	154,314
Wage and salary workers(1)	144,424	145,849	145,859	144,115	145,251	145,674	145,609	145,675	145,590
Government	21,253	21,189	20,992	20,992	20,614	20,588	20,677	20,831	20,730
Private industries	123,170	124,661	124,867	123,080	124,657	125,042	124,948	124,892	124,870
Private households	773	825	807	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	122,398	123,835	124,060	122,316	123,861	124,243	124,153	124,075	124,064
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,112	8,543	8,786	9,013	8,855	8,780	8,727	8,569	8,711
Unpaid family workers	61	37	31	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,739	4,483	4,160	4,920	5,147	4,310	4,499	4,654	4,355
Slack work or business conditions	2,875	2,782	2,490	2,992	3,451	2,792	2,909	2,891	2,646
Could only find part-time work	1,542	1,473	1,383	1,478	1,419	1,347	1,329	1,446	1,339
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,433	22,160	21,672	21,134	20,949	21,153	21,297	21,322	21,366
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,677	4,424	4,070	4,835	5,079	4,244	4,439	4,589	4,241
Slack work or business conditions	2,831	2,750	2,423	2,937	3,418	2,763	2,854	2,865	2,565
Could only find part-time work	1,529	1,461	1,379	1,464	1,401	1,339	1,327	1,437	1,333
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,074	21,830	21,321	20,804	20,548	20,761	20,995	20,985	21,038
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	May 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	156,009	156,710	157,152	155,539	156,694	156,949	156,748	156,645	156,758
16 to 19 years	4,970	4,672	4,888	5,079	5,172	5,017	5,113	4,938	5,011
16 to 17 years	1,676	1,543	1,601	1,771	1,674	1,756	1,759	1,723	1,704
18 to 19 years	3,294	3,129	3,287	3,301	3,459	3,249	3,356	3,198	3,294
20 years and over	151,039	152,038	152,264	150,460	151,522	151,932	151,635	151,707	151,747
20 to 24 years	14,014	14,114	14,288	14,060	13,911	14,018	14,064	14,192	14,303
25 years and over	137,025	137,923	137,975	136,379	137,605	137,942	137,685	137,481	137,369
25 to 54 years	100,445	100,890	100,933	100,096	100,787	100,840	100,792	100,687	100,636
25 to 34 years	35,353	35,602	35,703	35,231	35,665	35,584	35,695	35,582	35,616
35 to 44 years	32,596	33,001	33,080	32,488	32,902	33,101	32,855	32,918	32,961
45 to 54 years	32,496	32,287	32,150	32,377	32,221	32,156	32,241	32,187	32,059
55 years and over	36,580	37,033	37,042	36,283	36,817	37,102	36,893	36,794	36,733
Men, 16 years and over	83,103	82,963	83,561	82,754	83,031	83,095	83,034	82,959	83,192
16 to 19 years	2,405	2,252	2,370	2,455	2,559	2,384	2,470	2,383	2,426
16 to 17 years	809	821	799	846	805	860	882	893	841
18 to 19 years	1,596	1,430	1,571	1,614	1,735	1,535	1,594	1,486	1,590
20 years and over	80,698	80,711	81,192	80,299	80,472	80,712	80,564	80,576	80,766
20 to 24 years	7,208	7,161	7,313	7,199	7,101	7,148	7,120	7,203	7,285
25 years and over	73,489	73,551	73,879	73,112	73,398	73,566	73,520	73,379	73,477
25 to 54 years	53,915	53,870	53,919	53,699	53,808	53,858	53,968	53,813	53,727
25 to 34 years	19,052	19,170	19,225	18,992	19,132	19,119	19,314	19,186	19,181
35 to 44 years	17,711	17,815	17,837	17,630	17,772	17,899	17,720	17,768	17,753
45 to 54 years	17,152	16,884	16,856	17,077	16,904	16,840	16,933	16,859	16,793
55 years and over	19,574	19,681	19,960	19,414	19,591	19,708	19,553	19,566	19,750
Women, 16 years and over	72,907	73,747	73,591	72,785	73,663	73,854	73,715	73,687	73,566
16 to 19 years	2,565	2,420	2,518	2,624	2,613	2,633	2,643	2,555	2,585
16 to 17 years	867	721	802	925	869	896	877	830	863
18 to 19 years	1,698	1,699	1,716	1,687	1,723	1,714	1,762	1,712	1,704
20 years and over	70,341	71,327	71,072	70,161	71,049	71,221	71,072	71,131	70,981
20 to 24 years	6,805	6,954	6,976	6,861	6,810	6,870	6,944	6,989	7,018
25 years and over	63,536	64,373	64,097	63,266	64,206	64,377	64,164	64,102	63,891
25 to 54 years	46,530	47,020	47,014	46,397	46,979	46,983	46,824	46,874	46,908
25 to 34 years	16,301	16,432	16,477	16,238	16,533	16,465	16,381	16,396	16,434
35 to 44 years	14,885	15,186	15,242	14,859	15,130	15,202	15,135	15,150	15,208
45 to 54 years	15,343	15,402	15,294	15,300	15,317	15,316	15,308	15,327	15,266
55 years and over	17,006	17,352	17,082	16,869	17,227	17,394	17,340	17,228	16,983
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	46,281	45,927	46,041	46,014	45,819	45,893	45,867	45,734	45,789
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,236	36,414	36,167	35,963	36,504	36,574	36,566	36,206	35,971
Women who maintain families(2)	9,608	9,698	9,680	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	129,014	129,212	130,059	128,623	129,837	130,159	129,969	129,778	129,695
Part-time workers(4)	26,996	27,498	27,093	26,879	26,752	26,878	26,938	26,915	26,981
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,411	7,765	7,857	7,416	7,850	7,641	7,853	7,798	7,855
Percent of total employed	4.8	5.0	5.0	4.8	5.0	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.0
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,696	6,094	6,061	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,889	9,230	9,493	9,757	9,642	9,544	9,371	9,259	9,401
