State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, August 16, 2023	USDL-23-1791
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			    STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JUNE 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 4 states and increased in 2 states on the last business day of June, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 7 states and increased in 1 state. 
Total separations rates decreased in 11 states and increased in 1 state. Nationally, the job openings, 
hires, and total separations rates showed little or no change in June. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In June, job openings rates decreased in 4 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 44 
states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in job openings rates occurred in North Carolina  
(-0.8 percentage point), as well as in Illinois, Iowa, and Kentucky (-0.6 point each). The increases 
occurred in California and New Jersey (+0.6 point each). Over the month, the national job openings rate 
was unchanged. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 6 states, increased in 4 states, and was little changed in 40 
states and the District of Columbia in June. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in 
Illinois (-45,000), North Carolina (-44,000), and Wisconsin (-18,000). The largest increases occurred in 
California (+127,000), New Jersey (+29,000), and Connecticut (+9,000). Nationally, the number of job 
openings changed little over the month. (See table 1.)

Hires

In June, hires rates decreased in 7 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 42 states and 
the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in the hires rates occurred in Washington  
(-1.1 percentage points), Alaska (-1.0 point), and Indiana (-0.9 point). The increase occurred in 
California (+0.4 point). The national hires rate was little changed over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires decreased in 8 states and was little changed in 42 states and the District of 
Columbia in June. The largest decreases in the hires level occurred in Washington (-38,000), Indiana  
(-30,000), and Arizona (-25,000). Nationally, the number of hires decreased over the month (-326,000). 
(See table 2.)

Total Separations

In June, total separations rates decreased in 11 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 
38 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in total separations rates occurred in 
Delaware (-1.3 percentage points), as well as in Maine and Mississippi (-1.1 points each). The increase 
occurred in Kansas (+0.9 point). Over the month, the national total separations rate was little changed. 
(See table 3.)

The number of total separations decreased in 13 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 
36 states and the District of Columbia in June. The largest decreases occurred in Georgia (-42,000), New 
York (-40,000), and Tennessee (-27,000). The increase in the total separations level occurred in Kansas 
(+12,000). Nationally, the number of total separations decreased (-288,000). (See table 3.)
 
Quits

In June, quits rates decreased in 16 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 33 states and 
the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Maine (-1.2 percentage points) 
and Delaware (-1.0 point), as well as in Alabama and Vermont (-0.9 point each). The increase occurred 
in Kansas (+0.5 point). Over the month, the national quits rate decreased (-0.2 point). (See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 19 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 30 states and 
the District of Columbia in June. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in New York  
(-58,000) and Tennessee (-24,000), as well as in Georgia and North Carolina (-22,000). The increase 
occurred in Kansas (+7,000). Nationally, the number of quits decreased (-295,000). (See table 4.)
 
Layoffs and Discharges 

