State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, December 15, 2023	USDL-23-2568
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 6 states on the last business day of October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 
Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 3 states and increased in 1 state. Total separations rates 
increased in 3 states and decreased in 2 states. Nationally, the job openings rate decreased in October, 
while the hires and total separations rates showed little or no change. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In October, job openings rates decreased in 6 states and were little changed in 44 states and the District 
of Columbia. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in Tennessee (-2.2 percentage points), 
Louisiana (-1.2 points), and Wisconsin (-1.0 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate 
decreased (-0.3 point). (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 13 states and was little changed in 37 states and the District 
of Columbia in October. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in Tennessee  
(-84,000), California (-60,000), and Illinois (-49,000). Nationally, the number of job openings decreased 
(-617,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In October, hires rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 46 states 
and the District of Columbia. The hires rate decreased in Kentucky (-1.4 percentage points), Louisiana  
(-1.3 points), and Alabama (-0.7 point). The increase occurred in Texas (+0.6 point). The national hires 
rate changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires decreased in 4 states, increased in 2 states, and was little changed in 44 states and 
the District of Columbia in October. The largest decreases in the hires level occurred in North Carolina 
(-29,000), Kentucky (-28,000), and Louisiana (-25,000). The increases occurred in Texas (+86,000) and 
Iowa (+9,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In October, total separations rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed 
in 45 states and the District of Columbia. The increases in total separations rates occurred in New Jersey 
(+1.2 percentage points), as well as in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania (+0.6 point each). The decreases 
occurred in Kansas and Minnesota (-0.9 point each). Over the month, the national total separations rate 
was unchanged. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations increased in 4 states, decreased in 5 states, and was little changed in 
41 states and the District of Columbia in October. The largest increases in the total separations level 
occurred in New Jersey (+52,000), Pennsylvania (+37,000), and Massachusetts (+24,000). The largest 
decreases occurred in Minnesota (-26,000), Kansas (-12,000), and Nebraska (-7,000). Nationally, the 
number of total separations changed little over the month. (See table 3.)
 
Quits

In October, quits rates in all states and the District of Columbia changed little. Over the month, the 
national quits rate was unchanged. (See table 4.)

The number of quits in all states and the District of Columbia was little changed in October. 
Nationally, the number of quits changed little over the month. (See table 4.)
 
Layoffs and Discharges 

In October, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 8 states, decreased in 3 states, and were little 
changed in 39 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in layoffs and discharges rates 
occurred in Maine and New Jersey (+1.1 percentage points each) and in Montana (+0.8 point). The 
decreases occurred in Minnesota (-0.8 point), as well as in Kansas and Missouri (-0.6 point each).  
Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 9 states, decreased in 6 states, and was little 
changed in 35 states and the District of Columbia in October. The largest increases in the layoffs and 