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	May 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	May 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,128	5,824	5,888	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.6
16 to 19 years	741	740	726	12.7	12.9	13.4	12.8	13.0	12.7
16 to 17 years	303	273	279	14.6	14.4	16.0	12.6	13.7	14.1
18 to 19 years	447	451	443	11.9	12.2	12.2	12.7	12.4	11.9
20 years and over	5,387	5,085	5,161	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.2	3.3
20 to 24 years	1,068	993	1,077	7.1	7.6	7.2	7.2	6.5	7.0
25 years and over	4,291	4,132	4,060	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.1	2.9	2.9
25 to 54 years	3,251	3,159	3,027	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.0	2.9
25 to 34 years	1,408	1,434	1,302	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.5
35 to 44 years	953	898	895	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.8	2.7	2.6
45 to 54 years	891	827	830	2.7	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.5	2.5
55 years and over	1,034	978	1,031	2.8	3.2	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7
Men, 16 years and over	3,416	3,221	3,185	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.7
16 to 19 years	458	424	390	15.7	14.1	15.1	13.9	15.1	13.9
16 to 17 years	181	127	154	17.7	15.6	18.0	11.7	12.5	15.5
18 to 19 years	277	297	232	14.6	13.1	14.0	14.7	16.6	12.8
20 years and over	2,958	2,797	2,795	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.3
20 to 24 years	614	601	658	7.9	8.4	7.6	8.8	7.7	8.3
25 years and over	2,331	2,226	2,124	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.1	2.9	2.8
25 to 54 years	1,723	1,703	1,604	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.1	2.9
25 to 34 years	748	719	680	3.8	4.0	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.4
35 to 44 years	491	497	478	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.8	2.7	2.6
45 to 54 years	484	487	447	2.8	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.6
55 years and over	607	522	520	3.0	3.3	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.6
Women, 16 years and over	2,712	2,604	2,703	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.4	3.5
16 to 19 years	283	316	336	9.7	11.7	11.8	11.7	11.0	11.5
16 to 17 years	121	146	125	11.6	13.3	14.0	13.5	15.0	12.6
18 to 19 years	170	154	210	9.2	11.2	10.6	10.7	8.3	11.0
20 years and over	2,429	2,288	2,366	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.2
20 to 24 years	454	392	420	6.2	6.7	6.8	5.5	5.3	5.6
25 years and over	1,960	1,906	1,936	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.1	2.9	2.9
25 to 54 years	1,528	1,456	1,423	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.0	2.9
25 to 34 years	659	715	622	3.9	3.9	4.2	4.3	4.2	3.6
35 to 44 years	462	401	418	3.0	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.7
45 to 54 years	407	340	383	2.6	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.2	2.4
55 years and over	468	468	548	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.6	3.1
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	897	821	793	1.9	2.1	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.7
Married women, spouse present(1)	864	668	873	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.4	1.8	2.4
Women who maintain families(2)	470	501	483	4.7	5.4	4.9	4.7	4.9	4.7
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,964	4,680	4,735	3.7	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.5
Part-time workers(4)	1,158	1,163	1,170	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.1	4.2
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	May 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,493	2,484	2,281	2,882	3,082	2,857	2,837	2,651	2,664
On temporary layoff	533	574	594	829	937	820	878	717	869
Not on temporary layoff	1,960	1,910	1,687	2,054	2,144	2,037	1,960	1,934	1,795
Permanent job losers	1,380	1,287	1,229	1,438	1,427	1,300	1,379	1,302	1,289
Persons who completed temporary jobs	580	623	458	616	717	737	580	632	506
Job leavers	801	685	774	844	805	840	779	737	803
Reentrants	1,933	1,761	1,891	1,868	1,945	1,905	2,007	1,926	1,870
New entrants	529	457	557	569	606	623	614	530	599
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	43.3	46.1	41.5	46.8	47.9	45.9	45.5	45.4	44.9
On temporary layoff	9.3	10.6	10.8	13.4	14.6	13.2	14.1	12.3	14.6
Not on temporary layoff	34.1	35.5	30.7	33.3	33.3	32.7	31.4	33.1	30.2
Job leavers	13.9	12.7	14.1	13.7	12.5	13.5	12.5	12.6	13.5
Reentrants	33.6	32.7	34.4	30.3	30.2	30.6	32.2	33.0	31.5
New entrants	9.2	8.5	10.1	9.2	9.4	10.0	9.8	9.1	10.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.6
Job leavers	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1
New entrants	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	May 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	1,950	1,585	2,082	2,019	2,325	2,194	2,126	1,904	2,147
5 to 14 weeks	1,568	1,572	1,261	1,906	2,013	1,810	1,815	1,842	1,559
15 weeks and over	2,237	2,231	2,159	2,164	2,153	2,214	2,256	2,084	2,097
15 to 26 weeks	1,066	997	888	967	902	942	950	854	799
27 weeks and over	1,171	1,234	1,271	1,197	1,252	1,271	1,305	1,230	1,298
