Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	      USDL-19-1868
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 1, 2019

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

	
                THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- OCTOBER 2019


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 128,000 in October, and the
unemployment rate was little changed at 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in food
services and drinking places, social assistance, and financial activities.
Within manufacturing, employment in motor vehicles and parts decreased
due to strike activity. Federal government employment was down, reflecting
a drop in the number of temporary jobs for the 2020 Census. 
 
This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The
household survey measures labor force status, including unemployment,
by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm
employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about
the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see
the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 3.6 percent, and the number of unemployed
persons, at 5.9 million, changed little in October. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men
(3.2 percent), adult women (3.2 percent), teenagers (12.3 percent),
Whites (3.2 percent), Blacks (5.4 percent), Asians (2.9 percent), and
Hispanics (4.1 percent) showed little or no change in October. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more)
was essentially unchanged at 1.3 million in October and accounted for 21.5
percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate was little changed at 63.3 percent in
October, and the employment-population ratio held at 61.0 percent. Both
measures were up by 0.4 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.4 million,
changed little in October. These individuals, who would have preferred
full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been
reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In October, 1.2 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force,
down by 262,000 from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.)
These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available
for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They
were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in
the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 341,000 discouraged workers in 
October, down by 165,000 from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.)
Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they
believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 888,000 persons marginally
attached to the labor force in October had not searched for work for reasons
such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 128,000 in October. Job growth
has averaged 167,000 per month thus far in 2019, compared with an average
monthly gain of 223,000 in 2018. In October, notable job gains occurred in
food services and drinking places, social assistance, and financial activities.
Employment declined in motor vehicles and parts manufacturing due to strike
activity. Federal government employment also was down, reflecting a drop in
the number of temporary jobs for the 2020 Census. (See table B-1.)

In October, food services and drinking places added 48,000 jobs. Job growth
in the industry has averaged 38,000 over the past 3 months, compared with an
average monthly gain of 16,000 in the first 7 months of 2019. 

Employment in social assistance increased by 20,000 in October and by 139,000
over the last 12 months. Most of the gain occurred in individual and family
services, which added 17,000 jobs over the month and 111,000 over the year.  

In October, employment in financial activities rose by 16,000, with gains
in real estate and rental and leasing (+10,000) and in credit intermediation
and related activities (+6,000). Financial activities has added 108,000
jobs over the last 12 months.

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in
October (+22,000). The industry has added an average of 33,000 jobs per
month thus far in 2019, compared with an average gain of 47,000 jobs per 
month in 2018.

Health care employment continued on an upward trend in October (+15,000).
Health care has added 402,000 jobs over the last 12 months.

Manufacturing employment decreased by 36,000 in October. Within manufacturing,
employment in motor vehicles and parts declined by 42,000, reflecting strike
activity. 

Federal government employment was down by 17,000 over the month, as 20,000
temporary workers who had been preparing for the 2020 Census completed their
work.

Employment in other major industries--including mining, construction, wholesale
trade, retail trade, transportation and warehousing, and information--showed
little change over the month.

In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm
payrolls rose by 6 cents to $28.18. Over the past 12 months, average hourly
earnings have increased by 3.0 percent. In October, average hourly earnings of
private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 4 cents to $23.70.
(See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged
at 34.4 hours in October. In manufacturing, the average workweek decreased by
0.2 hour to 40.3 hours, while overtime was unchanged at 3.2 hours. The average
workweek of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees held at 33.6
hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised up by 51,000
from +168,000 to +219,000, and the change for September was revised up by 44,000
from +136,000 to +180,000. With these revisions, employment gains in August and
September combined were 95,000 more than previously reported. (Monthly revisions
result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
After revisions, job gains have averaged 176,000 over the last 3 months.

_____________
The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on
Friday, December 6, 2019, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Change from: Sept. 2019- Oct. 2019
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	258,514	259,432	259,638	259,845	207
Civilian labor force	162,694	163,922	164,039	164,364	325
Participation rate	62.9	63.2	63.2	63.3	0.1
Employed	156,582	157,878	158,269	158,510	241
Employment-population ratio	60.6	60.9	61.0	61.0	0.0
Unemployed	6,112	6,044	5,769	5,855	86
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.6	0.1
Not in labor force	95,821	95,510	95,599	95,481	-118
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.6	0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.5	3.4	3.2	3.2	0.0
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.2	0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.0	12.6	12.5	12.3	-0.2
White	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.2	0.0
Black or African American	6.2	5.5	5.5	5.4	-0.1
Asian	3.1	2.8	2.5	2.9	0.4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.4	4.2	3.9	4.1	0.2
Total, 25 years and over	3.1	2.9	2.8	2.9	0.1
Less than a high school diploma	5.9	5.4	4.8	5.6	0.8
High school graduates, no college	4.0	3.6	3.6	3.7	0.1
Some college or associate degree	3.0	3.1	2.9	2.9	0.0
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.1	0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,858	2,876	2,572	2,674	102
Job leavers	731	781	840	849	9
Reentrants	1,914	1,801	1,669	1,703	34
New entrants	605	574	677	627	-50
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,062	2,207	1,868	1,968	100
5 to 14 weeks	1,845	1,757	1,781	1,749	-32
15 to 26 weeks	859	835	819	899	80
27 weeks and over	1,370	1,243	1,314	1,264	-50
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,630	4,381	4,350	4,438	88
Slack work or business conditions	2,837	2,678	2,588	2,754	166
Could only find part-time work	1,461	1,351	1,322	1,287	-35
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,448	21,697	21,573	21,549	-24
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,491	1,564	1,299	1,229	-
Discouraged workers	506	467	321	341	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	277	219	180	128
Total private	285	163	167	131
Goods-producing	60	4	7	-26
Mining and logging	6	-5	1	0
Construction	25	7	11	10
Manufacturing	29	2	-5	-36
Durable goods(1)	19	-2	-6	-41
Motor vehicles and parts	7.1	-2.6	-3.5	-41.6
Nondurable goods	10	4	1	5
Private service-providing	225	159	160	157
Wholesale trade	6.7	2.4	7.1	10.8
Retail trade	-9.9	-1.3	6.7	6.1