discharges level occurred in New Jersey (+51,000), Pennsylvania (+38,000), and Massachusetts 
(+23,000). The largest decreases occurred in Minnesota (-24,000), Missouri (-16,000), and Kansas  
(-9,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)


For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  

_______________
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for November 2023 are scheduled to be 
released on Thursday, January 18, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Oct. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Change from: Sept. 2023 - Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Change from: Sept. 2023 - Oct. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	10,471	8,920	9,497	9,350	8,733	-617	6.4	5.4	5.7	5.6	5.3	-0.3
Alabama	150	129	137	138	123	-15	6.6	5.6	6.0	6.0	5.4	-0.6
Alaska	27	24	32	26	25	-1	7.7	6.9	8.9	7.4	7.1	-0.3
Arizona	242	199	192	193	183	-10	7.2	5.9	5.7	5.7	5.5	-0.2
Arkansas	97	84	90	88	81	-7	6.7	5.8	6.2	6.1	5.6	-0.5
California	1,201	975	961	867	807	-60	6.3	5.1	5.0	4.6	4.3	-0.3
Colorado	243	191	197	202	203	1	7.8	6.2	6.3	6.5	6.5	0.0
Connecticut	113	91	96	102	89	-13	6.3	5.1	5.4	5.7	5.0	-0.7
Delaware	36	33	33	33	30	-3	7.0	6.4	6.4	6.3	5.8	-0.5
District of Columbia	38	43	39	43	37	-6	4.7	5.3	4.8	5.2	4.5	-0.7
Florida	569	570	616	606	574	-32	5.6	5.5	5.9	5.8	5.5	-0.3
Georgia	390	323	333	353	335	-18	7.5	6.2	6.3	6.7	6.4	-0.3
Hawaii	36	33	35	32	30	-2	5.4	4.9	5.2	4.8	4.5	-0.3
Idaho	68	55	54	55	57	2	7.5	6.1	5.9	6.0	6.2	0.2
Illinois	345	349	428	371	322	-49	5.4	5.4	6.5	5.7	5.0	-0.7
Indiana	200	162	170	168	153	-15	5.8	4.7	4.9	4.9	4.5	-0.4
Iowa	118	75	90	83	84	1	6.9	4.5	5.4	5.0	5.0	0.0
Kansas	87	82	88	81	74	-7	5.7	5.4	5.7	5.3	4.8	-0.5
Kentucky	134	111	126	131	117	-14	6.3	5.2	5.9	6.1	5.4	-0.7
Louisiana	147	126	140	148	122	-26	7.1	6.0	6.6	7.0	5.8	-1.2
Maine	47	41	42	45	44	-1	6.8	6.0	6.1	6.5	6.3	-0.2
Maryland	189	165	180	183	173	-10	6.5	5.7	6.1	6.2	5.9	-0.3
Massachusetts	272	236	251	255	251	-4	6.8	5.9	6.2	6.3	6.2	-0.1
Michigan	259	216	242	242	220	-22	5.6	4.6	5.2	5.2	4.7	-0.5
Minnesota	199	192	203	201	187	-14	6.3	6.0	6.4	6.3	5.9	-0.4
Mississippi	84	80	82	83	80	-3	6.7	6.4	6.6	6.6	6.4	-0.2
Missouri	198	167	182	180	165	-15	6.3	5.3	5.7	5.7	5.2	-0.5
Montana	44	35	36	36	36	0	7.9	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.5	0.0
Nebraska	57	54	62	59	52	-7	5.2	4.9	5.6	5.3	4.7	-0.6
Nevada	106	92	97	99	89	-10	6.5	5.6	5.9	5.9	5.4	-0.5
New Hampshire	57	50	44	44	41	-3	7.6	6.7	5.9	5.9	5.5	-0.4
New Jersey	267	243	220	228	208	-20	5.9	5.3	4.8	5.0	4.6	-0.4
New Mexico	65	65	61	57	58	1	7.1	7.0	6.6	6.1	6.2	0.1
New York	540	441	461	466	466	0	5.3	4.3	4.5	4.6	4.6	0.0
North Carolina	363	316	341	312	294	-18	7.0	6.0	6.5	5.9	5.6	-0.3
North Dakota	29	26	29	28	26	-2	6.3	5.6	6.2	6.0	5.6	-0.4
Ohio	351	314	352	354	329	-25	6.0	5.3	5.9	5.9	5.5	-0.4
Oklahoma	123	104	115	113	106	-7	6.7	5.7	6.2	6.1	5.8	-0.3
Oregon	144	111	114	116	112	-4	6.8	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.3	-0.2
Pennsylvania	419	342	386	380	371	-9	6.5	5.3	5.9	5.8	5.7	-0.1
Rhode Island	37	29	31	31	31	0	6.9	5.6	5.9	5.9	5.9	0.0
South Carolina	177	168	170	172	165	-7	7.2	6.8	6.9	6.9	6.7	-0.2
South Dakota	27	25	30	28	25	-3	5.6	5.2	6.1	5.7	5.1	-0.6
Tennessee	245	189	235	293	209	-84	7.0	5.4	6.6	8.1	5.9	-2.2
Texas	907	774	809	795	761	-34	6.2	5.3	5.5	5.4	5.1	-0.3
Utah	115	105	121	102	101	-1	6.4	5.7	6.5	5.6	5.5	-0.1
Vermont	24	18	18	20	19	-1	7.3	5.6	5.6	6.1	5.8	-0.3
Virginia	325	243	264	260	254	-6	7.3	5.5	6.0	5.9	5.7	-0.2
Washington	216	189	184	170	171	1	5.7	4.9	4.8	4.5	4.5	0.0
West Virginia	64	52	53	54	53	-1	8.4	6.9	7.0	7.1	7.0	-0.1
Wisconsin	259	165	211	206	172	-34	8.0	5.2	6.6	6.4	5.4	-1.0
Wyoming	22	19	19	19	19	0	7.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Oct. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Change from: Sept. 2023 - Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Change from: Sept. 2023 - Oct. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,164	5,822	5,850	5,904	5,886	-18	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Alabama	108	97	94	92	77	-15	5.1	4.5	4.4	4.3	3.6	-0.7