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	21.8	24.2	24.8	21.3	20.5	21.7	22.2	22.9	24.1
Median duration, in weeks	9.9	11.2	9.7	9.3	8.9	9.3	9.6	9.4	9.1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	33.9	29.4	37.8	33.2	35.8	35.3	34.3	32.7	37.0
5 to 14 weeks	27.3	29.2	22.9	31.3	31.0	29.1	29.3	31.6	26.9
15 weeks and over	38.9	41.4	39.2	35.5	33.2	35.6	36.4	35.7	36.1
15 to 26 weeks	18.5	18.5	16.1	15.9	13.9	15.2	15.3	14.6	13.8
27 weeks and over	20.3	22.9	23.1	19.7	19.3	20.4	21.1	21.1	22.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	May 2018	May 2019	May 2018	May 2019	May 2018	May 2019
Total, 16 years and over(1)	156,009	157,152	5,756	5,503	3.6	3.4
Management, professional, and related occupations	62,360	63,594	1,083	1,086	1.7	1.7
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	25,784	26,534	448	398	1.7	1.5
Professional and related occupations	36,576	37,060	635	688	1.7	1.8
Service occupations	27,710	27,390	1,241	1,140	4.3	4.0
Sales and office occupations	33,165	32,997	1,297	1,316	3.8	3.8
Sales and related occupations	15,769	15,429	695	582	4.2	3.6
Office and administrative support occupations	17,396	17,568	602	735	3.3	4.0
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,299	14,355	685	560	4.6	3.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,056	1,330	92	93	8.0	6.6
Construction and extraction occupations	8,218	8,123	471	314	5.4	3.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	5,025	4,901	122	152	2.4	3.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18,475	18,816	898	803	4.6	4.1
Production occupations	8,633	8,660	396	276	4.4	3.1
Transportation and material moving occupations	9,842	10,156	502	527	4.9	4.9
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	May 2018	May 2019	May 2018	May 2019
Total, 16 years and over(1)	5,756	5,503	3.6	3.4
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,467	4,204	3.5	3.3
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	23	35	3.0	5.0
Construction	415	294	4.4	3.2
Manufacturing	546	369	3.4	2.3
Durable goods	340	215	3.4	2.2
Nondurable goods	206	154	3.5	2.5
Wholesale and retail trade	885	822	4.5	4.2
Transportation and utilities	223	299	3.2	4.1
Information	100	77	3.5	3.0
Financial activities	167	162	1.7	1.7
Professional and business services	669	600	4.0	3.4
Education and health services	563	609	2.3	2.4
Leisure and hospitality	706	745	4.9	5.0
Other services	171	194	2.5	2.9
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	95	99	5.8	5.4
Government workers	425	445	2.0	2.1
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	239	198	2.3	2.0
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2018	Apr. 2019	May 2019	May 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.6
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.6
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	3.8	3.6	3.6	4.0	4.3	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.8
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.6	4.9	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.4
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.3	6.9	6.7	7.7	8.1	7.3	7.3	7.3	7.1
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	May 2018	May 2019	May 2018	May 2019	May 2018	May 2019
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	95,689	96,207	38,201	38,665	57,488	57,542
Persons who currently want a job	5,696	5,500	2,646	2,762	3,050	2,738
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,455	1,395	776	732	679	663
Discouraged workers(2)	378	338	257	210	120	127
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,077	1,058	519	522	559	536
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,411	7,857	3,687	3,774	3,724	4,083
Percent of total employed	4.8	5.0	4.4	4.5	5.1	5.5
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,062	4,414	2,252	2,328	1,811	2,086
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,951	1,990	673	690	1,279	1,299
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	294	325	178	204	116	121
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,073	1,061	569	503	504	558
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)	Change from: Apr.2019 - May2019(p)
Total nonfarm	149,360	149,864	150,942	151,629	148,745	150,796	151,020	151,095	75
Total private	126,610	126,994	128,013	128,791	126,318	128,286	128,491	128,581	90
Goods-producing	20,697	20,698	20,908	21,111	20,650	21,035	21,070	21,078	8
Mining and logging	725	746	747	751	728	756	756	757	1
Logging	48.6	45.1	43.4	45.1	49.6	46.5	45.7	46.1	0.4
Mining	675.9	700.9	703.6	706.0	678.0	709.8	710.6	710.7	0.1
Oil and gas extraction	143.9	151.9	154.0	154.8	144.6	152.8	155.1	155.4	0.3
Mining, except oil and gas	193.2	191.3	193.8	196.7	191.5	195.8	195.5	195.6	0.1
Coal mining	51.9	52.6	52.4	52.8	52.0	52.9	52.4	52.9	0.5
Metal ore mining	41.4	40.9	41.2	41.2	41.6	41.1	41.5	41.0	-0.5
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	99.9	97.8	100.2	102.7	97.9	101.8	101.7	101.6	-0.1
Support activities for mining	338.8	357.7	355.8	354.5	341.9	361.2	360.0	359.7	-0.3
Construction	7,336	7,174	7,379	7,539	7,267	7,448	7,478	7,482	4
Construction of buildings	1,621.0	1,616.6	1,629.2	1,648.5	1,619.0	1,655.5	1,650.6	1,650.8	0.2