Transportation and warehousing	24.3	-7.6	6.3	9.9
Utilities	1.4	-0.9	-1.3	-1.4
Information	10	-4	4	-4
Financial activities	14	17	8	16
Professional and business services(1)	55	38	37	22
Temporary help services	14.3	9.5	20.1	-8.1
Education and health services(1)	37	63	49	39
Health care and social assistance	46.7	54.8	44.8	34.2
Leisure and hospitality	79	48	45	61
Other services	7	5	-2	-3
Government	-8	56	13	-3
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	222	188	188	176
Total private	213	149	151	154
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.7	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private women employees	48.3	48.5	48.6	48.6
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.3	82.3	82.2
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.5	34.4	34.4	34.4
Average hourly earnings	$27.35	$28.11	$28.12	$28.18
Average weekly earnings	$943.58	$966.98	$967.33	$969.39
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	110.3	111.4	111.5	111.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	0.5	0.1	0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	144.2	149.7	149.9	150.4
Over-the-month percent change	0.4	0.9	0.1	0.3
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (258 industries)	67.4	55.8	55.4	55.4
Manufacturing (76 industries)	59.9	48.7	40.8	43.4
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 689,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Oct. 2018	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	258,514	259,638	259,845	258,514	259,037	259,225	259,432	259,638	259,845
Civilian labor force	162,723	163,943	164,576	162,694	162,981	163,351	163,922	164,039	164,364
Participation rate	62.9	63.1	63.3	62.9	62.9	63.0	63.2	63.2	63.3
Employed	156,952	158,478	159,067	156,582	157,005	157,288	157,878	158,269	158,510
Employment-population ratio	60.7	61.0	61.2	60.6	60.6	60.7	60.9	61.0	61.0
Unemployed	5,771	5,465	5,510	6,112	5,975	6,063	6,044	5,769	5,855
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.6
Not in labor force	95,792	95,694	95,269	95,821	96,057	95,874	95,510	95,599	95,481
Persons who currently want a job	5,048	4,637	4,412	5,333	5,322	5,043	5,150	4,880	4,753
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,041	125,583	125,687	125,041	125,285	125,378	125,481	125,583	125,687
Civilian labor force	86,081	86,729	86,824	86,146	86,479	86,805	86,832	86,839	86,884
Participation rate	68.8	69.1	69.1	68.9	69.0	69.2	69.2	69.1	69.1
Employed	83,052	83,862	83,918	82,894	83,293	83,584	83,600	83,732	83,753
Employment-population ratio	66.4	66.8	66.8	66.3	66.5	66.7	66.6	66.7	66.6
Unemployed	3,029	2,867	2,906	3,252	3,185	3,221	3,233	3,107	3,132
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.6
Not in labor force	38,960	38,855	38,863	38,895	38,806	38,573	38,649	38,744	38,802
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	116,546	117,140	117,242	116,546	116,843	116,939	117,040	117,140	117,242
Civilian labor force	83,332	83,837	83,967	83,277	83,501	83,794	83,868	83,829	83,902
Participation rate	71.5	71.6	71.6	71.5	71.5	71.7	71.7	71.6	71.6
Employed	80,637	81,348	81,433	80,388	80,718	80,981	81,039	81,135	81,181
Employment-population ratio	69.2	69.4	69.5	69.0	69.1	69.3	69.2	69.3	69.2
Unemployed	2,694	2,488	2,534	2,889	2,783	2,814	2,830	2,694	2,721
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.2
Not in labor force	33,215	33,304	33,275	33,269	33,341	33,144	33,171	33,311	33,340
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	133,474	134,054	134,158	133,474	133,753	133,847	133,951	134,054	134,158
Civilian labor force	76,642	77,214	77,752	76,548	76,502	76,546	77,090	77,199	77,480
Participation rate	57.4	57.6	58.0	57.4	57.2	57.2	57.6	57.6	57.8
Employed	73,900	74,616	75,149	73,688	73,712	73,705	74,278	74,537	74,757
Employment-population ratio	55.4	55.7	56.0	55.2	55.1	55.1	55.5	55.6	55.7
Unemployed	2,742	2,598	2,603	2,860	2,790	2,841	2,812	2,662	2,723
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.5
Not in labor force	56,832	56,840	56,406	56,926	57,251	57,301	56,861	56,855	56,678
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,200	125,806	125,907	125,200	125,509	125,604	125,705	125,806	125,907
Civilian labor force	73,683	74,501	74,891	73,442	73,579	73,548	74,123	74,314	74,517
Participation rate	58.9	59.2	59.5	58.7	58.6	58.6	59.0	59.1	59.2
Employed	71,270	72,204	72,584	70,935	71,139	71,069	71,655	71,974	72,112
Employment-population ratio	56.9	57.4	57.6	56.7	56.7	56.6	57.0	57.2	57.3
Unemployed	2,412	2,297	2,307	2,507	2,441	2,479	2,468	2,340	2,405
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.2
Not in labor force	51,517	51,304	51,016	51,757	51,929	52,057	51,582	51,491	51,390
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,768	16,691	16,696	16,768	16,686	16,682	16,687	16,691	16,696
Civilian labor force	5,708	5,605	5,718	5,974	5,900	6,009	5,931	5,895	5,946
Participation rate	34.0	33.6	34.2	35.6	35.4	36.0	35.5	35.3	35.6
Employed	5,045	4,926	5,050	5,258	5,148	5,239	5,184	5,160	5,217
Employment-population ratio	30.1	29.5	30.2	31.4	30.9	31.4	31.1	30.9	31.2
Unemployed	664	680	668	715	751	770	747	735	729
Unemployment rate	11.6	12.1	11.7	12.0	12.7	12.8	12.6	12.5	12.3
Not in labor force	11,060	11,086	10,978	10,795	10,786	10,673	10,756	10,796	10,750
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Oct. 2018	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	200,596	201,062	201,172	200,596	200,746	200,843	200,953	201,062	201,172
Civilian labor force	126,018	126,928	127,165	126,100	126,244	126,345	126,765	127,053	127,114
Participation rate	62.8	63.1	63.2	62.9	62.9	62.9	63.1	63.2	63.2
Employed	122,170	123,055	123,402	121,923	122,125	122,144	122,471	122,972	123,012
Employment-population ratio	60.9	61.2	61.3	60.8	60.8	60.8	60.9	61.2	61.1
Unemployed	3,848	3,873	3,763	4,177	4,119	4,201	4,293	4,081	4,102
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.2
Not in labor force	74,578	74,133	74,007	74,496	74,502	74,498	74,188	74,008	74,058
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,737	66,100	66,081	65,771	65,928	65,994	66,066	66,134	66,119
Participation rate	71.6	71.8	71.7	71.6	71.7	71.7	71.8	71.8	71.7
Employed	63,933	64,380	64,316	63,785	64,009	64,005	64,094	64,246	64,168
Employment-population ratio	69.6	69.9	69.8	69.4	69.6	69.6	69.6	69.7	69.6
Unemployed	1,803	1,720	1,765	1,986	1,919	1,989	1,972	1,888	1,951
Unemployment rate	2.7	2.6	2.7	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,941	56,449	56,682	55,778	55,704	55,663	56,063	56,356	56,394
Participation rate	58.0	58.4	58.6	57.8	57.7	57.6	58.0	58.3	58.3
Employed	54,325	54,807	55,143	54,062	53,993	53,988	54,286	54,707	54,750
Employment-population ratio	56.3	56.7	57.0	56.1	55.9	55.9	56.2	56.6	56.6
Unemployed	1,615	1,643	1,539	1,716	1,711	1,675	1,776	1,649	1,644
Unemployment rate	2.9	2.9	2.7	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,341	4,379	4,402	4,551	4,612	4,687	4,636	4,563	4,601
Participation rate	35.3	35.8	36.0	37.0	37.7	38.3	37.9	37.3	37.6
Employed	3,911	3,868	3,943	4,076	4,123	4,151	4,091	4,019	4,093
Employment-population ratio	31.8	31.6	32.2	33.1	33.7	33.9	33.4	32.8	33.4
Unemployed	429	511	460	476	489	536	545	545	508
Unemployment rate	9.9	11.7	10.4	10.5	10.6	11.4	11.8	11.9	11.0
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,887	33,116	33,152	32,887	33,014	33,045	33,081	33,116	33,152
Civilian labor force	20,706	20,656	20,834	20,564	20,430	20,714	20,588	20,669	20,682
Participation rate	63.0	62.4	62.8	62.5	61.9	62.7	62.2	62.4	62.4
Employed	19,397	19,611	19,695	19,290	19,199	19,481	19,463	19,540	19,559
Employment-population ratio	59.0	59.2	59.4	58.7	58.2	59.0	58.8	59.0	59.0
Unemployed	1,309	1,045	1,139	1,274	1,231	1,233	1,125	1,129	1,123
Unemployment rate	6.3	5.1	5.5	6.2	6.0	6.0	5.5	5.5	5.4
Not in labor force	12,181	12,460	12,317	12,323	12,584	12,331	12,492	12,447	12,470
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,477	9,509	9,552	9,400	9,303	9,502	9,490	9,490	9,484
Participation rate	68.7	68.3	68.5	68.2	67.1	68.4	68.3	68.2	68.0
Employed	8,862	9,032	9,068	8,814	8,768	8,953	8,931	8,975	9,005
Employment-population ratio	64.3	64.9	65.0	63.9	63.2	64.5	64.2	64.5	64.6
Unemployed	615	477	484	586	535	549	559	515	480
Unemployment rate	6.5	5.0	5.1	6.2	5.8	5.8	5.9	5.4	5.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,415	10,480	10,567	10,327	10,396	10,421	10,379	10,460	10,471
Participation rate	62.7	62.6	63.1	62.2	62.3	62.4	62.1	62.5	62.5
Employed	9,892	10,024	10,039	9,825	9,846	9,877	9,926	9,978	9,967
Employment-population ratio	59.6	59.9	59.9	59.2	59.0	59.2	59.4	59.6	59.5
Unemployed	523	456	528	501	550	544	453	482	503