Alaska	18	16	19	18	17	-1	5.6	4.9	5.8	5.5	5.2	-0.3
Arizona	148	127	130	130	136	6	4.8	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.3	0.2
Arkansas	60	59	59	59	55	-4	4.5	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.0	-0.3
California	619	620	528	560	553	-7	3.5	3.4	2.9	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Colorado	141	87	100	117	133	16	4.9	3.0	3.4	4.0	4.6	0.6
Connecticut	58	61	62	59	63	4	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.7	0.2
Delaware	26	26	24	25	24	-1	5.5	5.4	5.0	5.1	4.9	-0.2
District of Columbia	22	26	24	24	22	-2	2.9	3.4	3.1	3.1	2.8	-0.3
Florida	376	388	390	427	391	-36	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.4	4.0	-0.4
Georgia	241	236	224	214	230	16	5.0	4.8	4.5	4.3	4.7	0.4
Hawaii	24	21	22	21	21	0	3.8	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.3	0.0
Idaho	43	38	33	38	38	0	5.2	4.5	3.9	4.4	4.4	0.0
Illinois	235	210	222	197	225	28	3.9	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.7	0.5
Indiana	135	138	125	122	136	14	4.2	4.2	3.8	3.7	4.1	0.4
Iowa	66	53	54	52	61	9	4.2	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.8	0.5
Kansas	58	56	54	49	50	1	4.0	3.9	3.7	3.4	3.4	0.0
Kentucky	89	82	96	104	76	-28	4.5	4.1	4.7	5.1	3.7	-1.4
Louisiana	91	111	103	108	83	-25	4.7	5.7	5.2	5.5	4.2	-1.3
Maine	26	23	26	26	26	0	4.1	3.6	4.0	4.0	4.0	0.0
Maryland	123	109	105	109	108	-1	4.5	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.9	0.0
Massachusetts	139	120	127	125	114	-11	3.8	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.0	-0.3
Michigan	166	166	153	142	148	6	3.8	3.7	3.4	3.2	3.3	0.1
Minnesota	107	105	95	111	118	7	3.6	3.5	3.2	3.7	3.9	0.2
Mississippi	55	57	49	53	52	-1	4.7	4.9	4.2	4.5	4.4	-0.1
Missouri	104	99	100	110	112	2	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.7	3.7	0.0
Montana	30	25	24	25	28	3	5.8	4.8	4.6	4.8	5.4	0.6
Nebraska	39	38	38	38	37	-1	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Nevada	72	64	58	62	64	2	4.7	4.1	3.7	4.0	4.1	0.1
New Hampshire	28	29	30	29	28	-1	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.0	-0.1
New Jersey	143	146	170	163	153	-10	3.4	3.4	3.9	3.8	3.5	-0.3
New Mexico	37	39	33	34	35	1	4.3	4.5	3.8	3.9	4.0	0.1
New York	281	287	282	274	276	2	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.8	0.0
North Carolina	225	183	202	194	165	-29	4.6	3.7	4.1	3.9	3.3	-0.6
North Dakota	18	17	17	18	18	0	4.2	3.9	3.9	4.1	4.1	0.0
Ohio	227	189	214	231	215	-16	4.1	3.4	3.8	4.1	3.8	-0.3
Oklahoma	80	85	81	85	81	-4	4.7	4.9	4.7	4.9	4.7	-0.2
Oregon	94	70	73	76	79	3	4.8	3.5	3.6	3.8	3.9	0.1
Pennsylvania	175	177	203	220	198	-22	2.9	2.9	3.3	3.6	3.2	-0.4
Rhode Island	20	19	21	21	21	0	4.0	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.2	0.0
South Carolina	106	100	107	105	107	2	4.7	4.3	4.6	4.5	4.6	0.1
South Dakota	19	18	18	18	19	1	4.2	3.9	3.9	3.9	4.1	0.2
Tennessee	166	158	150	159	141	-18	5.1	4.8	4.5	4.8	4.3	-0.5
Texas	578	526	625	550	636	86	4.2	3.8	4.5	3.9	4.5	0.6
Utah	75	64	59	69	72	3	4.4	3.7	3.4	4.0	4.2	0.2
Vermont	13	11	13	13	13	0	4.3	3.6	4.2	4.2	4.2	0.0
Virginia	162	179	154	173	158	-15	3.9	4.3	3.7	4.2	3.8	-0.4
Washington	135	123	111	112	118	6	3.8	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.2	0.1
West Virginia	39	36	33	34	34	0	5.6	5.1	4.7	4.8	4.8	0.0
Wisconsin	108	100	109	96	109	13	3.6	3.3	3.6	3.2	3.6	0.4
Wyoming	15	13	12	13	13	0	5.2	4.5	4.1	4.4	4.4	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Oct. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Change from: Sept. 2023 - Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Change from: Sept. 2023 - Oct. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,846	5,638	5,687	5,595	5,646	51	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	0.0
Alabama	92	101	95	86	88	2	4.3	4.7	4.4	4.0	4.1	0.1
Alaska	22	20	25	18	18	0	6.8	6.1	7.6	5.5	5.5	0.0
Arizona	152	131	135	135	134	-1	4.9	4.1	4.3	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Arkansas	55	56	56	56	53	-3	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	3.9	-0.2