Residential building	801.8	814.3	819.0	830.1	800.4	835.4	829.3	829.2	-0.1
Nonresidential building	819.2	802.3	810.2	818.4	818.6	820.1	821.3	821.6	0.3
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,077.0	1,001.4	1,071.5	1,113.2	1,048.7	1,076.2	1,088.1	1,078.7	-9.4
Specialty trade contractors	4,637.9	4,555.6	4,678.2	4,777.2	4,599.2	4,716.4	4,739.6	4,752.5	12.9
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,044.0	1,990.6	2,036.8	2,086.1	2,021.0	2,061.5	2,066.0	2,071.3	5.3
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,593.9	2,565.0	2,641.4	2,691.1	2,578.2	2,654.9	2,673.6	2,681.2	7.6
Manufacturing	12,636	12,778	12,782	12,821	12,655	12,831	12,836	12,839	3
Durable goods	7,914	8,038	8,038	8,059	7,917	8,054	8,056	8,060	4
Wood products	407.1	405.3	408.5	408.0	406.5	408.6	410.2	408.4	-1.8
Nonmetallic mineral products	417.4	406.9	413.5	418.8	413.6	414.5	414.5	414.1	-0.4
Primary metals	375.8	383.4	381.5	382.0	376.3	383.2	381.7	381.5	-0.2
Fabricated metal products	1,461.7	1,481.4	1,481.3	1,484.3	1,461.8	1,484.4	1,483.6	1,482.8	-0.8
Machinery	1,116.4	1,140.9	1,136.9	1,140.2	1,117.7	1,142.1	1,139.6	1,141.0	1.4
Computer and electronic products	1,050.7	1,073.4	1,072.7	1,074.8	1,052.5	1,074.4	1,075.9	1,077.5	1.6
Computer and peripheral equipment	155.5	159.8	158.9	159.8	155.9	160.0	159.5	160.7	1.2
Communications equipment	85.6	86.1	86.3	85.2	85.6	86.1	86.5	85.9	-0.6
Semiconductors and electronic components	368.1	375.8	374.6	375.0	368.8	375.6	375.4	375.5	0.1
Electronic instruments	407.8	418.7	420.0	421.3	408.3	419.3	421.0	421.9	0.9
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	33.7	33.0	32.9	33.5	33.8	33.4	33.4	33.6	0.2
Electrical equipment and appliances	396.7	401.5	401.5	400.5	398.1	402.7	402.8	401.9	-0.9
Transportation equipment(1)	1,685.9	1,739.3	1,735.2	1,738.1	1,688.4	1,734.8	1,737.0	1,741.0	4.0
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	988.3	1,004.0	997.7	996.9	989.3	998.9	997.0	999.8	2.8
Furniture and related products	394.5	393.9	393.7	394.4	394.6	394.7	394.9	394.3	-0.6
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	607.4	612.1	613.2	618.0	607.8	614.7	615.4	617.2	1.8
Nondurable goods	4,722	4,740	4,744	4,762	4,738	4,777	4,780	4,779	-1
Food manufacturing	1,597.2	1,611.7	1,611.9	1,617.1	1,617.1	1,634.6	1,636.4	1,635.6	-0.8
Textile mills	112.8	112.6	113.4	111.9	112.3	112.6	113.5	112.8	-0.7
Textile product mills	115.7	113.9	114.2	113.1	115.7	114.5	114.4	113.9	-0.5
Apparel	115.0	107.7	108.2	108.0	115.0	107.8	107.9	107.6	-0.3
Paper and paper products	366.6	370.4	369.4	371.0	365.8	370.8	370.1	370.4	0.3
Printing and related support activities	431.0	420.8	419.2	419.7	431.2	422.0	421.1	421.1	0.0
Petroleum and coal products	116.3	113.1	115.1	117.7	115.4	116.7	116.8	117.1	0.3
Chemicals	833.0	855.8	855.3	857.8	834.4	856.0	857.3	857.8	0.5
Plastics and rubber products	732.1	735.4	735.4	738.7	730.1	736.0	735.9	736.3	0.4
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	301.9	298.4	301.5	307.0	301.4	305.7	306.9	306.8	-0.1
Private service-providing	105,913	106,296	107,105	107,680	105,668	107,251	107,421	107,503	82
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,541	27,491	27,562	27,686	27,630	27,810	27,811	27,811	0
Wholesale trade	5,829.0	5,895.7	5,917.7	5,938.2	5,827.2	5,921.7	5,932.5	5,939.6	7.1
Durable goods	3,136.4	3,195.2	3,204.1	3,212.3	3,137.7	3,204.8	3,211.9	3,217.6	5.7
Nondurable goods	2,150.7	2,150.4	2,161.7	2,174.0	2,146.8	2,164.3	2,166.0	2,168.7	2.7
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	541.9	550.1	551.9	551.9	542.7	552.6	554.6	553.3	-1.3
Retail trade	15,797.2	15,576.6	15,625.1	15,693.8	15,856.3	15,801.8	15,788.2	15,780.6	-7.6
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,021.3	2,032.3	2,047.4	2,049.5	2,015.1	2,041.8	2,048.5	2,047.4	-1.1
Automobile dealers	1,296.2	1,304.5	1,309.3	1,307.2	1,296.2	1,307.7	1,311.8	1,309.6	-2.2
Other motor vehicle dealers	163.6	153.7	161.8	165.9	157.9	157.9	160.9	160.1	-0.8
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	561.5	574.1	576.3	576.4	560.9	576.3	575.8	577.7	1.9
Furniture and home furnishings stores	474.0	484.9	481.5	481.0	480.0	488.2	487.3	487.2	-0.1
Electronics and appliance stores	488.0	468.5	466.4	463.6	496.0	472.3	471.6	470.3	-1.3
Building material and garden supply stores	1,384.3	1,310.8	1,348.6	1,370.1	1,311.1	1,303.6	1,301.1	1,302.2	1.1
Food and beverage stores	3,079.0	3,087.5	3,091.2	3,102.7	3,084.7	3,115.9	3,116.7	3,115.4	-1.3
Health and personal care stores	1,055.3	1,035.9	1,037.9	1,036.3	1,060.4	1,042.1	1,045.6	1,042.4	-3.2
Gasoline stations	935.0	934.8	936.7	947.3	932.2	944.7	944.6	946.0	1.4
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,335.1	1,303.8	1,297.5	1,286.6	1,372.3	1,347.6	1,343.8	1,331.1	-12.7
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	582.8	546.5	542.2	546.1	598.7	563.0	558.1	557.4	-0.7
General merchandise stores	3,043.1	2,981.8	2,980.9	2,996.6	3,102.3	3,063.1	3,052.5	3,058.7	6.2
Department stores	1,109.5	1,084.5	1,080.3	1,078.2	1,150.4	1,127.0	1,122.5	1,121.0	-1.5