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.3	5.0	4.9	5.3	5.2	4.4	4.6	4.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	815	668	715	837	731	790	719	719	726
Participation rate	32.7	27.2	29.1	33.6	29.7	32.1	29.2	29.3	29.6
Employed	643	556	588	650	586	650	605	587	587
Employment-population ratio	25.8	22.6	23.9	26.1	23.8	26.4	24.6	23.9	23.9
Unemployed	172	112	127	187	145	140	113	132	139
Unemployment rate	21.1	16.8	17.8	22.4	19.9	17.7	15.7	18.3	19.2
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,030	16,400	16,399	16,030	16,557	16,399	16,433	16,400	16,399
Civilian labor force	10,213	10,518	10,669	10,280	10,526	10,449	10,524	10,519	10,721
Participation rate	63.7	64.1	65.1	64.1	63.6	63.7	64.0	64.1	65.4
Employed	9,899	10,261	10,371	9,956	10,303	10,160	10,225	10,260	10,416
Employment-population ratio	61.8	62.6	63.2	62.1	62.2	62.0	62.2	62.6	63.5
Unemployed	314	257	298	324	222	289	299	258	306
Unemployment rate	3.1	2.4	2.8	3.1	2.1	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.9
Not in labor force	5,817	5,881	5,730	5,750	6,032	5,950	5,909	5,881	5,678
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Oct. 2018	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	43,054	43,722	43,814	43,054	43,453	43,537	43,630	43,722	43,814
Civilian labor force	28,512	29,258	29,542	28,513	28,855	28,896	29,082	29,287	29,486
Participation rate	66.2	66.9	67.4	66.2	66.4	66.4	66.7	67.0	67.3
Employed	27,343	28,210	28,419	27,266	27,602	27,581	27,866	28,152	28,282
Employment-population ratio	63.5	64.5	64.9	63.3	63.5	63.4	63.9	64.4	64.6
Unemployed	1,169	1,048	1,123	1,248	1,253	1,314	1,216	1,135	1,204
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.6	3.8	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.2	3.9	4.1
Not in labor force	14,542	14,464	14,272	14,541	14,599	14,642	14,548	14,435	14,328
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	15,442	15,783	15,858	15,448	15,659	15,651	15,718	15,791	15,841
Participation rate	79.4	80.0	80.2	79.5	79.8	79.6	79.8	80.0	80.1
Employed	14,898	15,390	15,377	14,854	15,093	15,017	15,186	15,320	15,307
Employment-population ratio	76.6	78.0	77.7	76.4	76.9	76.4	77.1	77.6	77.4
Unemployed	544	393	481	594	566	634	532	471	533
Unemployment rate	3.5	2.5	3.0	3.8	3.6	4.0	3.4	3.0	3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,778	12,210	12,376	11,767	11,885	11,929	12,113	12,191	12,327
Participation rate	59.9	61.1	61.8	59.9	59.9	60.0	60.8	61.0	61.6
Employed	11,305	11,737	11,922	11,266	11,382	11,480	11,604	11,724	11,844
Employment-population ratio	57.5	58.8	59.5	57.3	57.3	57.7	58.2	58.7	59.2
Unemployed	472	472	455	501	503	449	509	467	483
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.9	3.7	4.3	4.2	3.8	4.2	3.8	3.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,293	1,265	1,307	1,298	1,310	1,316	1,251	1,305	1,318
Participation rate	32.6	31.6	32.6	32.8	32.9	33.0	31.3	32.6	32.9
Employed	1,140	1,083	1,121	1,145	1,126	1,084	1,076	1,108	1,130
Employment-population ratio	28.8	27.0	27.9	28.9	28.3	27.2	26.9	27.7	28.2
Unemployed	152	182	187	153	184	232	175	197	188
Unemployment rate	11.8	14.4	14.3	11.8	14.0	17.6	14.0	15.1	14.3
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2018	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,078	10,008	9,588	10,268	10,025	9,975	10,032	9,929	9,786
Participation rate	46.9	46.3	46.3	47.8	45.4	47.1	47.1	46.0	47.2
Employed	9,567	9,608	9,137	9,658	9,489	9,466	9,490	9,448	9,242
Employment-population ratio	44.5	44.5	44.1	44.9	43.0	44.7	44.6	43.7	44.6
Unemployed	510	400	452	610	536	509	542	480	544
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.0	4.7	5.9	5.3	5.1	5.4	4.8	5.6
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,254	36,701	36,439	36,103	36,120	36,286	36,318	36,313	36,270
Participation rate	57.8	58.4	58.0	57.6	57.8	57.5	57.3	57.8	57.8
Employed	34,879	35,474	35,160	34,650	34,715	34,982	35,023	35,005	34,941
Employment-population ratio	55.6	56.5	56.0	55.3	55.6	55.4	55.3	55.7	55.7
Unemployed	1,375	1,227	1,279	1,454	1,404	1,304	1,295	1,308	1,328
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.3	3.5	4.0	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.7
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,808	37,404	37,881	37,531	37,200	37,222	37,710	37,452	37,581
Participation rate	65.7	65.0	65.3	65.2	64.7	65.0	65.6	65.1	64.8
Employed	36,706	36,348	36,862	36,392	36,069	36,028	36,549	36,363	36,510
Employment-population ratio	63.8	63.1	63.6	63.2	62.7	62.9	63.6	63.2	63.0
Unemployed	1,102	1,056	1,018	1,139	1,132	1,194	1,161	1,089	1,072
Unemployment rate	2.9	2.8	2.7	3.0	3.0	3.2	3.1	2.9	2.9
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	58,022	59,077	59,700	57,968	58,510	58,664	58,800	59,080	59,517
Participation rate	73.6	73.9	74.0	73.5	73.8	73.4	73.9	73.9	73.8
Employed	56,890	57,919	58,520	56,782	57,275	57,399	57,551	57,884	58,274
Employment-population ratio	72.2	72.5	72.6	72.0	72.3	71.8	72.3	72.4	72.3
Unemployed	1,132	1,157	1,180	1,186	1,235	1,265	1,249	1,196	1,243
Unemployment rate	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.1
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	19,090	18,710	17,218	16,821	1,872	1,889
Civilian labor force	9,369	9,169	8,255	8,105	1,114	1,064
Participation rate	49.1	49.0	47.9	48.2	59.5	56.3
Employed	9,100	8,895	8,019	7,891	1,081	1,004
Employment-population ratio	47.7	47.5	46.6	46.9	57.7	53.1
Unemployed	269	274	236	214	33	60
Unemployment rate	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.6	3.0	5.7
Not in labor force	9,721	9,541	8,963	8,716	758	825
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,141	4,370	3,405	3,597	736	772
Civilian labor force	3,384	3,441	2,861	2,943	523	498
Participation rate	81.7	78.7	84.0	81.8	71.1	64.5
Employed	3,279	3,320	2,770	2,869	509	451
Employment-population ratio	79.2	76.0	81.3	79.8	69.2	58.4
Unemployed	105	121	91	74	14	47
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.5	3.2	2.5	2.7	9.5
Not in labor force	757	929	545	654	213	274
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,147	3,074	2,677	2,609	470	466
Civilian labor force	2,450	2,297	2,109	1,965	341	332
Participation rate	77.9	74.7	78.8	75.3	72.6	71.3
Employed	2,383	2,216	2,047	1,889	336	328
Employment-population ratio	75.7	72.1	76.5	72.4	71.4	70.3
Unemployed	67	81	61	77	5	4
Unemployment rate	2.7	3.5	2.9	3.9	1.6	1.3
Not in labor force	697	777	568	643	129	134
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,502	7,094	7,246	6,848	256	246
Civilian labor force	1,545	1,443	1,491	1,396	54	47
Participation rate	20.6	20.3	20.6	20.4	21.2	19.0
Employed	1,498	1,409	1,447	1,363	52	47
Employment-population ratio	20.0	19.9	20.0	19.9	20.2	18.9
Unemployed	47	34	44	34	3	0
Unemployment rate	3.0	2.3	3.0	2.4	-	-
Not in labor force	5,957	5,651	5,755	5,452	202	199
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,300	4,172	3,890	3,767	410	405
Civilian labor force	1,990	1,987	1,795	1,800	195	187
Participation rate	46.3	47.6	46.1	47.8	47.6	46.3
Employed	1,940	1,949	1,755	1,770	184	179
Employment-population ratio	45.1	46.7	45.1	47.0	45.0	44.1
Unemployed	50	39	39	30	11	9
Unemployment rate	2.5	1.9	2.2	1.7	5.6	4.6
Not in labor force	2,310	2,185	2,095	1,967	215	218
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	230,542	232,012	103,266	104,279	127,276	127,733
Civilian labor force	151,214	153,292	76,864	77,718	74,351	75,575
Participation rate	65.6	66.1	74.4	74.5	58.4	59.2
Employed	145,912	148,318	74,170	75,158	71,743	73,160
Employment-population ratio	63.3	63.9	71.8	72.1	56.4	57.3
Unemployed	5,302	4,974	2,694	2,559	2,608	2,415
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.2
Not in labor force	79,328	78,719	26,402	26,561	52,925	52,158
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,145	29,797	228,370	230,048
Civilian labor force	6,468	6,125	156,255	158,451
Participation rate	21.5	20.6	68.4	68.9
Employed	5,987	5,705	150,965	153,362
Employment-population ratio	19.9	19.1	66.1	66.7
Unemployed	480	420	5,290	5,090
Unemployment rate	7.4	6.9	3.4	3.2
Not in labor force	23,677	23,672	72,114	71,596
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,740	2,665	77,736	78,118
Participation rate	36.4	35.9	82.4	82.9
Employed	2,520	2,460	75,067	75,558
Employment-population ratio	33.5	33.2	79.6	80.1
Unemployed	221	205	2,669	2,560
Unemployment rate	8.1	7.7	3.4	3.3
Not in labor force	4,790	4,749	16,560	16,170
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,511	2,255	69,508	70,619
Participation rate	32.0	30.6	71.6	72.6
Employed	2,304	2,088	67,136	68,317
Employment-population ratio	29.4	28.3	69.2	70.2