California	552	496	457	520	517	-3	3.1	2.7	2.5	2.9	2.8	-0.1
Colorado	115	106	120	100	113	13	4.0	3.6	4.1	3.4	3.9	0.5
Connecticut	46	60	48	51	54	3	2.8	3.5	2.8	3.0	3.2	0.2
Delaware	26	23	22	24	25	1	5.5	4.8	4.5	4.9	5.1	0.2
District of Columbia	26	25	24	23	24	1	3.4	3.2	3.1	2.9	3.1	0.2
Florida	399	363	348	391	386	-5	4.2	3.7	3.6	4.0	3.9	-0.1
Georgia	233	203	201	202	213	11	4.8	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.3	0.2
Hawaii	19	21	22	23	18	-5	3.0	3.3	3.5	3.6	2.8	-0.8
Idaho	38	39	42	43	38	-5	4.6	4.6	4.9	5.0	4.4	-0.6
Illinois	219	186	231	185	191	6	3.6	3.0	3.8	3.0	3.1	0.1
Indiana	134	132	127	129	119	-10	4.2	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Iowa	64	60	67	54	53	-1	4.0	3.8	4.2	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Kansas	56	49	57	56	44	-12	3.9	3.4	3.9	3.9	3.0	-0.9
Kentucky	76	85	84	88	79	-9	3.8	4.2	4.1	4.3	3.9	-0.4
Louisiana	95	86	102	100	100	0	4.9	4.4	5.2	5.1	5.1	0.0
Maine	24	22	20	25	30	5	3.7	3.4	3.1	3.9	4.6	0.7
Maryland	124	103	107	107	111	4	4.6	3.8	3.9	3.9	4.0	0.1
Massachusetts	100	97	83	82	106	24	2.7	2.6	2.2	2.2	2.8	0.6
Michigan	150	152	153	146	134	-12	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.0	-0.3
Minnesota	112	110	111	119	93	-26	3.8	3.7	3.7	4.0	3.1	-0.9
Mississippi	56	60	53	54	54	0	4.8	5.1	4.5	4.6	4.6	0.0
Missouri	107	102	114	114	100	-14	3.6	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.3	-0.5
Montana	29	29	28	30	31	1	5.7	5.6	5.4	5.8	5.9	0.1
Nebraska	37	38	46	38	31	-7	3.6	3.6	4.4	3.6	3.0	-0.6
Nevada	74	64	65	60	61	1	4.9	4.1	4.2	3.8	3.9	0.1
New Hampshire	33	30	25	27	30	3	4.8	4.3	3.6	3.8	4.3	0.5
New Jersey	142	153	118	129	181	52	3.3	3.5	2.7	3.0	4.2	1.2
New Mexico	32	37	34	35	35	0	3.7	4.3	3.9	4.0	4.0	0.0
New York	247	250	257	260	285	25	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.9	0.2
North Carolina	212	202	222	202	194	-8	4.4	4.1	4.5	4.1	3.9	-0.2
North Dakota	18	18	22	18	15	-3	4.2	4.1	5.0	4.1	3.4	-0.7
Ohio	221	213	221	202	206	4	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.6	0.0
Oklahoma	70	74	71	70	75	5	4.1	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.3	0.3
Oregon	83	76	79	79	80	1	4.2	3.8	3.9	3.9	4.0	0.1
Pennsylvania	173	182	172	177	214	37	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.5	0.6
Rhode Island	21	20	17	19	20	1	4.2	4.1	3.4	3.8	4.0	0.2
South Carolina	95	100	109	113	102	-11	4.2	4.3	4.7	4.9	4.4	-0.5
South Dakota	17	20	20	19	16	-3	3.7	4.3	4.3	4.1	3.4	-0.7
Tennessee	188	143	142	142	154	12	5.7	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.6	0.3
Texas	552	541	574	524	521	-3	4.0	3.9	4.1	3.7	3.7	0.0
Utah	68	75	81	73	70	-3	4.0	4.3	4.7	4.2	4.0	-0.2
Vermont	11	13	12	12	13	1	3.6	4.2	3.9	3.9	4.2	0.3
Virginia	167	175	158	147	158	11	4.1	4.2	3.8	3.5	3.8	0.3
Washington	112	136	136	123	106	-17	3.1	3.7	3.7	3.4	2.9	-0.5
West Virginia	33	35	35	35	33	-2	4.7	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.7	-0.3
Wisconsin	103	111	121	109	100	-9	3.5	3.7	4.0	3.6	3.3	-0.3
Wyoming	15	15	16	15	15	0	5.2	5.1	5.5	5.1	5.1	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Oct. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Change from: Sept. 2023 - Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Change from: Sept. 2023 - Oct. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,048	3,619	3,663	3,646	3,628	-18	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	0.0
Alabama	69	63	65	56	59	3	3.2	2.9	3.0	2.6	2.7	0.1
Alaska	15	11	13	11	11	0	4.7	3.4	4.0	3.4	3.4	0.0
Arizona	109	94	86	93	88	-5	3.5	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.8	-0.1
Arkansas	39	37	39	37	35	-2	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.6	-0.1
California	378	312	275	316	326	10	2.1	1.7	1.5	1.7	1.8	0.1
Colorado	71	67	88	65	64	-1	2.5	2.3	3.0	2.2	2.2	0.0
Connecticut	29	33	23	33	27	-6	1.7	2.0	1.4	1.9	1.6	-0.3
Delaware	18	15	15	16	16	0	3.8	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.3	0.0
District of Columbia	18	16	16	15	14	-1	2.3	2.1	2.1	1.9	1.8	-0.1
Florida	303	273	239	283	269	-14	3.2	2.8	2.4	2.9	2.7	-0.2
Georgia	165	143	133	140	143	3	3.4	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9	0.1
Hawaii	12	12	14	13	10	-3	1.9	1.9	2.2	2.1	1.6	-0.5
Idaho	26	25	26	28	24	-4	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.3	2.8	-0.5
Illinois	139	112	118	124	135	11	2.3	1.8	1.9	2.0	2.2	0.2
Indiana	87	84	88	85	87	2	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.6	0.0
Iowa	44	38	44	34	35	1	2.8	2.4	2.8	2.1	2.2	0.1
Kansas	38	31	38	33	30	-3	2.6	2.1	2.6	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Kentucky	57	59	59	60	55	-5	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.7	-0.3
Louisiana	68	58	72	65	61	-4	3.5	3.0	3.7	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Maine	16	11	11	14	14	0	2.5	1.7	1.7	2.2	2.2	0.0
Maryland	77	62	71	69	70	1	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.5	0.0
Massachusetts	67	48	46	55	55	0	1.8	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.5	0.0
Michigan	106	92	92	92	89	-3	2.4	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Minnesota	77	70	68	65	65	0	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2	0.0
Mississippi	41	37	37	35	37	2	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.2	0.2
Missouri	74	66	75	67	70	3	2.5	2.2	2.5	2.2	2.3	0.1
Montana	19	16	17	18	17	-1	3.7	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Nebraska	24	24	30	24	22	-2	2.3	2.3	2.9	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Nevada	48	41	42	40	39	-1	3.2	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.5	-0.1
New Hampshire	17	15	13	15	16	1	2.5	2.1	1.9	2.1	2.3	0.2
New Jersey	89	90	70	85	85	0	2.1	2.1	1.6	2.0	2.0	0.0
New Mexico	22	21	22	23	23	0	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.6	0.0
New York	168	138	127	148	157	9	1.8	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.6	0.1
North Carolina	151	135	141	133	123	-10	3.1	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.5	-0.2
North Dakota	12	11	14	12	10	-2	2.8	2.5	3.2	2.7	2.3	-0.4
Ohio	139	137	150	117	131	14	2.5	2.4	2.7	2.1	2.3	0.2
Oklahoma	51	50	46	46	50	4	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.9	0.2
Oregon	56	46	48	50	50	0	2.8	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.5	0.0
Pennsylvania	118	122	112	121	116	-5	2.0	2.0	1.8	2.0	1.9	-0.1
Rhode Island	12	9	9	11	10	-1	2.4	1.8	1.8	2.2	2.0	-0.2
South Carolina	69	69	76	75	66	-9	3.0	3.0	3.3	3.2	2.9	-0.3
South Dakota	11	12	13	12	11	-1	2.4	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.4	-0.2
Tennessee	130	95	101	96	106	10	4.0	2.9	3.0	2.9	3.2	0.3
Texas	413	373	425	383	384	1	3.0	2.7	3.0	2.7	2.7	0.0
Utah	47	49	56	47	47	0	2.8	2.8	3.2	2.7	2.7	0.0
Vermont	7	7	7	7	7	0	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	0.0
Virginia	123	109	108	101	102	1	3.0	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.4	0.0
Washington	75	81	76	74	65	-9	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.0	1.8	-0.2
West Virginia	25	23	24	23	22	-1	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Wisconsin	70	69	73	72	71	-1	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.4	0.0
Wyoming	10	9	10	10	9	-1	3.5	3.1	3.4	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Oct. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Change from: Sept. 2023 - Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Change from: Sept. 2023 - Oct. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,525	1,681	1,682	1,610	1,642	32	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Alabama	20	34	24	25	24	-1	0.9	1.6	1.1	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Alaska	6	7	10	6	6	0	1.9	2.1	3.1	1.8	1.8	0.0
Arizona	36	30	43	33	37	4	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.0	1.2	0.2
Arkansas	14	16	14	17	14	-3	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.0	-0.2
California	131	164	150	162	160	-2	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.0
Colorado	40	34	27	27	40	13	1.4	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.4	0.5
Connecticut	15	23	20	12	22	10	0.9	1.4	1.2	0.7	1.3	0.6
Delaware	7	7	6	7	7	0	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.4	0.0