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,933.6	1,897.3	1,900.6	1,918.4	1,951.9	1,936.1	1,930.0	1,937.6	7.6
Miscellaneous store retailers	837.7	814.5	821.7	840.4	832.5	837.5	836.1	839.2	3.1
Nonstore retailers	561.6	575.3	573.1	573.6	571.0	582.0	582.3	583.3	1.0
Transportation and warehousing	5,359.7	5,465.6	5,468.2	5,502.0	5,390.5	5,531.6	5,538.3	5,538.1	-0.2
Air transportation	501.2	513.2	513.5	515.2	499.5	514.4	513.9	513.9	0.0
Rail transportation	214.2	211.2	210.1	210.1	213.9	212.1	210.6	209.5	-1.1
Water transportation	65.5	62.4	63.6	66.0	64.8	64.7	64.4	65.0	0.6
Truck transportation	1,483.2	1,493.7	1,503.4	1,517.8	1,484.8	1,516.0	1,516.1	1,516.4	0.3
Transit and ground passenger transportation	501.8	502.0	506.4	506.3	485.1	488.7	492.3	489.6	-2.7
Pipeline transportation	48.6	47.0	47.1	48.1	48.7	47.1	47.4	47.9	0.5
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	37.5	26.9	30.2	34.1	34.2	33.7	34.3	32.4	-1.9
Support activities for transportation	706.3	717.3	717.1	717.2	708.6	719.2	718.6	719.3	0.7
Couriers and messengers	680.1	719.3	702.9	710.0	718.2	750.8	751.7	753.9	2.2
Warehousing and storage	1,121.3	1,172.6	1,173.9	1,177.2	1,132.7	1,184.9	1,189.0	1,190.2	1.2
Utilities	555.0	553.5	550.5	551.8	555.8	554.7	552.0	552.4	0.4
Information	2,826	2,803	2,795	2,782	2,831	2,812	2,802	2,797	-5
Publishing industries, except Internet	727.3	731.1	732.0	731.9	731.8	733.9	735.6	736.5	0.9
Motion picture and sound recording industries	445.6	417.1	420.4	418.3	440.0	422.4	417.6	415.8	-1.8
Broadcasting, except Internet	269.3	270.3	267.7	266.3	270.3	269.4	267.9	268.8	0.9
Telecommunications	751.9	730.0	714.5	712.9	754.9	729.2	719.5	717.8	-1.7
Data processing, hosting and related services	331.5	332.4	331.8	331.3	330.6	332.7	332.2	332.3	0.1
Other information services	300.3	322.5	328.1	321.2	303.0	324.2	328.7	326.1	-2.6
Financial activities	8,541	8,590	8,605	8,632	8,556	8,637	8,650	8,652	2
Finance and insurance	6,299.0	6,313.1	6,310.7	6,310.9	6,311.4	6,327.7	6,331.4	6,328.9	-2.5
Monetary authorities - central bank	19.4	19.6	19.6	19.6	19.5	19.7	19.7	19.7	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,646.2	2,622.6	2,620.2	2,623.3	2,649.2	2,631.6	2,630.9	2,630.6	-0.3
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,717.1	1,709.2	1,705.6	1,707.0	1,716.1	1,710.8	1,709.5	1,708.7	-0.8
Commercial banking	1,324.1	1,310.9	1,305.2	1,305.8	1,322.8	1,310.7	1,307.4	1,306.5	-0.9
Nondepository credit intermediation	621.5	607.7	608.9	612.6	624.8	614.2	615.0	616.2	1.2
Activities related to credit intermediation	307.6	305.7	305.7	303.7	308.2	306.6	306.4	305.8	-0.6
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	948.4	964.9	966.8	962.4	953.8	968.1	970.2	966.6	-3.6
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,685.0	2,706.0	2,704.1	2,705.6	2,688.9	2,708.3	2,710.6	2,712.0	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,241.9	2,277.2	2,294.6	2,321.1	2,244.3	2,309.6	2,318.1	2,323.4	5.3
Real estate	1,650.0	1,677.2	1,689.0	1,699.9	1,654.7	1,694.0	1,701.2	1,705.7	4.5
Rental and leasing services	568.3	577.3	582.7	598.2	566.1	592.5	593.8	594.7	0.9
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	23.6	22.7	22.9	23.0	23.5	23.1	23.1	23.0	-0.1
Professional and business services	20,941	21,067	21,343	21,422	20,929	21,332	21,394	21,427	33
Professional and technical services	9,205.5	9,539.3	9,579.8	9,500.2	9,261.0	9,509.3	9,529.3	9,550.6	21.3
Legal services	1,137.6	1,137.8	1,135.7	1,139.1	1,140.0	1,142.8	1,141.0	1,143.0	2.0
Accounting and bookkeeping services	965.7	1,145.7	1,133.0	1,004.2	1,012.2	1,042.2	1,043.7	1,045.5	1.8
Architectural and engineering services	1,467.3	1,490.5	1,500.7	1,514.5	1,468.4	1,509.2	1,512.6	1,516.2	3.6
Specialized design services	144.0	148.2	150.7	150.5	143.6	149.5	150.3	149.4	-0.9
Computer systems design and related services	2,107.6	2,161.6	2,191.1	2,205.1	2,110.6	2,182.2	2,197.8	2,206.2	8.4
Management and technical consulting services	1,472.4	1,503.8	1,514.0	1,518.3	1,474.0	1,520.4	1,521.8	1,521.6	-0.2
Scientific research and development services	685.2	715.8	718.3	722.8	685.5	719.3	721.8	722.7	0.9
Advertising and related services	491.8	488.2	486.2	490.5	491.3	490.0	486.8	489.1	2.3
Other professional and technical services	733.9	747.7	750.1	755.2	735.3	753.6	753.4	757.0	3.6
Management of companies and enterprises	2,367.7	2,395.9	2,399.3	2,400.4	2,369.4	2,405.5	2,408.9	2,405.6	-3.3
Administrative and waste services	9,367.3	9,132.2	9,363.9	9,521.8	9,298.8	9,416.9	9,455.8	9,470.6	14.8
Administrative and support services	8,928.9	8,686.6	8,912.9	9,067.8	8,862.3	8,965.0	9,001.9	9,017.2	15.3
Office administrative services	513.9	521.9	528.1	532.4	513.7	525.3	528.9	530.8	1.9
Facilities support services	152.7	155.5	154.3	155.8	152.8	155.8	154.7	156.1	1.4
Employment services(1)	3,658.5	3,579.4	3,641.0	3,699.6	3,665.8	3,706.1	3,716.2	3,724.1	7.9
Temporary help services	2,993.4	2,921.7	2,973.3	3,021.4	3,000.5	3,030.0	3,039.9	3,045.0	5.1
Business support services	885.0	887.2	885.4	881.9	897.0	891.1	894.6	896.9	2.3
Travel arrangement and reservation services	222.1	214.2	215.6	218.1	220.0	215.5	215.2	215.8	0.6
Investigation and security services	943.8	945.9	953.4	958.6	944.6	953.7	957.2	959.3	2.1