Unemployed	207	167	2,372	2,303
Unemployment rate	8.2	7.4	3.4	3.3
Not in labor force	5,329	5,122	27,560	26,646
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,216	1,204	9,011	9,714
Participation rate	8.2	8.0	24.4	25.2
Employed	1,163	1,157	8,762	9,487
Employment-population ratio	7.9	7.7	23.7	24.6
Unemployed	53	47	249	227
Unemployment rate	4.3	3.9	2.8	2.3
Not in labor force	13,559	13,802	27,994	28,780
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	43,051	42,326	20,795	20,385	22,256	21,940
Civilian labor force	28,410	28,067	16,198	15,931	12,212	12,137
Participation rate	66.0	66.3	77.9	78.1	54.9	55.3
Employed	27,533	27,346	15,763	15,565	11,770	11,780
Employment-population ratio	64.0	64.6	75.8	76.4	52.9	53.7
Unemployed	877	722	436	365	441	356
Unemployment rate	3.1	2.6	2.7	2.3	3.6	2.9
Not in labor force	14,641	14,258	4,597	4,455	10,044	9,803
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	215,463	217,519	104,245	105,301	111,218	112,218
Civilian labor force	134,313	136,509	69,882	70,893	64,431	65,615
Participation rate	62.3	62.8	67.0	67.3	57.9	58.5
Employed	129,419	131,721	67,290	68,352	62,130	63,369
Employment-population ratio	60.1	60.6	64.5	64.9	55.9	56.5
Unemployed	4,894	4,788	2,593	2,541	2,301	2,247
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.4
Not in labor force	81,150	81,010	34,363	34,408	46,787	46,603
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2018	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,484	2,479	2,553	2,418	2,320	2,402	2,400	2,404	2,461
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,771	1,672	1,738	1,674	1,482	1,577	1,560	1,610	1,630
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	692	781	786	722	778	779	789	769	796
Unpaid family workers	21	27	30	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	154,468	155,999	156,513	154,135	154,725	154,904	155,528	155,830	155,998
Wage and salary workers(1)	145,325	147,030	147,522	145,071	145,906	145,880	146,480	146,837	147,161
Government	21,187	21,089	21,598	21,186	20,952	20,823	20,913	21,088	21,469
Private industries	124,139	125,942	125,924	124,063	124,901	125,012	125,602	125,756	125,805
Private households	769	842	784	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	123,370	125,100	125,140	123,239	124,115	124,224	124,745	124,867	124,974
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,055	8,889	8,926	8,949	8,766	8,945	8,891	8,843	8,802
Unpaid family workers	88	80	66	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,246	3,992	4,046	4,630	4,347	3,984	4,381	4,350	4,438
Slack work or business conditions	2,600	2,377	2,533	2,837	2,707	2,385	2,678	2,588	2,754
Could only find part-time work	1,433	1,327	1,268	1,461	1,337	1,364	1,351	1,322	1,287
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,979	21,666	22,088	21,448	21,524	21,437	21,697	21,573	21,549
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,169	3,925	3,961	4,549	4,258	3,878	4,295	4,264	4,337
Slack work or business conditions	2,541	2,337	2,469	2,779	2,669	2,323	2,634	2,537	2,692
Could only find part-time work	1,428	1,317	1,258	1,453	1,326	1,350	1,337	1,311	1,275
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,616	21,291	21,679	21,083	21,188	21,049	21,322	21,190	21,138
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2018	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	156,952	158,478	159,067	156,582	157,005	157,288	157,878	158,269	158,510
16 to 19 years	5,045	4,926	5,050	5,258	5,148	5,239	5,184	5,160	5,217
16 to 17 years	1,940	1,870	1,854	1,954	1,756	1,704	1,835	1,797	1,835
18 to 19 years	3,105	3,056	3,197	3,305	3,398	3,559	3,360	3,321	3,404
20 years and over	151,908	153,553	154,016	151,324	151,857	152,050	152,694	153,109	153,293
20 to 24 years	13,865	14,203	14,337	13,897	14,291	14,233	14,057	14,297	14,363
25 years and over	138,042	139,350	139,679	137,504	137,547	137,837	138,508	138,742	138,999
25 to 54 years	101,289	101,621	101,942	100,892	100,665	100,373	101,042	101,151	101,414
25 to 34 years	35,802	36,073	36,230	35,693	35,708	35,486	35,937	35,910	36,057
35 to 44 years	33,017	33,581	33,594	32,857	32,973	33,044	33,149	33,377	33,393
45 to 54 years	32,469	31,967	32,118	32,343	31,985	31,842	31,956	31,864	31,964
55 years and over	36,753	37,729	37,738	36,612	36,882	37,464	37,467	37,592	37,585
Men, 16 years and over	83,052	83,862	83,918	82,894	83,293	83,584	83,600	83,732	83,753
16 to 19 years	2,415	2,514	2,485	2,506	2,575	2,603	2,561	2,597	2,572
16 to 17 years	863	916	868	895	896	855	894	895	899
18 to 19 years	1,552	1,598	1,617	1,621	1,681	1,762	1,657	1,679	1,684
20 years and over	80,637	81,348	81,433	80,388	80,718	80,981	81,039	81,135	81,181
20 to 24 years	7,031	7,167	7,157	7,082	7,279	7,228	7,099	7,218	7,215
25 years and over	73,606	74,181	74,276	73,331	73,430	73,761	73,827	73,871	73,966
25 to 54 years	53,957	54,061	54,139	53,789	53,630	53,688	53,749	53,843	53,941
25 to 34 years	19,196	19,256	19,353	19,169	19,009	19,088	19,194	19,182	19,305
35 to 44 years	17,704	18,012	17,954	17,625	17,792	17,790	17,764	17,926	17,877
45 to 54 years	17,056	16,792	16,832	16,995	16,829	16,810	16,791	16,735	16,759
55 years and over	19,650	20,121	20,137	19,542	19,800	20,073	20,078	20,028	20,026
Women, 16 years and over	73,900	74,616	75,149	73,688	73,712	73,705	74,278	74,537	74,757
16 to 19 years	2,630	2,412	2,565	2,753	2,573	2,636	2,623	2,563	2,645
16 to 17 years	1,077	954	985	1,059	860	849	941	901	937
18 to 19 years	1,553	1,458	1,580	1,684	1,718	1,797	1,703	1,641	1,720
20 years and over	71,270	72,204	72,584	70,935	71,139	71,069	71,655	71,974	72,112
20 to 24 years	6,835	7,036	7,180	6,816	7,012	7,005	6,958	7,079	7,148
25 years and over	64,436	65,168	65,403	64,173	64,117	64,076	64,682	64,871	65,033
25 to 54 years	47,332	47,561	47,803	47,103	47,035	46,685	47,293	47,308	47,473
25 to 34 years	16,606	16,817	16,877	16,524	16,698	16,398	16,743	16,728	16,752
35 to 44 years	15,313	15,568	15,640	15,231	15,181	15,254	15,385	15,451	15,517
45 to 54 years	15,413	15,175	15,286	15,348	15,156	15,032	15,165	15,129	15,204
55 years and over	17,104	17,608	17,601	17,070	17,082	17,392	17,389	17,563	17,560
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	46,354	46,256	46,113	46,192	45,681	46,005	46,215	46,009	45,946
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,278	36,477	36,933	36,089	36,013	36,110	36,366	36,432	36,696
Women who maintain families(2)	10,060	10,006	9,791	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	129,627	131,704	131,990	129,255	130,148	130,429	130,789	131,094	131,545
Part-time workers(4)	27,325	26,774	27,077	27,311	26,807	26,861	26,974	27,095	27,021
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,093	8,331	8,351	7,873	8,156	8,389	8,373	8,357	8,158
Percent of total employed	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.0	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.1
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,057	6,227	6,358	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,747	9,669	9,712	9,671	9,544	9,724	9,681	9,612	9,599
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Oct. 2018	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,112	5,769	5,855	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.6
16 to 19 years	715	735	729	12.0	12.7	12.8	12.6	12.5	12.3
16 to 17 years	230	271	299	10.6	14.6	15.5	12.9	13.1	14.0
18 to 19 years	488	461	435	12.9	11.5	10.9	12.0	12.2	11.3
20 years and over	5,396	5,034	5,126	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.2
20 to 24 years	1,013	963	948	6.8	6.3	6.8	7.0	6.3	6.2
25 years and over	4,359	4,057	4,153	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.9
25 to 54 years	3,276	3,127	3,154	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.0
25 to 34 years	1,353	1,326	1,399	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.7
35 to 44 years	1,004	891	901	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.6
45 to 54 years	919	910	854	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.6
55 years and over	1,077	925	1,004	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.6
Men, 16 years and over	3,252	3,107	3,132	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.6
16 to 19 years	363	413	411	12.6	13.5	13.5	13.6	13.7	13.8
16 to 17 years	112	135	150	11.1	14.0	15.3	14.4	13.1	14.3
18 to 19 years	252	275	257	13.5	12.9	11.8	13.3	14.1	13.2
20 years and over	2,889	2,694	2,721	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.2
20 to 24 years	567	561	589	7.4	7.4	7.6	7.9	7.2	7.6
25 years and over	2,297	2,142	2,114	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.8