In June, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 2 states and were little changed in 48 states and the 
District of Columbia. The decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Mississippi  
(-0.6 percentage point) and Georgia (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges 
rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 2 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed 
in 47 states and the District of Columbia in June. The decreases in the layoffs and discharges levels 
occurred in Georgia (-22,000) and Mississippi (-7,000). The increase occurred in Arizona (+11,000). 
Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  	

______________
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for July 2023 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, September 19, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component of the Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	June 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023(p)	Change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)	June 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023(p)	Change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	10,961	9,745	10,320	9,616	9,582	-34	6.7	5.9	6.2	5.8	5.8	0.0
Alabama	156	131	145	137	140	3	6.9	5.8	6.3	6.0	6.1	0.1
Alaska	30	26	28	27	28	1	8.6	7.4	7.9	7.7	7.9	0.2
Arizona	223	206	240	200	193	-7	6.7	6.1	7.1	6.0	5.8	-0.2
Arkansas	104	97	101	99	95	-4	7.3	6.7	6.9	6.8	6.5	-0.3
California	1,208	895	1,043	912	1,039	127	6.4	4.7	5.5	4.8	5.4	0.6
Colorado	224	214	259	188	190	2	7.2	6.9	8.2	6.1	6.1	0.0
Connecticut	112	100	97	82	91	9	6.3	5.6	5.4	4.6	5.1	0.5
Delaware	34	36	37	35	34	-1	6.7	6.9	7.1	6.7	6.5	-0.2
District of Columbia	42	46	40	44	44	0	5.2	5.6	4.9	5.4	5.4	0.0
Florida	627	662	669	623	643	20	6.2	6.4	6.4	6.0	6.2	0.2
Georgia	457	383	385	371	372	1	8.7	7.3	7.3	7.0	7.0	0.0
Hawaii	37	33	38	33	33	0	5.7	5.0	5.7	5.0	5.0	0.0
Idaho	63	55	57	55	55	0	7.1	6.1	6.3	6.1	6.1	0.0
Illinois	435	401	423	422	377	-45	6.7	6.2	6.5	6.4	5.8	-0.6
Indiana	207	175	193	185	172	-13	6.1	5.1	5.6	5.4	5.0	-0.4
Iowa	113	94	107	102	91	-11	6.7	5.6	6.3	6.0	5.4	-0.6
Kansas	102	84	97	90	84	-6	6.7	5.5	6.3	5.9	5.5	-0.4
Kentucky	159	138	145	144	130	-14	7.5	6.4	6.8	6.7	6.1	-0.6
Louisiana	152	143	148	156	157	1	7.4	6.8	7.0	7.4	7.4	0.0
Maine	48	49	44	42	37	-5	7.0	7.1	6.4	6.1	5.4	-0.7
Maryland	204	200	206	204	200	-4	7.0	6.8	7.0	6.9	6.8	-0.1
Massachusetts	287	282	298	254	243	-11	7.3	7.0	7.3	6.3	6.1	-0.2
Michigan	293	250	296	247	237	-10	6.3	5.4	6.3	5.3	5.1	-0.2
Minnesota	212	180	206	208	197	-11	6.8	5.7	6.5	6.5	6.2	-0.3
Mississippi	86	84	91	87	88	1	6.9	6.7	7.2	6.9	7.0	0.1
Missouri	206	187	190	173	163	-10	6.6	5.9	6.0	5.5	5.2	-0.3
Montana	46	37	41	36	37	1	8.3	6.7	7.3	6.5	6.7	0.2
Nebraska	73	57	69	63	62	-1	6.7	5.2	6.2	5.7	5.6	-0.1
Nevada	97	100	113	104	99	-5	6.1	6.1	6.8	6.3	6.0	-0.3
New Hampshire	50	49	47	40	45	5	6.8	6.5	6.3	5.4	6.1	0.7
New Jersey	267	240	232	194	223	29	5.9	5.3	5.1	4.3	4.9	0.6
New Mexico	63	61	71	65	64	-1	7.0	6.6	7.6	7.0	6.8	-0.2
New York	541	430	460	434	460	26	5.4	4.2	4.5	4.3	4.5	0.2
North Carolina	365	372	379	407	363	-44	7.1	7.1	7.2	7.7	6.9	-0.8
North Dakota	33	29	29	30	28	-2	7.2	6.3	6.3	6.5	6.0	-0.5
Ohio	429	347	393	372	362	-10	7.2	5.8	6.5	6.2	6.0	-0.2
Oklahoma	130	119	128	128	122	-6	7.1	6.5	6.9	6.9	6.6	-0.3
Oregon	125	120	126	117	112	-5	6.1	5.7	6.0	5.5	5.3	-0.2
Pennsylvania	447	420	399	345	360	15	7.0	6.4	6.1	5.3	5.5	0.2
Rhode Island	39	33	33	27	30	3	7.3	6.2	6.2	5.2	5.7	0.5
South Carolina	166	182	172	177	175	-2	6.9	7.4	7.0	7.2	7.1	-0.1
South Dakota	34	29	31	31	29	-2	7.0	5.9	6.3	6.3	5.9	-0.4
Tennessee	243	244	252	237	233	-4	7.0	6.9	7.1	6.7	6.5	-0.2
Texas	1,028	821	819	824	799	-25	7.1	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.4	-0.2
Utah	107	105	113	105	103	-2	6.0	5.8	6.2	5.7	5.6	-0.1
Vermont	23	20	21	18	19	1	7.0	6.1	6.4	5.5	5.9	0.4
Virginia	325	328	315	305	309	4	7.4	7.3	7.1	6.9	6.9	0.0
Washington	202	187	213	180	173	-7	5.4	4.9	5.6	4.7	4.5	-0.2
West Virginia	58	54	55	56	56	0	7.7	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.4	0.0
Wisconsin	220	188	205	183	165	-18	6.9	5.9	6.4	5.7	5.2	-0.5
Wyoming	22	20	22	19	20	1	7.2	6.5	7.1	6.1	6.4	0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	June 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023(p)	Change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)	June 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023(p)	Change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,448	6,066	6,101	6,231	5,905	-326	4.2	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.8	-0.2
Alabama	102	90	93	107	94	-13	4.8	4.2	4.3	5.0	4.4	-0.6
Alaska	21	20	18	21	18	-3	6.6	6.2	5.5	6.5	5.5	-1.0
Arizona	156	147	148	147	122	-25	5.0	4.7	4.7	4.7	3.9	-0.8
Arkansas	67	59	61	66	64	-2	5.0	4.4	4.5	4.8	4.7	-0.1
California	657	579	539	532	596	64	3.7	3.2	3.0	2.9	3.3	0.4
Colorado	128	117	128	119	105	-14	4.5	4.0	4.4	4.1	3.6	-0.5
Connecticut	66	59	59	58	52	-6	4.0	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Delaware	23	24	24	24	23	-1	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.7	-0.2
District of Columbia	24	27	24	28	25	-3	3.1	3.5	3.1	3.6	3.2	-0.4
Florida	440	383	404	402	385	-17	4.7	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Georgia	284	235	230	221	220	-1	5.9	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.5	0.0
Hawaii	22	23	21	21	20	-1	3.6	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.2	-0.1
Idaho	39	42	41	42	36	-6	4.7	5.0	4.8	4.9	4.2	-0.7
Illinois	235	241	248	267	246	-21	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.4	4.0	-0.4
Indiana	141	131	151	153	123	-30	4.4	4.0	4.6	4.7	3.8	-0.9
Iowa	65	57	60	63	59	-4	4.1	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Kansas	53	51	59	59	54	-5	3.8	3.5	4.1	4.1	3.7	-0.4
Kentucky	91	93	84	92	85	-7	4.7	4.6	4.2	4.6	4.2	-0.4
Louisiana	93	95	85	105	114	9	4.9	4.9	4.3	5.4	5.8	0.4
Maine	26	28	25	25	25	0	4.1	4.3	3.9	3.9	3.9	0.0
Maryland	115	116	107	113	107	-6	4.3	4.2	3.9	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Massachusetts	126	130	135	113	103	-10	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.0	2.7	-0.3
Michigan	181	164	153	167	156	-11	4.1	3.7	3.5	3.8	3.5	-0.3
Minnesota	116	111	117	121	99	-22	4.0	3.7	3.9	4.1	3.3	-0.8
Mississippi	61	48	52	56	56	0	5.2	4.1	4.4	4.8	4.8	0.0
Missouri	117	109	105	116	103	-13	4.0	3.7	3.5	3.9	3.4	-0.5
Montana	30	28	25	28	26	-2	5.9	5.4	4.8	5.4	5.0	-0.4
Nebraska	42	36	41	42	42	0	4.1	3.4	3.9	4.0	4.0	0.0
Nevada	65	72	67	64	62	-2	4.4	4.7	4.4	4.1	4.0	-0.1
New Hampshire	32	31	37	28	25	-3	4.7	4.4	5.3	4.0	3.6	-0.4
New Jersey	172	203	167	161	176	15	4.1	4.7	3.9	3.7	4.1	0.4
New Mexico	31	38	34	37	32	-5	3.7	4.4	3.9	4.3	3.7	-0.6
New York	288	297	281	277	278	1	3.0	3.1	2.9	2.9	2.9	0.0
North Carolina	227	180	213	222	200	-22	4.7	3.7	4.4	4.5	4.1	-0.4
North Dakota	21	18	17	21	19	-2	4.9	4.1	3.9	4.8	4.4	-0.4
Ohio	249	210	222	214	207	-7	4.5	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Oklahoma	86	79	79	80	77	-3	5.1	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.5	-0.1
Oregon	83	85	72	88	72	-16	4.3	4.3	3.6	4.4	3.6	-0.8
Pennsylvania	203	185	198	205	183	-22	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.0	-0.3
Rhode Island	24	23	25	21	19	-2	4.8	4.6	5.0	4.2	3.8	-0.4
South Carolina	106	99	110	114	111	-3	4.7	4.3	4.8	5.0	4.8	-0.2
South Dakota	22	19	19	20	20	0	4.9	4.1	4.1	4.3	4.4	0.1
Tennessee	170	149	160	172	150	-22	5.2	4.5	4.8	5.2	4.5	-0.7
Texas	612	599	624	619	588	-31	4.6	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.2	-0.2
Utah	71	71	70	73	66	-7	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.2	3.8	-0.4
Vermont	13	13	15	13	12	-1	4.3	4.2	4.8	4.2	4.0	-0.2
Virginia	163	178	169	174	178	4	4.0	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.3	0.1
Washington	129	124	129	149	111	-38	3.7	3.4	3.6	4.1	3.0	-1.1
West Virginia	34	36	32	34	33	-1	4.9	5.1	4.6	4.9	4.7	-0.2
Wisconsin	109	98	111	124	113	-11	3.7	3.3	3.7	4.1	3.8	-0.3
Wyoming	16	15	14	13	12	-1	5.7	5.2	4.8	4.5	4.1	-0.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	June 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023(p)	Change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)	June 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023(p)	Change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,991	5,994	5,660	5,925	5,637	-288	3.9	3.9	3.6	3.8	3.6	-0.2
Alabama	96	90	76	104	88	-16	4.6	4.2	3.5	4.8	4.1	-0.7
Alaska	18	19	26	17	15	-2	5.7	5.9	8.0	5.2	4.6	-0.6
Arizona	168	141	142	119	130	11	5.4	4.5	4.5	3.8	4.1	0.3
Arkansas	58	62	54	66	55	-11	4.4	4.6	4.0	4.8	4.0	-0.8
California	581	636	505	522	489	-33	3.3	3.5	2.8	2.9	2.7	-0.2
Colorado	115	134	116	106	104	-2	4.0	4.6	4.0	3.6	3.6	0.0
Connecticut	54	59	56	64	55	-9	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.8	3.3	-0.5
Delaware	24	24	21	30	24	-6	5.1	5.0	4.3	6.2	4.9	-1.3
District of Columbia	25	24	21	28	26	-2	3.3	3.1	2.7	3.6	3.3	-0.3
Florida	414	404	397	408	426	18	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.4	0.2
Georgia	317	219	192	247	205	-42	6.6	4.5	3.9	5.0	4.2	-0.8
Hawaii	21	22	19	20	18	-2	3.4	3.5	3.0	3.2	2.9	-0.3
Idaho	36	39	44	36	32	-4	4.4	4.6	5.2	4.2	3.8	-0.4
Illinois	215	227	243	210	224	14	3.6	3.7	4.0	3.4	3.6	0.2
Indiana	116	133	145	132	130	-2	3.6	4.1	4.5	4.0	4.0	0.0
Iowa	54	59	69	57	59	2	3.4	3.7	4.3	3.6	3.7	0.1
Kansas	54	58	65	54	66	12	3.8	4.0	4.5	3.7	4.6	0.9
Kentucky	88	92	89	99	85	-14	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.9	4.2	-0.7
Louisiana	90	103	82	107	94	-13	4.7	5.3	4.2	5.5	4.8	-0.7
Maine	27	29	22	29	22	-7	4.2	4.5	3.4	4.5	3.4	-1.1
Maryland	97	131	110	117	98	-19	3.6	4.8	4.0	4.3	3.6	-0.7
Massachusetts	145	119	114	104	101	-3	4.0	3.2	3.0	2.8	2.7	-0.1
Michigan	148	153	148	164	153	-11	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.7	3.4	-0.3
Minnesota	107	106	102	101	113	12	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.8	0.4
Mississippi	57	52	52	63	51	-12	4.9	4.4	4.4	5.4	4.3	-1.1
Missouri	123	108	112	107	99	-8	4.2	3.6	3.8	3.6	3.3	-0.3
Montana	29	30	29	27	26	-1	5.7	5.8	5.6	5.2	5.0	-0.2
Nebraska	33	38	43	38	37	-1	3.2	3.6	4.1	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Nevada	67	68	66	65	61	-4	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.2	3.9	-0.3
New Hampshire	27	35	25	30	31	1	3.9	5.0	3.6	4.3	4.4	0.1
New Jersey	137	158	150	125	126	1	3.2	3.7	3.5	2.9	2.9	0.0
New Mexico	38	36	35	33	33	0	4.5	4.2	4.0	3.8	3.8	0.0
New York	261	262	231	283	243	-40	2.7	2.7	2.4	2.9	2.5	-0.4
North Carolina	228	190	197	217	198	-19	4.8	3.9	4.0	4.4	4.0	-0.4
North Dakota	17	18	22	16	19	3	4.0	4.1	5.1	3.7	4.4	0.7
Ohio	229	195	229	211	209	-2	4.1	3.5	4.1	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Oklahoma	83	71	67	75	75	0	4.9	4.1	3.9	4.3	4.3	0.0
Oregon	74	82	81	79	66	-13	3.8	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.3	-0.7
Pennsylvania	175	189	176	193	199	6	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.2	3.2	0.0
Rhode Island	19	22	20	21	18	-3	3.8	4.4	4.0	4.2	3.6	-0.6
South Carolina	101	103	91	104	97	-7	4.5	4.5	4.0	4.5	4.2	-0.3
South Dakota	16	19	23	18	19	1	3.5	4.1	5.0	3.9	4.1	0.2
Tennessee	158	158	133	166	139	-27	4.9	4.8	4.0	5.0	4.2	-0.8
Texas	550	520	476	554	572	18	4.1	3.8	3.4	4.0	4.1	0.1
Utah	64	68	70	79	66	-13	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.6	3.8	-0.8
Vermont	12	15	11	14	12	-2	4.0	4.9	3.6	4.6	4.0	-0.6
Virginia	143	177	173	184	171	-13	3.5	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.1	-0.3
Washington	122	139	131	120	105	-15	3.5	3.8	3.6	3.3	2.9	-0.4
West Virginia	37	34	34	35	37	2	5.3	4.9	4.9	5.0	5.3	0.3
Wisconsin	108	107	112	110	104	-6	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Wyoming	15	15	16	15	14	-1	5.3	5.2	5.5	5.2	4.8	-0.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	June 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023(p)	Change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)	June 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023(p)	Change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,161	3,842	3,765	4,067	3,772	-295	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.4	-0.2
Alabama	68	63	55	81	62	-19	3.2	2.9	2.6	3.8	2.9	-0.9
Alaska	12	11	11	11	10	-1	3.8	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.0	-0.4
Arizona	129	95	103	90	93	3	4.2	3.0	3.3	2.9	2.9	0.0
Arkansas	42	42	37	48	38	-10	3.2	3.1	2.7	3.5	2.8	-0.7
California	385	359	341	341	327	-14	2.2	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.8	-0.1
Colorado	76	77	77	72	70	-2	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.4	-0.1
Connecticut	38	34	35	42	33	-9	2.3	2.0	2.1	2.5	2.0	-0.5
Delaware	17	16	15	21	16	-5	3.6	3.3	3.1	4.3	3.3	-1.0
District of Columbia	18	16	14	20	18	-2	2.4	2.1	1.8	2.6	2.3	-0.3
Florida	300	279	290	293	297	4	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.1	0.1
Georgia	237	151	142	164	142	-22	4.9	3.1	2.9	3.3	2.9	-0.4
Hawaii	15	14	12	13	12	-1	2.4	2.2	1.9	2.1	1.9	-0.2
Idaho	24	25	27	25	21	-4	2.9	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.5	-0.4
Illinois	140	135	144	136	151	15	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.5	0.3
Indiana	83	88	94	90	92	2	2.6	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.8	0.0
Iowa	40	37	45	35	37	2	2.5	2.3	2.8	2.2	2.3	0.1
Kansas	36	37	36	37	44	7	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.6	3.1	0.5
Kentucky	65	65	65	73	57	-16	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.6	2.8	-0.8
Louisiana	62	70	57	73	63	-10	3.2	3.6	2.9	3.7	3.2	-0.5
Maine	18	16	15	20	12	-8	2.8	2.5	2.3	3.1	1.9	-1.2
Maryland	71	86	75	80	66	-14	2.6	3.1	2.7	2.9	2.4	-0.5
Massachusetts	72	63	71	63	56	-7	2.0	1.7	1.9	1.7	1.5	-0.2
Michigan	102	94	89	103	105	2	2.3	2.1	2.0	2.3	2.4	0.1
Minnesota	76	68	68	70	75	5	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.5	0.2
Mississippi	41	35	37	42	36	-6	3.5	3.0	3.1	3.6	3.1	-0.5
Missouri	78	72	73	75	65	-10	2.7	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Montana	19	17	18	19	17	-2	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.3	-0.4
Nebraska	23	23	26	24	24	0	2.2	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.3	0.0
Nevada	44	43	45	45	41	-4	3.0	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.6	-0.3
New Hampshire	18	21	15	17	19	2	2.6	3.0	2.1	2.4	2.7	0.3
New Jersey	91	91	92	76	67	-9	2.1	2.1	2.1	1.8	1.5	-0.3
New Mexico	26	22	22	23	22	-1	3.1	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.5	-0.2
New York	175	164	140	187	129	-58	1.8	1.7	1.4	1.9	1.3	-0.6
North Carolina	168	123	138	155	133	-22	3.5	2.5	2.8	3.2	2.7	-0.5
North Dakota	11	10	13	12	13	1	2.6	2.3	3.0	2.8	3.0	0.2
Ohio	136	133	126	141	140	-1	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.5	2.5	0.0
Oklahoma	63	48	48	53	52	-1	3.7	2.8	2.8	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Oregon	53	51	52	53	42	-11	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.1	-0.6
Pennsylvania	119	118	121	123	120	-3	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.0
Rhode Island	12	13	13	13	10	-3	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.0	-0.6
South Carolina	74	73	66	76	70	-6	3.3	3.2	2.9	3.3	3.0	-0.3
South Dakota	11	12	13	12	13	1	2.4	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.8	0.2
Tennessee	113	99	98	122	98	-24	3.5	3.0	3.0	3.7	2.9	-0.8
Texas	409	376	339	415	428	13	3.1	2.7	2.4	3.0	3.1	0.1
Utah	43	44	48	54	40	-14	2.6	2.6	2.8	3.1	2.3	-0.8
Vermont	8	8	7	9	6	-3	2.6	2.6	2.3	2.9	2.0	-0.9
Virginia	104	120	107	134	117	-17	2.6	2.9	2.6	3.2	2.8	-0.4
Washington	86	84	87	81	65	-16	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.2	1.8	-0.4
West Virginia	27	24	23	24	25	1	3.9	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.6	0.2
Wisconsin	72	67	69	73	72	-1	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.4	0.0
Wyoming	10	9	10	10	9	-1	3.5	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	June 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023(p)	Change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)	June 2022	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023(p)	Change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,477	1,845	1,590	1,546	1,527	-19	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
Alabama	22	22	17	20	21	1	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.1
Alaska	5	6	12	4	5	1	1.6	1.8	3.7	1.2	1.5	0.3
Arizona	32	36	34	22	33	11	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.7	1.0	0.3
Arkansas	13	16	14	15	15	0	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
California	158	249	136	150	134	-16	0.9	1.4	0.8	0.8	0.7	-0.1
Colorado	29	45	33	29	30	1	1.0	1.6	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Connecticut	13	22	15	17	16	-1	0.8	1.3	0.9	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Delaware	6	7	5	7	7	0	1.3	1.4	1.0	1.4	1.4	0.0
District of Columbia	5	6	5	6	6	0	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.0
Florida	82	107	89	99	108	9	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.1
Georgia	59	57	42	73	51	-22	1.2	1.2	0.9	1.5	1.0	-0.5
Hawaii	5	7	5	6	6	0	0.8	1.1	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.0
Idaho	10	11	14	10	10	0	1.2	1.3	1.7	1.2	1.2	0.0
Illinois	66	86	84	64	61	-3	1.1	1.4	1.4	1.0	1.0	0.0
Indiana	26	39	45	34	31	-3	0.8	1.2	1.4	1.0	1.0	0.0
Iowa	12	18	21	18	19	1	0.8	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.2	0.1
Kansas	15	17	25	14	18	4	1.1	1.2	1.7	1.0	1.2	0.2
Kentucky	17	22	20	21	24	3	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.2
Louisiana	22	29	22	25	26	1	1.2	1.5	1.1	1.3	1.3	0.0
Maine	8	11	6	7	7	0	1.3	1.7	0.9	1.1	1.1	0.0
Maryland	17	37	28	31	27	-4	0.6	1.4	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Massachusetts	66	52	34	31	34	3	1.8	1.4	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.1
Michigan	39	53	53	52	39	-13	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.9	-0.3
Minnesota	26	32	30	25	32	7	0.9	1.1	1.0	0.8	1.1	0.3
Mississippi	12	13	12	19	12	-7	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.6	1.0	-0.6
Missouri	40	29	34	24	27	3	1.4	1.0	1.1	0.8	0.9	0.1
Montana	8	10	8	7	8	1	1.6	1.9	1.5	1.4	1.5	0.1
Nebraska	8	12	15	12	10	-2	0.8	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Nevada	20	22	18	17	17	0	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.0
New Hampshire	8	13	7	11	9	-2	1.2	1.9	1.0	1.6	1.3	-0.3
New Jersey	39	61	49	37	46	9	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.2
New Mexico	9	11	9	8	9	1	1.1	1.3	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.1
New York	75	83	78	84	89	5	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.0
North Carolina	49	56	50	51	46	-5	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.9	-0.1
North Dakota	5	6	8	4	5	1	1.2	1.4	1.8	0.9	1.1	0.2
Ohio	78	50	85	57	59	2	1.4	0.9	1.5	1.0	1.0	0.0
Oklahoma	16	20	15	19	19	0	0.9	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.1	0.0
Oregon	17	26	24	21	21	0	0.9	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.0
Pennsylvania	48	66	45	58	54	-4	0.8	1.1	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.0
Rhode Island	6	8	6	7	6	-1	1.2	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.2	-0.2
South Carolina	21	25	21	22	22	0	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.0
South Dakota	4	5	9	5	5	0	0.9	1.1	2.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
Tennessee	38	53	28	38	34	-4	1.2	1.6	0.8	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Texas	105	127	114	119	124	5	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.0
Utah	17	19	18	21	24	3	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.4	0.2
Vermont	3	7	3	4	3	-1	1.0	2.3	1.0	1.3	1.0	-0.3
Virginia	28	48	59	43	46	3	0.7	1.2	1.4	1.0	1.1	0.1
Washington	31	46	35	31	35	4	0.9	1.3	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.1
West Virginia	8	8	9	9	9	0	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.3	0.0
Wisconsin	30	31	38	32	26	-6	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Wyoming	4	5	5	5	5	0	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	10,812	9,352	9,289	6.6	5.6	5.6
Alabama	153	133	136	6.8	5.8	5.9
Alaska	42	37	40	11.2	10.2	10.4
Arizona	202	176	162	6.2	5.3	5.0
Arkansas	100	96	91	7.0	6.5	6.2
California	1,194	884	1,045	6.3	4.7	5.5
Colorado	230	179	190	7.4	5.8	6.1
Connecticut	110	88	85	6.1	4.9	4.8
Delaware	37	33	34	7.2	6.4	6.5
District of Columbia	44	40	45	5.5	5.0	5.5
Florida	617	610	631	6.2	5.9	6.1
Georgia	431	353	348	8.3	6.7	6.6
Hawaii	35	26	30	5.4	4.0	4.5
Idaho	64	56	56	7.1	6.2	6.1
Illinois	449	422	379	6.9	6.4	5.8
Indiana	200	182	163	5.9	5.3	4.8
Iowa	110	99	86	6.5	5.8	5.1
Kansas	96	82	77	6.4	5.4	5.0
Kentucky	154	137	121	7.3	6.4	5.7
Louisiana	141	146	147	6.9	6.9	7.0
Maine	52	48	40	7.4	6.9	5.7
Maryland	197	191	190	6.8	6.5	6.4
Massachusetts	294	261	240	7.3	6.5	5.9
Michigan	292	251	222	6.2	5.3	4.7
Minnesota	201	216	182	6.4	6.7	5.7
Mississippi	80	83	81	6.5	6.6	6.5
Missouri	201	164	154	6.4	5.2	4.9
Montana	52	38	42	9.2	6.9	7.3
Nebraska	68	60	55	6.2	5.4	5.0
Nevada	93	100	93	5.9	6.1	5.6
New Hampshire	52	40	45	7.0	5.4	6.0
New Jersey	270	182	218	5.9	4.0	4.7
New Mexico	55	54	55	6.2	5.8	6.0
New York	530	423	444	5.2	4.2	4.3
North Carolina	359	409	352	7.0	7.7	6.7
North Dakota	34	32	29	7.2	6.9	6.2
Ohio	426	375	353	7.1	6.2	5.9
Oklahoma	126	118	118	6.9	6.3	6.4
Oregon	115	103	101	5.6	4.9	4.8
Pennsylvania	438	348	340	6.8	5.4	5.2
Rhode Island	39	28	29	7.2	5.3	5.5
South Carolina	162	173	164	6.7	7.0	6.6
South Dakota	35	35	30	7.1	6.9	6.1
Tennessee	241	233	224	6.9	6.6	6.3
Texas	1,039	791	801	7.2	5.4	5.4
Utah	98	100	93	5.5	5.5	5.1
Vermont	23	19	18	7.2	5.8	5.7
Virginia	319	283	300	7.3	6.4	6.7
Washington	201	163	167	5.4	4.3	4.4
West Virginia	56	51	53	7.5	6.7	6.9
Wisconsin	223	180	162	6.9	5.7	5.0
Wyoming	31	23	27	9.5	7.2	8.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	7,448	6,862	6,777	4.9	4.4	4.3
Alabama	116	116	107	5.5	5.4	4.9
Alaska	39	38	33	11.6	11.4	9.5
Arizona	152	145	114	5.0	4.6	3.7
Arkansas	69	72	67	5.2	5.2	4.9
California	702	520	646	4.0	2.9	3.6
Colorado	157	136	127	5.4	4.7	4.3
Connecticut	81	67	63	4.8	3.9	3.7
Delaware	30	27	29	6.3	5.5	5.9
District of Columbia	29	28	30	3.8	3.7	3.9
Florida	460	425	408	5.0	4.4	4.2
Georgia	325	250	254	6.8	5.1	5.2
Hawaii	24	20	21	3.9	3.1	3.3
Idaho	52	49	43	6.3	5.8	5.1
Illinois	287	303	288	4.7	4.9	4.7
Indiana	166	170	146	5.2	5.2	4.5
Iowa	84	76	76	5.3	4.7	4.7
Kansas	64	65	63	4.5	4.5	4.4
Kentucky	102	97	95	5.2	4.8	4.7
Louisiana	100	115	125	5.2	5.9	6.4
Maine	39	34	35	6.1	5.2	5.3
Maryland	142	116	130	5.3	4.2	4.7
Massachusetts	171	129	138	4.6	3.4	3.6
Michigan	214	203	186	4.8	4.6	4.1
Minnesota	156	155	132	5.3	5.2	4.4
Mississippi	66	58	62	5.7	4.9	5.3
Missouri	143	122	125	4.9	4.1	4.2
Montana	42	37	34	8.0	7.2	6.5
Nebraska	48	45	48	4.6	4.3	4.6
Nevada	68	74	60	4.6	4.8	3.9
New Hampshire	42	32	33	6.1	4.6	4.7
New Jersey	220	171	230	5.1	3.9	5.2
New Mexico	37	38	34	4.4	4.4	3.9
New York	350	322	331	3.7	3.3	3.4
North Carolina	270	261	232	5.6	5.3	4.7
North Dakota	27	27	25	6.2	6.3	5.6
Ohio	284	256	244	5.1	4.5	4.3
Oklahoma	97	82	87	5.7	4.7	5.1
Oregon	93	90	77	4.8	4.5	3.8
Pennsylvania	235	240	205	3.9	3.9	3.3
Rhode Island	30	25	23	6.0	4.9	4.7
South Carolina	115	124	122	5.1	5.4	5.3
South Dakota	30	28	28	6.4	6.1	5.9
Tennessee	184	187	163	5.7	5.7	4.9
Texas	651	657	623	4.9	4.7	4.5
Utah	77	81	68	4.6	4.7	3.9
Vermont	17	16	15	5.6	5.1	4.9
Virginia	190	184	206	4.7	4.4	5.0
Washington	150	150	126	4.2	4.1	3.4
West Virginia	39	39	38	5.6	5.6	5.4
Wisconsin	157	140	160	5.3	4.6	5.3
Wyoming	26	21	21	9.1	7.1	7.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,393	5,794	5,938	4.2	3.7	3.8
Alabama	99	107	90	4.7	5.0	4.1
Alaska	18	17	15	5.5	5.3	4.3
Arizona	194	128	150	6.4	4.1	4.8
Arkansas	63	65	59	4.8	4.8	4.3
California	629	514	513	3.6	2.8	2.8
Colorado	115	99	101	4.0	3.4	3.4
Connecticut	61	55	62	3.6	3.3	3.6
Delaware	24	31	23	5.0	6.3	4.6
District of Columbia	25	27	26	3.3	3.5	3.4
Florida	457	432	476	4.9	4.4	4.9
Georgia	348	251	214	7.3	5.1	4.4
Hawaii	23	20	19	3.7	3.2	3.1
Idaho	35	33	29	4.2	3.9	3.4
Illinois	220	193	226	3.6	3.1	3.6
Indiana	127	137	135	4.0	4.2	4.2
Iowa	55	57	58	3.5	3.5	3.6
Kansas	64	56	80	4.5	3.9	5.5
Kentucky	97	92	91	4.9	4.6	4.5
Louisiana	97	108	100	5.1	5.5	5.1
Maine	28	26	22	4.3	4.0	3.4
Maryland	112	101	108	4.1	3.7	3.9
Massachusetts	145	90	101	3.9	2.4	2.6
Michigan	153	166	157	3.5	3.7	3.5
Minnesota	114	94	124	3.9	3.1	4.1
Mississippi	62	65	56	5.4	5.5	4.8
Missouri	139	105	112	4.7	3.5	3.7
Montana	28	26	24	5.4	5.1	4.5
Nebraska	36	39	39	3.5	3.8	3.7
Nevada	69	63	58	4.6	4.0	3.8
New Hampshire	30	27	34	4.4	3.8	4.9
New Jersey	141	101	127	3.3	2.3	2.9