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,225.3	2,049.6	2,197.3	2,278.9	2,142.8	2,183.5	2,198.3	2,197.5	-0.8
Other support services	327.6	332.9	337.8	342.5	325.5	333.9	336.9	336.7	-0.2
Waste management and remediation services	438.4	445.6	451.0	454.0	436.5	451.9	453.9	453.4	-0.5
Education and health services	23,646	24,208	24,316	24,234	23,581	24,071	24,144	24,171	27
Educational services	3,753.4	3,919.7	3,953.5	3,819.3	3,707.7	3,760.1	3,776.8	3,780.4	3.6
Health care and social assistance	19,892.2	20,287.8	20,362.2	20,414.2	19,873.6	20,310.9	20,366.8	20,390.8	24.0
Health care(3)	15,943.9	16,276.9	16,310.1	16,339.8	15,962.6	16,309.8	16,337.4	16,353.1	15.7
Ambulatory health care services	7,477.7	7,686.6	7,710.7	7,734.9	7,478.0	7,702.8	7,718.5	7,730.7	12.2
Offices of physicians	2,612.9	2,661.4	2,665.3	2,676.9	2,616.9	2,667.2	2,671.1	2,679.0	7.9
Offices of dentists	949.7	980.8	982.0	982.6	950.7	983.4	984.2	985.0	0.8
Offices of other health practitioners	927.1	957.4	963.9	971.6	924.6	961.7	964.3	967.0	2.7
Outpatient care centers	930.1	967.6	967.1	968.9	930.2	966.3	967.5	967.7	0.2
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	275.1	287.7	288.8	288.7	276.4	287.8	288.7	289.8	1.1
Home health care services	1,472.0	1,521.6	1,532.1	1,535.2	1,468.9	1,526.3	1,531.6	1,531.6	0.0
Other ambulatory health care services	310.8	310.1	311.5	311.0	310.2	310.2	311.0	310.5	-0.5
Hospitals	5,112.8	5,217.3	5,219.7	5,216.1	5,128.5	5,220.0	5,228.6	5,231.6	3.0
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,353.4	3,373.0	3,379.7	3,388.8	3,356.1	3,387.0	3,390.3	3,390.8	0.5
Nursing care facilities	1,606.0	1,601.2	1,600.5	1,605.2	1,608.8	1,608.7	1,606.4	1,606.4	0.0
Residential mental health facilities	642.2	649.9	650.1	651.9	642.0	651.4	651.0	650.9	-0.1
Community care facilities for the elderly	939.4	952.2	959.8	961.3	938.8	956.1	963.1	963.1	0.0
Other residential care facilities	165.8	169.7	169.3	170.4	166.5	170.7	169.9	170.4	0.5
Social assistance	3,948.3	4,010.9	4,052.1	4,074.4	3,911.0	4,001.1	4,029.4	4,037.7	8.3
Individual and family services	2,458.1	2,512.4	2,549.2	2,562.4	2,446.3	2,516.5	2,544.8	2,551.8	7.0
Emergency and other relief services	172.5	176.8	176.4	176.2	172.9	176.1	176.5	176.6	0.1
Vocational rehabilitation services	329.8	328.4	326.5	328.0	329.6	331.2	328.3	327.8	-0.5
Child day care services	987.9	993.3	1,000.0	1,007.8	962.2	977.2	979.7	981.5	1.8
Leisure and hospitality	16,552	16,260	16,561	16,969	16,300	16,678	16,695	16,721	26
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,460.1	2,300.0	2,399.8	2,546.6	2,379.4	2,472.9	2,469.4	2,473.3	3.9
Performing arts and spectator sports	535.4	492.3	533.7	558.4	504.5	518.2	517.4	524.4	7.0
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	173.8	164.4	172.5	182.0	168.0	174.7	175.8	175.4	-0.4
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,750.9	1,643.3	1,693.6	1,806.2	1,706.9	1,780.0	1,776.2	1,773.5	-2.7
Accommodation and food services	14,091.9	13,959.8	14,161.5	14,422.4	13,920.5	14,205.3	14,225.2	14,247.3	22.1
Accommodation	2,028.2	1,979.0	1,998.3	2,055.8	2,025.1	2,046.7	2,045.8	2,051.0	5.2
Food services and drinking places	12,063.7	11,980.8	12,163.2	12,366.6	11,895.4	12,158.6	12,179.4	12,196.3	16.9
Other services	5,866	5,877	5,923	5,955	5,841	5,911	5,925	5,924	-1
Repair and maintenance	1,339.5	1,347.4	1,358.5	1,360.9	1,330.4	1,347.8	1,353.3	1,350.4	-2.9
Personal and laundry services	1,518.5	1,517.9	1,538.8	1,553.2	1,505.1	1,532.3	1,536.0	1,536.9	0.9
Membership associations and organizations	3,008.2	3,011.7	3,025.7	3,041.1	3,005.0	3,030.7	3,035.9	3,036.6	0.7
Government	22,750	22,870	22,929	22,838	22,427	22,510	22,529	22,514	-15
Federal	2,788.0	2,782.0	2,802.0	2,812.0	2,793.0	2,803.0	2,811.0	2,815.0	4.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,183.6	2,176.2	2,197.2	2,203.3	2,187.0	2,196.2	2,204.6	2,206.0	1.4
U.S. Postal Service	604.2	605.6	604.8	608.2	606.1	607.2	606.3	608.5	2.2
State government	5,178.0	5,342.0	5,347.0	5,175.0	5,168.0	5,184.0	5,178.0	5,168.0	-10.0
State government education	2,481.9	2,650.1	2,654.1	2,476.3	2,475.5	2,486.2	2,485.2	2,476.9	-8.3
State government, excluding education	2,696.3	2,691.8	2,693.0	2,699.0	2,692.7	2,697.5	2,692.7	2,691.3	-1.4
Local government	14,784.0	14,746.0	14,780.0	14,851.0	14,466.0	14,523.0	14,540.0	14,531.0	-9.0
Local government education	8,273.4	8,311.1	8,312.0	8,303.4	7,956.5	7,983.8	7,992.4	7,986.3	-6.1
Local government, excluding education	6,510.8	6,434.6	6,468.0	6,547.6	6,509.9	6,539.2	6,548.0	6,544.9	-3.1
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.5	34.5	34.4	34.4
Goods-producing	40.6	40.4	40.3	40.3
Mining and logging	46.1	46.4	46.7	46.3
Construction	39.5	39.4	39.1	39.1
Manufacturing	40.8	40.7	40.6	40.6
Durable goods	41.2	41.1	41.0	41.0
Nondurable goods	40.2	40.1	40.0	39.9
Private service-providing	33.3	33.3	33.3	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.5	34.2	34.3	34.2
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.0	39.0	38.9
Retail trade	31.0	30.6	30.7	30.7
Transportation and warehousing	38.9	38.7	38.7	38.5
Utilities	42.0	42.2	41.8	42.1
Information	36.0	36.2	36.2	36.4
Financial activities	37.6	37.7	37.7	37.6
Professional and business services	36.2	36.3	36.2	36.3
Education and health services	33.0	33.0	33.0	33.0
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	26.1	26.0	25.9
Other services	31.7	31.9	31.8	31.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4
Durable goods	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3
Nondurable goods	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)
Total private	$26.99	$27.71	$27.77	$27.83	$931.16	$956.00	$955.29	$957.35
Goods-producing	28.13	28.74	28.81	28.89	1,142.08	1,161.10	1,161.04	1,164.27
Mining and logging	32.26	33.09	33.44	33.51	1,487.19	1,535.38	1,561.65	1,551.51
Construction	29.72	30.48	30.60	30.68	1,173.94	1,200.91	1,196.46	1,199.59
Manufacturing	26.97	27.47	27.49	27.57	1,100.38	1,118.03	1,116.09	1,119.34
Durable goods	28.32	28.92	28.96	29.04	1,166.78	1,188.61	1,187.36	1,190.64
Nondurable goods	24.67	24.97	24.96	25.02	991.73	1,001.30	998.40	998.30
Private service-providing	26.72	27.47	27.52	27.58	889.78	914.75	916.42	918.41
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23.24	24.03	24.01	24.12	801.78	821.83	823.54	824.90
Wholesale trade	30.31	31.32	31.17	31.38	1,185.12	1,221.48	1,215.63	1,220.68
Retail trade	18.70	19.41	19.46	19.47	579.70	593.95	597.42	597.73
Transportation and warehousing	24.30	24.65	24.70	24.87	945.27	953.96	955.89	957.50
Utilities	40.25	41.90	41.58	41.84	1,690.50	1,768.18	1,738.04	1,761.46
Information	39.55	41.69	41.65	41.63	1,423.80	1,509.18	1,507.73	1,515.33
Financial activities	34.67	35.58	35.80	35.92	1,303.59	1,341.37	1,349.66	1,350.59
Professional and business services	32.40	33.27	33.36	33.42	1,172.88	1,207.70	1,207.63	1,213.15
Education and health services	26.95	27.48	27.50	27.48	889.35	906.84	907.50	906.84
Leisure and hospitality	15.89	16.39	16.43	16.50	414.73	427.78	427.18	427.35
Other services	24.51	24.84	24.89	24.92	776.97	792.40	791.50	792.46
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2019 - May 2019(p)	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2019 - May 2019(p)
Total private	109.4	111.1	110.9	111.0	0.1	141.1	147.1	147.3	147.7	0.3
Goods-producing	95.5	96.8	96.7	96.8	0.1	121.4	125.8	126.0	126.4	0.3
Mining and logging	105.5	110.2	110.9	110.1	-0.7	136.6	146.4	148.9	148.2	-0.5
Construction	98.9	101.2	100.8	100.8	0.0	127.8	134.0	134.0	134.4	0.3
Manufacturing	92.9	93.9	93.8	93.8	0.0	116.5	120.0	119.9	120.2	0.3
Durable goods	91.8	93.2	93.0	93.0	0.0	115.5	119.7	119.6	120.0	0.3
Nondurable goods	95.1	95.6	95.4	95.2	-0.2	119.0	121.1	120.9	120.8	-0.1
Private service-providing	113.2	114.9	115.1	115.2	0.1	147.0	153.4	153.9	154.4	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	103.9	103.7	104.0	103.7	-0.3	130.2	134.3	134.6	134.8	0.1
Wholesale trade	100.5	101.9	102.1	101.9	-0.2	127.4	133.5	133.1	133.8	0.5
Retail trade	99.8	98.2	98.4	98.4	0.0	123.4	125.9	126.6	126.6	0.0
Transportation and warehousing	119.9	122.4	122.5	121.9	-0.5	147.7	153.0	153.5	153.8	0.2
Utilities	101.0	101.3	99.8	100.6	0.8	134.3	140.2	137.1	139.1	1.5
Information	93.1	93.0	92.6	93.0	0.4	131.1	138.0	137.4	137.8	0.3
Financial activities	105.4	106.6	106.8	106.5	-0.3	142.5	148.0	149.1	149.3	0.1
Professional and business services	118.8	121.4	121.4	122.0	0.5	155.8	163.6	164.0	165.0	0.6
Education and health services	127.1	129.7	130.1	130.2	0.1	164.7	171.5	172.1	172.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	121.4	124.2	123.9	123.6	-0.2	155.6	164.2	164.2	164.5	0.2
Other services	106.8	108.7	108.6	108.6	0.0	143.4	148.0	148.2	148.3	0.1
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)
Total nonfarm	73,837	75,119	75,254	75,339	49.6	49.8	49.8	49.9
Total private	60,931	62,125	62,247	62,340	48.2	48.4	48.4	48.5
Goods-producing	4,557	4,690	4,697	4,708	22.1	22.3	22.3	22.3
Mining and logging	93	97	97	98	12.8	12.8	12.8	12.9
Construction	927	965	965	973	12.8	13.0	12.9	13.0
Manufacturing	3,537	3,628	3,635	3,637	27.9	28.3	28.3	28.3
Durable goods	1,866	1,926	1,930	1,936	23.6	23.9	24.0	24.0
Nondurable goods	1,671	1,702	1,705	1,701	35.3	35.6	35.7	35.6
Private service-providing	56,374	57,435	57,550	57,632	53.4	53.6	53.6	53.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,096	11,148	11,153	11,160	40.2	40.1	40.1	40.1
Wholesale trade	1,727.0	1,778.6	1,789.4	1,794.2	29.6	30.0	30.2	30.2
Retail trade	7,905.6	7,846.5	7,834.0	7,833.8	49.9	49.7	49.6	49.6
Transportation and warehousing	1,334.7	1,390.0	1,398.0	1,399.7	24.8	25.1	25.2	25.3
Utilities	129.1	132.5	131.9	132.0	23.2	23.9	23.9	23.9
Information	1,117	1,118	1,116	1,105	39.5	39.8	39.8	39.5
Financial activities	4,841	4,888	4,890	4,888	56.6	56.6	56.5	56.5
Professional and business services	9,479	9,701	9,727	9,756	45.3	45.5	45.5	45.5
Education and health services	18,178	18,585	18,640	18,676	77.1	77.2	77.2	77.3
Leisure and hospitality	8,559	8,839	8,860	8,884	52.5	53.0	53.1	53.1
Other services	3,104	3,156	3,164	3,163	53.1	53.4	53.4	53.4
Government	12,906	12,994	13,007	12,999	57.5	57.7	57.7	57.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)
Total private	104,103	105,675	105,811	105,878
Goods-producing	14,840	15,102	15,103	15,100
Mining and logging	540	563	560	558
Construction	5,430	5,542	5,560	5,565
Manufacturing	8,870	8,997	8,983	8,977
Durable goods	5,436	5,554	5,546	5,548
Nondurable goods	3,434	3,443	3,437	3,429
Private service-providing	89,263	90,573	90,708	90,778
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,384	23,531	23,517	23,532
Wholesale trade	4,678.4	4,761.6	4,771.0	4,774.9
Retail trade	13,569.9	13,498.3	13,469.0	13,476.4
Transportation and warehousing	4,689.7	4,828.6	4,835.1	4,838.3
Utilities	445.5	442.3	441.5	442.1
Information	2,277	2,261	2,257	2,250
Financial activities	6,627	6,692	6,701	6,704
Professional and business services	17,073	17,407	17,452	17,463
Education and health services	20,718	21,135	21,195	21,219
Leisure and hospitality	14,350	14,653	14,678	14,708
Other services	4,834	4,894	4,908	4,902
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.8	33.7	33.7	33.6
Goods-producing	41.6	41.2	41.1	41.1
Mining and logging	47.4	47.0	47.3	46.9
Construction	40.3	39.9	39.6	39.7
Manufacturing	42.0	41.7	41.6	41.6
Durable goods	42.2	42.0	42.0	41.9
Nondurable goods	41.7	41.2	41.1	41.1
Private service-providing	32.5	32.5	32.4	32.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	33.9	33.9	33.8
Wholesale trade	39.0	38.8	38.7	38.7
Retail trade	30.4	30.4	30.5	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	38.5	37.9	37.9	37.8
Utilities	42.7	42.5	42.2	42.3
Information	35.5	35.5	35.4	35.4
Financial activities	37.0	37.0	37.0	37.0
Professional and business services	35.3	35.4	35.5	35.5
Education and health services	32.3	32.3	32.2	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	24.9	24.9	24.7	24.8
Other services	30.8	30.8	30.7	30.7
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.3
Durable goods	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.2
Nondurable goods	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.4
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)
Total private	$22.62	$23.25	$23.31	$23.38	$764.56	$783.53	$785.55	$785.57
Goods-producing	23.87	24.53	24.59	24.65	992.99	1,010.64	1,010.65	1,013.12
Mining and logging	27.93	29.39	29.93	29.70	1,323.88	1,381.33	1,415.69	1,392.93
Construction	27.54	28.31	28.42	28.49	1,109.86	1,129.57	1,125.43	1,131.05
Manufacturing	21.43	21.96	21.96	22.03	900.06	915.73	913.54	916.45
Durable goods	22.39	22.91	22.88	22.94	944.86	962.22	960.96	961.19
Nondurable goods	19.90	20.40	20.44	20.53	829.83	840.48	840.08	843.78
Private service-providing	22.35	22.98	23.04	23.11	726.38	746.85	746.50	748.76
Trade, transportation, and utilities	19.83	20.50	20.55	20.65	674.22	694.95	696.65	697.97
Wholesale trade	25.00	26.11	26.03	26.12	975.00	1,013.07	1,007.36	1,010.84
Retail trade	15.93	16.39	16.50	16.53	484.27	498.26	503.25	500.86
Transportation and warehousing	21.76	22.37	22.45	22.64	837.76	847.82	850.86	855.79
Utilities	36.49	36.76	36.85	37.07	1,558.12	1,562.30	1,555.07	1,568.06
Information	31.63	33.28	33.32	33.45	1,122.87	1,181.44	1,179.53	1,184.13
Financial activities	26.89	27.39	27.54	27.73	994.93	1,013.43	1,018.98	1,026.01
Professional and business services	26.70	27.39	27.44	27.53	942.51	969.61	974.12	977.32
Education and health services	23.57	24.11	24.15	24.16	761.31	778.75	777.63	777.95
Leisure and hospitality	13.79	14.35	14.38	14.44	343.37	357.32	355.19	358.11
Other services	20.71	21.03	21.08	21.12	637.87	647.72	647.16	648.38
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2019 - May 2019(p)	May 2018	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019(p)	May 2019(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2019 - May 2019(p)
Total private	117.2	118.7	118.8	118.5	-0.3	177.2	184.4	185.1	185.2	0.1
Goods-producing	94.3	95.1	94.9	94.8	-0.1	137.9	142.8	142.8	143.1	0.2
Mining and logging	136.0	140.6	140.8	139.1	-1.2	220.9	240.4	245.0	240.2	-2.0
Construction	109.6	110.7	110.2	110.6	0.4	162.9	169.3	169.2	170.2	0.6
Manufacturing	85.5	86.1	85.8	85.7	-0.1	119.9	123.7	123.2	123.5	0.2
Durable goods	86.2	87.6	87.5	87.3	-0.2	120.5	125.3	125.0	125.1	0.1
Nondurable goods	84.4	83.6	83.2	83.0	-0.2	118.7	120.5	120.2	120.5	0.2
Private service-providing	123.5	125.4	125.2	125.3	0.1	189.4	197.6	197.8	198.5	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	111.0	111.4	111.3	111.1	-0.2	157.2	163.0	163.3	163.7	0.2
Wholesale trade	108.3	109.6	109.6	109.7	0.1	159.8	169.0	168.4	169.1	0.4
Retail trade	104.4	103.8	104.0	103.3	-0.7	142.5	145.8	147.0	146.4	-0.4
Transportation and warehousing	135.8	137.6	137.8	137.6	-0.1	187.4	195.3	196.2	197.5	0.7
Utilities	97.3	96.1	95.3	95.6	0.3	148.2	147.5	146.6	148.0	1.0
Information	92.3	91.6	91.2	90.9	-0.3	144.5	150.9	150.4	150.5	0.1
Financial activities	115.4	116.6	116.7	116.8	0.1	191.0	196.4	197.8	199.2	0.7
Professional and business services	134.8	137.8	138.5	138.6	0.1	214.0	224.4	226.0	226.9	0.4
Education and health services	142.7	145.6	145.5	145.7	0.1	222.0	231.6	231.9	232.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	130.9	133.6	132.8	133.6	0.6	205.0	217.8	216.9	219.1	1.0
Other services	104.4	105.7	105.7	105.5	-0.2	157.6	162.0	162.3	162.4	0.1
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.