25 to 54 years	1,767	1,674	1,617	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.0	2.9
25 to 34 years	743	760	743	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.7
35 to 44 years	551	434	435	3.0	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.4
45 to 54 years	473	481	439	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.6
55 years and over	530	468	497	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.4
Women, 16 years and over	2,860	2,662	2,723	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.5
16 to 19 years	353	322	319	11.4	12.0	12.1	11.6	11.2	10.7
16 to 17 years	119	137	149	10.1	15.2	15.7	11.6	13.2	13.7
18 to 19 years	236	185	178	12.3	10.1	10.1	10.8	10.1	9.4
20 years and over	2,507	2,340	2,405	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.2
20 to 24 years	446	402	359	6.1	5.2	5.9	6.2	5.4	4.8
25 years and over	2,062	1,915	2,039	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.0
25 to 54 years	1,509	1,453	1,537	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.1
25 to 34 years	610	566	656	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.5	3.3	3.8
35 to 44 years	453	457	466	2.9	3.3	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9
45 to 54 years	446	430	415	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.8	2.7
55 years and over	530	475	491	3.0	3.3	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.7
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	914	815	818	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.7
Married women, spouse present(1)	846	824	845	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.3
Women who maintain families(2)	565	492	558	5.3	5.1	6.0	5.1	4.7	5.4
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,853	4,640	4,788	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.5
Part-time workers(4)	1,245	1,098	1,067	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.4	3.9	3.8
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2018	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,510	2,227	2,340	2,858	2,736	2,798	2,876	2,572	2,674
On temporary layoff	507	428	468	793	801	836	817	731	762
Not on temporary layoff	2,003	1,799	1,872	2,066	1,935	1,963	2,059	1,841	1,912
Permanent job losers	1,317	1,269	1,216	1,365	1,358	1,361	1,397	1,308	1,259
Persons who completed temporary jobs	686	530	656	701	577	602	661	532	653
Job leavers	746	897	859	731	888	833	781	840	849
Reentrants	1,951	1,691	1,719	1,914	1,868	1,810	1,801	1,669	1,703
New entrants	564	650	592	605	541	595	574	677	627
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	43.5	40.7	42.5	46.8	45.3	46.4	47.7	44.7	45.7
On temporary layoff	8.8	7.8	8.5	13.0	13.3	13.8	13.6	12.7	13.0
Not on temporary layoff	34.7	32.9	34.0	33.8	32.1	32.5	34.1	32.0	32.7
Job leavers	12.9	16.4	15.6	12.0	14.7	13.8	12.9	14.6	14.5
Reentrants	33.8	30.9	31.2	31.3	31.0	30.0	29.9	29.0	29.1
New entrants	9.8	11.9	10.7	9.9	9.0	9.9	9.5	11.8	10.7
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.6
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0
New entrants	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2018	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	1,866	1,820	1,755	2,062	1,961	2,201	2,207	1,868	1,968
5 to 14 weeks	1,734	1,588	1,651	1,845	1,830	1,797	1,757	1,781	1,749
15 weeks and over	2,171	2,057	2,104	2,229	2,182	2,071	2,078	2,132	2,163
15 to 26 weeks	824	737	856	859	769	905	835	819	899
27 weeks and over	1,347	1,320	1,249	1,370	1,414	1,166	1,243	1,314	1,264
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	23.8	23.0	23.1	22.4	22.2	19.6	22.1	22.0	21.8
Median duration, in weeks	9.9	9.8	9.8	9.4	9.6	8.9	8.9	9.4	9.3
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	32.3	33.3	31.9	33.6	32.8	36.3	36.5	32.3	33.5
5 to 14 weeks	30.0	29.1	30.0	30.1	30.6	29.6	29.1	30.8	29.7
15 weeks and over	37.6	37.6	38.2	36.3	36.5	34.1	34.4	36.9	36.8
15 to 26 weeks	14.3	13.5	15.5	14.0	12.9	14.9	13.8	14.2	15.3
27 weeks and over	23.3	24.1	22.7	22.3	23.7	19.2	20.6	22.7	21.5
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019
Total, 16 years and over(1)	156,952	159,067	5,771	5,510	3.5	3.3
Management, professional, and related occupations	62,929	64,997	1,246	1,161	1.9	1.8
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	26,165	27,517	535	471	2.0	1.7
Professional and related occupations	36,764	37,480	711	690	1.9	1.8
Service occupations	26,689	27,132	1,247	1,257	4.5	4.4
Sales and office occupations	33,730	34,055	1,233	1,145	3.5	3.3
Sales and related occupations	15,927	16,050	599	572	3.6	3.4
Office and administrative support occupations	17,803	18,005	634	573	3.4	3.1
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,588	14,389	546	534	3.6	3.6
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,181	1,123	63	55	5.0	4.7
Construction and extraction occupations	8,558	8,365	400	402	4.5	4.6
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,849	4,901	83	76	1.7	1.5
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	19,015	18,494	920	797	4.6	4.1
Production occupations	8,904	8,412	414	386	4.4	4.4
Transportation and material moving occupations	10,112	10,083	506	411	4.8	3.9
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019
Total, 16 years and over(1)	5,771	5,510	3.5	3.3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,458	4,233	3.5	3.3
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	14	23	1.7	2.8
Construction	352	398	3.6	4.0
Manufacturing	504	484	3.2	3.1
Durable goods	260	286	2.5	2.9
Nondurable goods	245	198	4.3	3.5
Wholesale and retail trade	794	732	3.9	3.6
Transportation and utilities	217	197	3.1	2.6
Information	84	79	3.2	3.3
Financial activities	205	198	2.0	2.0
Professional and business services	691	625	4.0	3.5
Education and health services	649	552	2.7	2.2
Leisure and hospitality	747	747	5.4	5.3
Other services	200	197	3.0	2.9
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	74	62	4.1	3.6
Government workers	411	414	1.9	1.9
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	265	209	2.6	2.1
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2018	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	June 2019	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.6
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.6
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	3.8	3.5	3.5	4.1	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.8
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.3	4.3
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.0	6.5	6.5	7.5	7.2	7.0	7.2	6.9	7.0
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2018	Oct. 2019
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	95,792	95,269	38,960	38,863	56,832	56,406
Persons who currently want a job	5,048	4,412	2,298	2,093	2,750	2,318
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,491	1,229	823	668	668	561
Discouraged workers(2)	506	341	314	227	192	114
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	984	888	509	441	476	447
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,093	8,351	3,958	4,065	4,135	4,286
Percent of total employed	5.2	5.3	4.8	4.8	5.6	5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,484	4,602	2,490	2,471	1,994	2,131
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,180	2,172	723	801	1,457	1,370
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	284	377	171	207	114	169
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,073	1,149	539	564	534	585
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)	Change from: Sept.2019 - Oct.2019(p)
Total nonfarm	150,853	151,607	152,015	152,962	149,852	151,637	151,817	151,945	128
Total private	128,001	129,955	129,385	129,941	127,366	129,008	129,175	129,306	131
Goods-producing	21,092	21,452	21,332	21,280	20,892	21,104	21,111	21,085	-26
Mining and logging	759	760	754	755	751	746	747	747	0
Logging	48.1	50.3	49.9	49.6	47.2	48.6	48.4	48.5	0.1
Mining	710.9	709.6	704.4	705.3	703.6	697.2	698.3	698.5	0.2
Oil and gas extraction	146.7	164.8	164.1	163.7	146.5	161.8	163.5	163.8	0.3
Mining, except oil and gas	197.5	196.4	195.1	195.1	194.6	192.2	192.7	192.5	-0.2
Coal mining	52.2	53.4	53.3	53.3	51.9	53.2	53.2	53.1	-0.1
Metal ore mining	41.4	40.3	39.7	39.6	41.6	39.8	39.8	39.7	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	103.9	102.7	102.1	102.2	101.1	99.2	99.8	99.6	-0.2
Support activities for mining	366.7	348.4	345.2	346.5	362.5	343.2	342.1	342.2	0.1
Construction	7,559	7,758	7,698	7,705	7,379	7,506	7,517	7,527	10
Construction of buildings	1,669.2	1,707.1	1,687.2	1,691.4	1,641.5	1,666.2	1,664.6	1,665.8	1.2