District of Columbia	6	7	6	7	7	0	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.0
Florida	80	74	80	89	98	9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.1
Georgia	61	51	57	49	46	-3	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Hawaii	6	6	6	7	6	-1	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Idaho	11	11	12	11	12	1	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.4	0.1
Illinois	67	63	103	52	51	-1	1.1	1.0	1.7	0.8	0.8	0.0
Indiana	38	42	35	33	29	-4	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Iowa	15	18	20	17	14	-3	0.9	1.1	1.3	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Kansas	14	14	18	20	11	-9	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.4	0.8	-0.6
Kentucky	16	22	20	24	18	-6	0.8	1.1	1.0	1.2	0.9	-0.3
Louisiana	22	24	25	30	30	0	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.5	0.0
Maine	7	9	6	7	14	7	1.1	1.4	0.9	1.1	2.2	1.1
Maryland	42	34	28	32	30	-2	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Massachusetts	30	44	25	18	41	23	0.8	1.2	0.7	0.5	1.1	0.6
Michigan	37	51	56	48	38	-10	0.8	1.2	1.3	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Minnesota	29	31	39	48	24	-24	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.6	0.8	-0.8
Mississippi	13	20	13	17	13	-4	1.1	1.7	1.1	1.4	1.1	-0.3
Missouri	26	28	33	41	25	-16	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.4	0.8	-0.6
Montana	9	9	9	8	12	4	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.5	2.3	0.8
Nebraska	10	11	14	12	8	-4	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.1	0.8	-0.3
Nevada	23	18	19	16	17	1	1.5	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.1
New Hampshire	15	13	9	8	11	3	2.2	1.9	1.3	1.1	1.6	0.5
New Jersey	47	55	35	33	84	51	1.1	1.3	0.8	0.8	1.9	1.1
New Mexico	9	12	10	9	10	1	1.1	1.4	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.1
New York	67	99	112	94	103	9	0.7	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.1
North Carolina	52	51	68	64	52	-12	1.1	1.0	1.4	1.3	1.1	-0.2
North Dakota	5	6	7	6	4	-2	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.4	0.9	-0.5
Ohio	70	65	65	74	66	-8	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Oklahoma	17	19	21	21	18	-3	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Oregon	24	23	24	22	25	3	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2	0.1
Pennsylvania	48	52	48	46	84	38	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	1.4	0.7
Rhode Island	8	9	7	6	8	2	1.6	1.8	1.4	1.2	1.6	0.4
South Carolina	23	27	28	35	30	-5	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.5	1.3	-0.2
South Dakota	4	6	6	6	4	-2	0.9	1.3	1.3	1.3	0.9	-0.4
Tennessee	53	43	34	42	39	-3	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Texas	125	119	126	123	112	-11	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Utah	18	22	21	20	19	-1	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Vermont	3	5	3	3	5	2	1.0	1.6	1.0	1.0	1.6	0.6
Virginia	39	57	40	42	44	2	0.9	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.1
Washington	33	46	45	39	34	-5	0.9	1.3	1.2	1.1	0.9	-0.2
West Virginia	7	10	9	10	8	-2	1.0	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.1	-0.3
Wisconsin	27	33	42	32	24	-8	0.9	1.1	1.4	1.1	0.8	-0.3
Wyoming	4	4	5	4	5	1	1.4	1.4	1.7	1.4	1.7	0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Oct. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	11,004	9,392	9,211	6.6	5.6	5.5
Alabama	158	139	130	6.9	6.1	5.7
Alaska	20	21	19	6.0	6.0	5.6
Arizona	263	191	212	7.7	5.7	6.2
Arkansas	98	95	80	6.7	6.5	5.5
California	1,303	878	885	6.8	4.6	4.6
Colorado	249	188	228	7.9	6.1	7.2
Connecticut	114	100	89	6.3	5.5	4.9
Delaware	40	32	34	7.7	6.2	6.4
District of Columbia	42	47	39	5.2	5.6	4.8
Florida	596	581	596	5.9	5.6	5.7
Georgia	403	351	347	7.7	6.6	6.5
Hawaii	35	32	30	5.2	4.8	4.5
Idaho	67	51	60	7.4	5.6	6.4
Illinois	362	373	327	5.6	5.7	5.0
Indiana	215	170	163	6.2	4.9	4.7
Iowa	136	86	97	7.8	5.1	5.7
Kansas	99	82	81	6.4	5.3	5.2
Kentucky	138	133	118	6.5	6.1	5.5
Louisiana	165	140	134	7.8	6.6	6.3
Maine	45	41	43	6.5	5.8	6.1
Maryland	201	181	180	6.9	6.1	6.1
Massachusetts	281	249	263	7.0	6.2	6.5
Michigan	275	272	218	5.8	5.8	4.7
Minnesota	214	199	202	6.7	6.2	6.2
Mississippi	86	89	82	6.8	7.1	6.5
Missouri	203	181	170	6.4	5.7	5.4
Montana	45	36	39	8.0	6.5	7.0
Nebraska	61	60	54	5.5	5.5	4.9
Nevada	111	100	96	6.7	6.0	5.7
New Hampshire	55	40	38	7.3	5.4	5.1
New Jersey	277	238	221	6.1	5.2	4.8
New Mexico	73	57	68	7.8	6.1	7.2
New York	558	464	500	5.5	4.6	4.9
North Carolina	400	305	318	7.6	5.8	6.0
North Dakota	29	30	26	6.3	6.4	5.6
Ohio	366	346	339	6.2	5.8	5.6
Oklahoma	132	123	111	7.1	6.6	6.0
Oregon	155	126	128	7.3	5.9	6.0
Pennsylvania	432	365	388	6.6	5.6	5.9
Rhode Island	37	32	31	6.8	5.9	5.8
South Carolina	189	166	179	7.7	6.7	7.2
South Dakota	28	28	25	5.7	5.7	5.1
Tennessee	244	291	209	6.9	8.0	5.9
Texas	961	824	801	6.5	5.6	5.4
Utah	118	101	108	6.5	5.5	5.8
Vermont	24	17	20	7.2	5.2	6.0
Virginia	333	272	261	7.5	6.1	5.9
Washington	223	169	186	5.9	4.4	4.8
West Virginia	65	62	53	8.5	8.1	6.9
Wisconsin	259	221	165	7.9	6.8	5.2
Wyoming	20	18	18	6.6	5.8	5.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Oct. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,599	5,932	6,252	4.3	3.8	4.0
Alabama	126	99	89	5.9	4.6	4.1
Alaska	13	14	12	4.1	4.1	3.6
Arizona	166	132	155	5.3	4.2	4.9
Arkansas	64	66	56	4.7	4.8	4.1
California	735	554	658	4.1	3.1	3.6
Colorado	141	107	140	4.9	3.7	4.8
Connecticut	59	61	65	3.5	3.6	3.8
Delaware	31	22	28	6.4	4.6	5.7
District of Columbia	24	28	23	3.1	3.6	2.9
Florida	434	435	444	4.5	4.5	4.5
Georgia	255	207	242	5.2	4.2	4.9
Hawaii	24	22	21	3.8	3.5	3.3
Idaho	44	39	40	5.3	4.5	4.6
Illinois	242	185	229	3.9	3.0	3.7
Indiana	135	115	135	4.2	3.5	4.1
Iowa	72	53	67	4.5	3.3	4.2
Kansas	63	47	54	4.3	3.2	3.7
Kentucky	92	107	78	4.6	5.2	3.8
Louisiana	103	108	92	5.3	5.5	4.6
Maine	24	23	24	3.7	3.4	3.6
Maryland	128	109	112	4.7	3.9	4.0
Massachusetts	143	146	115	3.8	3.9	3.0
Michigan	167	138	146	3.8	3.1	3.3
Minnesota	109	103	125	3.6	3.4	4.1
Mississippi	58	54	53	4.9	4.6	4.5
Missouri	108	114	118	3.6	3.8	3.9
Montana	30	25	29	5.9	4.8	5.5
Nebraska	41	36	37	3.9	3.4	3.5
Nevada	80	64	72	5.2	4.1	4.5
New Hampshire	27	25	26	3.9	3.6	3.7
New Jersey	154	186	161	3.6	4.3	3.7
New Mexico	40	32	37	4.6	3.7	4.3
New York	294	289	283	3.0	3.0	2.9
North Carolina	245	188	173	5.0	3.8	3.5
North Dakota	18	20	18	4.2	4.5	4.0
Ohio	235	233	222	4.2	4.1	3.9
Oklahoma	84	92	84	4.9	5.3	4.8
Oregon	101	88	88	5.1	4.4	4.4
Pennsylvania	182	221	205	3.0	3.6	3.3
Rhode Island	21	21	21	4.1	4.3	4.3
South Carolina	118	100	117	5.2	4.3	5.0
South Dakota	18	17	19	4.0	3.6	4.0
Tennessee	178	153	148	5.4	4.6	4.4
Texas	593	542	653	4.3	3.9	4.6
Utah	80	71	78	4.7	4.1	4.5
Vermont	13	10	13	4.3	3.4	4.3
Virginia	184	172	171	4.5	4.1	4.1
Washington	141	117	124	3.9	3.2	3.4
West Virginia	39	39	34	5.6	5.5	4.8
Wisconsin	107	90	109	3.6	3.0	3.6
Wyoming	14	12	12	4.9	4.2	4.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Oct. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,848	5,828	5,659	3.8	3.7	3.6
Alabama	95	89	90	4.5	4.1	4.2
Alaska	30	27	26	9.4	8.0	8.1
Arizona	140	116	124	4.5	3.6	3.9
Arkansas	53	53	51	3.9	3.9	3.7
California	541	516	504	3.0	2.9	2.8
Colorado	113	115	113	3.9	4.0	3.9
Connecticut	44	59	51	2.6	3.5	3.0
Delaware	30	29	29	6.2	5.9	5.8
District of Columbia	28	23	25	3.6	2.9	3.2
Florida	389	371	381	4.1	3.8	3.9
Georgia	222	202	199	4.6	4.1	4.0
Hawaii	17	26	16	2.7	4.1	2.5
Idaho	43	50	42	5.1	5.8	4.9
Illinois	231	191	204	3.8	3.1	3.3
Indiana	133	127	117	4.1	3.9	3.5
Iowa	69	58	57	4.3	3.6	3.6
Kansas	55	58	42	3.8	4.0	2.9
Kentucky	74	88	72	3.7	4.3	3.5
Louisiana	87	104	89	4.5	5.3	4.5
Maine	25	32	34	3.9	4.9	5.2
Maryland	124	120	114	4.6	4.3	4.1
Massachusetts	98	117	108	2.6	3.1	2.8
Michigan	156	164	137	3.5	3.7	3.1
Minnesota	112	127	94	3.7	4.2	3.1
Mississippi	54	53	52	4.6	4.5	4.4
Missouri	104	116	97	3.5	3.9	3.2
Montana	32	37	36	6.3	7.0	6.8
Nebraska	38	39	33	3.6	3.8	3.1
Nevada	75	57	61	4.9	3.6	3.9
New Hampshire	33	32	33	4.7	4.6	4.7
New Jersey	148	167	192	3.5	3.8	4.4
New Mexico	31	34	34	3.6	4.0	3.9
New York	240	287	282	2.5	2.9	2.9
North Carolina	214	209	193	4.4	4.2	3.9
North Dakota	18	19	15	4.2	4.3	3.4
Ohio	232	215	220	4.2	3.8	3.9
Oklahoma	70	67	75	4.1	3.8	4.3
Oregon	85	83	84	4.3	4.1	4.2
Pennsylvania	165	177	208	2.7	2.9	3.4
Rhode Island	21	22	22	4.3	4.4	4.4
South Carolina	99	118	106	4.4	5.1	4.5
South Dakota	19	25	18	4.1	5.2	3.8
Tennessee	188	144	160	5.7	4.3	4.8
Texas	547	530	517	4.0	3.8	3.7
Utah	65	75	65	3.8	4.4	3.7
Vermont	10	13	12	3.1	4.3	3.8
Virginia	173	158	163	4.2	3.8	3.9
Washington	124	124	112	3.5	3.4	3.1
West Virginia	35	33	34	5.0	4.6	4.8
Wisconsin	101	118	98	3.4	3.9	3.2
Wyoming	18	18	17	6.3	6.0	5.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Oct. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,111	3,839	3,683	2.7	2.4	2.3
Alabama	74	57	62	3.4	2.6	2.9
Alaska	20	16	16	6.3	4.8	5.0
Arizona	102	83	82	3.3	2.6	2.6
Arkansas	39	35	34	2.9	2.5	2.5
California	375	329	329	2.1	1.8	1.8
Colorado	73	79	63	2.5	2.7	2.1
Connecticut	30	34	26	1.8	2.0	1.5
Delaware	22	19	19	4.6	3.9	3.9
District of Columbia	20	15	15	2.6	1.9	2.0
Florida	300	274	271	3.1	2.8	2.7
Georgia	158	141	136	3.3	2.9	2.7
Hawaii	11	15	9	1.8	2.4	1.4
Idaho	29	35	25	3.4	4.0	2.9
Illinois	151	134	150	2.5	2.2	2.4
Indiana	87	82	86	2.7	2.5	2.6
Iowa	47	35	38	2.9	2.2	2.4
Kansas	38	33	29	2.6	2.3	2.0
Kentucky	55	61	49	2.7	3.0	2.4
Louisiana	64	66	53	3.3	3.3	2.7
Maine	17	19	15	2.7	2.8	2.3
Maryland	80	74	74	2.9	2.7	2.6
Massachusetts	67	74	56	1.8	2.0	1.5
Michigan	112	102	93	2.5	2.3	2.1
Minnesota	78	72	65	2.6	2.4	2.1
Mississippi	41	32	37	3.5	2.7	3.2
Missouri	73	71	70	2.5	2.4	2.3
Montana	21	24	19	4.1	4.7	3.6
Nebraska	25	25	22	2.4	2.4	2.1
Nevada	48	38	39	3.2	2.5	2.5
New Hampshire	17	19	16	2.5	2.7	2.3
New Jersey	97	109	94	2.3	2.5	2.2
New Mexico	21	23	22	2.4	2.7	2.5
New York	158	153	151	1.6	1.6	1.5
North Carolina	165	139	134	3.4	2.8	2.7
North Dakota	12	12	11	2.7	2.8	2.4
Ohio	143	130	135	2.6	2.3	2.4
Oklahoma	52	45	52	3.0	2.6	3.0
Oregon	58	57	52	2.9	2.8	2.6
Pennsylvania	116	122	113	1.9	2.0	1.8
Rhode Island	12	13	10	2.4	2.5	2.0
South Carolina	73	80	67	3.2	3.5	2.9
South Dakota	13	16	12	2.8	3.4	2.6
Tennessee	129	98	111	3.9	2.9	3.3
Texas	421	390	393	3.1	2.8	2.8
Utah	44	52	43	2.6	3.0	2.5
Vermont	6	8	6	2.0	2.4	1.8
Virginia	130	107	107	3.1	2.6	2.6
Washington	83	79	68	2.3	2.2	1.8
West Virginia	26	21	23	3.7	3.0	3.2
Wisconsin	68	80	68	2.3	2.6	2.3
Wyoming	12	12	10	4.2	4.1	3.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Oct. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,496	1,655	1,617	1.0	1.1	1.0
Alabama	18	28	22	0.9	1.3	1.0
Alaska	9	8	8	2.8	2.4	2.6
Arizona	33	24	35	1.0	0.8	1.1
Arkansas	12	16	13	0.9	1.2	0.9
California	123	148	149	0.7	0.8	0.8
Colorado	36	28	40	1.3	1.0	1.4
Connecticut	12	18	20	0.7	1.1	1.2
Delaware	7	9	7	1.5	1.8	1.5
District of Columbia	5	6	6	0.7	0.8	0.8
Florida	73	84	90	0.8	0.9	0.9
Georgia	58	47	41	1.2	1.0	0.8
Hawaii	5	7	5	0.8	1.1	0.8
Idaho	12	11	14	1.5	1.3	1.6
Illinois	67	48	50	1.1	0.8	0.8
Indiana	37	33	27	1.1	1.0	0.8
Iowa	18	20	17	1.1	1.2	1.1
Kansas	13	21	11	0.9	1.5	0.7
Kentucky	16	23	17	0.8	1.1	0.8
Louisiana	19	33	27	1.0	1.7	1.4
Maine	7	9	16	1.1	1.4	2.4
Maryland	40	40	29	1.5	1.5	1.0
Massachusetts	28	32	41	0.7	0.8	1.1
Michigan	38	55	38	0.9	1.2	0.8
Minnesota	29	48	25	1.0	1.6	0.8
Mississippi	11	18	11	1.0	1.6	0.9
Missouri	24	40	23	0.8	1.3	0.7
Montana	10	9	15	1.9	1.7	2.8
Nebraska	11	12	9	1.0	1.2	0.9
Nevada	25	14	19	1.7	0.9	1.2
New Hampshire	15	10	13	2.2	1.4	1.9
New Jersey	46	44	85	1.1	1.0	1.9
New Mexico	9	8	9	1.0	0.9	1.1
New York	74	116	109	0.8	1.2	1.1
North Carolina	42	65	41	0.9	1.3	0.8
North Dakota	6	5	4	1.3	1.2	0.9
Ohio	80	72	78	1.4	1.3	1.4
Oklahoma	16	19	17	0.9	1.1	1.0
Oregon	24	19	26	1.2	0.9	1.3
Pennsylvania	42	44	80	0.7	0.7	1.3
Rhode Island	9	7	10	1.8	1.4	2.0
South Carolina	23	35	30	1.0	1.5	1.3
South Dakota	5	7	5	1.1	1.5	1.0
Tennessee	54	41	41	1.6	1.2	1.2
Texas	112	122	98	0.8	0.9	0.7
Utah	19	17	19	1.1	1.0	1.1
Vermont	3	4	5	0.9	1.3	1.5
Virginia	40	46	45	1.0	1.1	1.1
Washington	37	35	38	1.0	1.0	1.1
West Virginia	8	9	8	1.1	1.3	1.2
Wisconsin	28	32	25	0.9	1.1	0.8
Wyoming	5	4	6	1.9	1.3	1.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary