For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, May 9, 2017	USDL-17-0590

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2017

The number of job openings was little changed at 5.7 million on the last business day of March, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were also little changed 
at 5.3 million and 5.1 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits and the layoffs and discharges 
rates were unchanged at 2.1 percent and 1.1 percent, respectively. This release includes estimates of the 
number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four 
geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of March, there were 5.7 million job openings, little changed from February. 
The job openings rate was 3.8 percent in March. The number of job openings was little changed for total 
private and edged up for government. Job openings increased in professional and business services 
(+126,000), other services (+55,000), and state and local government education (+27,000). Job openings 
decreased in educational services (-43,000) and mining and logging (-8,000). The number of job 
openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was essentially unchanged at 5.3 million in March. The hires rate was 3.6 percent. 
The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires increased in health 
care and social assistance (+49,000), but decreased in mining and logging (-8,000). The number of hires 
was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)
Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 5.1 million total separations in March, little changed from February. The total separations 
rate in March was 3.5 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and 
decreased for government (-38,000). Total separations increased in health care and social assistance 
(+67,000) and educational services (+29,000), but decreased in state and local government education 
(-39,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed at 3.1 million in March. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. The 
number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits increased in health care 
and social assistance (+52,000), but decreased in information (-12,000). In the regions, the number of 
quits increased in the West. (See table 4.)

There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in March, little changed from February. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.1 percent in March. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for 
total private and decreased for government (-33,000). The layoffs and discharges level increased in real 
estate and rental and leasing (+18,000) and educational services (+18,000). The layoffs and discharges 
level decreased in state and local government education (-31,000). The number of layoffs and discharges 
was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

In March, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and 
government. Other separations increased in educational services (+5,000), but decreased in state and 
local government education (-7,000). In the regions, the number of other separations decreased in the 
West. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in March, hires totaled 62.9 million and 
separations totaled 60.5 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.3 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for April 2017 are scheduled to be released 
on Tuesday, June 6, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	5,852	5,682	5,743	5,297	5,249	5,260	5,040	5,008	5,088
Total private	5,338	5,179	5,207	4,919	4,905	4,928	4,709	4,662	4,779
Mining and logging(1)	8	20	12	24	39	31	48	32	26
Construction(1)	209	181	172	357	367	372	323	339	373
Manufacturing	342	364	394	262	296	322	287	280	318
Durable goods(1)	175	209	229	153	154	173	174	155	171
Nondurable goods(1)	167	155	165	109	142	149	113	125	148
Trade, transportation, and utilities	974	928	931	1,084	1,090	1,047	1,034	1,056	1,057
Wholesale trade(1)	178	175	184	159	139	128	150	135	131
Retail trade	603	579	568	748	757	724	717	749	750
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	192	174	178	177	194	195	167	171	177
Information(1)	76	75	78	74	76	76	66	79	73
Financial activities	313	360	337	222	190	211	187	182	195
Finance and insurance	246	285	266	136	122	135	114	127	119
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	67	75	71	85	68	76	73	55	77
Professional and business services	1,287	976	1,102	1,075	1,044	989	1,056	999	938
Education and health services	1,047	1,241	1,145	639	622	685	586	548	643
Educational services(1)	85	126	83	97	81	95	83	59	88
Health care and social assistance	962	1,115	1,062	542	541	590	502	488	555
Leisure and hospitality	812	784	729	1,005	981	1,000	968	968	975
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	99	92	82	157	151	125	142	140	131
Accommodation and food services	714	693	647	848	831	874	827	828	844
Other services(1)	270	250	305	177	199	196	151	179	180
Government	514	503	537	378	344	331	331	347	309
Federal(1)	94	83	83	41	35	34	37	35	34
State and local	421	420	454	337	308	297	294	312	275
State and local education	156	140	167	174	151	144	155	168	129
State and local, excluding education(1)	265	280	287	163	157	153	139	144	146
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.5
Total private	4.2	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.9
Mining and logging(1)	1.2	2.9	1.7	3.5	5.7	4.4	7.0	4.7	3.8
Construction(1)	3.0	2.6	2.4	5.3	5.3	5.4	4.8	4.9	5.4
Manufacturing	2.7	2.9	3.1	2.1	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.6
Durable goods(1)	2.2	2.6	2.9	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.0	2.2
Nondurable goods(1)	3.5	3.2	3.4	2.4	3.0	3.2	2.4	2.7	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.5	3.3	3.3	4.0	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.9
Wholesale trade(1)	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.4	2.2	2.6	2.3	2.2
Retail trade	3.7	3.5	3.5	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.7	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	3.4	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.0	3.1	3.2
Information(1)	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.4	2.9	2.7
Financial activities	3.7	4.1	3.9	2.7	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.3
Finance and insurance	3.9	4.4	4.1	2.2	2.0	2.2	1.9	2.0	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	3.1	3.3	3.1	4.0	3.1	3.5	3.5	2.5	3.5
Professional and business services	6.1	4.5	5.1	5.4	5.1	4.8	5.3	4.9	4.6
Education and health services	4.5	5.1	4.8	2.8	2.7	3.0	2.6	2.4	2.8
Educational services(1)	2.3	3.4	2.2	2.8	2.2	2.6	2.4	1.6	2.4
Health care and social assistance	4.8	5.5	5.2	2.9	2.8	3.1	2.7	2.5	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	5.0	4.7	4.4	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.2	6.1	6.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.2	3.9	3.5	7.0	6.7	5.6	6.4	6.2	5.9
Accommodation and food services	5.1	4.9	4.6	6.4	6.1	6.4	6.2	6.1	6.2
Other services(1)	4.5	4.2	5.1	3.1	3.5	3.4	2.7	3.1	3.1
Government	2.3	2.2	2.3	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.4
Federal(1)	3.3	2.9	2.9	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2
State and local	2.1	2.1	2.3	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.4
State and local education	1.5	1.3	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.2
State and local, excluding education(1)	2.8	3.0	3.1	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.6
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
Total	5,852	5,631	5,539	5,625	5,682	5,743	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,338	5,056	5,065	5,133	5,179	5,207	4.2	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
Mining and logging(3)	8	16	17	25	20	12	1.2	2.4	2.5	3.5	2.9	1.7
Construction(3)	209	178	140	142	181	172	3.0	2.6	2.0	2.0	2.6	2.4
Manufacturing	342	319	342	361	364	394	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.9	3.1
Durable goods(3)	175	186	194	206	209	229	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.9
Nondurable goods(3)	167	133	148	155	155	165	3.5	2.8	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	974	1,017	1,014	959	928	931	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.3
Wholesale trade(3)	178	203	182	201	175	184	2.9	3.3	3.0	3.3	2.9	3.0
Retail trade	603	636	650	581	579	568	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.5	3.5	3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	192	178	182	177	174	178	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1
Information(3)	76	73	81	73	75	78	2.6	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.8
Financial activities	313	324	357	388	360	337	3.7	3.7	4.1	4.4	4.1	3.9
Finance and insurance	246	263	272	248	285	266	3.9	4.1	4.2	3.8	4.4	4.1
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	67	61	85	140	75	71	3.1	2.7	3.8	6.0	3.3	3.1
Professional and business services	1,287	1,047	989	1,056	976	1,102	6.1	4.9	4.6	4.9	4.5	5.1
Education and health services	1,047	1,135	1,158	1,158	1,241	1,145	4.5	4.7	4.8	4.8	5.1	4.8
Educational services(3)	85	86	93	93	126	83	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.5	3.4	2.2
Health care and social assistance	962	1,048	1,065	1,065	1,115	1,062	4.8	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.5	5.2
Leisure and hospitality	812	756	730	729	784	729	5.0	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.7	4.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	99	96	89	83	92	82	4.2	4.1	3.8	3.6	3.9	3.5
Accommodation and food services	714	660	640	646	693	647	5.1	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.9	4.6
Other services(3)	270	192	236	241	250	305	4.5	3.2	4.0	4.0	4.2	5.1
Government	514	575	474	492	503	537	2.3	2.5	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.3
Federal(3)	94	82	110	82	83	83	3.3	2.8	3.8	2.8	2.9	2.9
State and local	421	494	364	410	420	454	2.1	2.5	1.8	2.1	2.1	2.3
State and local education	156	150	143	161	140	167	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.3	1.6
State and local, excluding education(3)	265	344	220	249	280	287	2.8	3.6	2.4	2.7	3.0	3.1
REGION(4)
Northeast	886	942	967	998	1,102	1,039	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.9	3.7
South	2,278	2,079	2,008	2,024	2,060	2,104	4.2	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.8
Midwest	1,330	1,263	1,253	1,324	1,285	1,349	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.9	3.8	4.0
West	1,359	1,347	1,312	1,279	1,236	1,251	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.6
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
Total	5,297	5,263	5,303	5,424	5,249	5,260	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,919	4,912	4,984	5,067	4,905	4,928	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.0
Mining and logging	24	30	22	30	39	31	3.5	4.5	3.2	4.4	5.7	4.4
Construction	357	337	400	387	367	372	5.3	5.0	5.9	5.7	5.3	5.4
Manufacturing	262	284	293	304	296	322	2.1	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.6
Durable goods	153	169	171	165	154	173	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2
Nondurable goods	109	115	122	139	142	149	2.4	2.5	2.6	3.0	3.0	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,084	1,016	1,009	1,023	1,090	1,047	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.7	4.0	3.8
Wholesale trade	159	135	130	140	139	128	2.7	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.2
Retail trade	748	666	672	682	757	724	4.7	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.8	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	177	215	208	201	194	195	3.2	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.5
Information	74	71	79	80	76	76	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8
Financial activities	222	175	190	220	190	211	2.7	2.1	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.5
Finance and insurance	136	114	126	150	122	135	2.2	1.8	2.0	2.4	2.0	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	85	61	64	70	68	76	4.0	2.8	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.5
Professional and business services	1,075	1,082	1,140	1,128	1,044	989	5.4	5.3	5.6	5.5	5.1	4.8
Education and health services	639	652	642	646	622	685	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.7	3.0
Educational services	97	81	78	79	81	95	2.8	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.6
Health care and social assistance	542	571	564	567	541	590	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,005	1,056	1,031	1,015	981	1,000	6.5	6.7	6.5	6.4	6.2	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	157	151	162	146	151	125	7.0	6.7	7.2	6.5	6.7	5.6
Accommodation and food services	848	904	869	869	831	874	6.4	6.7	6.4	6.4	6.1	6.4
Other services	177	210	178	233	199	196	3.1	3.7	3.1	4.1	3.5	3.4
Government	378	351	319	357	344	331	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.5
Federal	41	40	45	46	35	34	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.2
State and local	337	311	275	312	308	297	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.5
State and local education	174	142	137	159	151	144	1.7	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.4
State and local, excluding education	163	169	137	153	157	153	1.8	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	828	835	849	898	864	873	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2
South	2,088	2,021	2,074	2,091	2,105	2,039	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.8
Midwest	1,221	1,192	1,176	1,162	1,123	1,112	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.4
West	1,160	1,214	1,205	1,273	1,157	1,235	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.5	3.7
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
Total	5,040	5,075	5,084	5,247	5,008	5,088	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,709	4,720	4,754	4,908	4,662	4,779	3.9	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.9
Mining and logging	48	25	22	32	32	26	7.0	3.7	3.3	4.8	4.7	3.8
Construction	323	323	369	361	339	373	4.8	4.8	5.4	5.3	4.9	5.4
Manufacturing	287	286	287	304	280	318	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.6
Durable goods	174	165	163	163	155	171	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.2
Nondurable goods	113	121	124	141	125	148	2.4	2.6	2.7	3.0	2.7	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,034	1,018	958	1,012	1,056	1,057	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.9	3.9
Wholesale trade	150	129	142	150	135	131	2.6	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.2
Retail trade	717	698	631	670	749	750	4.5	4.4	4.0	4.2	4.7	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	167	191	185	192	171	177	3.0	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.2
Information	66	73	82	87	79	73	2.4	2.6	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.7
Financial activities	187	160	162	198	182	195	2.3	1.9	1.9	2.4	2.2	2.3
Finance and insurance	114	120	107	133	127	119	1.9	1.9	1.7	2.1	2.0	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	73	40	55	65	55	77	3.5	1.9	2.5	3.0	2.5	3.5
Professional and business services	1,056	1,069	1,132	1,068	999	938	5.3	5.2	5.5	5.2	4.9	4.6
Education and health services	586	610	596	639	548	643	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.4	2.8
Educational services	83	72	73	82	59	88	2.4	2.0	2.0	2.3	1.6	2.4
Health care and social assistance	502	539	522	557	488	555	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	968	986	974	987	968	975	6.2	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.1	6.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	142	144	156	135	140	131	6.4	6.4	7.0	6.0	6.2	5.9
Accommodation and food services	827	842	817	852	828	844	6.2	6.2	6.1	6.3	6.1	6.2
Other services	151	170	172	219	179	180	2.7	3.0	3.0	3.8	3.1	3.1
Government	331	355	330	339	347	309	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.4
Federal	37	43	41	38	35	34	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.2
State and local	294	313	289	301	312	275	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.4
State and local education	155	155	133	151	168	129	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.2
State and local, excluding education	139	158	156	149	144	146	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	798	848	812	840	866	834	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.1
South	1,884	1,947	1,966	1,991	1,971	1,959	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7
Midwest	1,236	1,113	1,128	1,177	1,057	1,123	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.5
West	1,122	1,166	1,178	1,239	1,114	1,172	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.3	3.5
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
Total	2,932	3,080	3,085	3,186	3,036	3,116	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,766	2,909	2,915	3,011	2,865	2,944	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.4
Mining and logging	15	13	12	13	17	14	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.5	2.0
Construction	145	150	134	151	162	169	2.2	2.2	2.0	2.2	2.4	2.5
Manufacturing	142	164	165	177	184	190	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.5
Durable goods	79	93	89	96	97	94	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Nondurable goods	63	71	75	82	88	96	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.9	2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	668	655	623	657	672	685	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.5
Wholesale trade	94	87	94	103	71	74	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.2	1.2
Retail trade	490	460	432	469	492	503	3.1	2.9	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	84	108	97	85	109	108	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.9
Information	38	35	49	42	48	36	1.4	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.3
Financial activities	95	85	78	123	85	101	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.5	1.0	1.2
Finance and insurance	51	66	59	80	57	69	0.8	1.1	0.9	1.3	0.9	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	44	19	19	43	28	32	2.1	0.9	0.9	2.0	1.3	1.5
Professional and business services	564	635	672	625	569	567	2.8	3.1	3.3	3.1	2.8	2.8
Education and health services	382	395	409	438	371	429	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.6	1.9
Educational services	41	44	41	45	41	47	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.3
Health care and social assistance	342	351	367	394	330	382	1.8	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.7	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	644	693	688	662	660	677	4.1	4.4	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	60	77	73	70	76	79	2.7	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.4	3.5
Accommodation and food services	584	616	615	593	584	599	4.4	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.4
Other services(3)	73	83	86	123	97	76	1.3	1.5	1.5	2.1	1.7	1.3
Government	165	171	170	175	171	172	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Federal	13	17	15	15	16	14	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5
State and local	152	154	155	161	155	158	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
State and local education	73	80	70	75	74	73	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
State and local, excluding education	80	73	85	86	81	85	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	401	475	440	430	426	436	1.5	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
South	1,173	1,207	1,250	1,248	1,267	1,241	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3
Midwest	648	695	664	719	694	697	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1
West	709	703	730	789	649	741	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.0	2.2
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
Total	1,726	1,660	1,624	1,659	1,594	1,615	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,622	1,539	1,525	1,555	1,483	1,538	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2
Mining and logging(3)	29	8	6	16	12	11	4.2	1.2	0.9	2.4	1.7	1.6
Construction	163	153	214	177	155	193	2.4	2.3	3.2	2.6	2.3	2.8
Manufacturing	115	99	100	103	73	105	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.8
Durable goods	75	57	57	55	43	65	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.8
Nondurable goods	41	42	43	48	30	40	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.6	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	265	293	247	289	309	295	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.1
Wholesale trade(3)	43	32	36	39	49	45	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.8
Retail trade	157	188	142	155	210	198	1.0	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	65	73	69	94	50	51	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.7	0.9	0.9
Information	23	27	23	27	23	29	0.8	1.0	0.8	1.0	0.8	1.1
Financial activities	62	53	61	50	68	68	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.8
Finance and insurance	41	32	29	30	46	28	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	22	21	32	19	22	40	1.0	1.0	1.5	0.9	1.0	1.8
Professional and business services	434	384	401	383	367	301	2.2	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.5
Education and health services	177	183	142	132	127	165	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7
Educational services	40	26	28	31	16	34	1.1	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.5	0.9
Health care and social assistance	137	157	114	102	111	131	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	289	259	256	296	276	271	1.9	1.6	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	79	66	81	60	61	49	3.6	2.9	3.6	2.7	2.7	2.2
Accommodation and food services	210	194	175	235	215	222	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.7	1.6	1.6
Other services	64	79	75	83	73	99	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.7
Government	103	121	99	104	111	78	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.3
Federal	12	13	13	13	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4
State and local	91	108	86	91	101	68	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.3
State and local education	59	50	40	51	63	32	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.3
State and local, excluding education	32	57	46	39	38	36	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4
REGION(4)
Northeast	325	307	310	340	374	324	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.2
South	561	608	566	573	566	581	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Midwest	493	355	387	383	294	350	1.5	1.1	1.2	1.2	0.9	1.1
West	345	390	361	362	361	360	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
Total	382	334	375	402	378	357	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	320	272	314	342	314	298	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mining and logging	5	4	4	3	4	2	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.3
Construction(3)	16	19	20	32	22	11	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.2
Manufacturing	30	23	23	24	24	23	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	20	16	17	13	16	12	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods(3)	10	8	6	11	8	12	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	101	69	88	66	74	78	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	13	9	13	7	14	11	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	70	49	57	46	48	49	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	18	10	18	13	12	17	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Information(3)	5	11	10	18	8	8	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.7	0.3	0.3
Financial activities	30	23	23	26	29	26	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	22	22	20	23	24	22	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	8	1	4	3	4	4	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Professional and business services	59	50	59	61	62	69	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	26	32	45	68	50	49	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Educational services(3)	2	2	4	7	2	7	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Health care and social assistance(3)	23	30	41	61	47	42	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	35	34	30	29	32	27	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	2	2	3	5	3	3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services(3)	33	33	27	24	29	24	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services(3)	14	7	12	14	10	5	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	62	63	62	60	64	59	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	12	13	10	9	10	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local	50	51	49	49	56	50	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	23	24	23	25	31	24	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local, excluding education	27	27	26	24	24	25	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	72	66	62	70	66	74	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3
South	150	132	150	171	139	137	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	94	63	77	75	69	76	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	67	73	86	87	104	70	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
Total	5,827	5,500	5,684	3.9	3.7	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,329	5,017	5,161	4.2	4.0	4.1
Mining and logging	8	20	12	1.2	2.9	1.7
Construction	209	181	172	3.2	2.7	2.6
Manufacturing	342	364	394	2.7	2.9	3.1
Durable goods	175	209	229	2.2	2.6	2.9
Nondurable goods	167	155	165	3.5	3.2	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	973	865	911	3.5	3.1	3.3
Wholesale trade	178	175	184	3.0	2.9	3.0
Retail trade	603	516	548	3.7	3.2	3.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	192	174	178	3.4	3.1	3.1
Information	76	75	78	2.7	2.7	2.8
Financial activities	303	334	323	3.6	3.9	3.7
Finance and insurance	236	259	252	3.7	4.0	3.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	67	75	71	3.1	3.4	3.2
Professional and business services	1,271	925	1,098	6.1	4.4	5.1
Education and health services	1,018	1,203	1,096	4.3	5.0	4.5
Educational services	85	126	83	2.2	3.2	2.2
Health care and social assistance	933	1,077	1,013	4.7	5.3	5.0
Leisure and hospitality	861	800	770	5.4	5.0	4.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	108	85	85	5.0	4.1	4.0
Accommodation and food services	753	715	685	5.4	5.2	4.9
Other services	270	250	305	4.6	4.2	5.1
Government	497	484	523	2.2	2.1	2.3
Federal	94	83	83	3.3	2.9	2.9
State and local	403	401	440	2.0	2.0	2.2
State and local education	139	121	153	1.3	1.1	1.4
State and local, excluding education	265	280	287	2.9	3.0	3.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	861	1,051	999	3.2	3.8	3.6
South	2,264	2,019	2,087	4.2	3.7	3.8
Midwest	1,353	1,241	1,375	4.1	3.7	4.1
West	1,349	1,189	1,222	4.0	3.5	3.6
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
Total	4,974	4,349	4,952	3.5	3.0	3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,687	4,096	4,701	3.9	3.4	3.8
Mining and logging	24	32	30	3.6	4.7	4.5
Construction	354	317	364	5.5	4.9	5.5
Manufacturing	250	261	313	2.0	2.1	2.5
Durable goods	151	138	173	2.0	1.8	2.2
Nondurable goods	99	123	140	2.2	2.7	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,043	851	1,006	3.9	3.2	3.7
Wholesale trade	165	123	132	2.8	2.1	2.2
Retail trade	732	591	718	4.7	3.8	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	146	136	157	2.7	2.5	2.8
Information	64	61	66	2.3	2.2	2.4
Financial activities	205	152	203	2.5	1.8	2.4
Finance and insurance	126	101	127	2.1	1.6	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	80	50	76	3.8	2.4	3.5
Professional and business services	1,030	931	933	5.2	4.6	4.6
Education and health services	551	521	603	2.4	2.3	2.6
Educational services	59	64	60	1.6	1.7	1.6
Health care and social assistance	492	457	543	2.6	2.4	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,008	793	1,007	6.7	5.2	6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	149	100	116	7.2	4.9	5.6
Accommodation and food services	859	693	890	6.6	5.3	6.7
Other services	158	178	176	2.8	3.1	3.1
Government	287	254	251	1.3	1.1	1.1
Federal	41	27	32	1.5	0.9	1.1
State and local	246	227	220	1.2	1.1	1.1
State and local education	96	113	79	0.9	1.0	0.7
State and local, excluding education	150	114	140	1.7	1.3	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	765	668	814	2.9	2.5	3.0
South	1,989	1,834	1,936	3.8	3.5	3.7
Midwest	1,155	882	1,052	3.6	2.7	3.3
West	1,066	965	1,151	3.3	2.9	3.5
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
Total	4,408	4,075	4,475	3.1	2.8	3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,178	3,864	4,258	3.5	3.2	3.5
Mining and logging	47	29	24	6.9	4.3	3.5
Construction	277	277	326	4.3	4.3	4.9
Manufacturing	264	238	302	2.1	1.9	2.5
Durable goods	162	134	161	2.1	1.7	2.1
Nondurable goods	102	105	141	2.2	2.3	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	905	897	933	3.4	3.3	3.5
Wholesale trade	149	118	128	2.6	2.0	2.2
Retail trade	609	651	650	3.9	4.2	4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	147	128	155	2.7	2.3	2.8
Information	62	66	70	2.2	2.4	2.5
Financial activities	182	146	185	2.2	1.7	2.2
Finance and insurance	114	96	119	1.9	1.6	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	68	49	67	3.2	2.3	3.1
Professional and business services	983	881	858	5.0	4.4	4.2
Education and health services	518	447	584	2.3	1.9	2.5
Educational services	51	32	59	1.4	0.8	1.6
Health care and social assistance	467	415	525	2.5	2.1	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	811	721	821	5.4	4.8	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	109	78	100	5.3	3.9	4.8
Accommodation and food services	702	643	721	5.4	4.9	5.4
Other services	131	162	154	2.3	2.9	2.7
Government	230	211	217	1.0	0.9	1.0
Federal	32	27	28	1.2	1.0	1.0
State and local	198	184	189	1.0	0.9	0.9
State and local education	84	82	71	0.8	0.8	0.7
State and local, excluding education	114	102	118	1.3	1.1	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	650	668	684	2.5	2.5	2.6
South	1,710	1,639	1,772	3.3	3.1	3.4
Midwest	1,041	855	966	3.3	2.7	3.0
West	1,006	913	1,053	3.1	2.8	3.2
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
Total	2,632	2,499	2,806	1.8	1.7	1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,504	2,379	2,673	2.1	2.0	2.2
Mining and logging	13	14	11	1.8	2.1	1.7
Construction	127	128	150	2.0	2.0	2.3
Manufacturing	133	153	183	1.1	1.2	1.5
Durable goods	75	79	89	1.0	1.0	1.2
Nondurable goods	58	74	94	1.3	1.6	2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	603	563	624	2.2	2.1	2.3
Wholesale trade	95	58	73	1.6	1.0	1.2
Retail trade	431	419	448	2.8	2.7	2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	78	87	103	1.4	1.6	1.9
Information	34	42	33	1.2	1.5	1.2
Financial activities	95	71	103	1.2	0.9	1.2
Finance and insurance	51	43	70	0.8	0.7	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	44	28	32	2.1	1.3	1.5
Professional and business services	524	493	517	2.7	2.4	2.5
Education and health services	346	309	393	1.5	1.3	1.7
Educational services	28	23	33	0.8	0.6	0.9
Health care and social assistance	318	286	359	1.7	1.5	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	557	509	583	3.7	3.4	3.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	44	48	60	2.1	2.4	2.9
Accommodation and food services	513	460	523	3.9	3.5	3.9
Other services	73	97	76	1.3	1.7	1.3
Government	128	120	133	0.6	0.5	0.6
Federal	12	14	12	0.4	0.5	0.4
State and local	116	106	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
State and local education	47	43	46	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local, excluding education	69	63	74	0.8	0.7	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	338	330	370	1.3	1.2	1.4
South	1,076	1,063	1,137	2.1	2.0	2.2
Midwest	566	562	610	1.8	1.8	1.9
West	653	543	689	2.0	1.6	2.1
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
Total	1,439	1,237	1,349	1.0	0.9	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,381	1,186	1,307	1.1	1.0	1.1
Mining and logging	29	12	11	4.2	1.7	1.6
Construction	134	127	165	2.1	2.0	2.5
Manufacturing	101	64	96	0.8	0.5	0.8
Durable goods	66	41	61	0.9	0.5	0.8
Nondurable goods	35	23	35	0.8	0.5	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	217	264	244	0.8	1.0	0.9
Wholesale trade	43	49	45	0.7	0.8	0.8
Retail trade	123	186	163	0.8	1.2	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	51	30	35	0.9	0.5	0.6
Information	22	17	28	0.8	0.6	1.0
Financial activities	63	52	62	0.8	0.6	0.7
Finance and insurance	48	36	32	0.8	0.6	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	16	17	30	0.8	0.8	1.4
Professional and business services	406	327	273	2.1	1.6	1.3
Education and health services	146	88	143	0.6	0.4	0.6
Educational services	21	6	19	0.6	0.2	0.5
Health care and social assistance	125	82	124	0.7	0.4	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	219	180	211	1.4	1.2	1.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	63	27	38	3.1	1.3	1.8
Accommodation and food services	156	153	174	1.2	1.2	1.3
Other services	44	56	74	0.8	1.0	1.3
Government	57	50	42	0.3	0.2	0.2
Federal	11	6	8	0.4	0.2	0.3
State and local	47	44	34	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	26	25	14	0.2	0.2	0.1
State and local, excluding education	20	19	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	248	274	244	0.9	1.0	0.9
South	511	452	522	1.0	0.9	1.0
Midwest	394	233	288	1.2	0.7	0.9
West	287	277	295	0.9	0.8	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)
Total	337	339	320	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	292	299	278	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	6	3	2	0.9	0.4	0.3
Construction	16	22	11	0.2	0.3	0.2
Manufacturing	30	21	23	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	20	14	11	0.3	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	10	8	12	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	84	69	66	0.3	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	11	11	9	0.2	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	56	47	39	0.4	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	18	12	17	0.3	0.2	0.3
Information	5	8	8	0.2	0.3	0.3
Financial activities	23	22	21	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finance and insurance	16	18	16	0.3	0.3	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	8	4	4	0.4	0.2	0.2
Professional and business services	54	61	68	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	26	50	49	0.1	0.2	0.2
Educational services	2	2	7	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health care and social assistance	23	47	42	0.1	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	35	32	27	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	3	3	0.1	0.2	0.1
Accommodation and food services	33	29	24	0.3	0.2	0.2
Other services	14	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	45	41	42	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	9	7	8	0.3	0.2	0.3
State and local	35	34	34	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	11	14	11	0.1	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	24	20	23	0.3	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	64	63	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
South	125	124	113	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	81	59	69	0.3	0.2	0.2
West	67	93	69	0.2	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.