Residential building	827.8	864.1	853.3	857.6	813.7	843.6	843.8	846.7	2.9
Nonresidential building	841.4	843.0	833.9	833.8	827.8	822.6	820.8	819.1	-1.7
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,129.8	1,141.8	1,143.1	1,147.3	1,071.8	1,078.2	1,082.5	1,088.5	6.0
Specialty trade contractors	4,759.5	4,909.0	4,867.7	4,866.2	4,665.8	4,761.4	4,770.3	4,772.2	1.9
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,086.3	2,134.1	2,108.8	2,111.3	2,054.0	2,067.2	2,072.5	2,074.7	2.2
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,673.2	2,774.9	2,758.9	2,754.9	2,611.8	2,694.2	2,697.8	2,697.5	-0.3
Manufacturing	12,774	12,934	12,880	12,820	12,762	12,852	12,847	12,811	-36
Durable goods	8,003	8,098	8,059	8,013	8,006	8,067	8,061	8,020	-41
Wood products	410.0	412.0	412.5	414.2	409.2	410.1	411.2	412.6	1.4
Nonmetallic mineral products	420.5	423.5	420.7	424.2	416.9	417.3	417.6	419.6	2.0
Primary metals	377.9	379.0	377.1	374.1	377.9	378.7	377.7	374.8	-2.9
Fabricated metal products	1,475.3	1,486.9	1,477.7	1,478.9	1,476.1	1,482.1	1,480.0	1,481.3	1.3
Machinery	1,126.6	1,139.6	1,127.7	1,125.6	1,130.5	1,135.9	1,131.5	1,130.9	-0.6
Computer and electronic products	1,059.1	1,093.8	1,091.4	1,091.3	1,059.9	1,089.0	1,092.3	1,092.7	0.4
Computer and peripheral equipment	157.2	164.1	163.8	163.7	157.2	162.6	163.4	163.6	0.2
Communications equipment	85.3	86.6	86.1	86.2	85.3	86.5	86.3	86.3	0.0
Semiconductors and electronic components	369.0	381.4	380.1	378.1	369.6	379.7	380.5	379.4	-1.1
Electronic instruments	413.5	427.7	427.0	429.5	414.1	426.5	428.2	430.0	1.8
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	34.1	34.0	34.4	33.8	33.7	33.7	33.9	33.5	-0.4
Electrical equipment and appliances	402.5	405.5	402.9	403.1	403.0	403.8	402.5	403.3	0.8
Transportation equipment(1)	1,722.3	1,741.6	1,738.8	1,694.4	1,724.9	1,739.1	1,737.4	1,698.3	-39.1
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,003.7	992.3	988.7	943.6	1,005.8	991.4	987.9	946.3	-41.6
Furniture and related products	394.7	395.9	392.6	391.6	394.4	392.6	392.8	391.6	-1.2
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	613.8	620.1	617.4	615.8	612.8	618.3	617.8	614.8	-3.0
Nondurable goods	4,771	4,836	4,821	4,807	4,756	4,785	4,786	4,791	5
Food manufacturing	1,638.6	1,668.5	1,666.0	1,661.7	1,628.6	1,636.7	1,641.1	1,648.9	7.8
Textile mills	112.2	112.1	111.1	110.7	111.9	111.8	111.1	110.6	-0.5
Textile product mills	116.0	114.3	112.8	113.6	115.8	113.4	112.5	113.4	0.9
Apparel	110.5	106.7	105.2	104.4	110.1	107.0	105.5	104.2	-1.3
Paper and paper products	367.8	370.7	369.0	369.0	369.2	370.0	369.6	370.2	0.6
Printing and related support activities	429.5	421.9	420.5	419.4	428.7	420.2	419.5	418.2	-1.3
Petroleum and coal products	118.2	118.2	117.7	115.8	115.5	114.6	114.5	113.7	-0.8
Chemicals	841.2	859.6	858.5	858.2	842.9	857.8	860.2	861.0	0.8
Plastics and rubber products	730.4	743.9	739.2	734.3	733.1	740.9	739.2	737.3	-1.9
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	306.4	319.8	321.1	319.9	299.8	312.2	313.1	313.8	0.7
Private service-providing	106,909	108,503	108,053	108,661	106,474	107,904	108,064	108,221	157
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,764	27,750	27,698	27,897	27,715	27,809	27,828	27,854	26
Wholesale trade	5,886.5	5,961.8	5,946.0	5,965.1	5,877.5	5,941.7	5,948.8	5,959.6	10.8
Durable goods	3,170.8	3,236.8	3,227.2	3,231.9	3,173.8	3,223.9	3,228.9	3,235.4	6.5
Nondurable goods	2,164.0	2,173.8	2,166.5	2,173.4	2,152.9	2,168.5	2,167.1	2,165.3	-1.8
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	551.7	551.2	552.3	559.8	550.8	549.3	552.8	558.9	6.1
Retail trade	15,796.5	15,748.6	15,634.2	15,771.4	15,794.4	15,759.5	15,766.2	15,772.3	6.1
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,035.8	2,070.1	2,070.4	2,066.1	2,031.8	2,057.3	2,061.7	2,061.0	-0.7
Automobile dealers	1,306.1	1,314.0	1,314.7	1,312.4	1,302.6	1,309.1	1,310.5	1,309.1	-1.4
Other motor vehicle dealers	159.1	164.5	163.2	161.1	160.3	158.4	161.2	161.6	0.4
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	570.6	591.6	592.5	592.6	568.9	589.9	589.9	590.3	0.4
Furniture and home furnishings stores	486.2	478.3	476.7	486.8	483.5	484.6	484.4	484.8	0.4
Electronics and appliance stores	482.5	454.8	456.0	472.7	482.8	462.4	463.4	469.7	6.3
Building material and garden supply stores	1,275.4	1,316.1	1,296.0	1,288.6	1,300.6	1,314.9	1,316.5	1,313.7	-2.8
Food and beverage stores	3,091.7	3,133.1	3,116.3	3,135.7	3,089.5	3,119.8	3,130.9	3,136.2	5.3
Health and personal care stores	1,058.6	1,034.7	1,028.8	1,044.3	1,061.3	1,043.6	1,040.3	1,045.4	5.1
Gasoline stations	935.8	966.4	959.0	962.3	934.1	955.6	956.7	960.5	3.8
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,339.5	1,320.7	1,268.3	1,280.1	1,352.3	1,318.0	1,305.4	1,297.7	-7.7
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	559.2	558.3	554.6	560.5	561.4	563.6	562.4	561.2	-1.2
General merchandise stores	3,109.4	3,009.1	3,018.3	3,072.2	3,094.8	3,039.2	3,050.5	3,052.9	2.4
Department stores	1,149.3	1,086.8	1,086.1	1,124.6	1,146.5	1,108.2	1,113.9	1,119.2	5.3
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,960.1	1,922.3	1,932.2	1,947.6	1,948.3	1,931.0	1,936.6	1,933.6	-3.0
Miscellaneous store retailers	838.2	835.3	823.9	829.7	826.5	827.2	824.1	822.3	-1.8
Nonstore retailers	584.2	571.7	565.9	572.4	575.8	573.3	569.9	566.9	-3.0
Transportation and warehousing	5,527.1	5,484.4	5,567.6	5,611.3	5,488.5	5,555.3	5,561.6	5,571.5	9.9
Air transportation	503.4	520.1	517.5	519.7	503.7	517.4	517.7	520.7	3.0
Rail transportation	216.6	203.0	199.5	199.5	216.2	202.5	199.6	199.3	-0.3
Water transportation	65.3	67.3	65.5	64.8	64.9	64.5	64.5	64.4	-0.1
Truck transportation	1,518.8	1,537.9	1,528.5	1,529.0	1,502.6	1,516.6	1,512.3	1,513.6	1.3
Transit and ground passenger transportation	505.1	422.0	503.1	508.7	486.9	483.8	489.0	490.1	1.1
Pipeline transportation	48.6	47.8	47.7	47.7	48.7	47.7	47.6	47.6	0.0
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	34.5	45.2	40.4	35.4	33.4	34.7	34.5	34.7	0.2
Support activities for transportation	720.8	721.5	722.7	728.9	716.7	720.4	723.2	725.0	1.8
Couriers and messengers	729.6	735.0	747.6	764.5	744.2	773.0	776.1	778.5	2.4
Warehousing and storage	1,184.4	1,184.6	1,195.1	1,213.1	1,171.2	1,194.7	1,197.1	1,197.6	0.5
Utilities	553.8	555.0	549.9	549.3	554.5	552.9	551.6	550.2	-1.4
Information	2,839	2,849	2,822	2,831	2,832	2,822	2,826	2,822	-4
Publishing industries, except Internet	734.5	746.9	748.0	747.4	732.9	742.5	744.8	745.5	0.7
Motion picture and sound recording industries	445.7	439.2	424.7	430.0	441.0	424.6	429.2	422.9	-6.3
Broadcasting, except Internet	271.0	266.6	268.3	270.1	269.5	267.7	267.3	268.3	1.0
Telecommunications	741.3	713.9	704.2	702.9	742.6	711.4	706.0	704.7	-1.3
Data processing, hosting and related services	331.7	338.9	337.2	339.4	331.4	336.8	337.6	338.2	0.6
Other information services	314.7	343.2	339.8	341.3	315.0	339.1	340.8	342.0	1.2
Financial activities	8,618	8,761	8,708	8,732	8,611	8,695	8,703	8,719	16
Finance and insurance	6,328.6	6,387.1	6,363.5	6,379.9	6,328.0	6,362.4	6,369.7	6,375.6	5.9
Monetary authorities - central bank	19.6	19.6	19.4	19.4	19.6	19.5	19.5	19.4	-0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,646.1	2,649.5	2,638.3	2,646.5	2,649.5	2,638.2	2,640.8	2,646.3	5.5
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,709.7	1,718.7	1,709.2	1,709.2	1,715.7	1,712.5	1,714.7	1,714.2	-0.5
Commercial banking	1,312.9	1,312.8	1,305.0	1,303.7	1,317.8	1,308.7	1,309.5	1,308.1	-1.4
Nondepository credit intermediation	626.0	624.9	624.5	626.7	624.0	619.4	620.5	622.4	1.9
Activities related to credit intermediation	310.4	305.9	304.6	310.6	309.8	306.2	305.7	309.7	4.0
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	961.9	985.2	974.4	976.9	961.1	975.8	975.9	976.4	0.5
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,701.0	2,732.8	2,731.4	2,737.1	2,697.8	2,728.9	2,733.5	2,733.5	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,289.8	2,374.3	2,344.4	2,352.5	2,282.7	2,332.1	2,333.7	2,343.3	9.6
Real estate	1,684.1	1,740.8	1,718.9	1,731.4	1,678.3	1,717.4	1,716.7	1,724.1	7.4
Rental and leasing services	582.1	609.9	602.5	598.0	580.8	591.6	593.9	596.2	2.3
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	23.6	23.6	23.0	23.1	23.6	23.1	23.1	23.0	-0.1
Professional and business services	21,397	21,668	21,637	21,812	21,183	21,526	21,563	21,585	22
Professional and technical services	9,385.2	9,629.6	9,558.9	9,656.4	9,387.8	9,631.8	9,642.9	9,659.4	16.5
Legal services	1,145.6	1,148.6	1,142.4	1,151.4	1,142.7	1,148.4	1,147.6	1,147.9	0.3
Accounting and bookkeeping services	974.2	1,003.0	993.4	1,009.6	1,023.3	1,057.2	1,058.3	1,060.1	1.8
Architectural and engineering services	1,498.0	1,540.4	1,525.0	1,533.8	1,489.7	1,520.9	1,522.9	1,525.4	2.5
Specialized design services	145.8	148.7	150.3	153.2	144.3	149.3	150.5	151.8	1.3
Computer systems design and related services	2,158.5	2,241.6	2,217.5	2,245.2	2,146.6	2,229.6	2,228.9	2,233.4	4.5
Management and technical consulting services	1,516.6	1,550.0	1,545.8	1,570.4	1,502.2	1,542.4	1,547.3	1,554.5	7.2
Scientific research and development services	702.3	738.6	733.0	735.3	703.9	732.5	735.4	736.9	1.5
Advertising and related services	490.8	491.1	488.0	492.8	488.9	489.4	489.7	490.9	1.2
Other professional and technical services	753.4	767.6	763.5	764.7	746.1	762.3	762.2	758.5	-3.7
Management of companies and enterprises	2,388.3	2,438.0	2,426.8	2,425.8	2,391.2	2,426.5	2,430.0	2,428.0	-2.0
Administrative and waste services	9,623.3	9,600.7	9,651.7	9,730.0	9,404.0	9,467.9	9,489.9	9,497.6	7.7
Administrative and support services	9,177.8	9,132.5	9,185.9	9,263.4	8,959.8	9,006.2	9,026.7	9,032.6	5.9
Office administrative services	520.0	532.8	530.1	534.2	519.2	531.6	531.1	533.4	2.3
Facilities support services	156.2	159.0	157.6	158.5	154.9	157.5	156.2	157.2	1.0
Employment services(1)	3,850.4	3,727.6	3,816.4	3,883.6	3,712.1	3,716.3	3,740.5	3,736.8	-3.7
Temporary help services	3,169.9	3,033.8	3,114.6	3,173.0	3,045.0	3,028.4	3,048.5	3,040.4	-8.1
Business support services	913.4	876.9	883.7	894.4	899.0	887.2	884.2	880.3	-3.9
Travel arrangement and reservation services	220.0	219.6	216.4	217.1	220.2	216.6	215.5	216.4	0.9
Investigation and security services	954.1	960.1	958.5	964.1	949.1	954.9	951.1	957.4	6.3
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,229.6	2,316.0	2,278.4	2,264.9	2,175.8	2,203.2	2,206.1	2,209.2	3.1
Other support services	334.1	340.5	344.8	346.6	329.5	339.0	342.0	341.9	-0.1
Waste management and remediation services	445.5	468.2	465.8	466.6	444.2	461.7	463.2	465.0	1.8
Education and health services	24,018	24,067	24,343	24,662	23,816	24,363	24,412	24,451	39
Educational services	3,899.7	3,523.3	3,795.4	4,000.9	3,739.2	3,824.6	3,829.0	3,833.9	4.9
Health care and social assistance	20,118.2	20,543.6	20,548.0	20,660.6	20,076.6	20,538.2	20,583.0	20,617.2	34.2
Health care(3)	16,136.6	16,478.2	16,475.0	16,533.7	16,101.3	16,451.2	16,488.8	16,503.4	14.6
Ambulatory health care services	7,576.5	7,800.7	7,802.3	7,842.6	7,548.2	7,791.9	7,815.7	7,823.5	7.8
Offices of physicians	2,642.1	2,693.5	2,694.2	2,706.8	2,631.9	2,692.7	2,699.8	2,699.1	-0.7
Offices of dentists	965.2	990.5	983.0	981.7	962.3	986.1	985.3	981.7	-3.6
Offices of other health practitioners	945.1	977.2	976.2	985.4	943.0	975.0	981.2	983.6	2.4
Outpatient care centers	944.4	974.9	975.2	982.2	943.8	975.3	978.8	982.2	3.4
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	281.8	292.8	294.2	298.1	281.1	293.5	294.3	297.3	3.0
Home health care services	1,493.3	1,558.5	1,561.8	1,571.4	1,485.2	1,556.0	1,560.9	1,565.1	4.2
Other ambulatory health care services	304.6	313.3	317.7	317.0	300.9	313.4	315.4	314.6	-0.8
Hospitals	5,185.3	5,261.6	5,270.0	5,277.8	5,179.3	5,258.6	5,268.5	5,270.6	2.1
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,374.8	3,415.9	3,402.7	3,413.3	3,373.8	3,400.7	3,404.6	3,409.3	4.7
Nursing care facilities	1,608.9	1,615.6	1,610.2	1,609.8	1,607.6	1,608.2	1,609.4	1,608.1	-1.3
Residential mental health facilities	645.7	656.1	652.9	655.1	646.8	654.2	654.4	655.7	1.3
Community care facilities for the elderly	952.6	972.6	968.0	976.6	951.9	968.2	969.4	974.0	4.6
Other residential care facilities	167.6	171.6	171.6	171.8	167.5	170.1	171.4	171.6	0.2
Social assistance	3,981.6	4,065.4	4,073.0	4,126.9	3,975.3	4,087.0	4,094.2	4,113.8	19.6
Individual and family services	2,493.3	2,589.6	2,570.0	2,608.8	2,496.5	2,586.6	2,589.8	2,607.0	17.2
Emergency and other relief services	176.6	178.1	178.6	178.3	177.5	178.1	178.9	178.6	-0.3
Vocational rehabilitation services	331.1	329.6	326.0	329.8	331.6	326.1	327.5	329.8	2.3
Child day care services	980.6	968.1	998.4	1,010.0	969.8	996.0	997.9	998.4	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	16,402	17,416	16,909	16,781	16,450	16,738	16,783	16,844	61
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,392.6	2,750.5	2,518.0	2,444.5	2,430.3	2,456.3	2,478.2	2,485.4	7.2
Performing arts and spectator sports	538.3	538.7	535.4	521.9	527.2	512.9	521.4	511.6	-9.8
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	172.9	187.9	177.2	178.0	172.3	175.5	175.7	177.6	1.9
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,681.4	2,023.9	1,805.4	1,744.6	1,730.8	1,767.9	1,781.1	1,796.2	15.1
Accommodation and food services	14,009.7	14,665.2	14,390.9	14,336.0	14,019.4	14,281.9	14,305.0	14,358.2	53.2
Accommodation	2,019.3	2,196.3	2,091.4	2,043.6	2,032.4	2,053.3	2,051.7	2,057.4	5.7
Food services and drinking places	11,990.4	12,468.9	12,299.5	12,292.4	11,987.0	12,228.6	12,253.3	12,300.8	47.5
Other services	5,871	5,992	5,936	5,946	5,867	5,951	5,949	5,946	-3
Repair and maintenance	1,338.7	1,370.8	1,368.3	1,372.9	1,337.4	1,367.8	1,368.2	1,370.8	2.6
Personal and laundry services	1,527.5	1,540.1	1,536.1	1,537.7	1,523.0	1,533.6	1,536.4	1,534.4	-2.0
Membership associations and organizations	3,004.5	3,081.2	3,031.2	3,035.6	3,006.2	3,050.0	3,044.1	3,040.9	-3.2
Government	22,852	21,652	22,630	23,021	22,486	22,629	22,642	22,639	-3
Federal	2,798.0	2,854.0	2,846.0	2,827.0	2,798.0	2,844.0	2,844.0	2,827.0	-17.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,194.1	2,249.7	2,243.0	2,223.8	2,193.3	2,236.9	2,238.0	2,221.0	-17.0
U.S. Postal Service	604.0	604.7	603.3	603.3	604.9	607.1	606.2	606.0	-0.2
State government	5,350.0	4,925.0	5,248.0	5,349.0	5,197.0	5,191.0	5,186.0	5,189.0	3.0
State government education	2,661.4	2,200.7	2,536.4	2,638.9	2,501.8	2,484.7	2,475.7	2,473.9	-1.8
State government, excluding education	2,688.5	2,724.1	2,711.6	2,709.7	2,695.2	2,706.4	2,709.9	2,714.7	4.8
Local government	14,704.0	13,873.0	14,536.0	14,845.0	14,491.0	14,594.0	14,612.0	14,623.0	11.0
Local government education	8,224.8	7,128.8	7,972.7	8,316.3	7,969.5	8,032.3	8,040.0	8,049.7	9.7
Local government, excluding education	6,478.9	6,744.2	6,563.2	6,528.8	6,521.0	6,561.6	6,571.8	6,573.7	1.9
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.5	34.4	34.4	34.4
Goods-producing	40.3	40.3	40.5	40.2
Mining and logging	46.1	46.3	46.3	46.4
Construction	38.8	39.4	39.8	39.3
Manufacturing	40.8	40.5	40.5	40.3
Durable goods	41.2	41.0	40.9	40.8
Nondurable goods	40.1	39.7	39.8	39.6
Private service-providing	33.3	33.2	33.2	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.4	34.1	34.2	34.2
Wholesale trade	38.9	38.9	38.9	38.9
Retail trade	30.8	30.6	30.7	30.6
Transportation and warehousing	39.0	38.3	38.5	38.6
Utilities	42.1	42.3	42.1	42.1
Information	36.2	36.4	36.5	36.4
Financial activities	37.8	37.7	37.5	37.6
Professional and business services	36.2	36.2	36.1	36.2
Education and health services	32.9	33.0	33.0	33.0
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	25.9	25.8	25.8
Other services	31.9	31.8	31.8	31.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.2
Durable goods	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.2
Nondurable goods	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)
Total private	$27.35	$28.11	$28.12	$28.18	$943.58	$966.98	$967.33	$969.39
Goods-producing	28.43	29.14	29.21	29.28	1,145.73	1,174.34	1,183.01	1,177.06
Mining and logging	32.72	34.30	34.58	35.03	1,508.39	1,588.09	1,601.05	1,625.39
Construction	30.23	30.84	30.84	30.95	1,172.92	1,215.10	1,227.43	1,216.34
Manufacturing	27.16	27.83	27.91	27.94	1,108.13	1,127.12	1,130.36	1,125.98
Durable goods	28.57	29.27	29.38	29.40	1,177.08	1,200.07	1,201.64	1,199.52
Nondurable goods	24.73	25.33	25.37	25.44	991.67	1,005.60	1,009.73	1,007.42
Private service-providing	27.10	27.87	27.86	27.92	902.43	925.28	924.95	926.94
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23.58	24.40	24.38	24.42	811.15	832.04	833.80	835.16
Wholesale trade	30.73	31.72	31.60	31.68	1,195.40	1,233.91	1,229.24	1,232.35
Retail trade	19.02	19.78	19.83	19.85	585.82	605.27	608.78	607.41
Transportation and warehousing	24.42	24.98	24.99	24.99	952.38	956.73	962.12	964.61
Utilities	40.97	42.02	41.83	41.62	1,724.84	1,777.45	1,761.04	1,752.20
Information	40.68	42.60	42.08	42.23	1,472.62	1,550.64	1,535.92	1,537.17
Financial activities	34.96	36.20	36.09	36.23	1,321.49	1,364.74	1,353.38	1,362.25
Professional and business services	32.89	33.82	33.88	34.00	1,190.62	1,224.28	1,223.07	1,230.80
Education and health services	27.22	27.64	27.65	27.67	895.54	912.12	912.45	913.11
Leisure and hospitality	16.14	16.61	16.67	16.69	421.25	430.20	430.09	430.60
Other services	24.74	25.07	25.09	25.18	789.21	797.23	797.86	800.72
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Sept. 2019 - Oct. 2019(p)	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Sept. 2019 - Oct. 2019(p)
Total private	110.3	111.4	111.5	111.6	0.1	144.2	149.7	149.9	150.4	0.3
Goods-producing	95.9	96.9	97.4	96.6	-0.8	123.3	127.6	128.6	127.8	-0.6
Mining and logging	108.8	108.5	108.7	108.9	0.2	142.9	149.5	150.9	153.2	1.5
Construction	98.7	101.9	103.1	102.0	-1.1	129.6	136.6	138.2	137.1	-0.8
Manufacturing	93.7	93.6	93.6	92.9	-0.7	118.3	121.2	121.5	120.7	-0.7
Durable goods	92.9	93.1	92.8	92.1	-0.8	117.8	121.0	121.1	120.3	-0.7
Nondurable goods	95.2	94.8	95.1	94.7	-0.4	119.5	121.9	122.4	122.2	-0.2
Private service-providing	114.1	115.3	115.4	115.6	0.2	150.2	156.1	156.3	156.8	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	104.0	103.4	103.8	103.9	0.1	132.1	136.0	136.4	136.7	0.2
Wholesale trade	100.9	102.0	102.1	102.3	0.2	129.6	135.3	134.9	135.5	0.4
Retail trade	98.8	97.9	98.3	98.0	-0.3	124.2	128.0	128.8	128.6	-0.2
Transportation and warehousing	122.3	121.6	122.4	122.9	0.4	151.6	154.1	155.1	155.8	0.5
Utilities	101.0	101.2	100.5	100.2	-0.3	136.7	140.5	138.9	137.8	-0.8
Information	93.6	93.8	94.2	93.8	-0.4	135.6	142.3	141.1	141.1	0.0
Financial activities	106.6	107.4	106.9	107.4	0.5	145.4	151.6	150.5	151.7	0.8
Professional and business services	120.2	122.2	122.1	122.5	0.3	160.1	167.3	167.4	168.7	0.8
Education and health services	127.9	131.3	131.5	131.8	0.2	167.5	174.6	175.0	175.4	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	122.5	123.7	123.5	124.0	0.4	159.5	165.8	166.2	167.0	0.5
Other services	107.9	109.1	109.1	109.0	-0.1	146.3	149.9	150.0	150.5	0.3
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)
Total nonfarm	74,480	75,668	75,818	75,891	49.7	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private	61,514	62,600	62,744	62,818	48.3	48.5	48.6	48.6
Goods-producing	4,637	4,724	4,733	4,732	22.2	22.4	22.4	22.4
Mining and logging	94	100	102	101	12.5	13.4	13.7	13.5
Construction	950	977	976	980	12.9	13.0	13.0	13.0
Manufacturing	3,593	3,647	3,655	3,651	28.2	28.4	28.5	28.5
Durable goods	1,907	1,942	1,942	1,936	23.8	24.1	24.1	24.1
Nondurable goods	1,686	1,705	1,713	1,715	35.4	35.6	35.8	35.8
Private service-providing	56,877	57,876	58,011	58,086	53.4	53.6	53.7	53.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,104	11,151	11,166	11,168	40.1	40.1	40.1	40.1
Wholesale trade	1,760.1	1,787.5	1,795.9	1,792.0	29.9	30.1	30.2	30.1
Retail trade	7,842.5	7,809.2	7,812.7	7,813.0	49.7	49.6	49.6	49.5
Transportation and warehousing	1,371.6	1,421.1	1,425.5	1,430.7	25.0	25.6	25.6	25.7
Utilities	129.3	132.8	132.3	132.2	23.3	24.0	24.0	24.0
Information	1,117	1,130	1,128	1,127	39.4	40.0	39.9	39.9
Financial activities	4,871	4,903	4,909	4,911	56.6	56.4	56.4	56.3
Professional and business services	9,620	9,809	9,849	9,844	45.4	45.6	45.7	45.6
Education and health services	18,375	18,827	18,869	18,911	77.2	77.3	77.3	77.3
Leisure and hospitality	8,666	8,878	8,917	8,953	52.7	53.0	53.1	53.2
Other services	3,124	3,178	3,173	3,172	53.2	53.4	53.3	53.3
Government	12,966	13,068	13,074	13,073	57.7	57.7	57.7	57.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)
Total private	104,921	106,176	106,277	106,351
Goods-producing	14,998	15,104	15,103	15,076
Mining and logging	562	544	541	544
Construction	5,492	5,592	5,601	5,607
Manufacturing	8,944	8,968	8,961	8,925
Durable goods	5,507	5,550	5,537	5,495
Nondurable goods	3,437	3,418	3,424	3,430
Private service-providing	89,923	91,072	91,174	91,275
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,445	23,524	23,539	23,536
Wholesale trade	4,716.1	4,768.0	4,770.5	4,769.7
Retail trade	13,487.9	13,448.6	13,461.6	13,464.3
Transportation and warehousing	4,795.7	4,863.7	4,864.0	4,861.6
Utilities	445.2	443.7	442.9	440.7
Information	2,282	2,277	2,276	2,268
Financial activities	6,669	6,726	6,729	6,742
Professional and business services	17,294	17,504	17,528	17,555
Education and health services	20,914	21,401	21,441	21,474
Leisure and hospitality	14,459	14,717	14,742	14,783
Other services	4,860	4,923	4,919	4,917
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.6	33.6	33.6
Goods-producing	41.2	41.1	41.2	41.0
Mining and logging	46.4	47.4	47.3	48.0
Construction	39.4	39.9	40.2	39.7
Manufacturing	42.1	41.5	41.5	41.4
Durable goods	42.5	41.9	41.9	41.7
Nondurable goods	41.4	40.9	40.9	40.9
Private service-providing	32.5	32.4	32.3	32.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	33.8	33.8	33.8
Wholesale trade	38.8	38.7	38.7	38.7
Retail trade	30.4	30.3	30.3	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	38.3	37.9	37.9	38.0
Utilities	42.6	42.7	42.2	42.7
Information	35.5	35.2	35.5	35.2
Financial activities	37.1	36.8	36.9	36.9
Professional and business services	35.4	35.6	35.4	35.4
Education and health services	32.2	32.2	32.1	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	24.8	24.6	24.6	24.6
Other services	30.9	30.8	30.7	30.7
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.5	4.2	4.2	4.2
Durable goods	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.2
Nondurable goods	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.2
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)
Total private	$22.90	$23.60	$23.66	$23.70	$771.73	$792.96	$794.98	$796.32
Goods-producing	24.21	24.83	24.89	24.94	997.45	1,020.51	1,025.47	1,022.54
Mining and logging	28.79	30.25	30.64	31.24	1,335.86	1,433.85	1,449.27	1,499.52
Construction	28.05	28.55	28.58	28.62	1,105.17	1,139.15	1,148.92	1,136.21
Manufacturing	21.69	22.22	22.27	22.28	913.15	922.13	924.21	922.39
Durable goods	22.63	23.11	23.20	23.21	961.78	968.31	972.08	967.86
Nondurable goods	20.13	20.75	20.73	20.76	833.38	848.68	847.86	849.08
Private service-providing	22.62	23.35	23.39	23.44	735.15	756.54	755.50	757.11
Trade, transportation, and utilities	20.10	20.79	20.77	20.79	681.39	702.70	702.03	702.70
Wholesale trade	25.50	26.34	26.29	26.41	989.40	1,019.36	1,017.42	1,022.07
Retail trade	16.06	16.71	16.73	16.73	488.22	506.31	506.92	506.92
Transportation and warehousing	21.99	22.59	22.56	22.50	842.22	856.16	855.02	855.00
Utilities	36.98	37.00	36.95	36.81	1,575.35	1,579.90	1,559.29	1,571.79
Information	32.37	34.01	34.32	34.37	1,149.14	1,197.15	1,218.36	1,209.82
Financial activities	26.94	27.83	27.85	27.93	999.47	1,024.14	1,027.67	1,030.62
Professional and business services	27.00	27.94	28.01	28.14	955.80	994.66	991.55	996.16
Education and health services	23.79	24.38	24.46	24.50	766.04	785.04	785.17	788.90
Leisure and hospitality	14.04	14.54	14.62	14.65	348.19	357.68	359.65	360.39
Other services	20.95	21.27	21.28	21.29	647.36	655.12	653.30	653.60
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Sept. 2019 - Oct. 2019(p)	Oct. 2018	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019(p)	Oct. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Sept. 2019 - Oct. 2019(p)
Total private	117.8	118.9	119.0	119.1	0.1	180.3	187.5	188.1	188.6	0.3
Goods-producing	94.4	94.9	95.1	94.5	-0.6	140.0	144.2	144.9	144.2	-0.5
Mining and logging	138.6	137.0	136.0	138.8	2.1	232.0	241.1	242.3	252.1	4.0
Construction	108.3	111.7	112.7	111.5	-1.1	164.1	172.2	174.0	172.2	-1.0
Manufacturing	86.4	85.4	85.4	84.8	-0.7	122.6	124.1	124.3	123.6	-0.6
Durable goods	87.9	87.4	87.2	86.1	-1.3	124.2	126.0	126.2	124.7	-1.2
Nondurable goods	83.8	82.4	82.5	82.7	0.2	119.3	120.8	120.9	121.3	0.3
Private service-providing	124.5	125.7	125.4	125.6	0.2	193.1	201.2	201.2	201.8	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	111.0	111.0	111.1	111.1	0.0	159.3	164.8	164.7	164.9	0.1
Wholesale trade	108.6	109.5	109.6	109.6	0.0	163.5	170.3	170.0	170.8	0.5
Retail trade	103.8	103.1	103.2	103.2	0.0	142.8	147.7	148.0	148.0	0.0
Transportation and warehousing	138.2	138.6	138.7	139.0	0.2	192.7	198.6	198.4	198.3	-0.1
Utilities	97.0	96.9	95.6	96.2	0.6	149.7	149.6	147.4	147.9	0.3
Information	92.5	91.5	92.2	91.1	-1.2	148.2	154.0	156.7	155.0	-1.1
Financial activities	116.5	116.5	116.9	117.1	0.2	193.0	199.5	200.3	201.2	0.4
Professional and business services	136.9	139.3	138.7	138.9	0.1	219.8	231.5	231.1	232.5	0.6
Education and health services	143.6	146.9	146.7	147.4	0.5	225.5	236.4	236.9	238.4	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	131.3	132.6	132.8	133.2	0.3	209.4	219.0	220.6	221.6	0.5
Other services	105.3	106.3	105.9	105.9	0.0	160.8	164.8	164.2	164.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.