New Mexico	45	31	40	5.4	3.5	4.5
New York	281	260	261	2.9	2.7	2.7
North Carolina	237	219	206	4.9	4.4	4.2
North Dakota	18	17	20	4.2	3.9	4.6
Ohio	245	215	220	4.4	3.8	3.9
Oklahoma	87	74	77	5.2	4.3	4.5
Oregon	76	72	65	3.9	3.6	3.2
Pennsylvania	203	174	235	3.4	2.8	3.8
Rhode Island	22	19	20	4.3	3.9	4.0
South Carolina	105	99	98	4.7	4.3	4.2
South Dakota	16	18	19	3.5	3.8	4.1
Tennessee	158	169	137	4.9	5.1	4.1
Texas	567	561	593	4.2	4.0	4.2
Utah	65	77	65	3.9	4.5	3.7
Vermont	13	18	12	4.5	5.8	4.1
Virginia	154	181	181	3.8	4.4	4.3
Washington	124	100	103	3.5	2.8	2.8
West Virginia	37	35	37	5.3	4.9	5.3
Wisconsin	118	114	109	4.0	3.8	3.6
Wyoming	13	14	11	4.3	4.9	3.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,506	4,103	4,024	2.9	2.6	2.6
Alabama	73	82	65	3.5	3.8	3.0
Alaska	12	12	10	3.7	3.6	2.8
Arizona	147	96	105	4.9	3.1	3.4
Arkansas	47	48	42	3.6	3.5	3.1
California	425	353	349	2.4	2.0	1.9
Colorado	77	72	69	2.7	2.5	2.3
Connecticut	43	39	37	2.5	2.3	2.2
Delaware	18	21	16	3.8	4.4	3.2
District of Columbia	18	19	18	2.4	2.4	2.4
Florida	328	306	328	3.5	3.1	3.4
Georgia	264	166	151	5.5	3.4	3.1
Hawaii	16	14	13	2.6	2.2	2.0
Idaho	24	23	20	2.9	2.8	2.3
Illinois	144	128	156	2.4	2.1	2.5
Indiana	91	97	97	2.9	2.9	3.0
Iowa	42	39	37	2.6	2.4	2.3
Kansas	44	39	54	3.1	2.7	3.7
Kentucky	76	70	64	3.9	3.5	3.2
Louisiana	68	75	69	3.6	3.8	3.5
Maine	19	19	12	2.9	2.9	1.9
Maryland	82	72	74	3.0	2.6	2.7
Massachusetts	76	58	56	2.0	1.5	1.5
Michigan	101	108	106	2.3	2.4	2.4
Minnesota	84	69	84	2.8	2.3	2.8
Mississippi	46	43	41	4.0	3.7	3.5
Missouri	91	74	76	3.1	2.5	2.5
Montana	19	19	15	3.7	3.7	2.9
Nebraska	25	25	26	2.5	2.4	2.5
Nevada	45	44	39	3.0	2.9	2.5
New Hampshire	20	17	21	2.9	2.5	3.0
New Jersey	92	69	65	2.1	1.6	1.5
New Mexico	31	21	26	3.7	2.5	3.0
New York	191	186	139	2.0	1.9	1.4
North Carolina	177	152	141	3.7	3.1	2.9
North Dakota	13	12	14	3.0	2.8	3.2
Ohio	148	149	152	2.7	2.6	2.7
Oklahoma	67	54	56	4.0	3.1	3.2
Oregon	56	51	43	2.9	2.5	2.1
Pennsylvania	134	124	133	2.2	2.0	2.1
Rhode Island	14	13	11	2.8	2.6	2.1
South Carolina	78	72	71	3.5	3.1	3.1
South Dakota	12	12	14	2.5	2.6	2.9
Tennessee	116	127	99	3.6	3.8	3.0
Texas	438	427	461	3.3	3.1	3.3
Utah	45	56	39	2.7	3.2	2.3
Vermont	9	13	6	3.0	4.3	2.1
Virginia	115	133	127	2.8	3.2	3.0
Washington	89	70	65	2.5	1.9	1.8
West Virginia	28	25	26	4.0	3.5	3.7
Wisconsin	78	80	77	2.6	2.7	2.5
Wyoming	9	10	7	2.9	3.5	2.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,474	1,398	1,533	1.0	0.9	1.0
Alabama	21	21	20	1.0	1.0	0.9
Alaska	5	4	4	1.4	1.2	1.3
Arizona	35	26	38	1.2	0.8	1.2
Arkansas	12	14	13	0.9	1.0	1.0
California	161	132	134	0.9	0.7	0.7
Colorado	26	23	28	0.9	0.8	1.0
Connecticut	15	12	17	0.9	0.7	1.0
Delaware	4	8	6	0.9	1.5	1.2
District of Columbia	5	6	6	0.7	0.8	0.7
Florida	87	113	116	0.9	1.2	1.2
Georgia	58	75	50	1.2	1.5	1.0
Hawaii	5	5	6	0.9	0.8	0.9
Idaho	9	8	8	1.1	1.0	1.0
Illinois	62	58	56	1.0	0.9	0.9
Indiana	27	34	30	0.8	1.0	0.9
Iowa	11	15	18	0.7	0.9	1.1
Kansas	16	14	21	1.1	1.0	1.5
Kentucky	15	19	22	0.7	1.0	1.1
Louisiana	22	23	26	1.1	1.2	1.3
Maine	7	5	7	1.1	0.8	1.0
Maryland	19	24	28	0.7	0.9	1.0
Massachusetts	61	21	33	1.6	0.6	0.9
Michigan	42	48	41	1.0	1.1	0.9
Minnesota	26	21	34	0.9	0.7	1.1
Mississippi	12	18	12	1.1	1.6	1.0
Missouri	42	24	27	1.4	0.8	0.9
Montana	7	6	7	1.3	1.1	1.4
Nebraska	9	11	11	0.8	1.1	1.0
Nevada	20	16	17	1.3	1.0	1.1
New Hampshire	8	7	8	1.2	1.0	1.2
New Jersey	41	23	48	1.0	0.5	1.1
New Mexico	10	7	11	1.2	0.8	1.3
New York	75	63	94	0.8	0.6	1.0
North Carolina	48	59	42	1.0	1.2	0.9
North Dakota	4	4	5	1.0	0.9	1.0
Ohio	80	50	59	1.4	0.9	1.0
Oklahoma	14	17	18	0.8	1.0	1.0
Oregon	16	18	20	0.8	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania	60	40	71	1.0	0.6	1.2
Rhode Island	7	5	7	1.4	1.0	1.5
South Carolina	20	22	21	0.9	1.0	0.9
South Dakota	4	4	5	0.8	0.9	1.0
Tennessee	35	36	31	1.1	1.1	0.9
Texas	94	111	113	0.7	0.8	0.8
Utah	15	18	23	0.9	1.0	1.3
Vermont	3	4	3	1.0	1.2	1.1
Virginia	26	41	44	0.6	1.0	1.1
Washington	28	24	32	0.8	0.7	0.9
West Virginia	6	8	9	0.9	1.2	1.2
Wisconsin	34	28	26	1.1	0.9	0.9
Wyoming	3	3	4	1.1	1.1	1.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary